Unit 3 Environmental Protection Reading and Thinking——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
graph n.图;图表; 曲线图
emission n. ___________________
melt v. ___________________
starve v. ___________________
seal n.海豹
ecology n. ___________________
release v.& n. ___________________
methane n. ___________________
carbon n.碳
dioxide n.二氧化物
habitable adj. ___________________
sustain v. ___________________
sustainable adj. ___________________
fossil n.化石
fuel n. ___________________
comprehensive adj. ___________________
2. 重点短语
There is little/no doubt that... ___________________
There is some doubt about...... ___________________
sb. has some doubt about.... ___________________
starve to death ___________________
starve for..... ___________________
be starved of/for...... 缺乏......
be starving ___________________
suffer from starvation 遭受饥饿
release sb. from...... ___________________
a good way of releasing stress 释放压力的好方法
on general release ___________________
sustain relationship with sb. ___________________
sustainable economic growth ___________________
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
fossil fuel 化石燃料
3. 重点句型
1. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). (that引导同位语从句)
2.In 2023, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway's Arctic Island of Svalbard. (that引导定语从句)
3. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. (过去分词短语作后置定语)
二、易错点讲解
1. There is little/no doubt that… 毫无疑问……
There is little doubt that the results are entirely consistent with our earlier research.
毫无疑问,这些结果与我们早些时候的研究完全吻合。
There is no doubt that she's very modest about her success.
毫无疑问,她对自己的成功非常谦虚。
拓展：
There is some doubt about...对……有些疑问。
sb. has some doubt about... 某人对……有些疑问
提示：
(1) doubt (vt.) +that 引导的宾语从句(否定句或疑问句中)
doubt (vt.)+whether/if 引导的宾语从句(肯定句中)
(2) doubt (n.)+that 引导的同位语从句(否定或疑问句中)
doubt (n.)+whether 引导的同位语从句(肯定中)
We don't doubt that he can do a good job.
我们不怀疑他能做得很好。
2. There is evidence that... 有证据表明……
There's strong evidence that too much dessert is bad for your teeth.
有充分的证据表明,吃太多甜食对牙齿不好。
提示：
evidence 是不可数名词。本句型中常用来修饰 evidence 的词有:some/good/clear/strong 一些/充分的/明显的/有力的。
There is clear evidence that smoking causes heart disease.
有明显证据表明吸烟导致心脏病。
拓展：
It is evident that...很明显……
It was evident that the chef was going to lose his temper.
很明显,厨师要发脾气了。
三、基础练习
1.Three sides will cooperate with each other to promote the long-term, stable and _________ (sustain) development of new energy commercial vehicles.
2.Many polar bears starved _________ death as a result of a lack of sea ice that they use as a platform for hunting seals.
3.Air quality has been improved thanks to the wide promotion of clean energy and reduction in the _________ (emit) of waste gas.
4.The reporter said that the World Golf Championships to be held in Shanghai _________ (broadcast) live on TV.
5.Mary asked me _________ I had taken part in Anne's party the night before.
6.The British policeman has several nicknames, but the most _________ (frequent) used are “copper” and “bobby”.
7.According to a report _________ (release) by an environmental research group, of the three billion people who live in cities now, about one billion live in unplanned settlements.
8.At times the balance in nature is disturbed, resulting _________ a number of possibly unforeseen effects.
9.At the last moment , the police officer seized the thief _________ the arm.
10.He arrives at school early every day and volunteers to help others, _________ (make) his teacher extremely satisfied.
四、思维拓展
1.阅读理解
Scientists have been studying Antarctica for over a century, but details as basic as what it looks like beneath the ice have largely remained a mystery. Now, news reports say that a team of scientists from Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, and the UK has published the most detailed data yet on the continent's subglacial topography (冰川下的地形) near the South Pole.
As they report in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, central Antarctica is home to three large canyons (峡谷), one of which is deeper than the Grand Canyon and nearly as wide at some points. The researchers made the discovery by flying a plane with radar over the South Pole, a spot that isn't covered by satellites. They expected to find mountains beneath the ice sheets, but the wide canyons they found between the mountains came as a surprise.
Of the three canyons, two hadn't been documented previously. The largest, the Foundation Trough, measures 218 miles long, up to 22 miles wide, and 6,260 feet deep, putting it up there with the planet's most impressive canyons.
