阅读理解细节理解题公开课 课件（共53张）-2025届高三英语二轮复习
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| 名称 | 阅读理解细节理解题公开课 课件（共53张）-2025届高三英语二轮复习 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-03-26 14:40:53 | ||
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(共53张PPT)
题干定位巧比对——全取细节理解题
班级学情:
1.从头读到尾，占用时间长
2. 题干关键词确定不准确
3. 文章关键句定位不准确
4. 易受干扰项迷惑，误选错误答案
Teaching goals:
After this class, you’re able to:
1.have a good command of scanning扫读 and skimming略读; locate the key words in the questions and passages quickly and accurately
2. master the characteristics of the correct chioce and distinguish the wrong choice correctly
一、细节理解题的分类、设问方式与选项特征
细节理解题
直接信息题:正确选项不仅在原文中可直接找到，而且措辞也与原文一模一样（原词替换）.
间接信息题:正确选项不能在文中直接找到，而是对原文的同义/近义/反义/派生的转述
数字计算题:涉及年龄、价格、时间、数量等具体数字，要求考生在文中找到数据并进行对比、简单计算或推断的题
细节排序题:对文中所列举的事实、事项、事件等按照时间、空间或逻辑顺序进行恰当的排序。
综合信息题:正确选项是对原文两个或多个信息点的高度概括
1．常见设问方式
(1)特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many 等疑问词引出问题。这是最常见的设问形式。
(2)以“According to ...”开头的提问形式。
(3)就文中数字、时间、年龄和排序等提问。
(4)填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from ________.
2．正确选项特征
原词复现 选项中的某个单词或短语与原文完全一致
同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换
语言简化 把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达
3．干扰选项特征
细节理解题的干扰选项特征
扩缩范围 与文章细节范围不一致，题干范围要么过大要么过小
无中生有 明显与文章内容不符或没有提及
偷梁换柱 符合常识，但不是文章内容
张冠李戴/ 答非所问 是文章细节，但不符合题干要求或不是要点
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误
返回
解题步骤
先题后文
题干有明确关键词
题干范围大
如：What can we learn about...from the...paragraph(s)？What do...and...have in common？
What similar...do...and...have？/ what is special about ... 等
题干关键词法
选项关键词反定位法
“带着问题找答案”先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。
2024全国1卷A：
21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team
22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
23. What are the volunteers expected to do
2024全国2卷A：
21. Which walk takes the shortest time
22. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do
23. What do the four walks have in common
请根据题干判断解题方法：
题干关键词：专有名词----题干关键词法
题干关键词：年龄--数字----题干关键词法
题干关键词：句子主干----题干关键词法
题干关键词：时间--数字----题干关键词法
题干关键词：专有名词----题干关键词法
题干关键词范围大：选项反定位法
（2024·新高考卷I阅读理解A篇）
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.
(2024·新课标Ⅰ，A片段)
Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge.We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的) plant removal，winter planting，and seed collection.Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
21.What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team ？
A.To discover mineral resources. B.To develop new wildlife parks.
C.To protect the local ecosystem. D.To conduct biological research.
[3]对比选项和关键句，看是否有换词，添词，漏词并对语意造成影响
典例剖析
[2]原文关键词＝题干关键词
关键句
[1]题干关键词：专有名词
[3]对比选项和关键句，得出答案：,由关键句可知，Habitat Restoration Team的目的是恢复生态资源、保护濒危物种。对比选项可知C项正确。
C
语言简化/概述
22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.
B
同义转换
23. What are the volunteers expected to do
A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.
题干关键词范围大：选项反定位法
B
语言简化/同义转换
题文同序原则
（2024·新高考卷II阅读理解A篇） Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1-The Natural World
With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09: 00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2-Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09: 00
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch(手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18: 30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4-Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11: 45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
21. Which walk takes the shortest time
A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking.
C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
Walk 1-The Natural World
.......
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2-Introduction to Hillwalking
.......
Walk Duration: 5 hours
Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars
.......
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4-Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
.......
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
D
整合推算
21. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do
A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club.
C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide.
Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch(手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18: 30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
题干关键词范围大：选项反定位法
A
同义替换/正话反说
21. What do the four walks have in common
A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers.
C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend.
题干关键词范围大：选项反定位法
Walk 1-The Natural World
......
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09: 00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2-Introduction to Hillwalking
......
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09: 00
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
hours
Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars
......
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18: 30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4-Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
......
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11: 45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5
D
综合概括
二、拔高练习----归纳解题技巧
3．干扰选项特征
细节理解题的干扰选项特征
扩缩范围 与文章细节范围不一致，题干范围要么过大要么过小
无中生有 明显与文章内容不符或没有提及
偷梁换柱 符合常识，但不是文章内容
张冠李戴/ 答非所问 是文章细节，但不符合题干要求或不是要点
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误
返回
练习一：(2018·全国Ⅲ，A)
Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens
Visitor Information
How to Get to Holker
By Car：Follow brown signs on A590 from J36，M6. Approximate travel times：Windermere—20 minutes，Kendal—25 minutes，Lancaster—45 minutes，Manchester—1 hour 30 minutes.
21.How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester
A.20 minutes. B.25 minutes.
C.45 minutes. D.90 minutes.
综合计算
D
拓展练习：At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6000 people at present
A. about 6800 B.about 3400 C.about 2400 D.about 1200
B
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free of charge； for free 免费
练习二： (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C节选)
Specifically，it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud，BMF is remotely monitored. Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time．Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil，the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest，users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
29．What information does the convenient app offer
A． Real-time weather changes.
B． Current condition of the plants.
C． Chemical pollutants in the soil.
D． Availability of pre-seeded pods.
