Unit 3 Keep Fit 单元知识点梳理(背诵版+讲解版)
fit [f t] adj.健康的;健壮的 v.适合 p17
baseball [ be s b l] n.棒球(运动)
glove [ɡl v] n.(手指分开的)手套 p18
mat [m t] n.(运动用的)垫子 p18
rope [r p] n.绳子;粗绳 p18
jump rope 跳绳用的绳子;跳绳(运动) p18
racket [ r k t] n.(网球、羽毛球等的)球拍 p18
hardly [ hɑ dl ] adv.几乎不;几乎没有 p18
ever [ ev ] adv.在任何时候;从来;曾经 p18
hardly ever 几乎从不 p18
once [w ns] adv.一次;曾经 p18
twice [twa s] adv.两次;两回 p18
mine [ma n] pron.我的(所有物)
hers [h z] pron. 她的(所有物) p18
maybe [ me b ] adv.也许;大概 p18
well-used adj.使用得当的 p19
practice [ pr kt s] n.练习;实践 p19
perfect [ p f kt] adj.完美的;极好的 p19
seldom [ seld m] adv.很少;不常 p19
badminton [ b dm nt n] n.羽毛球;运动 p19
double [ d bl] n.双打;两倍;adj.成双的;两倍的 p19
sometime [ s mta m] adv.在某个时候 p19
volleyball [ v l b l] adv.排球(运动) p20
theirs [ e z] pron.他们的,她们的;它们的(所有物) p20
jog [d ɡ] v.慢跑 p20
few[fju ] adj.(表示否定的)很少的;几乎没有的 p20
a few 少数;几个 p20
excuse [ k skju s] v.原谅;宽恕; p20
excuse me 劳驾;请原谅 p20
over there 在那边 p21
T-shirt ['ti:. :t] n.T-恤衫 p21
belong [b l ] v. 应在(某处) p21
belong to 属于(某人) p21
at the start 开始;起初 p21
still [st l] adv.还;任然 p21
sleepy [ sli p ] adj.困倦的,想睡的 p21
instead [ n sted] adv.反而;代替 p21
group [ɡru p] n.组,群 p21
skateboard [ ske t b d] n.滑板 p22
encourage [ n k r d ] n. 鼓励;激励 p22
trick [tr k] n. 技能;戏法 p22
succeed[s k si d] v.成功;达到目标 p22
skateboarding[ ske t b d ] n.滑板运动 p22
sit-up n.仰卧起坐 p22
work out 锻炼 p22
app [ p] n.应用程序 p22
progress [ pr ɡres] n.进步;进展 p22
match [m t ] n.比赛;竞赛 p22
team[ti m] n. 队;组 p22
ours [ a z] pron.我们的(所有物) p22
lose [lu z] v.输掉;丢失 p22
teenager [ ti ne d ] n.青少年(13岁至19岁之间) p23
Steve 史蒂夫 p22
1 adj.健康的;健壮的__ fit___→__ fit__(动词)[_ 适合__]
→__ fitness_(名词)→___ healthy__(写出健康的的另外一个单词)
2 n.棒球(运动)__ baseball___→__ baseballs__(复数)
3 n.手套(手指分开的)_ glove__→__ gloves___(复数)
4 n.绳子;粗绳_ rope___→__ ropes__(复数)
5 n.球拍(网球;羽毛球等)__ bat___→_ bats_(复数)
6 n.练习;实践__ practice__→【☆】__ practise__(动词)→【☆】_ practise doing__(提示:练习做某事)
7 adj.完美的;极好的__ perfect__→ perfectly_(副词)
8【☆】 【☆】adv.在某个时候___ sometime___→___ sometimes_(有时)→__ some time___(一段时间)→__ some times__(几次)
9 adj.很少的;几乎没有的(表示否定的)__ few___→___ fewer__(比较级)
10 n.能量;精力→energetic(形容词)
11.adv.几乎没有__ hardly___→【☆】__ hard__(形容词)[__ 硬的___]/[__ 困难的__]
12 v.鼓励;激励__ encourage__→【☆】_ encouragement__(名词)
13 v.慢跑_ jog___→_ jogger_(名词)[_ 慢跑者]→_ jogging__(现在分词)
14 v.成功;达到目的__ succeed__→ success__(名词)[__ 成功__]→_ succesful_(形容词)[__ 成功的_]→ successfully__(副词)
15.v.失去;输_ lose__→【☆】__ lost_(形容词)[_ 丢失的_]
多久一次 _how often________________
2.每周三次 __three times a week________________
3.几乎从不 __hardly ever_______________
4.保持健康(2种) _keep fit___=_keep healthy____
5.做运动 __play sport__________________
6.团队合作__work as a team___________
7.熟能生巧 _practice makes perfect_________
8.打羽毛球__play badminton______________
9.跑鞋 _running shoes______________
10.去游泳__go swimming______________________
11.一个月两次 _twice a month_______
12.听见某人正在干某事_hear sb. doing sth._______
13.在那边 _over there _________________
14.属于 (某人)_belong to__________________
15.在工作日__on working days_____________
16.用......来干某事 __use...to so sth._____________
17.鼓励某人干某事_encourage sb. to do sth.____
18.塑造团队精神 __build team spirit_______
19.锻炼 __work out__________________
20.劳驾;请原谅__excuse me___________________
How often do you do sport or exercise 你多久做一次运动或锻炼?