The discoveries are significant on their own, but the real purpose behind the research is to better understand how the West and East Antarctic ice sheets will react to rising temperatures. Human-caused climate change has made some of the continent's ice not firm, and the West Antarctic ice sheets especially have been slowly melting into the sea. If patterns continue, the coastal glaciers supporting the large ice sheets could fall down, causing sea level to rise a minimum of 10 feet. If this happens, the canyons could be a major factor in the speed and direction of ice flow from central Antaretica to the coast.
The event isn't likely to happen in the near future, but further studies of Antarctica's topography will allow scientists to better predict when it might happen.
11.What have scientists known little according to Paragraph 1
A. The shape of Antarctica ice. B. The condition of Antarctica ice.
C. The Grand Canyon. D. The part beneath the Antarctica ice.
12.Which of the following is found by a plane with radar
A. The Grand Canyon. B. The mountains.
C. Three large canyons. D. Ice sheets.
13.How do the scientists feel about finding the wide canyons
A. Unexpected. B. Interesting. C. Ridiculous. D. Common.
14.What's the aim of the study
A.To document the three canyons.
B.To find out how large the three canyons are.
C. To know how ice sheets react to rising temperatures.
D. To show the importance of the three canyons.
2. 七选五
Cultivating good practices and integrating them into your daily routine can make you a far more dynamic, efficient, and productive writer. In fact, making a few small adjustments can make all the difference.
Write Every Day
Try to write every day without fail. ① _____ Depending on your schedule and other commitments, an hour a day five or six days a week would be a good starting point. If your time is especially limited, try to organize your thoughts and develop an idea of what you want to write beforehand so it saves “thinking” time when the opportunity comes to sit down at the computer.
② _____
This means filing away everything you write in a logical order so you can easily find it again later, and regularly backing up your files to avoid losing anything. Make to-do lists so you don’t forget anything important, prioritize time-sensitive projects, and keep detailed records of everything you submit.
Create Clear Goals
③ _____ Put forward a strategy that will give you the best chance of getting there. One inescapable commitment is word count. You should always aim to work smarter, not harder, but as a writer, you won’t get very far if you don’t write.
Read Widely
Try to set aside a reading period — half an hour immediately before you go to sleep, for example — and stick to it. Don’t just read your favorite types, but read everything you can get your hands on. Study the various techniques and styles you come across. ④ _____ You can learn just as much from bad writing as you can from good writing.
Keep Records
Life is happening all around you, so document as much of it as you can. You never know when inspiration will strike. While a great many writers still prefer the old “pen and notepad” approach, you can just easily write notes using an app on your smartphone or even email them to yourself. When you have an idea for a story, write it down immediately. ⑤ _____
A.Be Organized
B.Submit Files on Time
C.It doesn’t even have to be for long.
D.Don’t trust yourself to remember it later.
E.Make notes about what works and what doesn’t.
F.Think seriously about what you want to accomplish.
G.Good writing begins with a deep understanding of your subject.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案： sustainable
解析：句意为:三方将彼此合作,共同推进新能源商用车产业长期、稳定和可持续发展。根据设空处前的long-term和stable以及设空处后的名词development可知,设空处应用形容词形式,表示“可持续的”。故填sustainable。
2.答案：to
解析：句意为:许多北极熊因为缺少海冰而饿死,而海冰是它们猎捕海豹的平台。starve to death 意为“饿死”。故填to。
3.答案：emission
解析：句意为:由于清洁能源的广泛推广和废气排放的减少,空气质量已得到改善。分析句子结构可知,设空处作介词in的宾语,且被定冠词the和空后的of waste gas修饰,应用名词形式,表示“排放”。故填emission。
4.答案：would be broadcast
解析：句意为:记者报道称,在上海举行的世界高尔夫球锦标赛将在电视上现场直播。此处是宾语从句的谓语动词,由said和to be held可知应用过去将来时,且broadcast与从句主语之间是被动关系,所以此处应用would be broadcast。
