Unit 5 Poems Using Language——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
blank adj.空白的;无图画(或韵律、装饰)的;没表情的n.空白;空格
civilian n. _________________
prose n.散文
sympathetic adj. _________________
sympathy n.同情;赞同
version n.版本;(从不同角度的)说法
innocence n. _________________
innocent adj. _________________
era n.时代，年代;纪元
correspondence n.来往信件;通信联系
correspond vi. _________________
sow v. _________________
seed n.种子; 起源;萌芽
dominant adj. _________________
sonnet n.十四行诗
deadline n.最后期限;截止日期
2. 重点短语
cherry blossom ______________
______________ 寻找,寻求
keep up with 跟上
put up with ______________
______________ 结束;以……告终
catch up with ______________
come up with ______________
have a prejudice against 对……偏见
______________ 使某人对……产生偏见
hold up 支持住,承受住
______________ 握住;抓紧;保住(优势)
polish up 提高(技能);改善(外表等);擦亮,擦光
二、易错点讲解
1. 虚拟条件句
虚拟情况 if从句(谓语动词形式) 主句(谓语动词形式)
对现在情况的虚拟 过去式(be动词用were) would/should/could/might+动词原形
对过去情况的虚拟 had done would/should/could/might+have done
对将来情况的虚拟 过去式(be动词用were)/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形 would/should/could/might+动词原形
If he had a good reputation, I would invite him to attend my wedding.
如果他有一个好名声的话,我会邀请他参加我的婚礼的。(与现在事实相反)。
If you hadn't met the deadline, you would have been fined.
如果你没有在最后期限完成任务,你就会被罚款的。(与过去事实相反)
If it were fine tomorrow, I would go on a trip.
如果明天天气好的话,我要去旅游。
三、基础练习
1.I really appreciate the emphasis they lay __________ the construction of community library for children.
2.I was greeted with breathtaking desert scenery __________ instant I got off the plane.
3.Einstein __________ (flee) to the United States by October, 19.
4.The conclusion drawn by the team, __________ summarized all the key findings, was both clear and compelling.
5.Learning a new language can be __________ (challenge),but it's also a great way to broaden your horizons.
6.Feng Lin felt__________ (extreme) honored to attend the 100th anniversary of Communist Party of China.
7.The president, the winner of the knife - edge election, is committed to __________ (reform) health care.
8.In Australia, half of woodlands and forests __________ (destroy) by agriculture so far.
9. __________ (consist) of the leading experts in the AI field, the team is bound to impress the world.
10.Older staff members are more experienced while younger ones are __________ (energy).
四、思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
To adapt to climate change, some flowers are darkening their color to protect themselves from the suns radiation, new research shows.
The study suggests that over the past 75 years, the ultraviolet (UV) pigments (紫外线色素) in flowers have increased in response to rising temperatures and the thinning ozone layer (臭氧层). The flowers won’t look any different to humans, but insects consider the higher levels of UV pigments as a darker color, which could be confusing when they try to find out colorful flowers to land on.
The UV-absorbing pigments in flowers work like sunscreen and protect sensitive cells from harmful radiation, Matthew Koski, a plant ecologist at Clemson University, says. He and his team hoped to determine if changes in pigments were a result of environmental change-and if so, what are the plants responding to The team collected dried, pressed plants across North America, Australia and Europe. In total, they studied 1, 238 samples from 42 different species dating back to 1941. Then, using a UV-sensitive camera, they photographed flower petals from each species. Next, they paired the photographs with the historic local temperature and ozone level data from the time the plant was picked to see how the pigment level changed over time.
The researchers found that the changes in pigments differ between species, a result of the flowers structure. Flowers with open, exposed pollen had more UV-absorbing pigments when ozone levels were low and radiation was high. But flowers with pollen surrounded by the petal responded to temperatures, not ozone levels.
As climate change continues to intensify, these changes in flowers color can affect plant-insect interactions. When the whole flowers get darker, insects might miss the flowers entirely. “This has a negative influence on plant reproduction,” Koski says.
11.What is the cause of flowers color changing according to the research
A. The impact of the climate crisis. B. The loss of natural habitats.
C. The harm of nuclear radiation. D. The thickening of the ozone layer.
12.How did Koski’s team get their findings
A. By collecting photographs of flowers from different species.
B. By analyzing how levels of UV pigments change over time.
C. By collecting abundant samples from various species.
D. By analyzing historic local temperature and ozone level data.
13.What can we learn about the change in pigments
A. It exists in flowers with exposed pollen only.
B. It responds to temperatures and sea levels.
C. It remains the same regardless of species.
D. It varies depending on the flowers structure.
14.What is Koski’s attitude toward the change in flowers color
A. Concerned. B. Indifferent. C. Unclear. D. Optimistic.
2.七选五
Advice on Choosing Your Career
You probably are very much concerned about which direction you take in your career, but before working through the process of generating and refining specific career choices, helicopter up to 10,000 feet from where you can view your overall career map, answer the big questions and set your overall direction. ①_________ What is your aim How long have you got Remember that there are no right answers, only the best choice for you, based on what you know now.
Having laid out your overall map, set boundaries and defined your personal targets, you can then turn to practical issues. ②_________ Write down examples of how you demonstrate key employability skills such as team work, leadership, and communication.