【用法详解】
sport为名词,译为“运动”。
Eg: Football is my favourite sport. 足球是我最喜欢的运动。
sport为动词,译为“炫耀”。
Eg: She came in today sporting a new car. 她今天炫耀这一辆新车。
常见搭配:play sports 做运动
Eg: He likes playing sports every day. 他喜欢每天做运动。
Exercise为不可数名词,译为“锻炼”;
常见搭配:take exercise 锻炼身体
Do exercise 做运动
Eg: We need to take exercise to keep fit. 我们需要锻炼身体来保持健康。
exercise也可为可数名词,译为“体操、练习题”,其复数形式为exercises。
常见搭配:do morning exercises 做早操
Eg: We often do morning exercise at school. 我们经常在学校做早操。
【易混辨析】 how often, how long和how soon区别:
how long “多长时间”用for…或since…引导时间状语回答
how soon “还要多长时间”用于将来时,用“in + 一段时间”回答
how often “多久一次”提问动作发生的频率
Eg: -- How long have you been here
-- For two days. 你在这多久了? 两天了。
-- How soon will you stay there
-- In two days. 你要在这待多久?两天
-- How often do you visit your parents
-- Twice a week. 你多久去看一次你的父母?一周两次。
【即学即用】
( B )1. -- ______ do you have piano lessons in a week
-- Three times a week.
How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far
( C )2. -- How can I stay in shape
-- You should do more ______. Don’t always sit at the desk busy doing your _______.
exercise; exercise B. exercises; exercises C. exercise; exercises D. exercises; exercise
( D )3. -- What’s your favourite _____
-- Football.
season B. subject C. animal D. sport
Whose football is it 它是谁的足球?
【用法小结】
Whose为表示所有关系的特殊疑问代词,主要用于引导对物的主人进行提问的特殊疑问词;它即可为形容词性物主代词也可为名词性物主代词。
注意:作形容词性物主代词时后面需要接名词。
Eg: Whose book is this 这是谁的书? (形容词性物主代词)
Whose is this book 这是谁的书? (名词性物主代词)
【即学即用】
( B )1. -- ______ bags are these
-- They’re mine.
Who B. Whose C. What D. Where
I play it three times a week. 我一周打三次乒乓球。
【用法详解】
短语“three times a week”表示频率,即在一定时间内做某事的次数;就其提问时常用how often。
Eg: -- How often do you have a holiday 你多久度一次假?
-- Twice a year. -- 一年两次。
【知识拓展】
英语“次数”表达为:“一次”用once;“两次”用twice;
“三次以上”用“数词 + times”的结构。
Eg: four times 四次
Ten times 十次
How many times 多少次
【即学即用】
( A )1. -- How often do you go to the library
-- _______.
Five times a week B. Five time a week C. Five times in a week D. Five time in a week
Give her a book. 给她一本书。
【用法详解】
Give为动词,译为“给”,后面常接双宾语,即“give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.”译为“给某人某物”。
Eg: Please give me a glass of milk. = Please give a glass of milk to me. 请给我一杯牛奶。
注意:当sth.为人称代词时,只能用give it/them to sb.的结构。
常见搭配:give up 放弃
Give in 屈服、让步
Give away 赠送、泄露
Give back 归还
Give out 分发、耗尽
Give off 发出(光、热等)
Eg: I have given up drinking coffee. 我已经戒掉喝咖啡了。
After a long argument, he finally gave in. 经过长时间的争论后,他终于让步了。
She gave away all her old toys to charity. 她把所有的旧玩具都捐给了慈善机构。
I will give the book back to you tomorrow. 我明天会把书还给你。
The teacher gave out the exam papers. 老师分发了试卷。
The flower gives off a sweet smell. 这朵花散发出一股香味。
【即学即用】
( A )1. Look at the book on the desk. Please ______.
give it to me B. give me it C. give it me D. give me to it
( D )2. Don’t ______ your dream. It must come true.
give off B. give out C. give back D. give up
Maybe it’s Yaming’s. 也许它是亚明的。
【用法详解】
maybe为副词,译为“大概,或许”,常常位于句首,也可位于句中或句末,表示某种不确定性或推测;可单独使用,也可修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。
Eg: Maybe she is from Beijing. 也许她来自北京。
【知识拓展】
May be为“情态动词 + be动词”的结构,译为“可能是”,常常位于句中,后面需要接名词、形容词或其它动词形态来构成完成的位于。
Eg: She may be from Beijing. 她可能来自北京。
【即学即用】
( B )1. _____ she will come this afternoon.
May be B. Maybe C. Can be D. Must be
( A )2. Tom’s father ______ a soldier.
may be B. maybe C. can be D. must be
Hardly ever. 几乎不。
【用法详解】
Hardly为副词,译为“几乎不”;主要表示否定或极少的含义;在句中常位于动词之前,修饰动词。
Eg: He can hardly fail the exam if he studies hard. 如果他用功学习的话,他几乎不可能考不及格。
The child hardly ate anything for lunch. 孩子午餐几乎没吃什么。
常见搭配:hardly ever 几乎从不
Hardly any 几乎没有
【知识拓展】
Hard为形容词,译为“困难的; 坚硬的;严厉的”;
Eg: It’s very hard to maintain a relationship. 维持一段关系是困难的。
The ground is as hard as stone. 土地硬得像石头。
He was so hard on me last night. 他昨晚对我的态度很差。
hard也可为副词,译为“努力地、艰难地”
Eg: I work hard at school. 我在学校努力学习。
They tried hard to succeed. 他们努力工作,以求成功。
【即学即用】
( D )1. -- How is Susan
-- Oh, I _____ see her because she lives abroad.
always B. often C. almost D. hardly
( C )2. My daughter studies ______. She ______ goes to sleep before 11 p.m.
hard; hard B. hardly; hardly C. hard; hardly D. hardly; hard
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
【用法详解】
Practice在此处为名词,译为“练习;实践”;
Eg: She needs more practice at playing the piano. 我需要更多练习弹钢琴。
Practice也可作动词,此时也可写成practise,译为“动词”。
常见搭配:practice/practise doing sth. 练习做某事
Eg: I need to practice playing the guitar every day. 我需要每天练习弹吉他。
【即学即用】
( B )1. She needs to practice _______ English every morning.
speak B. speaking C. to speak D. to speaking
We should all play doubles sometime! 我们找个时间双打吧!