A:正误参半
C:无中生有
D:张冠李戴
B
解题技法一：仔细审题，明确设问范围
错题回顾：
During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of
elementary school
A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.
C
解题技法一：仔细审题，明确设问范围
练习三：(2024·浙江1月卷阅读D节选)
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world，and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value —a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories，we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.(Para. 3)
33．According to paragraph 3，there is a mismatch between ________．
A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
this 出现代词看上句
C
A:无中生有
B:无中生有
D:张冠李戴
解题技法二：特别关注逻辑词（转折或因果），精读简化长难句
转折：but; however; nevertheless; whereas; yet; while
on the contrary; on the other hand
因果：“因为/由于”-- because (of); since; as; due to; owing to; on account of
“因此/结果”--therefore; thus; hence; consequently; as a result; so; for this reason; accordingly
But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories，we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
译文：但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样。之所以我们这么多人难以抵抗明知不该吃的诱人食物，这种错配是核心原因。
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world，and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value —a feeling of reward and satisfaction.
译文：我们之所以会受到甜食的诱惑，是因为我们的祖先生活在一个卡路里匮乏的世界里，我们的大脑对这些甜食形成了一种反应机制，反映了它们的价值 —— 一种奖励和满足感。
错题回顾：Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to – regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible
A. Computers are much easier to operate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
前因后果
C
解题技法二：特别关注逻辑词（转折或因果），精读简化长难句
练习四：(2024·浙江1月卷·C篇节选)
On September 7，1991，the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs. As a result，since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals晶体 fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
28．What does the project aim to do
A．Conserve moisture in the soil. B．Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D．Investigate chemical use in farming.
解题技法三：打开思路巧解题，增加词汇来助力
A:无中生有
B
C:正误参半
D:无中生有
Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals晶体 fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.
seed v.在（地里）播种；（喻）使萌芽，使发展；用晶粒物质使冷凝（结晶）（尤指促云化雨）
译文：飞机在有威胁的风暴细胞中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。
本课总结
解先题题步后骤文
题干有明确关键词
题干范围大
题干关键词法
选项关键词反定位法
带着问题找答案；一找二定三比对
三大技巧
题文同序原则
解题技法一：仔细审题，明确设问范围
解题技法二：特别关注转折词，精读简化长难句
解题技法三：打开思路巧解题，增加词汇来助力
正确选项特征
原词复现
同义替换
语言简化
正话反说
干扰选项特征
扩缩范围
无中生有
偷梁换柱
张冠李戴/
答非所问
正误参半
三、巩固练习----学以致用
完成学案
细节理解题
细节理解题
【2025八省联考A】
East Yorkshire Attractions
Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum
The Balk, Pocklington YO42 2QF
Tel: 01759 307125
The gardens are beautifully laid out with two lakes, which are home to a vast collection of fish. We also have Stewart Museum, a children's playground, a book & gift shop, and tearooms. Sunday band concerts and events are available throughout the year.
Open: 10: 00 am to 5: 30 pm
Prices: Adults 4. 65, Seniors 3. 95, Children 2. 50
Goole Museum
Carlisle Street, Goole DN14 5DS
Tel: 01405 768963
The museum explores the colourful history of the town and port of Goole, with plenty of hands-on exhibits for younger visitors. The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art. craft（工艺） and local history exhibitions which changes every month.
Open: 10: 00 am to 5: 00 pm
Admission Free
Sledmere House
Sledmere. Driffield YO25 3XG
Tel: 01377 236637
Sledmere House is one of Yorkshire's most attractive houses. We have an award-winning garden, a military museum, a children's play area, and a café & gift shop. Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons.
Open: 11: 30 am to 3: 30 pm
Prices: Adults 8. 00, Seniors 6. 00, Children 3. 00
Bridlington Bird & Animal Park
Bridlington, East Yorkshire YO15 3QF
Tel: 01262673653
The family-run park is set in a wonderful woodland environment. It offers daily shows of pig racing. We also have a range of birds and other animals to offer a fun-filled day out for families.
Open: 10: 00 am to 5: 00 pm
Prices: Adults 4. 50, Seniors 4. 00, Children 3. 50
21. Which attraction hosts temporary exhibitions
A. Goole Museum. B. Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum.
C. Sledmere House. D. Bridlington Bird & Animal Park.
22. What can tourists do at Sledmere House
A. Feed a wide range of animals.
B. Watch a band concert on Sunday.
C. Explore the history of the town.
D. Enjoy organ music on Thursday.
23. What is the ticket price for children at Bridlington Bird & Animal Park
A. 2. 50. B. 3. 00. C. 3. 50. D. 4. 00.
A
D
C
本课结束 ！
【2025八省联考C】
Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city – in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community. At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense （稠密） and exciting urban environments. She prefers disorder to order, walking to driving, and diversity to uniformity.
For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials. The best judges of how a city should be - and how it should develop - are the local residents themselves. Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions.
Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks. The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better.
Diversity and mixed-use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form. The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people's interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused.
Finally, urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live, work, and interact. Such high-density spaces are, she feels, engines of creativity and vitality. They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”: shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood.
28. What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community
A. Efficient public transport. B. Strong interaction between people.
C. Uniform style of buildings. D. A comparatively large population.
29. Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development
A. Local residents. B. Government officials.
C. City planners. D. Construction workers.
30. How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built
A. Lined with plants. B. Painted with clear signs.
C. Tightly connected. D. Convenient for the old.
31. According to Jacobs, the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of _______.
A. pride B. comfort C. security D. urgency
B
A
C
C
【2025八省联考D】
Want to learn a new language or get A's in college exams Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert （转换） new information into long-term memory. A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.
Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning.
Participants – 72 healthy male and female adults – were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning. After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two-thirds of them also exercised. Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test. The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested.
Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI （磁共振成像） machines to assess their brain activity. The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately. Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned.
According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying. But why That's one question the researchers have yet to answer. Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning. I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning.
32. What did the new study aim to explore
A. When exercise is best for learning. B. What biochemicals are good for health.
C. How brainwaves should be measured. D. Which area of the brain is the most active.
33. What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment
A. Train on bicycles. B. Do mathematics exercises.
C. Play computer games. D. Watch films about nature.
34. Why did the participants return to the lab two days later
A. To do a medical examination. B. To have their memory tested.
C. To get their workouts recorded. D. To finish their previous tasks.
35. What might the author's marathon running prove
A. The findings of the study are reliable. B. Long-distance runners are often smart.
C. Studies on the marathon are not enough. D. Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain.
A
D
B
D
【2024·江西南昌高三三模】
In the field of marine (海洋的) conservation, there exists a true hero of the seas whose story of preserving our oceans is nothing short of inspiration. Dr Lisa Anderson, a marine biologist, has devoted her life to protecting our underwater ecosystems and the countless species that call them home.
Growing up near the coast, Dr Anderson's childhood was filled with visits to the beach and she established a profound connection to the sea. She always had a passion for marine life and a deep curiosity about the creatures beneath the waves. She said, “As a kid, I used to dream about the ocean. It was this wild place full of colour and life and home to these fantastic creatures. I pictured big sharks ruling the food chain and saw graceful sea turtles dancing across coral reefs. But the first time I truly went underwater, I was about 10 years old. And I can still vividly remember I was instantly surrounded by fish in all colours of the rainbow. That was the day I fell in love with the ocean.” It's no surprise that she pursued a career in marine biology.
Dr Anderson's extraordinary work has spanned decades, from conducting vital research on endangered coral reefs to leading educational initiatives about marine conservation. Her tireless efforts have led to the creation of marine protected areas that ensure the safety of critical habitats for countless species. “In my 40 years on this planet, I've had the great honour to explore some of its most incredible seascapes for the
Save Our Seas Foundation,” she said.
One of Dr Anderson's most notable accomplishments is her work in raising awareness of the destructive effects of plastic pollution in our oceans. Her research on plastic waste and its impact on marine life has stimulated global initiatives to reduce plastic consumption and increase recycling.
Dr Anderson's dedication to marine conservation serves as a light for our oceans and their future. Her work reminds us that by protecting our seas, we not only preserve incredible biodiversity but also secure a healthier planet for generations to come.
1.What sparked Dr Anderson's interest in marine biology
A.Her curiosity about marine life. B.Her passion for global ecosystems.
C.Her visits to the beach as a scientist. D.Her profound connection to childhood.
2.What significant issue has Dr Anderson devoted her life to
A.Plastic pollution. B.Biology species. C.Ocean waste. D.Marine protection.
3.How has Dr Anderson contributed to the fight against plastic pollution
A.She promoted the speed of making plastic recycled.
B.She ensured the safety of the use of plastic products.
C.She invented a new kind of recycled plastic material.
D.She raised global awareness and conducted research.
4.What can be learned from the last paragraph
A.Reducing plastic consumption is a light for our oceans.
B.Dr Anderson's dedication inspires people to become scientists.
C.Protecting our seas ensures a healthier planet for the future.
D.Preserving biodiversity is a must for new generations.
A
D
D
C
【2025广东省莞佛联考高三大联考 D】
DNile crocodiles are uniquely sensitive to the cries of painful primate (灵长类) babies, according to a new study — and the more anxious the cry, the more interested they become. To make the find, Nicolas Grimault, a scientist at the University of Lyon, and his colleagues visited a zoo in Morocco, which houses more than 300 Nile crocodiles. The researchers set up loudspeakers alongside four ponds where, at each, as many as 25 crocodiles sunbathed on red rocks. The speakers played a series of cries expressing varying levels of pain from primate babies. The cries were recorded in different situations to find out which aspects of the voices interest the crocs most.
Many of the crocs, male and female, responded to the cries by suddenly turning their heads, seeking out the source of the sound, rapidly approaching the loudspeaker and sometimes even biting it. One individual even showed protective behavior by positioning in front of the speaker as if to defend it from others. Interestingly, their response depended on the characteristics of the cries they heard: crocs were more likely to react to recordings with acoustic (声音的) features closely related to very upset babies, such as sudden changes and disharmony in frequency, smoothness and tones.
When the researchers asked human volunteers, all of whom had experience with human babies, to listen to the same recorded cries and estimate the level of pain, the participants used different features than the crocs did to evaluate the sounds, basing their decisions largely on the pitch of the cries — how high or low a sound is. But it varies among individuals and across species. That makes it less reliable and accurate than the alternative acoustic clues picked up on by crocodiles.
The findings of the study raise the possibility that emotion may be communicated across species lines in more ways than scientists thought. As Grimault puts it, “If crocs can do it, probably many other animals can do it, too.”
12. Why are the cries collected from different situations played
A. To discover which crocodiles are smart. B.To identify what appeals to crocodiles.
B. To develop how to protect crocodiles. D.To record when crocodiles interact.
13. How do most of the crocodiles respond to baby’ cries
A. Guarding the speakers. B. Sunbathing on the rocks.
B. Attacking other crocodiles. D. Moving towards the sound.
14. Which of the following belongs to “alternative acoustic clues” in paragraph 3
A. The volume of sound. B.The source of the cries.
C. The evenness of tone. D.The pitch of the voice.
15. Which statement would Grimault probably agree with
A. Humans are sensitive to voices of other species.
B. Emotions may be shared beyond species borders.
C. Crocs tend to be friendly to babies of any species.
D. Cross-species communication is an unfading skill.
B
D
C
B
四、事件排序题
事件排序题的试题设置一般是对文中所列举的事实、事项、事件等按照时间、空间或逻辑顺序进行恰当的排序。要特别注意材料中表示顺序的词语，如：first, second, third, last, later, finally, then, next, after, before, to start, afterwards等。常用首尾定位法。
排序题：
It was the homecoming parade in Rockwall，Texas，and cheerleader Tyra Winters，was riding on the top of one of the school’s floats(彩车).As it slowly made its way down the wide road，the 17-year-old enthusiastically waved at the crowd，all the while soaking in the music，laughter，and applause.