③_________ Go out and meet people, attend talks, go to relevant lectures, watch videos about industries and organizations, seek out websites that can give you objective and general career advice, for example, the open access Oxford university careers website.
Over time you can start to narrow down your choices and then choose one. ④_________
In 1804, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark set off with a compass and direction, and a general destination of mapping the new Louisiana territories in America. But they had no exact map. ⑤_________ Your career will be much longer but, like Lewis and Clark, it is about direction, not destination.
A. Where, roughly, are you going
B. Their successful expedition took two years.
C. In any event, you have a few years to explore.
D. Identify what you are good at, based on your skills and experiences.
E. That way, you’ll be more focused and thus more likely to achieve your goal.
F. You are looking for a match to what might suit you now, but that changes over time.
G. Your career project might take some time, as now you are probably short of information.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案：on
解析：“lay emphasis on” 是固定短语，意为 “强调；重视”，符合此处表达他们对儿童社区图书馆建设重视的语境，所以填 “on”。
2.答案：the
解析：“the instant” 是固定搭配，相当于连词 “as soon as”，引导时间状语从句，表示 “一…… 就……”，符合语境，所以填 “the”。
3.答案：had fled
解析：根据时间状语 “by October, 19...”(到 19…… 年 10 月为止)，句子应用过去完成时，其结构为 “had + 过去分词”，“flee” 的过去分词是 “fled”，所以填 “had fled”。
4.答案：which
解析：此处考查非限定性定语从句，先行词是 “The conclusion”，关系代词 “which” 在从句中作主语，指代先行词来进一步说明这个结论的相关情况，所以填 “which”。
5.答案：challenging
解析：考查形容词，句意:学习一门新语言可能很有挑战性，但它也是拓宽视野的好方法。
6.答案：extremely
解析：考查副词,句意:冯林非常荣幸地参加了中国共产党成立100周年纪念活动。修饰形容词honored,用副词形式。根据句意,故填extremely。
7.答案：reforming
解析：be committed to 是固定短语，意为 “致力于；专心于”，其中 to 是介词，后面接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。reform 作动词时，意为 “改革；改良”，这里用其动名词形式 reforming，表示 “这位在势均力敌的选举中获胜的总统致力于改革医疗保健制度”。
8.答案：have been destroyed
解析：根据时间状语 so far(到目前为止)可知，句子要用现在完成时，主语 half of woodlands and forests 和动词 destroy 之间是被动关系，即 “林地和森林被破坏”，所以要用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为 have/has been + 过去分词，主语是复数，所以填 have been destroyed。
9.答案：Consisting
解析：这里考查非谓语动词作状语。句子的主语 the team 和动词 consist 之间是主动关系，即 “团队由…… 组成”，完整形式应该是 The team consists of the leading experts in the AI field，所以这里用现在分词 Consisting 作状语，表示原因。
10.答案：more energetic
解析：“while” 表对比，前句说年长员工更有经验，后句说年轻员工特点。“are” 后需形容词作表语，“energy” 是名词，其形容词 “energetic”(精力充沛的)符合描述年轻员工特点，又因对比有比较含义，所以用比较级 “more energetic”，表示更精力充沛。
思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
11.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The study suggests that over the past 75 years, the ultraviolet (UV) pigments (紫外线色素) in flowers have increased in response to rising temperatures and the thinning ozone layer (臭氧层).(研究表明，在过去的75年里，由于气温上升和臭氧层变薄，花朵中的紫外线色素增加了)”可知，花朵中的紫外线(UV)色素随着温度升高和臭氧层变薄而增加，这是花朵应对气候变化的策略，故选A。
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Next, they paired the photographs with the historic local temperature and ozone level data from the time the plant was picked to see how the pigment level changed over time.(接下来，他们将这些照片与采摘植物时当地的历史温度和臭氧水平数据配对，看看色素水平是如何随时间变化的)”可知，科斯基的团队通过分析紫外线色素水平随时间的变化得到他们的发现。故选B。
13.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“The researchers found that the changes in pigments differ between species, a result of the flowers structure.(研究人员发现，由于花的结构不同，不同物种的色素变化也不同)”可知，色素沉着的变化因花的结构而异，故选D。
14.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“When the whole flowers get darker, insects might miss the flowers entirely. “This has a negative influence on plant reproduction,” Koski says.(当整个花朵变暗时，昆虫可能会完全错过花朵。“这对植物繁殖有负面影响，”科斯基说)”可知，当整朵花变暗时，昆虫可能会完全错过花朵，这对植物的繁衍有消极的影响，说明Koski对此现象是担忧的，故选A。
2.七选五
答案：ADGEB
解析：①根据前文“You probably are very much concerned about which direction you take in your career, but before working through the process of generating and refining specific career choices, helicopter up to 10,000 feet from where you can view your overall career map, answer the big questions and set your overall direction.(你可能非常关心自己在职业生涯中的方向，但在制定和完善具体的职业选择之前，扶摇直上一万英尺的高空，从高处查看自己总体的职业规划，回答一些重要问题，设定总体方向。)”和后文“What is your aim How long have you got (你的目标是什么？你还有多久？)”可知，空处应是对自己的职业规划提出的重要问题，与后文的问题并列，A项“你大致上要去哪里？”符合题意。故选A。
②根据后文“Write down examples of how you demonstrate key employability skills such as team work, leadership, and communication.(写下你如何展示关键就业能力的例子，如团队合作、领导力和沟通。)”可知，空处应是讲述要确定自己擅长的方面，D项“根据你的技能和经验，确定你擅长什么。”符合题意。故选D。
③根据后文“Go out and meet people, attend talks, go to relevant lectures, watch videos about industries and organizations, seek out websites that can give you objective and general career advice, for example, the open access Oxford university careers website.(出去与人见面，参加演讲，参加相关讲座，观看有关行业和组织的视频，寻找可以为你提供客观和一般职业建议的网站，例如开放访问的牛津大学职业网站。)”可知，后文讲述了可以为自己寻找职业建议的方法，由此可知，空处应是指出你需要一些关于职业的信息，G项“你的职业计划可能需要一些时间，因为现在你可能缺乏信息。”衔接下文。故选G。