【用法详解】
double在此处为名词,译为“双打”,也可译为“两倍、双份”;
Eg: double room 双人间
Double water 双份水
Double也可作形容词,译为“两倍的、双重的”
Eg: double track 双规; double meaning 双重意义
double也可作副词,译为“两倍地”;
Eg: pay double the price 加倍付钱
Double也可作动词,译为“加倍、对折”;
Eg: double the amount 使数额加一倍
Double the sheet 把纸对折起来
【易混辨析】 double与two区别
double强调数量上的两倍,通常用于表示某个量增加了两倍;
two表示数量为2,用于表示具体的数量。
Eg: two apples 两个苹果
Double the amount 两倍数量
【知识拓展】 sometime, some time, sometimes与some times的区别:
歌谣:分开“一段时间(some time)”;
相聚“某个时刻(sometime)”;
“有时(sometimes)”相聚加s;
分开“几次(some times)”加s。
Eg: I will stay here for some time. 我将在这儿待一段时间。
I will go to Beijing sometime next month. 下个月某个时间我要去北京。
I sometimes get up at 8:00. 我有时八点起床。
I have seen the film some times. 我已经看着这部电影几次了。
【即学即用】
( D )1. There are ______ “f” in the word “different” and ___ “f” in the word “often”.
two; a B. double; a C. two; an D. double; an
( B )2. I will visit my aunt ________.
some time B. sometime C. some times D. sometimes
It looks just like mine! 它看起来像我的!
【用法详解】
此处look为半系动词,译为“看起来”,后面需加形容词;
常见搭配:look like ... “看起来像...”
Eg: The man looks very strong. 这个男士看起来很强壮。
He looks like his mother. 他看起来像他的妈妈。
【知识拓展】
Look还可为动词,译为“看”;look接宾语时需接at,即“look at ...”;
Eg: Look at our room. 看我们的房间。
look也可单独使用,用在现在进行时中;
Eg: Look! The boy is singing under the tree. 看!那个男孩正在树下唱歌。
【即学即用】
( A )1. The girl ______ sad. What’s wrong with her
looks B. smells C. tastes D. feels
Who does this T -shirt belong to 这件T恤衫属于谁?
【用法详解】
Belong to译为“属于”,其主语常常为物,表示“某物归某人所有”;
Eg: The book belongs to me. 这本书属于我。
Belong to主语也可以为人,但此时belong to后需加地点,表示“某人属于某地”
Eg: I belong to Shanghai. 我是上海人。
注意:belong to不可用被动语态。
【即学即用】
( B )1. The cat ______ the old woman next door.
belong to B. belongs to C. belong D. belongs
It's hard at the start when I’m still sleepy. 开始很难我还很困。
【用法详解】
Start在此处为名词,译为“开端”;start也可作动词,译为“开始”。
常见短语:at the start 开始、起初(start为名词)
Start to do/doing sth. 开始做某事(start为动词)
Eg: At the start, they were at home. 起初,他们都在家。
The runners lined up at the start. 赛跑选手们在起跑线上排成一列。
We start to have the first class at 8:00. 我们8:00开始上第一节课。
Sleepy为形容词,译为“困的、昏昏欲睡的”,在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: He looked sleepy after staying up all night. 他熬夜后看起来很困倦。
This is a sleepy town. 这是一个缺乏活力的城镇。
【易混辨析】 sleepy、asleep、sleeping区别
sleepy用来形容人或动物在缺乏睡眠或休息时表示出来的样子;
asleep用来形容入睡的状态,通常用作表语;
sleeping用来强调正进行的动作,可作定语或伴随状语。
Eg: The children have been asleep. 孩子们已经睡着了。
The little boy is sleeping now. 小男孩正在睡觉。
【即学即用】
( C )1. David fell _____ in class because he stayed up too late last night.
sleep B. sleepy C. asleep D. sleeping
( D )2. Who is ______ in the next room
sleep B. sleepy C. asleep D. sleeping
( B )3. She started ______ English at the age of 6.
learned B. learn C. learning D. to learning
The air is clean, and I can hear birds singing. 空气很干净,我可以听见鸟儿唱歌。
【用法详解】
air在该句中为名词,译为“空气”;
常见短语:by air 坐飞机
In the air 在传播中、流行
On/ off (the) air 正在/停止广播
Up in the air 悬而未决
Eg: I will go there by air. 我将坐飞机去那。
There’s sweet in the air. 空气中有一种甜甜的味道。
We will be back on air tomorrow morning at 7:00. 明天早上7点本节目重新开播。
Our travel plans are still up in the air. 我们的旅行计划尚未决定。
air也可为动词,译为“晾、通风”;
常见搭配:air the room 给房间通风
Eg: You should air the room every day. 你应该每天给房间通通风。
Hear在此处为动词,译为“听、听见”。
常见搭配:hear of ... 听说...
Hear from sb. 收到某人来信
Hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事(全过程、结果)
Hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事(动作的进行状态)
Eg: My aunt won’t even hear of it. 我姑姑甚至都没听说过这个。
She heard from her sister last week. 她上周收到了她姐姐的信。
I heard him say that. 我听到他说过那个。
I hear her singing in the next room. 我听到她在隔壁唱歌。
【易混辨析】 hear和listen to区别
hear译为“听见”,强调听的结果;
Listen to译为“听”,强调听的动作。
Eg: Can you hear me 你听见我说话吗?
She is listening to music now. 她现在正在听音乐。
【即学即用】
( A )1. The ______ in the room is bad.
air B. weather C. climate D. on air
( C )2. The news will be _____ the air at 6:00.
in B. at C. on D. by
( A )3. Can you hear him _______ in the next room
read B. reading C. to read D. to reading
15.In our group, many students like to do sport and exercise.
