四川省成都市新都区青白江区青白江中学新人教版英语九年级全册:完成时态瞬间动词变延续性动词规则表

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名称 四川省成都市新都区青白江区青白江中学新人教版英语九年级全册:完成时态瞬间动词变延续性动词规则表
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版本资源 人教新目标(Go for it)版
科目 英语
更新时间 2016-05-19 17:08:45

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本资料来自于资源最齐全的21世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
完成时态瞬间动词变延续性动词规则表
延续性动词与终止性动词:
动词按其动作发生的方式,动作发生过程的长短,分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示的动词是一种延续的动作,这 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如:learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep, have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词,表示的动作不能延续,即动作发生立即结束,产生某种结果。在有了某种结果之后,就不能再继续下去。如:leave,start,set out,arrive,reach,get to,begin, stop,shut,turn off,marry,put,put on,get up,wake,fall,join,receive, finish,end,complete,become,come,go,die,close,open,break,give, jump,buy,borrow等。
1.终止性动词的用法
1)终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如: The plane has arrived飞机到了。 21cnjy.com
I have finished my homework.我已完成了作业。
2)终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续,所以其现在完成时(只限于肯定式)不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:
①他死了三年了。误:He has died for three years.
②他来这儿三个月了。误:he has come here for three months.
①②两句中的动词die和come都为终止性 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词,它们可用于完成时,但不能同表示一段时间的状语for three years /months连用。
那这两句如何译成英语呢?
我们可采用下列方法:
A.用能够表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。
如: ①He has been dead for three years.
②He has been here for three months.
将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用,其常用的方法有如下几种:
a.用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有:
buy→have,borrow→ keep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),come /go /become→be,catch /get a cold→have a cold,get to know→know等。 www.21-cn-jy.com
b.be+名词:join ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the Party /League→be a Party /League member, go to school→be a student,join the army→be a soldier等。
c.be+形容词/副词:die→be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dead,leave→be away(from),put on→be on,finish /end→be over,begin /start→be on,come→be here / in,fall asleep→be asleep,go out→be out等。 2·1·c·n·j·y
d.be+介词短语:go to s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )chool→be in /at school,join the army→ be in the army等。 e.去掉短语中的短暂性动词:get to know→know,come to work→work,begin to study→study等。【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
B.把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去时间的状语,原动词的完成时改为过去时。如:
①He died three years ago.
②He came here three months ago.
C.用“It is /has be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en +一段时间+since(一般过去时)”结构。如: ①It is /has been three years since he died. www-2-1-cnjy-com
②It is /has been three months since he came here. 2-1-c-n-j-y
D.用“多长时间+has passed +s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ince(一般过去时)”结构。如: ①Three years has passed since he died.   21*cnjy*com
②Three months has passed since he came here.
3)终止性动词现在完成时的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )否定式,已成为一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如: I haven't heard from him for two weeks.我已两个星期没收到他的信了.【来源:21cnj*y.co*m】
4)终止性动词的否定式同until一起连用,构成“not...until”结构,意为“直到……才……”,【版权所有:21教育】
表示这个动作直到until所表达的时间到来时才发生。如:
We won't go to visit the Great Wall until the rain stops.21教育名师原创作品
直到雨停了我们才会去参观长城。
—When did you go to bed last night?昨晚你几点钟点上床睡觉的?
—I didn't go to bed until my father got home.直到我爸爸到家我才上床睡觉。
5)在while(表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )示“一段时间”)引导的从句中,不能用终止性动词,但when可以,因为when可表示“时间的点”,也可表示“一段时间”。
如: 误:While I got to the village,it was dark.
正:When I got to the village,it was dark.
6)终止性动词肯定式的完成时不能和how long连用。
如: 误:How long have you borrow the book?
可改用延续性动词或与when连用的一般过去时。
正:How long have you kept the book?
正:When did you borrow the book?
2.延续性动词的用法
1)延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时可以同一段时间状语连用。
如:I have waited for him for nearly two hours.我等他快两个小时了。
2)终止性动词不能和表一段时间的状语连用。同样,延续性动词也不能和表示短暂时间的时间点连用。
如: 误:It rained at e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ight yesterday morning. rain为延续性动词,而at eight是表示时间点的状语,显然矛盾。21世纪教育网版权所有
如果要用延续性动词表示一瞬间的行为,可以借助come,get, begin等终止性动词来表达。
上句可改为: It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.
3)在until引导的时间状语从句中,若主句的谓语动词是持续性动词,既可以用肯定形式,也可以用否定形式,但句子含义不同。
试比较:
She listened to the radio until her father came back.21·世纪*教育网
她一直听收音机到她父亲回来。
She didn't listen to the radio until her father came back.【出处:21教育名师】
直到她父亲回来才听收音机。
【强化训练】 (1)My brother ____ the Youth League for two years.
A.has been in B.has entered C.has taken part in D.has joined in
⑵—____have you been away from home?
—(I have been away from home)For five years.
A.How much B.What time C.How long D.When
(3)The meeting ____ for five hours.
A.has finished B.has ended C.has been over D.has stopped
(4)When Jack arrived,he and Mary______ for almost an hour.
A.had gone B.had set off C.had left D.had been away
(5)The baby ____ for eleven hours.
A.fell asleep B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).has fallen asleep C.has got to sleep D.has been asleep 21教育网
(6)While I ____ Beijing,it was raining very hard. 21*cnjy*com
A.got to B.reached C.arrived in D.visited
(7)—How long have you ____ ?
—Since two years ago.
A.fallen ill B.been ill C.left home D.married
(8)—What was the party like?
—Wonderful.It's years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A.after B.when C.before D.since
(9)—It is weeks since he ____ .
—So it is.We'd better ask someone else to help us.
A.fell ill B.was ill C.is ill D.has been ill 21·cn·jy·com
(10)I'll lend you my book,but you can only__it for three days.
A.borrow B.keep C.take D.got
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