All of a sudden，a horrific scream sounded.Looking down，Winters saw a two-year-old on the sidewalk gasping for air，and his extremely worried mother begging for help.The boy，Clarke Hornback had been sucking on a piece of candy when it slid down the back of his mouth，lodging in his throat and blocking his windpipe.
“I see a little bright red face and his mom’s begging，‘Someone help me，someone help me.’”Winters told KTVT.
“There was no coughing；there was no breathing，”Clarke’s mother，Nicole Hornback，later told news station NBCDFW.“He was just gasping for air.No one seemed to know how to help.”
Except for Winters.A senior with dreams of becoming a pediatric surgeon，she had learned the Heimlich maneuver and CPR.Knowing that the clock was ticking，she leaped off the moving float and ran to the child.
By the time she got to Clarke，his face had turned purple.“I got him！” she yelled to Nicole as she grabbed the boy from her.“I tilted him and gave a good three back thrusts，” she told the local CBS station.
Soon，the boy coughed up the piece of candy，gasped，and began breathing again.Without another word，Winters handed Clarke back to his mother and ran back to her float before it could leave her behind.
It all happened so fast that Nicole never had time to thank the teen.Winters’ heroic actions left Nicole speechless.“I don’t really have any words，”she said.“The words that you would say to anyone who does something for you are ‘thank you’.But that doesn’t seem good enough.”
5.Which of the following is the correct order of the events
a.The boy coughed up the piece of candy，gasped，and began breathing again.
b.Winters leaped off the moving float and ran to the child.
c.Winters was riding on the top of one of the school’s floats.
d.Winters tilted the boy and gave a good three back thrusts.
e.The boy，Clarke Hornback，had been sucking on a piece of candy，blocking his windpipe.
A.c—a—d—b—e B.c—e—b—d—a
C.b—d—a—c—e D.a—e—d—c—b
排序题：
It was the homecoming parade in Rockwall，Texas，and cheerleader Tyra Winters，was riding on the top of one of the school’s floats(彩车).As it slowly made its way down the wide road，the 17-year-old enthusiastically waved at the crowd，all the while soaking in the music，laughter，and applause.
All of a sudden，a horrific scream sounded.Looking down，Winters saw a two-year-old on the sidewalk gasping for air，and his extremely worried mother begging for help.The boy，Clarke Hornback had been sucking on a piece of candy when it slid down the back of his mouth，lodging in his throat and blocking his windpipe.
“I see a little bright red face and his mom’s begging，‘Someone help me，someone help me.’”Winters told KTVT.
“There was no coughing；there was no breathing，”Clarke’s mother，Nicole Hornback，later told news station NBCDFW.“He was just gasping for air.No one seemed to know how to help.”
Except for Winters.A senior with dreams of becoming a pediatric surgeon，she had learned the Heimlich maneuver and CPR.Knowing that the clock was ticking，she leaped off the moving float and ran to the child.
By the time she got to Clarke，his face had turned purple.“I got him！” she yelled to Nicole as she grabbed the boy from her.“I tilted him and gave a good three back thrusts，” she told the local CBS station.
Soon，the boy coughed up the piece of candy，gasped，and began breathing again.Without another word，Winters handed Clarke back to his mother and ran back to her float before it could leave her behind.
It all happened so fast that Nicole never had time to thank the teen.Winters’ heroic actions left Nicole speechless.“I don’t really have any words，”she said.“The words that you would say to anyone who does something for you are ‘thank you’.But that doesn’t seem good enough.”
c. Winters was riding on the top of one of the school’s floats.
首
a.The boy coughed up the piece of candy，gasped，and began breathing again.
尾
A.c—a—d—b—e B.c—e—b—d—a
C.b—d—a—c—e D.a—e—d—c—b
B
4.What does the underlined word “lodging” mean in Paragraph 2
A.Stuck. B.Caught. C.Slid. D.Found.
5.Which of the following is the correct order of the events
a.The boy coughed up the piece of candy，gasped，and began breathing again.
b.Winters leaped off the moving float and ran to the child.
c.Winters was riding on the top of one of the school’s floats.
d.Winters tilted the boy and gave a good three back thrusts.
e.The boy，Clarke Hornback，had been sucking on a piece of candy，blocking his windpipe.
A.c—a—d—b—e B.c—e—b—d—a
C.b—d—a—c—e D.a—e—d—c—b
6.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.It happened so fast that Nicole had no time to thank the teen.
B.Nicole didn’t want to say anything about the incident.
C.Nicole was grateful for Winters’ heroic actions.
D.It is always good to learn more knowledge.
7.What kind of person do you think Winters is
A.Helpful. B.Mean. C.Organized. D.Determined.
A
B
C
A
（2017年高考英语全国I卷D篇）
A build-it-yourself solar still ( 蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. ...