在我们团队,许多学生喜欢做运动和锻炼。
【用法详解】
many译为“许多”,后面需接可数名词复数形式;
Eg: There are many books on the shelf. 书架上有许多书。
【知识拓展】
much译为“许多”,后面需接不可数名词。
Eg: She doesn’t talk much. 她不怎么说话。
【即学即用】
( B )1. There are ______ people in the park.
much B. many C. any D. a little
My skateboard is really cool, and so are theirs. 我的滑板真的很酷,他们的也是。
【用法详解】
结构“so + 倒装语序”,即 “so + 助动词/ be动词/ 情态动词 + 主语”,译为“.…..也是”;主语指不同的人
Eg: --He can play the piano. -- So can I . -- 他会弹钢琴。 -- 我也会。
结构“so + 陈述语序”,即“so + 主语 + 助动词/ be动词/ 情态动词”,译为“.…..的确如此”; 主语指相同的人。
Eg: --He always studies hard. -- So he does. -- 他一直学习努力。 -- 他确实如此。
【知识拓展】
结构“neither/ nor + 倒装语序”,译为“.…..也不”。
注意:前句必须为否定句。
Eg: --They aren’t from America. -- Neither am I . -- 他们不是来自美国。 -- 我也不是。
【即学即用】
( C ) 1. -- She has a nice watch.
-- _________.
So has she B. So she has C. So does Jack D. So he does
We encourage one another to do tricks. 我们互相鼓励做花样。
【用法详解】
Encourage为动词,译为“鼓励”。
常见搭配:encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
Eg: The teacher encouraged the students to believe in themselves. 老师鼓励学生相信自己。
Trick在此处为名词,译为“诡计、把戏、小道具”等意;
Eg: He showed me some magic tricks. 他给我展示了一些魔术戏法。
trick也可为动词,译为“欺骗、玩弄、装饰”等意;
Eg: He tricked me into buying a fake watch. 他骗我买了一块假表。
trick也可为形容词,译为“骗人的、有趣的”等意。
Eg: A trick question is a question designed to trick the answerer.
一个骗人的问题是故意设计来欺骗回答者的。
常见搭配:trick sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事
Trick sb. out of sth. 骗某人得到某物
Play a trick on sb. 欺骗某人/捉弄某人
Eg: He tricked me into signing the contract. 他骗我签了合同。
The thief tricked the old lady out of her purse. 小偷骗走了老太太的钱包。
It is wrong to play tricks on the people with disability. 捉弄残疾人是错误的。
【即学即用】
( C )1. We encourage all students _______ at their own pace.
work B. working C. to work D. to working
( A )2. He tricked me ______ him money.
into giving B. into give C. to give C. of giving
Some tricks are difficult, but once you succeed, you feel great!
一些花样很难,但是一旦你成功,你感觉很棒!
【用法详解】
Succeed为动词,译为“成功、继承”,其名词形式为“success”,形容词形式为“successful”;副词形式为“successfully”。
Eg: His plan succeeded. 他的计划成功了。
Confidence is the key to success. 信心是成功的关键。
She is a successful actress. 她是一名成功的演员。
常见搭配:succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事
Succeed to sth. 继承某物
Succeed after sth. 接替某物
Be successful in doing sth. 成功做某事
Eg: He succeed in passing the exam. 他成功地通过了考试。
She succeeded to the mayoralty. 她继承了市长职位。
We succeeded after Churchill as Prime Minister 谁接替邱吉尔出任首相?
They were successful in winning the contract. 他们终于争取了那份合同。
【即学即用】
( A )1. He finally succeeded ______ the driving test.
in passing B. in pass C. to passing D. to pass
( B )2. Her ______ as a popular singer was short.
succeed B. success C. successful D. successfully
I like skateboarding because it keeps me fit. 我喜欢滑板因为它让我健康。
【用法详解】
fit在此处为形容词,译为“适合的、健康的”等意;
Eg: Eating a balanced diet is important for staying fit. 均衡饮食对保持健康很重要。
fit也可为动词,译为“适合、安装”等意;
Eg: This shirt doesn’t fit me. 这件衬衫不适合我。
The plumber fitted a new shower head. 管道工人安装了一个信的淋浴头。
fit也可为名词,译为“一阵、突发”。
Eg: He had a fit of rage. 他发怒了。
常见搭配:keep fit = stay fit = keep healthy = stay healthy 保持健康
Eg: We should eat more vegetables and fruit to keep fit. 我们应该多吃蔬菜水果来保持健康。
【即学即用】
( D )1. This dress is too long, it _______ me.
aren’t match B. aren’t fit for C. don’t fit for D. don’t fit
It can show my progress. 它展示我的进步。
【用法详解】
Show在此处为动词,译为“展示”,也可为动词,译为“表演”。
常见搭配:show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物
Eg: Please show me that photo. = Please show that photo to me. 请给我看看那张照片。
Magic show. 魔术表演。
Progress为不可数名词,译为“前进、进步”;progress也可为动词,译为“进步、发展”。
常见搭配:make (great) progress 取得(很大)进展
Progress in ... 在某方面取得进步
Eg: Modesty helps one to make progress. 谦虚使人进步。
This country has progressed in economics. 这个国家在经济上取得了发展。
【即学即用】
( A )1. With the help of my teacher, I have made ______ progress.
great B. many C. a lot D. any
We have fun when we keep fit together. 我们一起健身很有趣。
【用法详解】
fun在此处为名词,译为“乐趣”;也可为形容词,译为“有趣的”。
常见搭配:have fun = have a good time = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快
Have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心
Make fun of sb. 取笑某人
Eg: We had fun at the party last night. = We had a good time at the party last night.
