北京市第二中学2023-2024学年高一下学期段考三英语试卷（PDF版，含答案）

2024北京二中高一（下）段考三
英 语
必修 II
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，15 分）
第一节 语音知识（共 10 小题；每小题 0.5 分，共 5 分）
请选出下列各组单词中下划线部分的发音与其他单词不．相．同．的一个单词。
1. A. heritage B. exit C. protest D. exist
2. A. profit B. quote C. province D. promise
3. A. parade B. paraphrase C. privacy D.persuade
4. A. species B. relic C.fiction D. insect
5. A. habitat B. attack C. accurate D. pyramid
6. A. identify B.benefit C. average D. engine
7. A. campaign B.cash C. canteen D. capable
8. A. resident B. minor C. charity D. illegal
9. A. archaeologist B. charity C. attach D. chore
10. A.illegal B.digital C. kangaroo D. target
第二节 完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的
最佳选项。
A Labrador has been doing an important job to help people stay safe during the COVID-19
pandemic.
Eight-year-old Roby runs through the streets of the hilly city of Medellin several times a day with
a 11 in his jaws, taking vegetables, fruit and packaged foods to customers of the Fresh4U mini-
market.
“He helps us to maintain social distance,” said Roby’s owner, Sherry Botero. “And people 12
it when we send the dog.” Roby enjoys eating carrots 13 to him by customers, a tip for bringing a
basket of food.
Roby wasn’t always a star. He was accepted into the family 14 by Ms. Botero after repeated
requests by her son to 15 a dog.
But Ms. Botero quickly 16 with the dog. And when she opened a mini-market four years ago,
he started to accompany her to make deliveries.
Roby can’t read 17 . But he remembers the names of customers who have previously rewarded
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him with treats. And with some practice, he has learned to go to their houses on his own.
“He knows the names of five or six of our customers,” Ms. Botero said. “So I send the goods with
a receipt in the basket, and my customers 18 me through bank transfer (银行转账).”
Roby might not know that he’s become an 19 worker. But he is happy to help his owner and
20 his daily pay.
11.A.bag B.chain C.basket D.stick
12.A.respect B.love C.follow D.notice
13.A.gifted B.returned C.lent D.donated
14.A.intentionally B.regretfully C.immediately D.unwillingly
15.A.adopt B.train C.adore D.walk
16.A.got away B.kept in touch C.caught up D.fell in love
17.A.minds B.addresses C.numbers D.receipts
18.A.treat B.help C.pay D.impress
19.A.essential B.honest C.optimistic D.adventurous
20.A.spend B.calculate C.collect D.increase
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38 分）
第一节 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。（共 14 小题；
每小题 2 分, 共 28 分）
A
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how
nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through
plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if
this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing
nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria Which kinds of fish
can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured,
maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call
an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First,
he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to
local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks
and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their
own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
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He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as
food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure
water.
Over the years John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that
treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine
to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of
spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s
happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
21. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A.To feed the animals. B.To build an ecosystem.
C.To protect the plants. D.To test the eco-machine.
22. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A.To review John’s research plans.
B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C.To compare John’s different jobs.
D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
23. What is the basis for John’s work
A.Nature can repair itself.
B.Organisms need water to survive.
C.Life on Earth is diverse.
D.Most tiny creatures live in groups.
B
Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted
corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask
the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to
see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris
Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century
or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of
50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and
continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range
in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful
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that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal
protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from
conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes
killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants
from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing
around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away.
“Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad
habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
24．How do Americans look at grizzlies
A．They cause mixed feelings in people.
B．They should be kept in national parks.
C．They are of high scientific value.
D．They are a symbol of American culture.
25．What has helped the increase of the grizzly population
A．The European settlers’ behavior.
B．The expansion of bears’ range.
C．The protection by law since 1975.
D．The support of Native Americans.
26．What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies
A．The opposition of conservation groups.
B．The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C．The voice of the biologists.
D．The local farmers’ advocates.
27．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C．A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
C
Because the commercial internet has been developed with so little regard for privacy, tech
companies have been able to turn personal data into considerable profits, raising billions of dollars
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off their ability to collect and sell information about anyone who has wandered within shouting
distance of their software. This week, Google announced a step in the right direction—but not a huge
step, nor one that will stop Google from continuing to collect immense amounts of personal data.
At issue is how online companies track internet users as they browse (浏览) from site to site
online, typically through cookies (information that a website leaves in your computer so that the
website will recognize you when you use it again). The most harmful version, “third-party” cookies,
is the web alternative of a company posting security guards across the internet to monitor what you
do, even when you’re on other companies’ sites.
Google declared in a blog post Wednesday that it would no longer use or support third-party
cookies, nor would it create or use any other technology that tracks individual users across the web.
