2025届高考英语外刊阅读 （2025.3.26）练习（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2025届高考英语外刊阅读 （2025.3.26）练习（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 24.3KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-03-27 17:39:03 | ||
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外刊阅读 (3.26)
Of the many patients who need an organ from a donor, 90% go without. About 240m people live with rare genetic diseases, most of which cannot be treated. Each year poor diets cause more than 10m early deaths. Suffering on such an immense scale can appear hopeless. However, a technique called CRISPR gene editing promises to help deal with these issues and many more—and wise regulation can spur it on.
CRISPR is like an editor that can rewrite DNA letter by letter or gene by gene, to remove harmful mutations or add protective ones. clinical trials will begin this summer on pig organs edited for transplanting into humans. Last year the first new therapy went on the market. It seemingly cures sickle-cell disease and beta-thalassemia, two blood disorders that afflict millions. If ongoing clinical trials succeed, a one-off therapy could provide lifelong protection against heart attacks. farming will benefit, too: CRISPR could raise yields or protect crops from climate change. Consumers could soon get white bread with fibre-like starch or tastier varieties of healthy but unpopular foods, such as mustard greens.
But as we report in our Technology Quarterly, now is a critical moment. Since CRISPR’s discovery in 2012, it has begun supplanting old ideas that never reached their potential. Gene therapy, a different technique that uses viruses to insert genes into patients, can treat many rare genetic diseases but is and will remain costly to prepare. Genetically modified (GM) crops, which borrow genes from other species, have faced misguided opposition in Europe and elsewhere. CRISPR offers an alternative to both. But if, unlike them, it is to live up to its promise, it will need to attract a continuing flow of investment—which, in turn, means chalking up some real-life successes.
For that to happen, scientists must show that they can get CRISPR into more types of cells in the body cheaply and easily. The technology would also be boosted if it could serve as a platform to create personalised therapies for people’s individual mutations. That will require new science, but it would also be catalysed by a better system of regulation.
Regulations that govern drugs for rare diseases were not designed for an era of specialist medicines and will hinder patients from receiving new treatments. Developing drugs for a small group of people has always been difficult and many CRISPR companies are struggling, despite government help. But CRISPR is programmable, meaning that the same drug can be tweaked to target many different mutations. On-demand, small-batch drugs for rare diseases could be made more cheaply today if requirements on safety testing and manufacturing standards were loosened. For many desperately ill people who may die before a drug is approved, if it is developed at all, that is a worthwhile trade-off. In America the Food and Drug Administration has already taken some steps towards liberalisation.
Agriculture also badly needs reform. Gene-edited foods fall under GM regulation in many regions, including the European Union, despite being quite different: gene-edited plants have had their own genes tweaked rather than incorporating genes from other species. Mindful of the threat of climate change to food security, Britain is poised to implement new liberal laws governing gene-edited foods; the EU should follow. However, public trust in regulators and scientists could become a problem with the confirmation as health secretary of Robert F. Kennedy junior. He has invested in CRISPR therapies, but is also anti-GM. If America slows down or even goes into reverse, it will be a blow to progress—and humanity.
语篇分析
文章结构为:
段落大意：
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1. What is the main problem facing CRISPR gene editing according to the passage