④根据前文“Over time you can start to narrow down your choices and then choose one.(随着时间的推移，你可以开始缩小你的选择范围，然后选择一个。)”可知，前文讲述了你可以慢慢缩小选择范围直至做出选择，空处应评价这样做的作用，E项“这样，你会更加专注，从而更有可能实现你的目标。”符合题意，选项中的That way指代前文内容。故选E。
⑤根据前文“In 1804, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark set off with a compass and direction, and a general destination of mapping the new Louisiana territories in America. But they had no exact map.(1804年，梅里 瑟 刘易斯和威廉 克拉克带着指南针朝着确定的方向出发了，他们大体上的目标是绘制美国路易斯安那州新领土的地图。但他们没有准确的地图。)”和后文“Your career will be much longer but, like Lewis and Clark, it is about direction, not destination.(你的职业生涯会比这长的多，但是，就像刘易斯和克拉克一样，重要的是方向而不是目的地。)”可知，前文讲述了刘易斯和克拉克想要绘制美国路易斯安那州新领土的地图，但他们没有准确的地图，后文讲述了你的职业生涯会比这更长，由此可知，空处承上启下，应与刘易斯和克拉克花费的时间有关，B项“他们用了两年时间才成功完成考察。”符合题意。故选B。Unit 5 Poems Learning About Language——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
cinquain n.五行诗
mood n.________________
___________ v.取笑(某人); 挪揄; 逗弄
haiku n.集句
___________ n.音节
format n.格式;总体安排;(出版物的)版式 v.格式化
respectively adv. ________________
respective adj. ________________
___________ n.花朵; 花簇
___________ adj.精美的;精致的;脆弱的
await v. ________________
___________ v.旋转; 环绕;转动
utter vt.出声; 说: 讲 adj. ________________
___________ n.理解力;领悟力;理解练习
shelf n.架子;搁板
___________ n.核心; 精髓:(水果的)核儿
2. 重点短语
___________ 由……组成( 构成)
a list of.... ……的清单
at dawn ___________
be made up of 由……组成(构成)
___________ 由……组成(构成)
in a good/bad mood 心情好/不好
___________ 尤其，特别
transform...into... ___________
utter a cry 大叫一声
to one's utter amazement 令某人大感意外的是
of one's own ___________
3. 重点句型
1. It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words. (主语 + be +adj. + (for sb.) to do)
2. It was because Barrett's father was a dominant and selfish man. (because引导表语从句)
二、易错点讲解
1.This/That/It was because... 这/那是因为……
Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.
许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的英语就是标准英语,这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是极好的英语。
She felt angry. That was because her friend was interrupting her.
她很生气，那是因为她的朋友总是打断她。
拓展：
The reason why...is that....……的原因是……
This/That/It is why...这/那就是……的原因
The reason why Jack made an apology to Mary was that he misunderstood her.
杰克向玛丽道歉的原因是他误解了她。
We can't meet the deadline. That is why Mr. Lin looks worried.
我们不能在最后期限完成，那就是林先生看上去很担心的原因。
三、基础练习
1.China is widely known for its ancient civilization _________ has continued all the way through into modern times.
2.When we finally reached the service desk, we heard it _________ (announce) that there were no audio guides left.
3.Considering your health, I recommended that your schedule_________ (revise) right now.
4.The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It_________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty…
5. _________ is a pity that he didn't get the scholarship because of his poor academic performance.
6.This was the second time international sporting events_________ (broadcast) live in this remote mountain village.
7.Many new inventions_________ (exhibit) in the museum last year.
8.With homework and social activities, teenagers in high school have a_________ (tend)to stay up late and rise early.
9.If you are invited to any special occasion such as a wedding or a celebration, you will have to be_________ (appropriate) dressed.
10.They arrived at the airport only to find the flight_________ (cancel) due to the snowstorm.
四、思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
For Cruz, who grew up in Peru’s mountainous region of Cuzco, fog represents a massive opportunity. As a boy, he had to hike for more than an hour every day across rough hills to collect water from the nearest source. But over time, he realized that during the rainy season, drops of water would gather in the large leaves of banana trees. One day, he and his father built a canal system with the leaves to collect water. He moved to Lima at the age of 25.
Shocked by the water shortages and expensive water supply that some of the city’s poorest residents were suffering, Cruz set up EI Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua in 2005. The idea was to deploy the method he learned in his hometown on a larger, better-adapted scale, which would provide free, independently sourced and easily accessible water to those who needed it most. He began installing (安装) a traditional fog catcher model developed in the 1980s. The nonprofit provided the materials for free, and the community built the infrastructure (基础设施) themselves.