Given that Google is a main supplier of online advertising technology, its change in approach will
impact far and wide.
That’s welcome news, although with huge amounts of warning. As Lee Tien of the Electronic
Frontier Foundation noted, third-party cookies were already on the retreat, with Apple and other
makers of popular web browsers moving to block them. Meanwhile, Google, Facebook and other Big
Tech companies continue to collect personal information in large quantities from people who use
their sites and services through first-party cookies and similar techniques.
The concerns about personal data collection are the same whether it’s being collected through
first-party or third-party techniques, said Michelle Richardson of the Center for Democracy and
Technology. “Companies may use the information to discriminate among internet users, offering
different goods, services and even prices to different users.”
Instead of helping advertisers track individuals, Google says, it is improving a technology that
assigns users namelessly to large groups with common interests. That’s an improvement, even
though it too may be at risk of abuse. But why do any form of tracking at all Privacy advocates say
pitches (兜售) can be targeted effectively by basing them on where the user is at the moment, not
where he or she has browsed previously online.
Ultimately, lawmakers are going to have to lay down regulations giving people far more control
over whether and how personal information is used online. Ideally the federal (联邦的) government
will set a strong floor under online privacy protections, but until then it will be up to state lawmakers
or voters to act, as this state has done with its groundbreaking online privacy laws. It’s good to see
Google move the ball forward, but there’s much farther to go.
28. What does the underlined phrase “on the retreat” in Para 4 most probably mean
A. Exposed. B. Removed. C. Emerging. D. Fading.
29. It can be learned from the declaration that Google __________ .
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A. is developing new technologies to stop data collection
B. refuses to work with companies tracking privacy
C. intends to abandon its advertising technologies
D. resolves to stop the use of third-party cookies
30. From the passage we can know that first-party cookies ___________.
A. are still collecting personal information
B. are blocked by big companies like Apple
C. are mainly used by advertising companies
D. are less concerning than third-party cookies
31. What is the writer’s attitude towards Google’s new move
A. It is less satisfactory than expected.
B. It needs to be more forceful to be effective.
C. It will accelerate the disappearance of cookies.
D. It has driven lawmakers to make new regulations.
D
People who think of themselves as tough-minded and realistic tend to take it for granted that
human nature is selfish and that life is a struggle in which only the fittest may survive. According to
this philosophy, the basic law by which people must live, is the law of the jungle. The “fittest” are
those who can bring to the struggle superior force, superior cunning and superior ruthlessness.
But we are entitled to ask whether the ruthlessness of the tiger, the cunning of the fox and the
obedience to the law of the jungle are, in their human applications, actually evidence of human fitness
to survive. If human beings are to pick up pointers on behavior from the lower animals, are there not
animals other than beasts of prey from which we might learn lessons in survival
We might, for example, look to the rabbit or the deer and define fitness to survive as superior speed
in running away from our enemies. We might point to the earthworm or the mole and attribute their
fitness to survive to the ability to keep out of sight and out of the way. If we simply look to animals in
order to define what we mean by “fitness to survive”, there is no limit to the subhuman systems of
behavior that we can think up. We may admire and imitate any animal because they have all obviously
survived in one way or another. We are still entitled to ask, however, if human survival does not revolve
around a different kind of fitness from that of the lower animals.
Biologists distinguish between two kinds of struggle for survival. First, there is the interspecific
（物种之间） struggle, warfare between different species of animals. Second, there is the
intraspecific （物种之内）struggle, warfare among members of a single species. A great deal of
evidence in modern biology indicates that those species that have developed elaborate means of
intraspecific competition often make themselves unfit for interspecific competition, and that strength
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and fierceness in fighting and killing other animals, whether in interspecific or intraspecific
competition, have never been enough in themselves to guarantee the survival of a species.
If we are going to talk about human survival, one of the first things to do, even if we grant that
people must fight to live, is to distinguish between those qualities that are useful in fighting the
environment and other species and those qualities that are useful in fighting other people. There are
also characteristics important to human survival that do not involve fighting.
Cooperation is essential to the survival of most living creatures. And human beings are the talking
animals. Any theory of human survival that leaves this fact out of account is no more scientific than
would be a theory of beaver survival that failed to consider the interesting uses a beaver makes of its
teeth and flat tail. Let us see what talking means.
32. According to the passage, the “Survival of the Fittest” theory ___________.
A. shows that the tough-minded and realistic survive
B. applies better in human society than in the wild
C. is often used as an excuse for one's being selfish
D. is universally acknowledged among scientists
33. According to the passage, the author is most likely to agree that __________.
A. humans have no superior force over other species
B. humans have survived because they are the fittest
C. humans don't have to learn from animals to survive
D. humans need to fight each other for their own survival
34. What is most likely to be talked about next
A. Ways to make humans more competitive.
B. Human's cooperation via communication.
C. Differences between beavers and humans.
D. The development of human survival skills.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余
选项。
What is heritage The word can be difficult to define. Heritage is always something that is
passed down by families or other groups for many years. 35 It can also be the customs,
traditions, and values shared by groups of people. One way to think about heritage is to break it
down into three groups. These are the tangible(有形的), the natural, and the intangible.