A. It has no real - life successes so far. B. It is too expensive to develop drugs.
C. It needs to attract continuous investment by achieving practical results.
D. It can't be used to treat rare genetic diseases effectively.
2. How can the development of CRISPR be promoted according to the passage
A. By making it more expensive but more effective.
B. By showing its superiority over other techniques in theory.
C. By attracting more government investment without considering safety.
D. By getting it into more types of cells cheaply and easily and creating personalized therapies.
3. Why are regulations for rare - disease drugs a problem for CRISPR
A. Because they are too strict for small - batch drugs. B. Because they are designed for general medicines.
C. Because they encourage the development of gene therapy instead.
D. Because they are too loose to ensure the safety of new drugs.
4. What can we infer from the passage about gene - edited foods
A. They are exactly the same as GM foods. B. They are more popular than GM foods.
C. Their regulation in many regions needs to be reformed. D. They have no potential threat to food security.
5. What is the best title for the passage
A. CRISPR: A Doubtful Technology in Medicine and Agriculture
B. CRISPR: A Promising Technology Needing Proper Regulation
C. CRISPR: A Technology That Solves All Medical Problems
D. CRISPR: A Technology Only Beneficial to Agriculture
1. What is the main problem facing CRISPR gene editing according to the passage
A. It has no real - life successes so far.
B. It is too expensive to develop drugs.
C. It needs to attract continuous investment by achieving practical results.
D. It can't be used to treat rare genetic diseases effectively.
答案：C。由第三段 “But if, unlike them, it is to live up to its promise, it will need to attract a continuing flow of investment—which, in turn, means chalking up some real - life successes”可知，CRISPR基因编辑面临的主要问题是需要通过取得现实成功来吸引持续投资，C正确。A选项，文中已提及它有一些成果，如治疗镰状细胞病等；B选项，文中说的是基因疗法成本高，并非CRISPR开发药物成本高；D选项，它可以治疗一些罕见病。
2. How can the development of CRISPR be promoted according to the passage
A. By making it more expensive but more effective.
B. By showing its superiority over other techniques in theory.
C. By attracting more government investment without considering safety.
D. By getting it into more types of cells cheaply and easily and creating personalized therapies.
答案：D 。根据第四段 “scientists must show that they can get CRISPR into more types of cells in the body cheaply and easily. The technology would also be boosted if it could serve as a platform to create personalised therapies for people’s individual mutations”可知，D选项正确。A选项“更贵”与原文不符；B选项仅在理论上展示优势无法推动其发展；C选项“不考虑安全”错误。
3. Why are regulations for rare - disease drugs a problem for CRISPR
A. Because they are too strict for small - batch drugs.
B. Because they are designed for general medicines.
C. Because they encourage the development of gene therapy instead.
D. Because they are too loose to ensure the safety of new drugs.
答案：A。从第五段 “Regulations that govern drugs for rare diseases were not designed for an era of specialist medicines and will hinder patients from receiving new treatments... if requirements on safety testing and manufacturing standards were loosened. For many desperately ill people... that is a worthwhile trade - off”可知，罕见病药物监管规定对小批量药物要求过于严格，阻碍了CRISPR的发展，A正确。B选项不是针对普通药物设计；C选项文中未提及鼓励基因疗法；D选项与原文“放宽要求”相悖，说明规定是严格的。
4. What can we infer from the passage about gene - edited foods
A. They are exactly the same as GM foods.
B. They are more popular than GM foods.
C. Their regulation in many regions needs to be reformed.
D. They have no potential threat to food security.
答案：C。由第六段 “Agriculture also badly needs reform. Gene - edited foods fall under GM regulation in many regions, including the European Union, despite being quite different”可知，基因编辑食品在许多地区的监管需要改革，C正确。A选项基因编辑食品与转基因食品不同；B选项文中未提及二者受欢迎程度对比；D选项，文中提到要考虑气候变化对粮食安全的威胁，并非基因编辑食品无威胁。
5. What is the best title for the passage
A. CRISPR: A Doubtful Technology in Medicine and Agriculture
B. CRISPR: A Promising Technology Needing Proper Regulation
C. CRISPR: A Technology That Solves All Medical Problems
D. CRISPR: A Technology Only Beneficial to Agriculture
答案：B。文章主要介绍了CRISPR技术在医学和农业方面的巨大潜力，同时强调要合理监管以推动其发展，B选项准确概括；A选项“Doubtful”错误，文章强调其有希望；C选项“Solves All Medical Problems”过于绝对；D选项“Only Beneficial to Agriculture”片面，它在医学上也有重要作用。
语篇分析：
文章整体呈总分结构，开篇点明CRISPR技术在解决医疗和农业问题上的潜力，后续分别从技术优势、发展挑战、监管困境以及农业应用等方面展开论述。
1. 提出问题（第1段）：先指出医疗和健康领域存在的严峻问题，如大量患者等待器官移植、罕见病难以治疗、不良饮食导致众多人过早死亡。接着引出核心观点，强调CRISPR基因编辑技术有望解决这些问题，且合理监管能推动其发展。
2. 阐述技术优势（第2段）：介绍CRISPR技术原理，类比编辑DNA的编辑器。列举其在医疗和农业领域的应用成果与前景，如猪器官移植临床试验即将开展、已治愈部分血液疾病、未来或预防心脏病，农业方面能提高作物产量、抵御气候变化，还能改善食品品质。
3. 分析发展关键（第3段）：表明CRISPR技术正取代旧有未充分发挥潜力的技术，相比基因疗法和转基因作物有优势。但要实现其潜力，需吸引持续投资，而这依赖于取得实际成功。
4. 说明发展要点（第4段）：指出CRISPR技术发展需解决的关键问题，即科学家要能低成本、便捷地将其导入多种人体细胞，并以此为平台开发个性化疗法，这既需要科研创新，也离不开良好的监管体系推动。
5. 探讨监管阻碍（第5段）：阐述当前罕见病药物监管法规存在的问题，因其未适应专业药物时代，阻碍患者获得新疗法，导致CRISPR公司发展艰难。提出放宽安全测试和生产标准可降低小批量罕见病药物成本，美国FDA已采取一些放宽措施。
6. 强调农业改革需求（第6段）：说明农业领域对基因编辑技术的管理存在不合理之处，基因编辑食品被错误地纳入转基因监管范畴。英国准备实施新的宽松法律，欧盟应跟进。同时，美国因官员态度问题，在该技术发展上存在阻碍，可能影响全球进步。
Of the many patients who need an organ from a donor, 90% go without. About 240m people live with rare genetic diseases, most of which cannot be treated. Each year poor diets cause more than 10m early deaths. Suffering on such an immense scale can appear hopeless. However, a technique called CRISPR gene editing promises to help deal with these issues and many more—and wise regulation can spur it on.