At the highest point of Los Tres Miradores, there is a curious set of large structures that is like a fleet of ships in the sky. They are so-called “fog catchers”. The 40 fog catchers there provide enough water for 180 families, whether to bathe, clean, drink (after being filtered at home) or to irrigate crops on small garden patches.
Supporters believe that fog catchers have the potential to improve water supply for communities around the world amid ever-challenging conditions. German researcher Lummerich says, “They are cheap, easy to construct. In a world searching for water supply systems, it is one important approach that can make an essential difference locally. It could make the difference between having water and not having water available.” There are some issues, however. For one, fog catchers require space, which is not always easy to come by in cities. At the same time, fog catchers must be properly cleaned and maintained to stay effective. Most crucially, appropriate climate conditions are required. Fog isn’t everywhere.
11.Why did Cruz set up EI Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua in 2005
A. To raise money for the poorest residents.
B. To construct the infrastructure for the city.
C. To build a canal system for his hometown.
D. To offer water to people who need it badly.
12.What does the underlined word “deploy” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. Employ. B. Abandon. C. Design. D. Explore.
13.What is the problem with fog catchers in urban areas
A. High expenses. B. Public opposition.
C. Technical faults. D. Space limitation.
14.Which of the following would be a suitable title for the text
A. A practical application of fog catchers in cities
B. The development of a climate organization
C. A creative method of improving water supply
D. The importance of infrastructure construction
2.七选五
How to Travel Sustainably in Puerto Rico
From small, farm-sourced restaurant menus to guesthouse stays, community tours and Puerto Rican cultural workshops, Puerto Rico is strengthening its sustainable tourism scene. ①________
Food trip in Old San Juan.
Sign up for a three-hour walk with Spoon Food Tours and get to know locals’ favourites for coffee, snacks and meals served at family-run businesses. The morning kicks off at Don Ruiz Coffee Shop. Try the mallorca, a kind of sweet pastry (油酥糕点), and wash it down with a cup of single origin coffee harvested from the 19th-century Ruiz plantation. ②________
Learn Afro-Puerto Rican culture in Loíza.
The seaside town of Loíza in the Pinones region, a 20-minute drive east of San Juan, is known as the heart of Afro-Puerto Rican culture. Its outdoor drawings feature Afro-boricua women in colourful headwraps and loose dresses, while the interior shines with an open stage for dancing. ③________ At the back, a boardwalk attracts hikers and bikers.
Join Local Guest’s community experiences.
④________ Founders Carmen Portela and Monica Perez’s aim is to direct visitors towards culture and nature-rich communities, in turn providing the areas with a sustainable income. Unique experiences include caving, taking a pottery workshop or kayaking Puerto Rico’s longest river. Local Guest also runs a non-profit programme, which matches small volunteer groups with a variety of established community-based ongoing restoration projects for long-term impact.
⑤________
An encouraging start from larger hotels, the new Puerto Rican owned Finca Victoria is a two-and-a-half-acre botanical farm guesthouse lying in the hills at the heart of the island. A 10-minute drive to Vieques’ beaches, this eco-conscious property provides relaxation, from its natural wooden house to its organic local farm-sourced vegetarian (素食者) breakfasts.
A. Explore the farm-to-table dining scene.
B. Stay at an organic farm on Vieques.
C. Here’s a guide to travelling Puerto Rico sustainably.
D. It isn’t just a typical dance but a heritage.
E. In-season fruit juices and desserts are also part of this food trip.
F. A women-led tour company, Local Guest offers special experiences.
G. You could not find a restaurant serving deep-fried pies filled with meat.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案：which/that
解析：考查定语从句。句意：中国以其一直延续到现代的古老文明而闻名。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词its ancient civilization，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词。故填which/that。
2.答案：announced
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们终于到达服务台时，我们听到他们宣布已经没有语音导游了。此处为hear+宾语+宾补结构，且announce与it构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填announced。
3.答案：(should) be revised
解析：recommend 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用 “(should) + 动词原形” 的形式，这里表示 “你的日程安排被修改”，要用被动语态，所以填 be revised。