5.答案：whether/if
解析：句意为:玛丽问我前一天晚上是否参加了安妮的聚会。根据语境可知,此处表示“是否”,应用whether/if引导宾语从句。
6.答案： frequently
解析：句意为:英国警察有一些外号,但是人们最常使用的是“copper”和“bobby”。设空处修饰动词used(被使用的),所以应用其副词形式。
7.答案：released
解析：句意为:根据一个环境研究小组发布的报告,现在生活在城市里的30亿人中,大约有10亿生活在未经规划的定居点。分析句子结构可知,句子的主干是about one billion live in unplanned settlements,句中已有谓语动词live,设空处须填非谓语动词作后置定语,a report和release之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词。故填released。
8.答案：in
解析：句意为:有时候自然平衡会被扰乱,导致许多可能难以预见的后果。根据语境可知,此处意为“导致;造成”,应用result in。故填in。
9.答案：by
解析：考查介词。“seize sb. by the+身体部位”意为“抓住某人的某个部位”。
10.答案：making
解析：考查现在分词。句意:他每天都早早到校并且自告奋勇帮助其他人,这使他的老师极其满意。句中已有谓语动词,此处应用非谓语动词的一种形式,结合句意可知此处表示自然而然的结果,应用现在分词。故填making。
思维拓展
1.阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Scientists have been studying Antarctica for over a century, but details as basic as 'what it looks like beneath the ice have largely remained a mystery,可知,科学家对南极冰下是什么样的知之甚少。故选D项。
12.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的As they report in the journal Geophysical Research Letters, central Antarctica is home to three large canyons... The researchers made the discovery by flying a plane with radar over the South Pole可知,带雷达的飞机发现了位于南极中部的三个大峡谷。故选C项。
13.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的They expected to find mountains beneath the ice sheets, but the wide canyons they found between the mountains came as a surprise.可推知,大峡谷的发现让科学家感到意外。故选A项。
14.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的The discoveries are significant on their own, but the real purpose behind the research is to better understand how the West and East Antarctic ice sheets will react to rising temperatures.可知,这项研究的真正目的是了解南极冰盖会对上升的气温作出怎样的反应。故选C项。
2. 七选五
答案：CAFED
解析：①上文提到“Try to write every day without fail.(尽量每天都要写作)”,强调了每天写作的重要性;C选项“It doesn't even have to be for long.(甚至不需要很长时。)”进一步说明,即使每天写作的时间不长,也是有益的,与上文形成补充,鼓励人们即使时间有限也要坚持写作,符合语境。故选C。
②此空为段落标题。根据下文"This means filing away everything you write in a logical order so you can easily find it again later, and regularly backing up your files to avoid losing anything.(这意味着你要把你写的所有东西都按逻辑顺序归档,这样你以后就能很容易地再次找到它们,并定期备份你的文件以避免丢失任何东西)”可知,本段主要讲的是要保持写作内容的条理性,A选项“Be Organized(有条理)”能够准确概括本段大意,适合作为段落标题。故选A。
③下文“Put forward a strategy that will give you the best chance of getting there.(提出一个能给你最大成功机会的策略)”提到了要制定策略来实现目标,F选项“Think seriously about what you want to accomplish.(认真思考你想实现什么目标)”则强调了设定明确目标的重要性,是提出策略的前提,符合题意。故选F。
④上文“Study the various techniques and styles you come across.(研究你遇到的各种技巧和风格)”提到要学习不同的写作技巧和风格;E选项“Make notes about what works and what doesn’t.(记录下哪些有效,哪些无效)”则进一步说明,在学习过程中要做笔记,总结经验和教训,符合语境。故选E。
⑤上文“When you have an idea for a story, write it down immediately.(当你有了一个故事的想法时,立即写下来)”强调了有灵感时要立即记录;D选项“Don't trust yourself to remember it later.(不要指望自己以后能记住)”则是对上文的补充,提醒人们不要依赖记忆力,要立即行动,符合题意。故选D。Unit 3 Environmental Protection Learning About Language——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
policy n. __________________
footprint n.足迹;( 某物所占的 ) 空间量;面积
restrict v. __________________
restriction n. __________________
seize v. __________________
basin n.流域;盆地;盆
penguin n.企鹅
reform v. __________________ n.改革;变革;改良
undergo v. __________________
implement v. __________________
harmonious adj.和谐的
moderate adj. __________________ v.缓和;使适中
submit v. __________________
annual adj.每年的;一年的n.年刊;年鉴
tropical adj.热带的; 来自热带的
chaos n. __________________
2. 重点短语
live in harmony with... __________________
raise the awareness of... 唤醒……的意识
protect...from... __________________
be covered with 被……覆盖
be crowded with __________________
turn of 关掉
die out __________________
tear down __________________
save energy 节约能源
get damaged 遭到破坏
3. 重点句型
1. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. (不定式短语作宾语)
2. We as individuals can also reduce our "carbon footprint" by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. (定语从句，关系代词 that/which 因在从中作produce的宾语而被省略了)
二、易错点讲解
1. be responsible for 对……负责;是……的原因
This cleaner is also responsible for keeping the surrounding streets clean.
这个清洁工还负责保持周围街道的清洁。
I side with those who hold the view that human activity is not responsible for all water shortage.