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher's productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone (圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
1.Which of the following is the correct order of constructing a working solar still
a. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole
b.Weight the sheet's center down with a rock.
c. Lay the tube in place.
d.Dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep;
e. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
A.c—a—d—b—e B.d—e—b—c—a
C.d—a—c—e—b D.a—e—d—c—b
eight the sheet's center down with a rock
C
本课结束 ！
题干定位巧比对——全取细节理解题
班级学情:
1.从头读到尾，占用时间长
2. 题干关键词确定不准确
3. 文章关键句定位不准确
4. 易受干扰项迷惑，误选错误答案
Teaching goals:
After this class, you’re able to:
1.have a good command of scanning扫读 and skimming略读; locate the key words in the questions and passages quickly and accurately
2. master the characteristics of the correct chioce and distinguish the wrong choice correctly
一、细节理解题的分类、设问方式与选项特征
细节理解题
直接信息题:正确选项不仅在原文中可直接找到，而且措辞也与原文一模一样（原词替换）.
间接信息题:正确选项不能在文中直接找到，而是对原文的同义/近义/反义/派生的转述
数字计算题:涉及年龄、价格、时间、数量等具体数字，要求考生在文中找到数据并进行对比、简单计算或推断的题
细节排序题:对文中所列举的事实、事项、事件等按照时间、空间或逻辑顺序进行恰当的排序。
综合信息题:正确选项是对原文两个或多个信息点的高度概括
1．常见设问方式
(1)特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many 等疑问词引出问题。这是最常见的设问形式。
(2)以“According to ...”开头的提问形式。
(3)就文中数字、时间、年龄和排序等提问。
(4)填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from ________.
2．正确选项特征
原词复现 选项中的某个单词或短语与原文完全一致
同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换
语言简化 把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达
3．干扰选项特征
细节理解题的干扰选项特征
扩缩范围 与文章细节范围不一致，题干范围要么过大要么过小
无中生有 明显与文章内容不符或没有提及
偷梁换柱 符合常识，但不是文章内容
张冠李戴/ 答非所问 是文章细节，但不符合题干要求或不是要点
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误
返回
解题步骤
先题后文
题干有明确关键词
题干范围大
如：What can we learn about...from the...paragraph(s)？What do...and...have in common？
What similar...do...and...have？/ what is special about ... 等
题干关键词法
选项关键词反定位法
“带着问题找答案”先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。
2024全国1卷A：
21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team
22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
23. What are the volunteers expected to do
2024全国2卷A：
21. Which walk takes the shortest time
22. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do
23. What do the four walks have in common
请根据题干判断解题方法：
题干关键词：专有名词----题干关键词法
题干关键词：年龄--数字----题干关键词法
题干关键词：句子主干----题干关键词法
题干关键词：时间--数字----题干关键词法
题干关键词：专有名词----题干关键词法
题干关键词范围大：选项反定位法
（2024·新高考卷I阅读理解A篇）
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.
(2024·新课标Ⅰ，A片段)
Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge.We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive(侵入的) plant removal，winter planting，and seed collection.Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
21.What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team ？
A.To discover mineral resources. B.To develop new wildlife parks.
C.To protect the local ecosystem. D.To conduct biological research.
[3]对比选项和关键句，看是否有换词，添词，漏词并对语意造成影响
典例剖析
[2]原文关键词＝题干关键词
关键句
[1]题干关键词：专有名词
[3]对比选项和关键句，得出答案：,由关键句可知，Habitat Restoration Team的目的是恢复生态资源、保护濒危物种。对比选项可知C项正确。
C
语言简化/概述
22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.
B
同义转换
23. What are the volunteers expected to do
A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.
题干关键词范围大：选项反定位法
B
语言简化/同义转换
题文同序原则
（2024·新高考卷II阅读理解A篇） Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1-The Natural World
With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09: 00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2-Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09: 00
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch(手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18: 30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4-Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11: 45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
21. Which walk takes the shortest time
A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking.
C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
Walk 1-The Natural World
.......
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2-Introduction to Hillwalking
.......
Walk Duration: 5 hours
Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars
.......
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4-Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
.......
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
D
整合推算
21. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do
A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club.
C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide.
Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch(手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18: 30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
题干关键词范围大：选项反定位法
A
同义替换/正话反说
21. What do the four walks have in common
A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers.
C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend.
题干关键词范围大：选项反定位法
Walk 1-The Natural World
......
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09: 00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2-Introduction to Hillwalking
......
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09: 00
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
hours
Walk 3-Moonlight Under the Stars
......
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18: 30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4-Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
......
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11: 45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5
D
综合概括
二、拔高练习----归纳解题技巧
3．干扰选项特征
细节理解题的干扰选项特征
扩缩范围 与文章细节范围不一致，题干范围要么过大要么过小
无中生有 明显与文章内容不符或没有提及
偷梁换柱 符合常识，但不是文章内容
张冠李戴/ 答非所问 是文章细节，但不符合题干要求或不是要点
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误
返回
练习一：(2018·全国Ⅲ，A)
Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens
Visitor Information
How to Get to Holker
By Car：Follow brown signs on A590 from J36，M6. Approximate travel times：Windermere—20 minutes，Kendal—25 minutes，Lancaster—45 minutes，Manchester—1 hour 30 minutes.
21.How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester
A.20 minutes. B.25 minutes.
C.45 minutes. D.90 minutes.
综合计算
D
拓展练习：At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6000 people at present
A. about 6800 B.about 3400 C.about 2400 D.about 1200
B
quarter n. 四分之一；季度；一刻钟；两角五分 overnight 一夜
free of charge； for free 免费
练习二： (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C节选)
Specifically，it's a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud，BMF is remotely monitored. Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time．Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil，the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest，users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
29．What information does the convenient app offer
A． Real-time weather changes.
B． Current condition of the plants.
C． Chemical pollutants in the soil.
D． Availability of pre-seeded pods.
A:正误参半
C:无中生有
D:张冠李戴
B
解题技法一：仔细审题，明确设问范围
错题回顾：
During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of
elementary school
A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.