4.答案：was built
解析：句意为:西安城墙是中国悠久的历史上保存最完整的城墙。它修建于唐朝,最初是为了保护这座都城……分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语;主语It指代 The Xi'an City Wall,与 build之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;根据 originally 及 the Tang dynasty可知,build 这一动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时;主语为I,谓语动词应用单数形式。故填 was built。
5.答案：It
解析：句意为:很遗憾,由于学习成绩差,他没有得到奖学金。分析句子结构可知,that引导主语从句,设空处要用It作形式主语。故填It。
6.答案：had been broadcast
解析：句意为:这是国际体育赛事第二次在这个偏远的山村进行现场直播。固定句型this was the second time (that)...意为“这是第二次……”,从句应用过去完成时,broadcast 与 international sporting events之间是被动关系,应用被动语态。故填 had been broadcast。
7.答案：were exhibited
解析：句意为:去年博物馆展出了许多新发明。根据时间状语 last year可知,此处表示过去发生的动作,应用一般过去时,且exhibit与 inventions之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态。故填 were exhibited。
8.答案：tendency
解析：句意为:因为忙于作业及社交活动,高中生有晚睡早起的趋势。设空处作 have 的宾语,其前还有冠词a修饰,应用名词单数。故填tendency。
9.答案：appropriately
解析：句意为:如果你被邀请去参加婚礼或庆典等任何特殊活动,你必须穿着得体。设空处修饰形容词dressed,应用副词。故填 appropriately。
10.答案：had been cancelled
解析：句意为:他们到达机场,却发现由于暴风雪航班被取消了。根据句意,“航班被取消”发生在“他们抵达机场”这个过去动作之前,应用过去完成时。且cancel与 find后的宾语从句主语 the flight之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态。故填 had been cancelled。
思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Shocked by the water shortages and expensive water supply that some of the city’s poorest residents were suffering, Cruz set up EI Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua in 2005.(一些城市最贫穷的居民正在遭受水资源短缺和昂贵的供水，Cruz对此感到震惊，于2005年成立了EI Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua。)”可知，Cruz建立EI Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua是为了给遭受水资源短缺的人提供水。故选D。
12.答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Shocked by the water shortages and expensive water supply that some of the city’s poorest residents were suffering, Cruz set up EI Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua in 2005. (一些城市最贫穷的居民面临着水资源短缺和昂贵的供水，Cruz感到震惊，于2005年成立了El Movimiento Peruanos sin Agua。)”和下文“He began installing (安装) a traditional fog catcher model developed in the 1980s. (他开始安装上世纪80年代开发的传统捕雾器模型。)”可知，此处讲述了Cruz产生该想法是因为被当地的水资源贫乏情况震惊，他有了想法后便着手解决该问题。由此可知，这种想法应该是将之前在家乡学到的收集水的方法“使用”到新的环境中，划线词意思应该是“使用”，与employ意思相近。故选A。
13.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“For one, fog catchers require space, which is not always easy to come by in cities. (首先，捕雾器需要空间，这在城市里并不容易找到。)”可知，在城市地区，捕雾器的问题是空间限制。故选D。
14.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文结合倒数第一段的“Supporters believe that fog catchers have the potential to improve water supply for communities around the world amid ever-challenging conditions. (支持者认为，捕雾器有潜力在日益严峻的环境下改善世界各地社区的供水。)”可知，文章主要讲述了一个成长在秘鲁山区的年轻人把在自己家乡所尝试发明的收集水的方式带到了后来搬去的一个水资源特别贫乏的地区，运用捕雾的方式解决了当地缺水的困境，给当地居民和生产都带了很多好处。在充满挑战的环境中，捕雾器有潜力改善世界各地社区的供水。由此可知，C项“一种改善供水的创造性方法”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选C。
2.七选五
答案：CEDFB
解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在波多黎各可持续地旅行。
①根据上文“From small, farm-sourced restaurant menus to guesthouse stays, community tours and Puerto Rican cultural workshops, Puerto Rico is strengthening its sustainable tourism scene.(从小型农场餐厅菜单到宾馆住宿，社区旅游和波多黎各文化研讨会，波多黎各正在加强其可持续旅游场景)”可知，上文“sustainable”和选项C中的“sustainably”相呼应，同时引出后文旅行指南的内容。故C选项“这是一份可持续旅游波多黎各的指南”符合语境，故选C。
②根据上文“Sign up for a three-hour walk with Spoon Food Tours and get to know locals’ favourites for coffee, snacks and meals served at family-run businesses. The morning kicks off at Don Ruiz Coffee Shop. Try the mallorca, a kind of sweet pastry (油酥糕点), and wash it down with a cup of single origin coffee harvested from the 19th-century Ruiz plantation.(报名参加为期三小时的Spoon Food Tours徒步旅行，了解当地人最喜欢的咖啡、小吃和家族企业提供的饭菜。早晨从Don Ruiz咖啡店开始。尝尝马略卡甜点，配上一杯19世纪鲁伊斯种植园出产的单一产地咖啡)”可知，上文介绍了食物之旅中可品尝的东西，和选项中的“In-season fruit juices and desserts”是并列说明小标题“food trip”的内容。故E选项“应季果汁和甜点也是这次美食之旅的一部分”符合语境，故选E。
③根据上文“The seaside town of Loíza in the Pinones region, a 20-minute drive east of San Juan, is known as the heart of Afro-Puerto Rican culture. Its outdoor drawings feature Afro-boricua women in colourful headwraps and loose dresses, while the interior shines with an open stage for dancing.(皮诺内斯地区的海滨小镇Loíza位于圣胡安以东20分钟车程处，被称为非裔波多黎各文化的中心。它的户外绘画以非洲博里库亚妇女为特色，她们戴着五颜六色的头巾，穿着宽松的衣服，而内部则有一个开放的跳舞舞台)”可知，本句承接上文，指出户外绘画的意义，D选项中的“it”指代上文的“dancing”。故D选项“它不仅是一种典型的舞蹈，而且是一种遗产”符合语境，故选D。
④根据后文“Founders Carmen Portela and Monica Perez’s aim is to direct visitors towards culture and nature-rich communities, in turn providing the areas with a sustainable income. Unique experiences include caving, taking a pottery workshop or kayaking Puerto Rico’s longest river. Local Guest also runs a non-profit programme, which matches small volunteer groups with a variety of established community-based ongoing restoration projects for long-term impact.(创始人Carmen Portela和Monica Perez的目标是引导游客前往文化和自然丰富的社区，从而为该地区提供可持续的收入。独特的体验包括洞穴探险、参加陶艺工作坊或在波多黎各最长的河流上划皮艇。Local Guest还运营着一个非营利性项目，该项目将小型志愿者团体与各种已建立的社区正在进行的长期影响修复项目相匹配)”可知，本句主要提及Local Guest这家公司，后文对这家公司加以介绍。故F选项“Local Guest是一家由女性领导的旅游公司，提供特别的体验”符合语境，故选F。