我支持那些认为人类活动并不是所有缺水的原因的人。
拓展：
responsibility n.责任;职责
have responsibility for (doing) sth. 有(做)某事的责任
It's one's responsibility to do sth. 某人有责任做某事。
take responsibility for(doing)sth. 承担(做)某事的责任
a sense of responsibility 责任感
Our brand is damaged but no one wants to take responsibility for it.
我们的品牌受损了，却没有人愿意为此负责。
2. sensitive
adj. 敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的;易被惹恼的
be sensitive to... 对……敏感/过敏/体贴
be sensitive about 对……神经过敏
Alice is sensitive to criticism, so you'd better not criticise her before the whole class.
艾丽丝对批评很敏感，所以你最好不要在全班同学面前批评她。
The nerve in this tooth is exposed, so it is sensitive to cold food.
这颗牙的神经暴露着,所以它对冷食很敏感。
She is very sensitive to other people's feelings.
她很能体谅他人的感受。
三、基础练习
1.The officer told The New York Times that over 4,000 smokers _________(fine) since the law came into effect in October.
2.The government carried out a safety _________ (inspect) of the building.
3.I asked the teacher whether Gauss _________ (be) born in 1777, but he made no answer.
4.It is generally believed _________ human activities have led to global warming.
5.Everyone assumed I _________ (make) a large amount of money and that this was one of many things I spent the money on.
6.The layout of the whole garden expresses the _________ (harmony) manner between water and mountains.
7.He told me there _________ (be) a basketball match that afternoon and asked if I wanted to watch it.
8.Some students may feel a growing sense of fear with the exam season _________ (approach) while others may appear fairly calm.
9.The government took steps to give those who explore the resources of the sea an interest in their _________ (conserve).
10.The fire burns up dozens _________homes before villagers are able to put it out.
四、思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
HABITAT CONSERVATION TEAM
Join us in preserving the breathtaking beauty of our local ecosystems by participating in the Habitat Conservation Team's volunteer program. We are dedicated to the conservation of our region's diverse plants and animals, from the thick forests to the peaceful wetlands. Our mission is to safeguard the habitats of native species and ensure a thriving environment for all.
GROUP INVOLVEMENT
For groups exceeding five members, we kindly ask you to make prior arrangements. Please consult our List of Conservation Projects and submit the GroupVolunteer Form to secure your spot in our upcoming events.
PARTICIPATION DETAILS
We welcome volunteers aged 10 and above. For those under 15, please familiarize yourself with our Youth Policy Guidelines. Ensure you bring a signed Volunteer Agreement Form, with parental approval for those under 18.
Our working will be continuous regardless of the weather. Dress in clothes that can withstand dirt and bring weather-appropriate layers, including a raincoat if the forecast calls for it.
Remember to bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and a packed lunch.
No prior experience is required as we provide training and necessary tools. Your participation will contribute towards fulfilling community service hours.
UPCOMING ACTIVITIES
Date & Time Address
Sunday, Feb.5 10:00am-1:00pm Tomales Point Hollyhead
Sunday, Feb.1210:00am-2:30pm Muir Beach Parking Area
Sunday, Feb.19 9:30am-2:30pm Rodeo Beach Hollyhead
Joining us, you become an integral part of our conservation family, contributing to the preservation of our natural heritage for future generations. Let's work together to ensure a sustainable future for our planet.
11.What is the aim of the Habitat Conservation Team
A.To discover new species.
B.To do biological research.
C.To build conservation regions.
D.To protect the local ecosystem.
12.For the volunteer under 18, what is required in application
A.His parents' agreement.
B.Pre-training before activities.
C.Necessary working experience.
D.Fulfilling community service.
13.How often is the activity held
A.Every other month. B.Every month.
C.Every other week. D.Every week.
2.七选五
Meeting minutes are the official summary of what happened during a meeting. They serve as an outline, a written record for anyone unable to attend, and to use for future reference. ① _______ So how to write meeting minutes Here are the basics you should follow.
Be concise (简明的).
② _______ As the minutes taker, your job is to document what is happening at the meeting. This is a written record that covers just the main points. You don’t need an exact accounting of everything that is said.
Just note the facts.
Avoid personal observations when writing meeting minutes. If you want to take separate notes of your own, you are welcome to do so. ③ _______ Some of this is boring information to keep track of: meeting names, date and time, action items and decisions made. But later on, those meeting notes may contain essential information to keep everyone on the same page about what happened during that meeting.
④ _______
With meeting minutes, it’s important to write down who attended the meeting, but also who didn’t, so there is no confusion about who may have discussed or voted on an issue.
Use a template (模版) for the right format.