C
解题技法一：仔细审题，明确设问范围
练习三：(2024·浙江1月卷阅读D节选)
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world，and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value —a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories，we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.(Para. 3)
33．According to paragraph 3，there is a mismatch between ________．
A．the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B．the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C．the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D．the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
this 出现代词看上句
C
A:无中生有
B:无中生有
D:张冠李戴
解题技法二：特别关注逻辑词（转折或因果），精读简化长难句
转折：but; however; nevertheless; whereas; yet; while
on the contrary; on the other hand
因果：“因为/由于”-- because (of); since; as; due to; owing to; on account of
“因此/结果”--therefore; thus; hence; consequently; as a result; so; for this reason; accordingly
But as we've reshaped the world around us，dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories，we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago，and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
译文：但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样。之所以我们这么多人难以抵抗明知不该吃的诱人食物，这种错配是核心原因。
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world，and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value —a feeling of reward and satisfaction.
译文：我们之所以会受到甜食的诱惑，是因为我们的祖先生活在一个卡路里匮乏的世界里，我们的大脑对这些甜食形成了一种反应机制，反映了它们的价值 —— 一种奖励和满足感。
错题回顾：Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to – regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible
A. Computers are much easier to operate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
前因后果
C
解题技法二：特别关注逻辑词（转折或因果），精读简化长难句
练习四：(2024·浙江1月卷·C篇节选)
On September 7，1991，the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs. As a result，since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals晶体 fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
28．What does the project aim to do
A．Conserve moisture in the soil. B．Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D．Investigate chemical use in farming.
解题技法三：打开思路巧解题，增加词汇来助力
A:无中生有
B
C:正误参半
D:无中生有
Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals晶体 fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.
seed v.在（地里）播种；（喻）使萌芽，使发展；用晶粒物质使冷凝（结晶）（尤指促云化雨）
译文：飞机在有威胁的风暴细胞中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。
本课总结
解先题题步后骤文
题干有明确关键词
题干范围大
题干关键词法
选项关键词反定位法
带着问题找答案；一找二定三比对
三大技巧
题文同序原则
解题技法一：仔细审题，明确设问范围
解题技法二：特别关注转折词，精读简化长难句
解题技法三：打开思路巧解题，增加词汇来助力
正确选项特征
原词复现
同义替换
语言简化
正话反说
干扰选项特征
扩缩范围
无中生有
偷梁换柱
张冠李戴/
答非所问
正误参半
三、巩固练习----学以致用
完成学案
细节理解题
细节理解题
【2025八省联考A】
East Yorkshire Attractions
Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum
The Balk, Pocklington YO42 2QF
Tel: 01759 307125
The gardens are beautifully laid out with two lakes, which are home to a vast collection of fish. We also have Stewart Museum, a children's playground, a book & gift shop, and tearooms. Sunday band concerts and events are available throughout the year.
Open: 10: 00 am to 5: 30 pm
Prices: Adults 4. 65, Seniors 3. 95, Children 2. 50
Goole Museum
Carlisle Street, Goole DN14 5DS
Tel: 01405 768963
The museum explores the colourful history of the town and port of Goole, with plenty of hands-on exhibits for younger visitors. The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art. craft（工艺） and local history exhibitions which changes every month.
Open: 10: 00 am to 5: 00 pm
Admission Free
Sledmere House
Sledmere. Driffield YO25 3XG
Tel: 01377 236637
Sledmere House is one of Yorkshire's most attractive houses. We have an award-winning garden, a military museum, a children's play area, and a café & gift shop. Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons.
Open: 11: 30 am to 3: 30 pm
Prices: Adults 8. 00, Seniors 6. 00, Children 3. 00
Bridlington Bird & Animal Park
Bridlington, East Yorkshire YO15 3QF
Tel: 01262673653
The family-run park is set in a wonderful woodland environment. It offers daily shows of pig racing. We also have a range of birds and other animals to offer a fun-filled day out for families.
Open: 10: 00 am to 5: 00 pm
Prices: Adults 4. 50, Seniors 4. 00, Children 3. 50
21. Which attraction hosts temporary exhibitions
A. Goole Museum. B. Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum.
C. Sledmere House. D. Bridlington Bird & Animal Park.
22. What can tourists do at Sledmere House
A. Feed a wide range of animals.
B. Watch a band concert on Sunday.
C. Explore the history of the town.
D. Enjoy organ music on Thursday.
23. What is the ticket price for children at Bridlington Bird & Animal Park
A. 2. 50. B. 3. 00. C. 3. 50. D. 4. 00.
A
D
C
本课结束 ！
【2025八省联考C】
Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city – in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community. At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense （稠密） and exciting urban environments. She prefers disorder to order, walking to driving, and diversity to uniformity.
For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials. The best judges of how a city should be - and how it should develop - are the local residents themselves. Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions.
Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks. The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better.
Diversity and mixed-use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form. The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people's interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused.
Finally, urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live, work, and interact. Such high-density spaces are, she feels, engines of creativity and vitality. They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”: shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood.
28. What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community
A. Efficient public transport. B. Strong interaction between people.
C. Uniform style of buildings. D. A comparatively large population.
29. Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development
A. Local residents. B. Government officials.
C. City planners. D. Construction workers.
30. How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built
A. Lined with plants. B. Painted with clear signs.
C. Tightly connected. D. Convenient for the old.
31. According to Jacobs, the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of _______.
A. pride B. comfort C. security D. urgency
B
A
C
C
【2025八省联考D】
Want to learn a new language or get A's in college exams Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert （转换） new information into long-term memory. A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.
Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning.
Participants – 72 healthy male and female adults – were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning. After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two-thirds of them also exercised. Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test. The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested.
Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI （磁共振成像） machines to assess their brain activity. The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately. Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned.