= We enjoyed ourselves at the party last night. 我们昨天在派对上玩得很开心。
We have fun watching this movie. 我们看了这部电影很开心。
We have a fun day today. 我们今天度过了快乐的一天。
【即学即用】
( B )1. My classmates are having fun ______ in the park.
play B. playing C. to play D. to playing
We play many matches. 我们打了很多比赛。
【用法详解】
Match此处为名词,译为“比赛”,也可译为“火柴”,其复数形式为matches。
Eg: a football match 一场足球比赛
A box of matches 一盒火柴
match也可为动词,译为“使相配”。
常见搭配:match with 与...相匹配
Eg: The shoes don’t match with the dress. 鞋子和裙子不匹配。
【即学即用】
( D )1. Please match these letters _______ these pictures.
in B. to C. of D. with
Baseball also builds team spirit. 棒球也会建立团队精神。
【用法详解】
build为动词,译为“建造、建立”等意,其名词形式为building,译为“建筑物”。
Eg: The bridge was built in 1990. 这座桥是1990年建的。
The building is very tall. 这栋楼很高。
【即学即用】
There are lots of __buildings__ (build) in this city.
Swimming is good for me because it keeps me healthy. 游泳对我有好处因为它让我健康。
【用法详解】
healthy为形容词,译为“健康的”;其名词形式为health,译为“健康”,反义词为unhealthy。
常见搭配:be in good/bad health 身体(不)好
Keep healthy 保持健康
Eg: He is in good health. = He is healthy. 他很健康。
【即学即用】
( B )1. Noodles, rice, vegetable and fruits are _______ food.
unhealthy B. healthy C. health D. healthily
Eating too much is bad for your __health__.
(北京)股份有限公司Unit 3 Keep Fit 单元知识点梳理(背诵版+讲解版)
__________ [f t] adj.健康的;健壮的 v.适合 p17
__________ [ be s b l] n.棒球(运动)
__________ [ɡl v] n.(手指分开的)手套 p18
__________ [m t] n.(运动用的)垫子 p18
__________ [r p] n.绳子;粗绳 p18
__________ 跳绳用的绳子;跳绳(运动) p18
__________ [ r k t] n.(网球、羽毛球等的)球拍 p18
__________ [ hɑ dl ] adv.几乎不;几乎没有 p18
__________ [ ev ] adv.在任何时候;从来;曾经 p18
__________ 几乎从不 p18
__________ [w ns] adv.一次;曾经 p18
__________ [twa s] adv.两次;两回 p18
__________ [ma n] pron.我的(所有物)
__________ [h z] pron. 她的(所有物) p18
__________ [ me b ] adv.也许;大概 p18
__________ adj.使用得当的 p19
__________ [ pr kt s] n.练习;实践 p19
__________ [ p f kt] adj.完美的;极好的 p19
__________ [ seld m] adv.很少;不常 p19
__________ [ b dm nt n] n.羽毛球;运动 p19
__________ [ d bl] n.双打;两倍;adj.成双的;两倍的 p19
__________ [ s mta m] adv.在某个时候 p19
__________ [ v l b l] adv.排球(运动) p20
__________ [ e z] pron.他们的,她们的;它们的(所有物) p20
__________ [d ɡ] v.慢跑 p20
__________ [fju ] adj.(表示否定的)很少的;几乎没有的 p20
__________ 少数;几个 p20
__________ [ k skju s] v.原谅;宽恕; p20
__________ 劳驾;请原谅 p20
__________ 在那边 p21
__________ ['ti:. :t] n.T-恤衫 p21
__________ [b l ] v. 应在(某处) p21
__________ 属于(某人) p21
__________ 开始;起初 p21
__________ [st l] adv.还;任然 p21
__________ [ sli p ] adj.困倦的,想睡的 p21
__________ [ n sted] adv.反而;代替 p21
__________ [ɡru p] n.组,群 p21
__________ [ ske t b d] n.滑板 p22
__________ [ n k r d ] n. 鼓励;激励 p22
__________ [tr k] n. 技能;戏法 p22
__________ [s k si d] v.成功;达到目标 p22
__________ [ ske t b d ] n.滑板运动 p22
__________ n.仰卧起坐 p22
__________ 锻炼 p22
__________ [ p] n.应用程序 p22
__________ [ pr ɡres] n.进步;进展 p22
__________ [m t ] n.比赛;竞赛 p22
__________ [ti m] n. 队;组 p22
__________ [ a z] pron.我们的(所有物) p22
__________ [lu z] v.输掉;丢失 p22
__________ [ ti ne d ] n.青少年(13岁至19岁之间) p23
__________ 史蒂夫 p22
1 adj.健康的;健壮的_____________→_____________(动词)_____________
→_____________(名词)→_____________(写出健康的的另外一个单词)
2 n.棒球(运动)_____________→_____________(复数)
3 n.手套(手指分开的)_____________→_____________(复数)
4 n.绳子;粗绳_____________→_____________(复数)
5 n.球拍(网球;羽毛球等)_____________→_____________(复数)
6 n.练习;实践_____________→___________(动词)→_____________(提示:练习做某事)
7 adj.完美的;极好的_____________→_____________(副词)
8 adv.在某个时候___________→____________(有时)→__________(一段时间)→___________(几次)
9 adj.很少的;几乎没有的(表示否定的)_____________→_____________(比较级)
10 n.能量;精力→_____________(形容词)
11.adv.几乎没有_____________→_____________(形容词)_____________/_____________
12 v.鼓励;激励_____________→_____________(名词)_____________
13 v.慢跑_____________→_____________(名词)_____________→_____________(现在分词)
14 v.成功;达到目的_____________→_____________(名词)_____________→_____________(形容词)_____________→_____________(副词)
15.v.失去;输_____→_____(形容词)丢失的
多久一次 _____________________________
2.每周三次 _____________________________
3.几乎从不 __________________________
4.保持健康(2种) _____________=_____________
5.做运动 _____________________________
6.团队合作_____________________________
7.熟能生巧 _____________________________
8.打羽毛球_____________________________
9.跑鞋 _____________________________
10.去游泳_____________________________
11.一个月好几次 _____________________
12.听见某人正在干某事_______________________
13.在那边 _____________________________
14.属于 (某人)___________________________
15.在工作日___________________________
16.感觉良好 _____________________________
17.用......来干某事 _____________________
18.鼓励某人干某事___________________________
19.锻炼 ________________________
20.劳驾;请原谅_____________________________
How often do you do sport or exercise 你多久做一次运动或锻炼?