⑤根据本段内容“A 10-minute drive to Vieques’ beaches, this eco-conscious property provides relaxation, from its natural wooden house to its organic local farm-sourced vegetarian (素食者) breakfasts.(这家环保酒店距离别克斯岛的海滩有10分钟车程，从天然木屋到当地农场采购的有机素食早餐，为您提供放松身心的服务)”可知，待在有机农场享受放松，故B选项“住在别克斯岛的有机农场”符合语境，故选B。Unit 5 Poems Reading and Thinking——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
drama n. ___________________
sorrow n.悲伤; 悲痛; 伤心事vi.感到悲伤
imagery n.形象的描述;意象;像
literary adj. ___________________
rhyme n.押韵词;押韵的短诗v.(使)押韵
rhythm n. ___________________
nursery adj.幼儿教育的n.托儿所:保育室
folk adj. ___________________
mockingbird n. 嘲鸫(美洲鸣禽，能模仿别种鸟的鸣叫)
diamond n.钻石;金刚石: 菱形
brass n.黄铜; 黄铜制品; 铜管乐器
bull n.公牛
recite v. ___________________
2. 重点短语
distinctive characteristic ___________________
economical use of words 简练的
nursery rhyme 童谣; 儿歌
vivid language 生动的语言
literary devices ___________________
express oneself ___________________
nursery rhyme 童谣;儿歌
folk songs 民歌
folk tales 民间故事
to the point ___________________
off/beside the point ___________________
make sense ___________________
3. 重点句型
1.There are various reasons why people compose poetry. (why 引导的定语从句)
2. Many children enjoy nursery rhymes because they rhyme, have a strong rhythm, and often repeat the same words. (because引导原因状语从句)
3. The poems may not make sense and even seem contradictory, but they are easy to learn and recite. (主语+be+adj.(+for sb.)+不定式)
二、易错点讲解
1.现在分词短语作状语
现在分词短语作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果或伴随情况等。有时为了强调,分词前会加 when, while, if, unless, once, though, evenif, as if等连词一起作状语。
(1)时间状语(相当于时间状语从句)
Undergoing so much hardship in the war, Jimmy became stronger.
吉米在战争中经受了如此多的苦难,变得更加坚强。
(2)原因状语(相当于原因状语从句)
Being ill, she didn't go to school as usual today.
因为生病,她今天没像往常一样去上学。
(3)条件状语(相当于条件状语从句)
Turning right, you will find the circus you want.
向右转,你会找到你想要找的马戏团。
(4)让步状语(相当于让步状语从句)
Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damages.
尽管知道了这一切,他们还是让我赔偿损失。
(5)结果状语
The mother died, leaving a lot of money for her children.
那位母亲去世了，给她的孩子们留下了一大笔钱。
(6)伴随状语
The dog stood in front of the door, barking at us fiercely.
那只狗站在门前,凶狠地朝着我们叫。
三、基础练习
1.The famous basketball player died in January, which left his fans all over the world __________ great sorrow.
2. __________ the study suggests, hugs, __________ can help us get away from negative feelings, are of great benefit for us.
3.The English Cultural Festival, __________ theme is the western festivals, is scheduled to be held on the school playground next Saturday.
4.It was a loaded question and I __________ (prefer) not to comment back then.
5.Susan repeated three important points in her speech, __________(stress) what makes a good speaker.
6. __________(devote) herself to her work, Tu Youyou made a lot of achievements.
7.Simon __________(decorate) his room with pictures of all his favourite sports figures when he was young.
8. __________(attach) to the email is a copy of document bearing her signature.
9.The director of Jurassic Park made special sound effects by drawing __________(inspire) from the sounds of different animals.
10.Usually, in a report the results of a research should __________ (summary) at the end of the last chapter.
四、思维拓展
1.阅读理解
African elephants are Earth’s largest land animals. They are very intelligent and highly social. A recent study says that numbers of African elephants sharply decreased over about fifty years. The researchers described their work as the most comprehensive (全面的) study of the two African elephant species-the savanna elephant and forest elephant. The study used data gathered at 475 areas in 37 countries from 1964 through 2016.
It found that savanna elephant populations fell by about 70 percent on average and forest elephant populations dropped by about 90 percent on average. The researchers mainly blame the drop on illegal hunting. However, the report also says populations of each species increased in other places because of wildlife protection programs.
“A lot of the lost populations won’t come back, and many low-density populations face continued pressures. We likely will lose more populations going forward,” said George Wittemyer. He is a Colorado State University professor who works with the conservation group Save the Elephants.
Illegal hunting of animals is also called poaching. Elephant poachers usually kill the animals in order to remove their tusks (象牙). These prized objects are then sold on illegal markets, driven mostly by demand in Asia.