CRISPR is like an editor that can rewrite DNA letter by letter or gene by gene, to remove harmful mutations or add protective ones. clinical trials will begin this summer on pig organs edited for transplanting into humans. Last year the first new therapy went on the market. It seemingly cures sickle-cell disease and beta-thalassemia, two blood disorders that afflict millions. If ongoing clinical trials succeed, a one-off therapy could provide lifelong protection against heart attacks. farming will benefit, too: CRISPR could raise yields or protect crops from climate change. Consumers could soon get white bread with fibre-like starch or tastier varieties of healthy but unpopular foods, such as mustard greens.
But as we report in our Technology Quarterly, now is a critical moment. Since CRISPR’s discovery in 2012, it has begun supplanting old ideas that never reached their potential. Gene therapy, a different technique that uses viruses to insert genes into patients, can treat many rare genetic diseases but is and will remain costly to prepare. Genetically modified (GM) crops, which borrow genes from other species, have faced misguided opposition in Europe and elsewhere. CRISPR offers an alternative to both. But if, unlike them, it is to live up to its promise, it will need to attract a continuing flow of investment—which, in turn, means chalking up some real-life successes.
For that to happen, scientists must show that they can get CRISPR into more types of cells in the body cheaply and easily. The technology would also be boosted if it could serve as a platform to create personalised therapies for people’s individual mutations. That will require new science, but it would also be catalysed by a better system of regulation.
Regulations that govern drugs for rare diseases were not designed for an era of specialist medicines and will hinder patients from receiving new treatments. Developing drugs for a small group of people has always been difficult and many CRISPR companies are struggling, despite government help. But CRISPR is programmable, meaning that the same drug can be tweaked to target many different mutations. On-demand, small-batch drugs for rare diseases could be made more cheaply today if requirements on safety testing and manufacturing standards were loosened. For many desperately ill people who may die before a drug is approved, if it is developed at all, that is a worthwhile trade-off. In America the Food and Drug Administration has already taken some steps towards liberalisation.
Agriculture also badly needs reform. Gene-edited foods fall under GM regulation in many regions, including the European Union, despite being quite different: gene-edited plants have had their own genes tweaked rather than incorporating genes from other species. Mindful of the threat of climate change to food security, Britain is poised to implement new liberal laws governing gene-edited foods; the EU should follow. However, public trust in regulators and scientists could become a problem with the confirmation as health secretary of Robert F. Kennedy junior. He has invested in CRISPR therapies, but is also anti-GM. If America slows down or even goes into reverse, it will be a blow to progress—and humanity.
语篇分析
文章结构为:
段落大意：
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1. What is the main problem facing CRISPR gene editing according to the passage