【用法详解】
sport为名词,译为“运动”。
Eg: Football is my favourite sport. 足球是我最喜欢的运动。
sport为动词,译为“炫耀”。
Eg: She came in today sporting a new car. 她今天炫耀这一辆新车。
常见搭配:play sports 做运动
Eg: He likes playing sports every day. 他喜欢每天做运动。
Exercise为不可数名词,译为“锻炼”;
常见搭配:take exercise 锻炼身体
Do exercise 做运动
Eg: We need to take exercise to keep fit. 我们需要锻炼身体来保持健康。
exercise也可为可数名词,译为“体操、练习题”,其复数形式为exercises。
常见搭配:do morning exercises 做早操
Eg: We often do morning exercise at school. 我们经常在学校做早操。
【易混辨析】 how often, how long和how soon区别:
how long “多长时间”用for…或since…引导时间状语回答
how soon “还要多长时间”用于将来时,用“in + 一段时间”回答
how often “多久一次”提问动作发生的频率
Eg: -- How long have you been here
-- For two days. 你在这多久了? 两天了。
-- How soon will you stay there
-- In two days. 你要在这待多久?两天
-- How often do you visit your parents
-- Twice a week. 你多久去看一次你的父母?一周两次。
【即学即用】
( )1. -- ______ do you have piano lessons in a week
-- Three times a week.
How long B. How often C. How soon D. How far
( )2. -- How can I stay in shape
-- You should do more ______. Don’t always sit at the desk busy doing your _______.
exercise; exercise B. exercises; exercises C. exercise; exercises D. exercises; exercise
( )3. -- What’s your favourite _____
-- Football.
season B. subject C. animal D. sport
Whose football is it 它是谁的足球?
【用法小结】
Whose为表示所有关系的特殊疑问代词,主要用于引导对物的主人进行提问的特殊疑问词;它即可为形容词性物主代词也可为名词性物主代词。
注意:作形容词性物主代词时后面需要接名词。
Eg: Whose book is this 这是谁的书? (形容词性物主代词)
Whose is this book 这是谁的书? (名词性物主代词)
【即学即用】
( )1. -- ______ bags are these
-- They’re mine.
Who B. Whose C. What D. Where
I play it three times a week. 我一周打三次乒乓球。
【用法详解】
短语“three times a week”表示频率,即在一定时间内做某事的次数;就其提问时常用how often。
Eg: -- How often do you have a holiday 你多久度一次假?
-- Twice a year. -- 一年两次。
【知识拓展】
英语“次数”表达为:“一次”用once;“两次”用twice;
“三次以上”用“数词 + times”的结构。
Eg: four times 四次
Ten times 十次
How many times 多少次
【即学即用】
( )1. -- How often do you go to the library
-- _______.
Five times a week B. Five time a week C. Five times in a week D. Five time in a week
Give her a book. 给她一本书。
【用法详解】
Give为动词,译为“给”,后面常接双宾语,即“give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.”译为“给某人某物”。
Eg: Please give me a glass of milk. = Please give a glass of milk to me. 请给我一杯牛奶。
注意:当sth.为人称代词时,只能用give it/them to sb.的结构。
常见搭配:give up 放弃
Give in 屈服、让步
Give away 赠送、泄露
Give back 归还
Give out 分发、耗尽
Give off 发出(光、热等)
Eg: I have given up drinking coffee. 我已经戒掉喝咖啡了。
After a long argument, he finally gave in. 经过长时间的争论后,他终于让步了。
She gave away all her old toys to charity. 她把所有的旧玩具都捐给了慈善机构。
I will give the book back to you tomorrow. 我明天会把书还给你。
The teacher gave out the exam papers. 老师分发了试卷。
The flower gives off a sweet smell. 这朵花散发出一股香味。
【即学即用】
( )1. Look at the book on the desk. Please ______.
give it to me B. give me it C. give it me D. give me to it
( )2. Don’t ______ your dream. It must come true.
give off B. give out C. give back D. give up
Maybe it’s Yaming’s. 也许它是亚明的。
【用法详解】
maybe为副词,译为“大概,或许”,常常位于句首,也可位于句中或句末,表示某种不确定性或推测;可单独使用,也可修饰动词、形容词或整个句子。
Eg: Maybe she is from Beijing. 也许她来自北京。
【知识拓展】
May be为“情态动词 + be动词”的结构,译为“可能是”,常常位于句中,后面需要接名词、形容词或其它动词形态来构成完成的位于。
Eg: She may be from Beijing. 她可能来自北京。
【即学即用】
( )1. _____ she will come this afternoon.