Poaching has mostly affected forest elephants. Its population is estimated (预估) to be about one-third that of savanna elephants. Poaching has been especially damaging populations in northern and eastern Africa, such as Mali, Chad and Nigeria. But, in southern Africa, elephant populations rose at 42 percent of the studied areas.
“We have seen real success in a number of places across Africa, but particularly in southern Africa, with strong growth in populations in Botswana, Zimbabwe and Namibia,” Wittemyer said. He credited protection efforts by governments and independent organizations for the growth.
The study did not provide a continent-wide population count. Instead, it estimates population trends (趋势) in each of the studied areas. Wittemyer said, “While the trends are not good, it is important to recognize the successes we have had and continue to have. Knowing how and where we can be successful in protecting elephants is as important as recognizing the seriousness of the drop they have experienced.”
11.What is the main factor in the reduction in the number of two African elephant species
A. Legal hunting. B. Profit-driven killing.
C. Climate change. D. Government measures.
12.How is paragraph 5 mainly developed
A. By making comparisons. B. By explaining reasons.
C. By describing a process. D. By giving a definition.
13.What is the purpose of the study on African elephants
A. To count the exact population of elephants across Africa.
B. To find solutions to increase elephant populations globally.
C. To know trends in elephant populations in different regions.
D. To explore the effects of elephant tusks on the environment.
14.What can we infer from Wittemyer’s words
A. Lost elephant populations will recover soon.
B. The protection programs need to be abandoned.
C. It is key to learn from successful protection efforts.
D. Elephant protection has no effect on population trends.
2. 七选五
In today's fast - paced and stressful world, resilience(适应力) is an invaluable human skill. ①_________ Making room for more laughter in daily life is also one of the greatest secrets to building resilience at any age. Here are four simple ways people can cultivate(培养) humor when things are stressful :
Spend time with positive people. ②_________ Angry, sarcastic or critical people do not develop healthy humor or resilience. When we're stressed, we often lose our sense of humor, which is exactly when we need it the most. Develop your sense of humor by surrounding yourself with positive people, finding humor in everyday situations, and not taking yourself too seriously.
Reshape the challenge into a game. You probably can ' t refuse everything that causes you stress. ③_________ That ' s when you can try to reshape them . This might mean you turn them into a game or make them more fun. If there ' s a way to gamify or gain some perspective(观点) on what ' s stressing you out, do it .
Search for humor. Humor has a way of breaking the challenging power of intensely difficult situations. ④_________ When we laugh, we release endorphins, which are natural painkillers that also help us feel more relaxed. Develop your sense of humor by looking for the funny side of things, even in difficult situations.
⑤_________ This is the opposite of self - mockery(自嘲) for the approval of others. People who engage in positive, and self - improving humor can cheer themselves up by thinking about positive or funny events and experiences.
A. Get out there and play.
B. Learn to laugh at yourself.
C. Laughter is a natural stress reliever.
D. Exploring and creating can be a meaningful experience.
E. You are an adult and there are certain things you have to do.
F. Thankfully, healthy resilience is not just about building mental strength.
G. Feeling free to laugh in stressful situations largely depends upon the people around us.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案：in
解析：句意为:那位著名的篮球运动员在1月去世了,这使全世界的球迷都沉浸在巨大的悲痛之中。in great sorrow为固定搭配,意为“极度悲痛地”。故填in。
2.答案：As; which
解析：句意为:正如研究表明,拥抱可以帮助我们摆脱消极情绪,对我们大有裨益。the study suggests是非限制性定语从句,置于句首,意为“正如研究表明”,应用 As引导;can help us get away from negative feelings是非限制性定语从句,关系词代指hugs,在定语从句中作主语,指物,应用关系代词which引导。
3.答案：whose
解析：这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 “The English Cultural Festival”，与 “theme” 之间是所属关系，即 “文化节的主题”，所以用关系代词 “whose” 引导。
4.答案：preferred
解析：根据 “back then”(当时)可知，句子用一般过去时，“prefer” 的过去式是 “preferred”。
5.答案：stressing