A. It has no real - life successes so far. B. It is too expensive to develop drugs.
C. It needs to attract continuous investment by achieving practical results.
D. It can't be used to treat rare genetic diseases effectively.
2. How can the development of CRISPR be promoted according to the passage
A. By making it more expensive but more effective.
B. By showing its superiority over other techniques in theory.
C. By attracting more government investment without considering safety.
D. By getting it into more types of cells cheaply and easily and creating personalized therapies.
3. Why are regulations for rare - disease drugs a problem for CRISPR
A. Because they are too strict for small - batch drugs. B. Because they are designed for general medicines.
C. Because they encourage the development of gene therapy instead.
D. Because they are too loose to ensure the safety of new drugs.
4. What can we infer from the passage about gene - edited foods
A. They are exactly the same as GM foods. B. They are more popular than GM foods.
C. Their regulation in many regions needs to be reformed. D. They have no potential threat to food security.
5. What is the best title for the passage
A. CRISPR: A Doubtful Technology in Medicine and Agriculture
B. CRISPR: A Promising Technology Needing Proper Regulation
C. CRISPR: A Technology That Solves All Medical Problems
D. CRISPR: A Technology Only Beneficial to Agriculture
1. What is the main problem facing CRISPR gene editing according to the passage
A. It has no real - life successes so far.
B. It is too expensive to develop drugs.
C. It needs to attract continuous investment by achieving practical results.
D. It can't be used to treat rare genetic diseases effectively.
答案：C。由第三段 “But if, unlike them, it is to live up to its promise, it will need to attract a continuing flow of investment—which, in turn, means chalking up some real - life successes”可知，CRISPR基因编辑面临的主要问题是需要通过取得现实成功来吸引持续投资，C正确。A选项，文中已提及它有一些成果，如治疗镰状细胞病等；B选项，文中说的是基因疗法成本高，并非CRISPR开发药物成本高；D选项，它可以治疗一些罕见病。
2. How can the development of CRISPR be promoted according to the passage
A. By making it more expensive but more effective.
B. By showing its superiority over other techniques in theory.
C. By attracting more government investment without considering safety.
D. By getting it into more types of cells cheaply and easily and creating personalized therapies.
答案：D 。根据第四段 “scientists must show that they can get CRISPR into more types of cells in the body cheaply and easily. The technology would also be boosted if it could serve as a platform to create personalised therapies for people’s individual mutations”可知，D选项正确。A选项“更贵”与原文不符；B选项仅在理论上展示优势无法推动其发展；C选项“不考虑安全”错误。
3. Why are regulations for rare - disease drugs a problem for CRISPR
A. Because they are too strict for small - batch drugs.
B. Because they are designed for general medicines.
C. Because they encourage the development of gene therapy instead.
D. Because they are too loose to ensure the safety of new drugs.
答案：A。从第五段 “Regulations that govern drugs for rare diseases were not designed for an era of specialist medicines and will hinder patients from receiving new treatments... if requirements on safety testing and manufacturing standards were loosened. For many desperately ill people... that is a worthwhile trade - off”可知，罕见病药物监管规定对小批量药物要求过于严格，阻碍了CRISPR的发展，A正确。B选项不是针对普通药物设计；C选项文中未提及鼓励基因疗法；D选项与原文“放宽要求”相悖，说明规定是严格的。
4. What can we infer from the passage about gene - edited foods
A. They are exactly the same as GM foods.
B. They are more popular than GM foods.
C. Their regulation in many regions needs to be reformed.
D. They have no potential threat to food security.
答案：C。由第六段 “Agriculture also badly needs reform. Gene - edited foods fall under GM regulation in many regions, including the European Union, despite being quite different”可知，基因编辑食品在许多地区的监管需要改革，C正确。A选项基因编辑食品与转基因食品不同；B选项文中未提及二者受欢迎程度对比；D选项，文中提到要考虑气候变化对粮食安全的威胁，并非基因编辑食品无威胁。
5. What is the best title for the passage
A. CRISPR: A Doubtful Technology in Medicine and Agriculture
B. CRISPR: A Promising Technology Needing Proper Regulation
C. CRISPR: A Technology That Solves All Medical Problems
D. CRISPR: A Technology Only Beneficial to Agriculture
答案：B。文章主要介绍了CRISPR技术在医学和农业方面的巨大潜力，同时强调要合理监管以推动其发展，B选项准确概括；A选项“Doubtful”错误，文章强调其有希望；C选项“Solves All Medical Problems”过于绝对；D选项“Only Beneficial to Agriculture”片面，它在医学上也有重要作用。
语篇分析：
文章整体呈总分结构，开篇点明CRISPR技术在解决医疗和农业问题上的潜力，后续分别从技术优势、发展挑战、监管困境以及农业应用等方面展开论述。
1. 提出问题（第1段）：先指出医疗和健康领域存在的严峻问题，如大量患者等待器官移植、罕见病难以治疗、不良饮食导致众多人过早死亡。接着引出核心观点，强调CRISPR基因编辑技术有望解决这些问题，且合理监管能推动其发展。
2. 阐述技术优势（第2段）：介绍CRISPR技术原理，类比编辑DNA的编辑器。列举其在医疗和农业领域的应用成果与前景，如猪器官移植临床试验即将开展、已治愈部分血液疾病、未来或预防心脏病，农业方面能提高作物产量、抵御气候变化，还能改善食品品质。
3. 分析发展关键（第3段）：表明CRISPR技术正取代旧有未充分发挥潜力的技术，相比基因疗法和转基因作物有优势。但要实现其潜力，需吸引持续投资，而这依赖于取得实际成功。
4. 说明发展要点（第4段）：指出CRISPR技术发展需解决的关键问题，即科学家要能低成本、便捷地将其导入多种人体细胞，并以此为平台开发个性化疗法，这既需要科研创新，也离不开良好的监管体系推动。
5. 探讨监管阻碍（第5段）：阐述当前罕见病药物监管法规存在的问题，因其未适应专业药物时代，阻碍患者获得新疗法，导致CRISPR公司发展艰难。提出放宽安全测试和生产标准可降低小批量罕见病药物成本，美国FDA已采取一些放宽措施。
6. 强调农业改革需求（第6段）：说明农业领域对基因编辑技术的管理存在不合理之处，基因编辑食品被错误地纳入转基因监管范畴。英国准备实施新的宽松法律，欧盟应跟进。同时，美国因官员态度问题，在该技术发展上存在阻碍，可能影响全球进步。