If you’re writing formal meeting minutes, follow a certain format. For trade unions, schools, city and county governments, and others, you may need to follow Robert’s Rules of Order. While writing informal meeting minutes, you have more flexibility. Think of what your organization needs, and what’s been done in the past. ⑤ _______
A.Note who is unable to attend.
B.Then improve on that process.
C.Don’t include personal thoughts or observations.
D.Your creative writing skills must take a back seat.
E.But the meeting minutes should be a factual record of what was discussed.
F.These notes typically highlight the key issues that were discussed at the meeting.
G.When written well, meeting minutes are a critical communication tool for your organization.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案：had been fined
解析：句意为:这名警官告诉《纽约时报》,自十月份该法律生效以来,已有超过4,000名吸烟者被罚款。设空处是宾语从句的谓语动词,fine与over 4,000 smokers之间是被动关系,由主句中的told可知,此处表示发生在“过去的过去”的动作,应用过去完成时的被动语态。
2.答案： inspection
解析：句意为:政府对这座建筑进行了一次安全检查。设空处作carried out的宾语,应用名词,此处意为“检查”,且空前有a修饰,应用名词单数,故填inspection。
3.答案：was
解析：间接引语中有具体的过去时间,时态不用变成过去完成时,仍用一般过去时。
4.答案： that
解析：句意为:人们普遍认为人类活动导致了全球变暖。It is believed that...意为“人们认为……”。故填that。
5.答案：had made
解析：因为主句谓语assumed是一般过去时,make a large amount of money发生在过去的过去,所以用过去完成时。
6.答案： harmonious
解析：句意为:整个园林的布局体现了山水之间的和谐。设空处修饰名词manner,应用形容词。故填harmonious。conservation句意为:政府采取措施让那些探索海洋资源的人对保护海洋资源感兴趣。设空处作宾语,且其前有their修饰,应用名词。
7.答案： would be
解析：根据下文“想要去看比赛”可知,足球比赛还没举行,要用将来时;再考虑主句的时态为一般过去时,故宾语从句须遵循时态一致的原则,用过去将来时。
8.答案：approaching
解析：句意为:在考试季临近时,有些学生可能会有越来越强的恐惧感,而有些人可能会表现得相当镇定。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构,动词approach和宾语exam season之间为逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词作宾补。故填approaching。
9.答案：conservation
解析：句意为“(对自然环境的)保护”,为不可数名词,故填conservation。
10.答案：of
解析：句意为:在村民们扑灭大火之前,大火就烧毁了许多住所。dozens of意为“许多”。故填of。
思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
11.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。由本文第一段中的最后一句话Our mission is to safeguard the habitats of native species and ensure a thriving environment for all.(我们的使命是保护本地物种的栖息地,确保所有物种的生存环境。)可知,栖息地保护小组的目标是保护当地的生态系统。故选D。
12.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。由本文PARTICIPATION DETAILS部分中的最后一句话Ensure you bring a signed Volunteer Agreement Form, with parental approval for those under 18.(确保带上签署的志愿者协议表,18岁以下志愿者须有父母的批准。)可知,18岁以下的志愿者在申请时需要父母的同意。故选A。
13.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。由本文UPCOMING ACTIVITIES部分提供的日期信息Sunday, Feb.5, Sunday, Feb.12,Sunday, Feb:19 (2月5日,2月12日,2月19日星期8),可知,活动是每周举行一次。故选D。
2.七选五
答案：GDEAB
解析：①根据空格前“Meeting minutes are the official summary of what happened during a meeting. They serve as an outline, a written record for anyone unable to attend, and to use for future reference.”(会议纪要是会议期间所发生事情的官方总结。它们作为一个大纲,为任何无法参加会议的人提供书面记录,并供将来参考。)可知,空处应继续阐述会议纪要的重要性,结合选项,G.写得好的话,会议纪要对您的组织来说是一种关键的沟通工具。符合语境,故填G。
②根据小标题“Be concise(简明的).”以及空格后 “As the minutes taker, your job is to document what is happening at the meeting. This is a written record that covers just the main points. You don't need an exact accounting of everything that is said.”(作为会议记录员,你的工作是记录会议上正在发生的事情。这是一份只涵盖主要要点的书面记录。你不需要对所说的每一件事都进行精确记录。)可知,空处应强调在记录会议纪要时不需要发挥创造性写作技能,结合选项,D.你的创造性写作技能必须退居其次。符合语境,故填D。
③根据小标题 “Just note the facts.(注意事实。)”以及空格前“Avoid personal observations when writing meeting minutes. If you want to take separate notes of your own, you are welcome to do so.”(写会议纪要时避免个人观点。如果你想做自己的单独笔记,你可以这样做。)可知,空处应说明会议纪要应是对讨论内容的事实记录,结合选项,E.但会议纪要应该是对讨论内容的事实记录。符合语境,故填E。
④根据空格后“With meeting minutes, it's important to write down who attended the meeting, but also who didn't, so there is no confusion about who may have discussed or voted on an issue.”(在会议纪要中,写下谁参加了会议很重要,但也要写下谁没有参加,这样就不会对谁可能讨论或投票了某个问题产生混淆。)可知,此段主要讲要记录未参会人员,结合选项,A.记录谁无法参加。符合语境,故填A。