May be B. Maybe C. Can be D. Must be
( )2. Tom’s father ______ a soldier.
may be B. maybe C. can be D. must be
Hardly ever. 几乎不。
【用法详解】
Hardly为副词,译为“几乎不”;主要表示否定或极少的含义;在句中常位于动词之前,修饰动词。
Eg: He can hardly fail the exam if he studies hard. 如果他用功学习的话,他几乎不可能考不及格。
The child hardly ate anything for lunch. 孩子午餐几乎没吃什么。
常见搭配:hardly ever 几乎从不
Hardly any 几乎没有
【知识拓展】
Hard为形容词,译为“困难的; 坚硬的;严厉的”;
Eg: It’s very hard to maintain a relationship. 维持一段关系是困难的。
The ground is as hard as stone. 土地硬得像石头。
He was so hard on me last night. 他昨晚对我的态度很差。
hard也可为副词,译为“努力地、艰难地”
Eg: I work hard at school. 我在学校努力学习。
They tried hard to succeed. 他们努力工作,以求成功。
【即学即用】
( )1. -- How is Susan
-- Oh, I _____ see her because she lives abroad.
always B. often C. almost D. hardly
( )2. My daughter studies ______. She ______ goes to sleep before 11 p.m.
hard; hard B. hardly; hardly C. hard; hardly D. hardly; hard
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
【用法详解】
Practice在此处为名词,译为“练习;实践”;
Eg: She needs more practice at playing the piano. 我需要更多练习弹钢琴。
Practice也可作动词,此时也可写成practise,译为“动词”。
常见搭配:practice/practise doing sth. 练习做某事
Eg: I need to practice playing the guitar every day. 我需要每天练习弹吉他。
【即学即用】
( )1. She needs to practice _______ English every morning.
speak B. speaking C. to speak D. to speaking
We should all play doubles sometime! 我们找个时间双打吧!
【用法详解】
double在此处为名词,译为“双打”,也可译为“两倍、双份”;
Eg: double room 双人间
Double water 双份水
Double也可作形容词,译为“两倍的、双重的”
Eg: double track 双规; double meaning 双重意义
double也可作副词,译为“两倍地”;
Eg: pay double the price 加倍付钱
Double也可作动词,译为“加倍、对折”;
Eg: double the amount 使数额加一倍
Double the sheet 把纸对折起来
【易混辨析】 double与two区别
double强调数量上的两倍,通常用于表示某个量增加了两倍;
two表示数量为2,用于表示具体的数量。
Eg: two apples 两个苹果
Double the amount 两倍数量
【知识拓展】 sometime, some time, sometimes与some times的区别:
歌谣:分开“一段时间(some time)”;
相聚“某个时刻(sometime)”;
“有时(sometimes)”相聚加s;
分开“几次(some times)”加s。
Eg: I will stay here for some time. 我将在这儿待一段时间。
I will go to Beijing sometime next month. 下个月某个时间我要去北京。
I sometimes get up at 8:00. 我有时八点起床。
I have seen the film some times. 我已经看着这部电影几次了。
【即学即用】
( )1. There are ______ “f” in the word “different” and ___ “f” in the word “often”.
two; a B. double; a C. two; an D. double; an
( )2. I will visit my aunt ________.
some time B. sometime C. some times D. sometimes
It looks just like mine! 它看起来像我的!
【用法详解】
此处look为半系动词,译为“看起来”,后面需加形容词;
常见搭配:look like ... “看起来像...”
Eg: The man looks very strong. 这个男士看起来很强壮。
He looks like his mother. 他看起来像他的妈妈。
【知识拓展】
Look还可为动词,译为“看”;look接宾语时需接at,即“look at ...”;
Eg: Look at our room. 看我们的房间。
look也可单独使用,用在现在进行时中;
Eg: Look! The boy is singing under the tree. 看!那个男孩正在树下唱歌。
【即学即用】
( )1. The girl ______ sad. What’s wrong with her
looks B. smells C. tastes D. feels
Who does this T -shirt belong to 这件T恤衫属于谁?
【用法详解】
Belong to译为“属于”,其主语常常为物,表示“某物归某人所有”;
Eg: The book belongs to me. 这本书属于我。
Belong to主语也可以为人,但此时belong to后需加地点,表示“某人属于某地”
Eg: I belong to Shanghai. 我是上海人。
注意:belong to不可用被动语态。
【即学即用】
( )1. The cat ______ the old woman next door.
belong to B. belongs to C. belong D. belongs
It's hard at the start when I’m still sleepy. 开始很难我还很困。
【用法详解】
Start在此处为名词,译为“开端”;start也可作动词,译为“开始”。
常见短语:at the start 开始、起初(start为名词)
Start to do/doing sth. 开始做某事(start为动词)
Eg: At the start, they were at home. 起初,他们都在家。
The runners lined up at the start. 赛跑选手们在起跑线上排成一列。
We start to have the first class at 8:00. 我们8:00开始上第一节课。
Sleepy为形容词,译为“困的、昏昏欲睡的”,在句中常作定语或表语。
Eg: He looked sleepy after staying up all night. 他熬夜后看起来很困倦。
This is a sleepy town. 这是一个缺乏活力的城镇。
【易混辨析】 sleepy、asleep、sleeping区别
sleepy用来形容人或动物在缺乏睡眠或休息时表示出来的样子;
asleep用来形容入睡的状态,通常用作表语;
sleeping用来强调正进行的动作,可作定语或伴随状语。
Eg: The children have been asleep. 孩子们已经睡着了。
The little boy is sleeping now. 小男孩正在睡觉。
【即学即用】
( )1. David fell _____ in class because he stayed up too late last night.
sleep B. sleepy C. asleep D. sleeping
( )2. Who is ______ in the next room
sleep B. sleepy C. asleep D. sleeping
( )3. She started ______ English at the age of 6.
learned B. learn C. learning D. to learning
The air is clean, and I can hear birds singing. 空气很干净,我可以听见鸟儿唱歌。
【用法详解】
air在该句中为名词,译为“空气”;
常见短语:by air 坐飞机
In the air 在传播中、流行
On/ off (the) air 正在/停止广播
Up in the air 悬而未决
Eg: I will go there by air. 我将坐飞机去那。
There’s sweet in the air. 空气中有一种甜甜的味道。
We will be back on air tomorrow morning at 7:00. 明天早上7点本节目重新开播。
Our travel plans are still up in the air. 我们的旅行计划尚未决定。
air也可为动词,译为“晾、通风”;
常见搭配:air the room 给房间通风
Eg: You should air the room every day. 你应该每天给房间通通风。
Hear在此处为动词,译为“听、听见”。
常见搭配:hear of ... 听说...