36 It can include many human-made objects that hold cultural value. Some examples are
national monuments and works of art. Many ancient sites are also part of this group. On a smaller
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scale, a family home can be part of an individual’s heritage.
Many parts of the natural world are also important to cultural heritage. This can include bodies
of water, plant life, landforms and more. One example is the Nile River. 37 Efforts to protect
natural heritage are key in many cultures.
The intangible group includes any part of cultural heritage that you can’t feel through touch.
Maybe you’ve read about forms of dance, like Flamenco dancing. You might know about the music
of Mariachi Bands or holidays like Eid. These are all examples of intangible heritage. 38
Exploring your own heritage can be fun. It can help you learn about yourself, your family, and
your ancestors. But it’s also important to learn about the heritage of others. 39 It can also lead
you to find things you may have in common with others!
A．They are treasures that can be touched.
B．What tangible items can be part of heritage
C．However, heritage isn’t limited to concrete objects.
D．Languages, holidays and customs also make the list.
E．Therefore, it’s difficult to protect them from fading away.
F．Doing so can help you build a stronger understanding of other cultures.
G．It has been part of cultural heritage in many African nations for centuries.
第三部分：词汇、语法知识（共三节，23 分）
第一节 单词填空（共 20 小题；每小题 0.5 分，共 10 分）
请根据括号中所给的提示或首字母提示，使用单词的正．确．形．式．完成句子，并将完．整．的．单．
词．答案写到答题纸相应位置上，每．空．仅．填．写．一．个．单．词．。
1.To live a (和谐的) life, we must remove our prejudices and doubts.
2. Sherlock Holmes is known to everybody for his quick thinking and careful o_________ (观察) .
3. We strongly encourage all teenagers to follow these lifestyle tips, because living well is the safest
and most (有效的) way to get into shape.
4. Normally, such an outward display of affection ____________ (保留) for his mother.
5. People are becoming more sensitive to the dangers __________(威胁) the environment.
6. In 2016, Liu, a then student of Tsinghua University, noticed a popular campaign called “Leftover
Party, where people brought their leftovers to eat together, intending to raise (意识) of food
waste.
7.I will meet you at the ______ (入口) of the music hall at seven that evening.
8. The committee put forward a (propose) to reduce the time limit.
9. They say the government is not doing enough to investigate tens of thousands of killings and
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___________ (失踪) over the past few years.
10. TV Ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing __________(丧失) hear
the television clearly without turning up the volume.
11. Tom has since reported the shocking findings to the government in an _________ (尝试) to show
that babies are at higher risk of developing the diseases.
12. Volunteers came with carloads of (被捐赠的) clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare
time to helping others rebuild.
13. If you're staying for more than three months or working (在海外), a full 10-year passport is
required.
14. I'm happy to inform you that you ___________ (晋升) to captain.
15. The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of
___________ (create) thinking.
16. He said his car had got (stick) in the mud.
17. Sometimes, avoidance of one particular food will have this b__________ (有益的) effect, though
admittedly rarely.
18. The Russian student's ___________ (熟悉) with Mark Twain (马克吐温) delighted him.
19. The house is __________ (便利) located within the town centre.
20. Let me give you an (更新，最新消息) on how the project is going.
第二节 语法填空 （共 8 小题；每小题 1 分，共 8 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给
出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also
a place (1) people welcome the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century
architectural (2) (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. It is a distinct
visual contrast that shouldn't work, (3) somehow these two very different worlds make a good
combination. The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the
past while stepping into the modern world, (4) ( mean) there is always something new to discover
here.
B
Dr. Sylvia Earle urges people around the world to help protect the ocean, the blue heart” of the
planet. She explains how the natural cycles that balance Earth’s water, air, and climate have much to
do with the ocean. She also notes our dependence on the ocean’s food chain, from the biggest fish to
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the tiniest organisms. If just one link in the chain (5) (remove), it will affect the whole system.
Today, the ocean (6) (damage) at a rapid rate, and it is clear that humans are responsible. More
trash and chemicals end up into the water. This damages delicate ecosystems, such as coral reefs, and
all the life
(7) they support. People are also overfishing. In fact, over 90 percent of big fish such as tuna
(8) (kill) for food so far. Earle firmly believes that the ocean must be under protection from
further harm.