⑤根据小标题“Use a template for the right format.(使用正确格式的模板。)”以及空格前"While writing informal meeting minutes, you have more flexibility. Think of what your organization needs, and what's been done in the past.”(在写非正式会议纪要时,你有更多的灵活性。考虑一下你的组织需要什么,以及过去是怎么做的。)可知,空处应说明在过去做法的基础上进行改进,结合选项,B.然后改进这个过程。符合语境,故填B。Unit 3 Environmental Protection Using Language——高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册课前导学
一、课前预习
1. 重点词汇
nuclear adj. ________________
sensitive adj. ________________
jungle n.丛林;密林
smog n.烟雾
originate v. ________________
volume n.量; 体积；一卷
garbage n.垃报:废物
enterprise n.公司;企业;事业
restore v. ________________
conservation n.保护，保持
dozen n. ________________
regulation n. ________________
disposal n.去掉: 清除;处理
inspection n.检查: 查看; 视察
fine v. ________________
campaign n.运动;战役v. ________________
waterway n.水道，航道
tolerate v. ________________
agenda n. ________________
2. 重点短语
surrounding scenery ________________
domestic and foreign visitors 国内外游客
dozens of ________________
have negative effects on... ________________
water quality 水质
suffer from ________________
contribute to ________________
restore...to... ________________
take urgent steps to do sth. 采取紧急措施做某事
be concerned that... ________________
as well as ________________
address the issues 处理问题
fine...for (doing) sth. ________________
carry out inspections 进行检查
garbage disposal methods 垃圾处理方法
3. 重点句型
1. This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with it. (定语从句)
2.Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river. (“代词 +of+关系代词”引导的非限制定语从句)
3. Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river. (with复合结构)
二、易错点讲解
1. with 复合结构
with+宾语+宾补
常在句中作状语,表示原因方式时间条件或伴随等。
(1) with+宾语+形容词
We lay in bed with the window open, chewing gum.
我们开着窗躺在床上,嚼着口香糖。
(2) with+宾语+副词
She went out to buy vinegar, with the television on.
她出去买醋了,开着电视机。
(3) with+宾语+现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)
I was nearly frozen with the freezing wind blowing.
寒风吹得我几乎冻僵了。
(4) with+宾语+过去分词(表示被动或已经完成)
With massive amounts of data handled by the computer, my work is not tiring.
由于计算机处理了大量的数据,所以我的工作并不累人。
(5) with+宾语+动词不定式(表示尚未发生)
With dozens of Christmas gifts to purchase, I will go to the shop this afternoon.
有许多圣诞礼物要买，今天下午我要去商店。
(6) with+宾语+介词短语
My mother stood in the river, with a plastic basin in her hand.
我妈妈站在河里,手里拿着一个塑料盆。
三、基础练习
1.Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful ___________(conserve) programs ever initiated.
2. ___________ is believed that the splendid castle made of stone was built in the 16th century.
3.What is most significant is the way in which people live in harmony ___________ nature.
4.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ___________ it used to charge.
5.Ordinary soap, ___________(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
6.Mr Green was very famous when he lived there. There is bound ___________(be) someone in this district who remembers him.
7.Curious and ___________(astonish), I rushed out of my dormitory when I heard the noise of explosion.
8.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ___________(follow) them.
9.The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally engaged in _________(academy) life.
10.It is important for us to have a __________(nutrition) breakfast, for if can keep us full of energy in the morning.
四、思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
We often work to save the most charismatic(有超凡魅力的) species in the world. Is it time to think beyond pandas and tigers
Take a good look at the American burying beetle. Today it is assessed as critically endangered. Like the tiger, the beetle is decreasing in number. The tiger is an instantly recognisable symbol of species conservation, but most people aren't familiar with the beetle.