According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying. But why That's one question the researchers have yet to answer. Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning. I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout. But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning.
32. What did the new study aim to explore
A. When exercise is best for learning. B. What biochemicals are good for health.
C. How brainwaves should be measured. D. Which area of the brain is the most active.
33. What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment
A. Train on bicycles. B. Do mathematics exercises.
C. Play computer games. D. Watch films about nature.
34. Why did the participants return to the lab two days later
A. To do a medical examination. B. To have their memory tested.
C. To get their workouts recorded. D. To finish their previous tasks.
35. What might the author's marathon running prove
A. The findings of the study are reliable. B. Long-distance runners are often smart.
C. Studies on the marathon are not enough. D. Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain.
A
D
B
D
【2024·江西南昌高三三模】
In the field of marine (海洋的) conservation, there exists a true hero of the seas whose story of preserving our oceans is nothing short of inspiration. Dr Lisa Anderson, a marine biologist, has devoted her life to protecting our underwater ecosystems and the countless species that call them home.
Growing up near the coast, Dr Anderson's childhood was filled with visits to the beach and she established a profound connection to the sea. She always had a passion for marine life and a deep curiosity about the creatures beneath the waves. She said, “As a kid, I used to dream about the ocean. It was this wild place full of colour and life and home to these fantastic creatures. I pictured big sharks ruling the food chain and saw graceful sea turtles dancing across coral reefs. But the first time I truly went underwater, I was about 10 years old. And I can still vividly remember I was instantly surrounded by fish in all colours of the rainbow. That was the day I fell in love with the ocean.” It's no surprise that she pursued a career in marine biology.
Dr Anderson's extraordinary work has spanned decades, from conducting vital research on endangered coral reefs to leading educational initiatives about marine conservation. Her tireless efforts have led to the creation of marine protected areas that ensure the safety of critical habitats for countless species. “In my 40 years on this planet, I've had the great honour to explore some of its most incredible seascapes for the
Save Our Seas Foundation,” she said.
One of Dr Anderson's most notable accomplishments is her work in raising awareness of the destructive effects of plastic pollution in our oceans. Her research on plastic waste and its impact on marine life has stimulated global initiatives to reduce plastic consumption and increase recycling.
Dr Anderson's dedication to marine conservation serves as a light for our oceans and their future. Her work reminds us that by protecting our seas, we not only preserve incredible biodiversity but also secure a healthier planet for generations to come.
1.What sparked Dr Anderson's interest in marine biology
A.Her curiosity about marine life. B.Her passion for global ecosystems.
C.Her visits to the beach as a scientist. D.Her profound connection to childhood.
2.What significant issue has Dr Anderson devoted her life to
A.Plastic pollution. B.Biology species. C.Ocean waste. D.Marine protection.
3.How has Dr Anderson contributed to the fight against plastic pollution
A.She promoted the speed of making plastic recycled.
B.She ensured the safety of the use of plastic products.
C.She invented a new kind of recycled plastic material.
D.She raised global awareness and conducted research.
4.What can be learned from the last paragraph
A.Reducing plastic consumption is a light for our oceans.
B.Dr Anderson's dedication inspires people to become scientists.
C.Protecting our seas ensures a healthier planet for the future.
D.Preserving biodiversity is a must for new generations.
A
D
D
C
【2025广东省莞佛联考高三大联考 D】
DNile crocodiles are uniquely sensitive to the cries of painful primate (灵长类) babies, according to a new study — and the more anxious the cry, the more interested they become. To make the find, Nicolas Grimault, a scientist at the University of Lyon, and his colleagues visited a zoo in Morocco, which houses more than 300 Nile crocodiles. The researchers set up loudspeakers alongside four ponds where, at each, as many as 25 crocodiles sunbathed on red rocks. The speakers played a series of cries expressing varying levels of pain from primate babies. The cries were recorded in different situations to find out which aspects of the voices interest the crocs most.
Many of the crocs, male and female, responded to the cries by suddenly turning their heads, seeking out the source of the sound, rapidly approaching the loudspeaker and sometimes even biting it. One individual even showed protective behavior by positioning in front of the speaker as if to defend it from others. Interestingly, their response depended on the characteristics of the cries they heard: crocs were more likely to react to recordings with acoustic (声音的) features closely related to very upset babies, such as sudden changes and disharmony in frequency, smoothness and tones.
When the researchers asked human volunteers, all of whom had experience with human babies, to listen to the same recorded cries and estimate the level of pain, the participants used different features than the crocs did to evaluate the sounds, basing their decisions largely on the pitch of the cries — how high or low a sound is. But it varies among individuals and across species. That makes it less reliable and accurate than the alternative acoustic clues picked up on by crocodiles.
The findings of the study raise the possibility that emotion may be communicated across species lines in more ways than scientists thought. As Grimault puts it, “If crocs can do it, probably many other animals can do it, too.”
12. Why are the cries collected from different situations played
A. To discover which crocodiles are smart. B.To identify what appeals to crocodiles.
B. To develop how to protect crocodiles. D.To record when crocodiles interact.
13. How do most of the crocodiles respond to baby’ cries
A. Guarding the speakers. B. Sunbathing on the rocks.
B. Attacking other crocodiles. D. Moving towards the sound.
14. Which of the following belongs to “alternative acoustic clues” in paragraph 3
A. The volume of sound. B.The source of the cries.
C. The evenness of tone. D.The pitch of the voice.
15. Which statement would Grimault probably agree with
A. Humans are sensitive to voices of other species.
B. Emotions may be shared beyond species borders.
C. Crocs tend to be friendly to babies of any species.
D. Cross-species communication is an unfading skill.
B
D
C
B
四、事件排序题
事件排序题的试题设置一般是对文中所列举的事实、事项、事件等按照时间、空间或逻辑顺序进行恰当的排序。要特别注意材料中表示顺序的词语，如：first, second, third, last, later, finally, then, next, after, before, to start, afterwards等。常用首尾定位法。
排序题：
It was the homecoming parade in Rockwall，Texas，and cheerleader Tyra Winters，was riding on the top of one of the school’s floats(彩车).As it slowly made its way down the wide road，the 17-year-old enthusiastically waved at the crowd，all the while soaking in the music，laughter，and applause.