解析：考查动词时态。句意:西蒙用他小时候最喜欢的体育人物的照片装饰他的房间。此处为主句的谓语动词，结合时间状语when he was young可知，此处使用一般现在时，与主语之间为主动关系，动词使用过去式形式。故填decorated。
6.答案：Devoting
解析：考查现在分词。句意:苏珊在她的演讲中重复了三个要点，强调怎样才能成为一个好的演讲者。此处为非谓语动词作状语，stress与逻辑主语Susan之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填stressing。
7.答案：decorated
解析：考查动词时态。句意:西蒙用他小时候最喜欢的体育人物的照片装饰他的房间。此处为主句的谓语动词，结合时间状语when he was young可知，此处使用一般现在时，与主语之间为主动关系，动词使用过去式形式。故填decorated。
8.答案：Attached
解析：考查固定短语。句意:邮件附件是一份有她签名的文件副本。此处为短语be attached to表示“附在...上，附属于”，本句为分词置于句首的倒装结构，首字母大写。故填Attached。
9.答案：inspiration
解析：考查名词。句意:《侏罗纪公园》的导演从不同动物的声音中汲取灵感，制作了特殊的音效。此处为名词作drawing的宾语，inspire的名词为inspiration意为“灵感”为不可数名词。故填inspiration。
10.答案：be summarised/be summarized
解析：考查语态。句意:通常，在一份报告中，研究结果应该在最后一章的末尾进行总结。should头句子的谓语动词，summary的动词为summarise/summarize,主话the results of a research和动词summarise/summarize是被动关系，应用be summarised /summarized与should构成含有情态动词的被动语态，故填be summarised/summarized。
思维拓展
1.阅读理解
11.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The researchers mainly blame the drop on illegal hunting. (研究人员主要将数量下降归咎于非法狩猎。)以及第四段中“Illegal hunting of animals is also called poaching. Elephant poachers usually kill the animals in order to remove their tusks (象牙). These prized objects are then sold on illegal markets, driven mostly by demand in Asia. (非法猎杀动物也被称为偷猎。大象偷猎者通常为了获取象牙而猎杀大象。这些珍贵物品随后在非法市场上出售，主要是受亚洲需求驱使。)”可知，两个非洲象物种数量减少的主要因素是以盈利为目的的捕杀。故选B项。
12.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Poaching has mostly affected forest elephants. Its population is estimated (预估) to be about one-third that of savanna elephants. Poaching has been especially damaging populations in northern and eastern Africa, such as Mali, Chad and Nigeria. But, in southern Africa, elephant populations rose at 42 percent of the studied areas. (偷猎对森林大象的影响最大。其数量估计约为草原大象的三分之一。偷猎对北非和东非的大象种群造成了特别严重的破坏，如马里、乍得和尼日利亚。但是，在非洲南部，42%的研究区域大象数量有所增加。)”可知，本段通过对比非洲北部、东部和南部大象数量的不同变化来说明偷猎对非洲大象种群的影响，因此第五段主要是通过对比来展开论述的。故选A项。
13.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The study did not provide a continent-wide population count. Instead, it estimates population trends (趋势) in each of the studied areas. (该研究没有提供整个非洲大陆的大象数量。相反，它估计了每个研究区域的大象种群趋势。)”可知，对非洲大象进行研究的目的是了解不同地区大象种群的趋势。故选C项。
14.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While the trends are not good, it is important to recognize the successes we have had and continue to have. Knowing how and where we can be successful in protecting elephants is as important as recognizing the seriousness of the drop they have experienced. (尽管趋势并不乐观，但认识到我们过去和现在所取得的成功是很重要的。了解我们如何以及在何处能够成功保护大象，与认识到它们所经历的数量下降的严重性同样重要。)”可知，Wittemyer认为我们要从成功的保护工作中吸取经验，故可推断出从Wittemyer的话中我们可以得出要吸取成功的保护工作经验这一结论。故选C项。
2. 七选五
答案：FGECB
解析：①根据上文“In today's fast -paced and stressful world, resilience(适应力)is an invaluable human skill."(在今天这个快节奏和充满压力的世界里，适应力是一项无价的人类技能。)引出话题，提到适应力。下文“Making room for more laughter in daily life is also one of the greatest secrets to building resilience at any age.”(在日常生活中为笑声腾出空间也是在任何年龄建立适应力的最大秘诀之一。)可知，空格处应与适应力的培养有关。结合选项F项Thankfully, healthy resilience is not just about building mental strength.(值得庆幸的是，健康的适应力不仅仅是建立精神力量。)符合语境，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
②根据该段标题“Spend time with positive people.”(花时间和积极的人在一起。)以及下文“Develop your sense of humor by surrounding yourself with positive people, finding humor in everyday situations, and not taking yourself too seriously."(和积极的人在一起培养你的幽默感，在日常生活中寻找幽默，不要把自己太当回事。)可知，该段主要讲的是与周围的人影响有关。结合选项G项Feeling free to laugh in stressful situations largely depends upon the people around us.(在有压力的情况下是否能笑很大程度上取决于我们周围的人。)可知，和该段主旨意思一致，符合语境。故选G项。
③根据上文“You probably can't refuse everything that causes you stress."(你可能无法拒绝所有给你带来压力的事情。)由此可知，空格处应与无法拒绝的压力相关。结合选项E项You are an adult and there are certain things you have to do.(你是成年人了，有些事你必须要做。)可知，承接上文内容，为对上文内容的语意递进，上下文紧密连接。故选E项。
④根据下文“When we laugh, we release endorphins, which are natural painkillers that also help us feel more relaxed."(当我们笑的时候，我们会释放内啡肽，这是一种天然的止痛药，也能帮助我们感到更放松。)可知，讲的是笑的时候，我们会释放内啡肽，帮助我们感到更放松。由此可知，空格处内容应与笑的作用相关。结合选项C项Laughter is a natural stress reliever.(笑是一种天然的压力缓解剂。)可知，和下文内容紧密连接，下文为对空格处的语意递进，符合语境。故选C项。
⑤由该题为段落小标题可知，为总结该段内容。该段下文“This is the opposite of self - mockery(自嘲)for the approval of others. People who engage in positive, and self - improving humor can cheer themselves up by thinking about positive or funny events and experiences."(这是为了得到别人的认可而自嘲的相反。从事积极的、自我提升的幽默的人可以通过思考积极的或有趣的事件和经历来使自己振作起来。)可知，主要讲的是关于自嘲的内容。结合选项B项Learn to laugh at yourself.(学会自嘲。)可知，和该段意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选B项。