This phenomenon is called the domination of flagship species—charismatic creatures such as tigers organisations use to increase support and funding for conservation. That's largely because humans are attracted to large-bodied animals with forward-facing eyes and human-like traits that make such species more relatable. As a result, many less well-known organisms fail to get the support and funding to ensure their survival even though they play an important role in the ecosystem.
Which species could be saved They may not charm us with fuzzy paws and puppy dog eyes, but many ignored species deserve some love. The world needs to better recognise the contributions of these underdogs rather than "only spending money on cool species," says University of Kent conservationist Bob Smith.
I suspect that most of us who care about creatures could agree on this: Charisma is in the eye of the beholder. In that case, can't we broaden the list of species considered popular and even beautiful Smith says we can—and there's a name for them: Cinderella species. These are mostly threatened species that are still very popular with the public yet are typically overlooked as flagships. Smith is convinced that "less well-known and less popular species can still be good flagships with more marketing effort".
In a recent study, Smith settled another myth about poster animals that they don't help publicize the world's most species-rich and threatened places. A prioritization (优先次序) model Smith created showed that hot spots of the most important conservation worldwide also are home to more than 500 flagship and Cinderella species, and that drawing more attention to Cinderella species could boost funding and public campaigns for habitat protection.
Let's be clear, though: It's still OK to root for pandas and tigers. "The reason I got into conservation is that I liked these species," Smith says. "That is fair enough. But it's our job as conservationists to try to inspire people to love other species too."
11.According to the passage, why are people unfamiliar with the American burying beetle
A. It is critically endangered. B. It is decreasing in number.
C. It is not a flagship species. D. It is not instantly recognisable.
12.What can we learn from the passage
A. Cinderella species have made threatened species well-known.
B. Cinderella species are popular but ignored as endangered animals.
C. Flagship species have raised enough funds for endangered organisms.
D. Flagship species and Cinderella species usually live in the same areas.
13.What does the underlined phrase “root for” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Take control of. B. Get close to. C. Show support for. D. Check up on.
14.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. It's Time to Study Cinderella Species
B. Who Should Decide Which Species to Save
C. Do Flagship Species Help or Hurt Conservation
D. Conservation Can't Just Be a Popularity Contest
2.七选五
How to stop technology addiction
Research suggests that at least 64% of people now spend up to four hours daily of spare time in front of a screen. Just as TV watching has been linked to higher chances of being fat and getting diseases, this extra sedentary(久坐不动的) time is bad news for our health. ①_________
Choose outdoor activities over technology
When you’re at home, make it a rule that you can’t be online if the sun is shining. ②_________ Then, after taking these healthy physical activities, you can take out your phone or laptop, or take a seat at the computer. This rule should be fit for everyone in your family.
Limit social media use
According to some experts, the effect of technology on human relationships is worrying as technology has become a substitute for face-to-face human relationships. And social networks have changed computer and mobile use for people of all ages. ③_________Avoid aimless browsing(浏览) and give your time online a purpose: research holidays or catch up on the news of the day. Then log off. ④_________
Challenge yourself to read at least 30 pages of a great book before you check your computer or mobile phone. Pick the right reading material and you’ll soon find you’ve discovered an enjoyable pastime.
Create projects for yourself
It’s amazing how much you can achieve when you’re not glued to(全神贯注地看) a screen. ⑤_________ Some suggestions are organizing the book shelf and cleaning your bedroom. Then try to do one each evening.