All of a sudden，a horrific scream sounded.Looking down，Winters saw a two-year-old on the sidewalk gasping for air，and his extremely worried mother begging for help.The boy，Clarke Hornback had been sucking on a piece of candy when it slid down the back of his mouth，lodging in his throat and blocking his windpipe.
“I see a little bright red face and his mom’s begging，‘Someone help me，someone help me.’”Winters told KTVT.
“There was no coughing；there was no breathing，”Clarke’s mother，Nicole Hornback，later told news station NBCDFW.“He was just gasping for air.No one seemed to know how to help.”
Except for Winters.A senior with dreams of becoming a pediatric surgeon，she had learned the Heimlich maneuver and CPR.Knowing that the clock was ticking，she leaped off the moving float and ran to the child.
By the time she got to Clarke，his face had turned purple.“I got him！” she yelled to Nicole as she grabbed the boy from her.“I tilted him and gave a good three back thrusts，” she told the local CBS station.
Soon，the boy coughed up the piece of candy，gasped，and began breathing again.Without another word，Winters handed Clarke back to his mother and ran back to her float before it could leave her behind.
It all happened so fast that Nicole never had time to thank the teen.Winters’ heroic actions left Nicole speechless.“I don’t really have any words，”she said.“The words that you would say to anyone who does something for you are ‘thank you’.But that doesn’t seem good enough.”
5.Which of the following is the correct order of the events
a.The boy coughed up the piece of candy，gasped，and began breathing again.
b.Winters leaped off the moving float and ran to the child.
c.Winters was riding on the top of one of the school’s floats.
d.Winters tilted the boy and gave a good three back thrusts.
e.The boy，Clarke Hornback，had been sucking on a piece of candy，blocking his windpipe.
A.c—a—d—b—e B.c—e—b—d—a
C.b—d—a—c—e D.a—e—d—c—b
排序题：
It was the homecoming parade in Rockwall，Texas，and cheerleader Tyra Winters，was riding on the top of one of the school’s floats(彩车).As it slowly made its way down the wide road，the 17-year-old enthusiastically waved at the crowd，all the while soaking in the music，laughter，and applause.
All of a sudden，a horrific scream sounded.Looking down，Winters saw a two-year-old on the sidewalk gasping for air，and his extremely worried mother begging for help.The boy，Clarke Hornback had been sucking on a piece of candy when it slid down the back of his mouth，lodging in his throat and blocking his windpipe.
“I see a little bright red face and his mom’s begging，‘Someone help me，someone help me.’”Winters told KTVT.
“There was no coughing；there was no breathing，”Clarke’s mother，Nicole Hornback，later told news station NBCDFW.“He was just gasping for air.No one seemed to know how to help.”
Except for Winters.A senior with dreams of becoming a pediatric surgeon，she had learned the Heimlich maneuver and CPR.Knowing that the clock was ticking，she leaped off the moving float and ran to the child.
By the time she got to Clarke，his face had turned purple.“I got him！” she yelled to Nicole as she grabbed the boy from her.“I tilted him and gave a good three back thrusts，” she told the local CBS station.
Soon，the boy coughed up the piece of candy，gasped，and began breathing again.Without another word，Winters handed Clarke back to his mother and ran back to her float before it could leave her behind.
It all happened so fast that Nicole never had time to thank the teen.Winters’ heroic actions left Nicole speechless.“I don’t really have any words，”she said.“The words that you would say to anyone who does something for you are ‘thank you’.But that doesn’t seem good enough.”
c. Winters was riding on the top of one of the school’s floats.
首
a.The boy coughed up the piece of candy，gasped，and began breathing again.
尾
A.c—a—d—b—e B.c—e—b—d—a
C.b—d—a—c—e D.a—e—d—c—b
B
4.What does the underlined word “lodging” mean in Paragraph 2
A.Stuck. B.Caught. C.Slid. D.Found.
5.Which of the following is the correct order of the events
a.The boy coughed up the piece of candy，gasped，and began breathing again.
b.Winters leaped off the moving float and ran to the child.
c.Winters was riding on the top of one of the school’s floats.
d.Winters tilted the boy and gave a good three back thrusts.
e.The boy，Clarke Hornback，had been sucking on a piece of candy，blocking his windpipe.
A.c—a—d—b—e B.c—e—b—d—a
C.b—d—a—c—e D.a—e—d—c—b
6.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.It happened so fast that Nicole had no time to thank the teen.
B.Nicole didn’t want to say anything about the incident.
C.Nicole was grateful for Winters’ heroic actions.
D.It is always good to learn more knowledge.
7.What kind of person do you think Winters is
A.Helpful. B.Mean. C.Organized. D.Determined.
A
B
C
A
（2017年高考英语全国I卷D篇）
A build-it-yourself solar still ( 蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. ...
To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher's productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.
Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone (圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.
1.Which of the following is the correct order of constructing a working solar still
a. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole
b.Weight the sheet's center down with a rock.
c. Lay the tube in place.
d.Dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep;
e. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.
A.c—a—d—b—e B.d—e—b—c—a
C.d—a—c—e—b D.a—e—d—c—b
eight the sheet's center down with a rock
C
本课结束 ！