第四部分：书面表达（共两节，24 分）
第一节 阅读表达（共 3 小题，第 1、2 题各 2 分，第 3 小题 5 分，共 9 分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
It's not your fault That doesn't mean you're off the hook
Back in 1964, in his book Games People Play, psychiatrist Eric Berne described a pattern of
conversation he called “Why Don't You -- Yes But”, which remains one of the most annoying
aspects of everyday social life. The person adopting the strategy is usually a chronic complainer.
Something is terrible about their relationship, job, or other situation, and they complain about it
endlessly, but find some excuse to dismiss any solution that's proposed. The reason, of course, is that
on some level they don't want a solution; they want to be accepted in their position that the world is
out to get them. If they can “win” the game -- dismissing every suggestion until the person they talk
with gives up in annoyance -- they get to feel pleasurably right in their anger and excused from any
obligation to change.
Part of the trouble here is the so-called responsibility/fault fallacy (谬误). When you're feeling
hard done by -- say, obliged to work for a stupid boss -- it's easy to become attached to the position
that it's not your job to address the matter, and that doing so would be an admission of fault. But
there's a confusion here. For example, if I were to discover a newborn at my front door, it wouldn't
be my fault, but it most certainly would be my responsibility. There would be choices to make, and
no possibility of avoiding them, since trying to ignore the matter would be a choice. The point is that
what goes for the baby on the doorstep is true in all cases: even if the other person is 100% in the
wrong, there's nothing to be gained from using this as a good reason to escape responsibility in the
long run.
If you find yourself on the receiving end of this kind of complaining, there's a clever way to shut it
down -- which is to agree with them. Then you'll be spared further complaining, since the other
person's motivation was to confirm her beliefs, and now you're confirming them. “And then,
sometimes, something magical might happen,”Gotlieb writes. The other person“might realize she's
not as trapped as you are saying she is, or as she feels. ”
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1. What is the conversation pattern described by Eric Berne called
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________2. What does the author advise people to do to chronic complainers
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
____________3. Besides the strategy mentioned in the passage, what other techniques could you use
to deal with chronic complainers And explain why. (In about 40 words)
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________
第二节 写作（共15分）
设你是红中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim听说直播购物 (live-stream shopping) 在中国很
流，发来邮件询问相关信息，请你给他回复邮件，
内容包括：1.你是否通过直播进行过购物：2. 你对直播购物的看法或感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
How is everything going
_________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
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参考答案
第一部分：知识运用
第一节 语音知识
1-5 D B C A A 6-10 C D B A B
第二节 完形填空
11.C 12.B 13.A 14.D 15.A 16.D 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.C
第二部分：阅读理解
21-23 D B A 24-27 A C A B 28-31 DDAB 32-34 CCB
35-39 C B G D F
第三部分：词汇、语法知识
第一节 单词填空
1. harmonious 2. observation 3. effective 4. is reserved 5. threatening
6. awareness 7. entrance 8.proposal 9. disappearances 10. loss
11. attempt 12. donated 13. overseas 14. have been promoted 15. creative
16. stuck 17. beneficial 18. familiarity 19. conveniently 20. update
第二节 语法填空
1. where 2. wonders 3. but 4. means 5. is removed 6. is being damaged 7. that
8. have been killed
第四部分：书面表达
第一节 阅读表达
1. What is the conversation pattern described by Eric Berne
The conversation pattern described by Eric Berne is called "Why Don't You - Yes But."
2What does the author advise people to do to chronic complainers
Stop them from going further by agreeing with them.
3.Besides over-validation, what other techniques could you use to deal with chronic complainers
And explain why. (In about 40 words)
Version 1: I could try to empathize and acknowledge their feelings. Chronic complainers often want
to be heard and validated, so empathizing with them and acknowledging their feelings can help to
defuse the situation. I would say things like, "I can understand why you would feel that way" or "It
sounds like you're really frustrated."
Version 2: I will deal with them by setting boundaries. Chronic complainers can be draining, so it's
important to set boundaries to protect your own well-being. I will politely let them know that I am
busy with something else or that I need to end the conversation for now.
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Version 3: I will reframe the conversation. Instead of letting the complainer focus on the negative, I
will try to reframe the conversation in a more positive light. For example, I can ask them what they
would like to see happen or what they think could be a solution to the problem.
第二节 写作
Dear Jim，
How's everything going You're quite right about live-stream shopping being popular in China I'd
like to tell you more.
For me,I often buy things through live-stream shopping and purchasing products through live-
streaming has already become a habit. It is a more time-saving alternative than going to malls and the
broadcasts enable us to communicate with the seller face to face, which is an advantage over only
browsing the introduction pages. It's just like shopping in the real stores. Besides, it enables
consumers to have a more intuitive and comprehensive understanding of the products. More
importantly, it has also created millions of jobs and boosted E-commerce and express industry.
How about the live-stream shopping in Britain Is it the same I'm looking forward to your reply/
telling me something about it.
Yours，
Li Hua
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