A. Set aside reading time
B. Choose the suitable reading materials
C. Make a list of one-hour evening projects.
D. Here are some ways to stop technology addiction.
E. Whether it’s Wechat or QQ, limit the time online.
F. The following are some ways to make better use of leisure time.
G. Instead, you have to go for a walk, ride a bike, or swim at least an hour.
答案以及解析
基础练习
1.答案：conservation
解析：考查名词。句意:“联邦鸭票计划”被称为发起过的最成功的保护计划之一,这并不奇怪。设空处与前面的the most successful一起作定语修饰名词programs,表示“最成功的保护计划”,此处应用名词修饰名词。故填conservation。Little wonder...为It's little wonder (that)...的省略形式,意为“……不足为奇/并不奇怪”。
2.答案：It
解析：考查it作形式主语。句意:人们认为这座华丽的石头城堡建于16世纪。It is believed that...意为“人们认为……”,其中It作形式主语,that引导的从句作真正的主语。故填It。
3.答案：with
解析：考查介词。句意:最重要的是人们与自然和谐相处的方式。live in harmony with...与……和谐相处。故填with。
4.答案： what
解析：句意为:我们选择该旅店是因为这里住宿一晚的价格降到了20美元,是过去要价的一半。此处half of _____ it used to charge是$20的同位语, _____ it used to charge是宾语从句,从句中charge缺少宾语,故填what。
5.答案：used
解析：句中"_____ correctly"为条件状语, use与其逻辑主语"Ordinary soap"之间为动宾关系, 需用过去分词。
6.答案：to be
解析：句意为: 格林先生住在那里的时候非常有名, 这个地区一定有人记得他。be bound to be 意为 “一定会有; 一定是”。故填 to be。
7.答案：astonished
解析：句意为: 当我听到爆炸声时, 我感到又好奇又惊讶, 并冲出了宿舍。此处表示 “感到惊讶的”, 应用-ed 结尾的形容词,故填 astonished 。
8.答案：following
解析：考查with 复合结构。分析句子结构可知,follow与 their pet dog之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用动词-ing形式作宾补。
9.答案：academic
解析：句意为:从大学中受益最多的学生是那些全身心投入学术生活的人。设空处作定语,修饰life,表示“学术的”,应用形容词形式。故填academic。
10.答案：nutritious
解析：考查词形转换。句意:对我们来说,吃一顿营养丰富的早餐是重要的,因为它能使我们在早晨充满活力。分析句子结构可知,空处作定语修饰breakfast,故用形容词。nutritious"有营养的"。
思维拓展
1. 阅读理解
11.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句和第三段第一句中的This phenomenon is called the domination of flagship species可知,美国埋葬虫不被人们所熟知是因为它不是旗舰物种,故选C项。
12.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的These are mostly threatened species that are still very popular with the public yet are typically overlooked as flagships.可知,Cinderella species(未受到关注的物种)是受欢迎的物种,但也是被忽视的旗舰物种,故选B项。
13.答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。由画线部分前的It's still OK以及后文的But it’s our job as conservationists to try to inspire people to love other species too.可知,作者呼吁人们除了支持熊猫和老虎,也要爱护、支持其他物种。由此可知,画线部分意为“支持”。故选C项。
14.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容,尤其是第四段中的The world needs to better recognise the contributions of these underdogs rather than “only spending money on cool species,”...可知,作者在文章中多处提到一些物种的保护不被重视是因为它们不是旗舰物种并希望这种现状可以被改变,D项(保护不能仅仅是人气竞赛)符合文章主题,故选D项。
2.七选五
答案：DGEAC
解析：①D.推理判断题。根据前句Research suggests that at least 64%of people now spend up to four hours daily of spare time in front of a screen. Just as TV watching has been linked to higher chances of being fat and getting diseases, this extra sedentary(久坐不动的)time is bad news for our health表示"研究表明，至少64%的人现在每天在屏幕前花费多达四个小时的空闲时间。正如看电视会增加肥胖和患病的几率一样，这种额外的久坐不动的状态对我们的健康是个坏消息",以及后文介绍的方法，可知表示"以下是一些阻止科技产品成瘾的方法"的选项D可以起到承上启下的作用，故选D。
②细节理解题。根据后句Then, after taking these healthy physical activities, you can take out your phone or laptop, or take a seat at the computer表示"然后，在进行这些健康的体育活动后，你可以拿出手机或笔记本电脑，或者坐在电脑前",可知表示"相反，你至少要去散步、骑自行车或游泳一个小时"的选项G符合前后的语境，these healthy physical activities和go for a walk, ride a bike, or swim是关联词，故选G。
③推理判断题。根据后句Avoid aimless browsing(浏览) and give your time online a purpose: research holidays or catch up on the news of the day表示"避免无目的浏览，给你的上网时间一个目的：研究假期或关注当天的新闻",可知表示"无论是微信还是QQ,都要限制上网时间"的选项E符合前后介绍限制上网的语境，故选E。
④主旨判断题。根据后句Challenge yourself to read at least 30 pages of a great book before you check your computer or mobile phone Pick the right reading material and you'll soon find you've discovered an enjoyable pastime表示"在浏览电脑或手机之前，让自己阅读一本好书至少30页。选择正确的阅读材料，你很快就会发现自己找到了一种令人愉快的消遣方式",可知表示"留出阅读时间“的选项A符合本段的主题，Challenge yourself to read和Set aside reading time是关联词，故选A。
⑤细节理解题。根据后句Some suggestions are organizing the book shelf and cleaning your bedroom. Then try to do one each evening表示”一些建议是整理书架和打扫卧室。然后试着每天晚上做一次",可知表示"列出一个小时的晚间项目清单"的选项C符合前后的语境，organizing the book shelf and cleaning your bedroom和one-hour evening projects是关联词，故选C。