Hear from sb. 收到某人来信
Hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事(全过程、结果)
Hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事(动作的进行状态)
Eg: My aunt won’t even hear of it. 我姑姑甚至都没听说过这个。
She heard from her sister last week. 她上周收到了她姐姐的信。
I heard him say that. 我听到他说过那个。
I hear her singing in the next room. 我听到她在隔壁唱歌。
【易混辨析】 hear和listen to区别
hear译为“听见”,强调听的结果;
Listen to译为“听”,强调听的动作。
Eg: Can you hear me 你听见我说话吗?
She is listening to music now. 她现在正在听音乐。
【即学即用】
( )1. The ______ in the room is bad.
air B. weather C. climate D. on air
( )2. The news will be _____ the air at 6:00.
in B. at C. on D. by
( )3. Can you hear him _______ in the next room
read B. reading C. to read D. to reading
I jog three times a week, but usually exercise at home instead when it rains.
我一周慢跑三次,但是通常下雨时在家锻炼。
【用法详解】
Jog为动词,译为“慢跑”;jog也可为名词,译为“慢跑”。
常见搭配:go jogging 去慢跑
Eg: She likes going jogging. 她喜欢慢跑。
【易混辨析】 instead和instead of区别
Instead为副词,在顺接句子中表示“代替”,在转折句子中表示“然而”,通常位于句首或句末。
Eg: They didn’t meet her, they met her cousin instead. 他们没有遇到她,而是遇到了她的表姐。
Instead of为介词短语,后面常跟名词、代词或动名词,表示“代替;而不是”。
Eg: He drank some coffee instead of tea. 他没有和咖啡,而是喝了一些茶。
【即学即用】
( )1. They stayed at home ______ going to the concert.
instead B. instead of C. and D. but
In our group, many students like to do sport and exercise.
在我们团队,许多学生喜欢做运动和锻炼。
【用法详解】
many译为“许多”,后面需接可数名词复数形式;
Eg: There are many books on the shelf. 书架上有许多书。
【知识拓展】
much译为“许多”,后面需接不可数名词。
Eg: She doesn’t talk much. 她不怎么说话。
【即学即用】
( )1. There are ______ people in the park.
much B. many C. any D. a little
My skateboard is really cool, and so are theirs. 我的滑板真的很酷,他们的也是。
【用法详解】
结构“so + 倒装语序”,即 “so + 助动词/ be动词/ 情态动词 + 主语”,译为“.…..也是”;主语指不同的人
Eg: --He can play the piano. -- So can I . -- 他会弹钢琴。 -- 我也会。
结构“so + 陈述语序”,即“so + 主语 + 助动词/ be动词/ 情态动词”,译为“.…..的确如此”; 主语指相同的人。
Eg: --He always studies hard. -- So he does. -- 他一直学习努力。 -- 他确实如此。
【知识拓展】
结构“neither/ nor + 倒装语序”,译为“.…..也不”。
注意:前句必须为否定句。
Eg: --They aren’t from America. -- Neither am I . -- 他们不是来自美国。 -- 我也不是。
【即学即用】
( ) 1. -- She has a nice watch.
-- _________.
So has she B. So she has C. So does Jack D. So he does
We encourage one another to do tricks. 我们互相鼓励做花样。
【用法详解】
Encourage为动词,译为“鼓励”。
常见搭配:encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
Eg: The teacher encouraged the students to believe in themselves. 老师鼓励学生相信自己。
Trick在此处为名词,译为“诡计、把戏、小道具”等意;
Eg: He showed me some magic tricks. 他给我展示了一些魔术戏法。
trick也可为动词,译为“欺骗、玩弄、装饰”等意;
Eg: He tricked me into buying a fake watch. 他骗我买了一块假表。
trick也可为形容词,译为“骗人的、有趣的”等意。
Eg: A trick question is a question designed to trick the answerer.
一个骗人的问题是故意设计来欺骗回答者的。
常见搭配:trick sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事
Trick sb. out of sth. 骗某人得到某物
Play a trick on sb. 欺骗某人/捉弄某人
Eg: He tricked me into signing the contract. 他骗我签了合同。
The thief tricked the old lady out of her purse. 小偷骗走了老太太的钱包。
It is wrong to play tricks on the people with disability. 捉弄残疾人是错误的。
【即学即用】
( )1. We encourage all students _______ at their own pace.
work B. working C. to work D. to working
( )2. He tricked me ______ him money.
into giving B. into give C. to give C. of giving
Some tricks are difficult, but once you succeed, you feel great!
一些花样很难,但是一旦你成功,你感觉很棒!
【用法详解】
Succeed为动词,译为“成功、继承”,其名词形式为“success”,形容词形式为“successful”;副词形式为“successfully”。
Eg: His plan succeeded. 他的计划成功了。
Confidence is the key to success. 信心是成功的关键。
She is a successful actress. 她是一名成功的演员。
常见搭配:succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事
Succeed to sth. 继承某物
Succeed after sth. 接替某物
Be successful in doing sth. 成功做某事
Eg: He succeed in passing the exam. 他成功地通过了考试。
She succeeded to the mayoralty. 她继承了市长职位。
We succeeded after Churchill as Prime Minister 谁接替邱吉尔出任首相?
They were successful in winning the contract. 他们终于争取了那份合同。
【即学即用】
( )1. He finally succeeded ______ the driving test.
in passing B. in pass C. to passing D. to pass
( )2. Her ______ as a popular singer was short.
succeed B. success C. successful D. successfully
I like skateboarding because it keeps me fit. 我喜欢滑板因为它让我健康。
【用法详解】
fit在此处为形容词,译为“适合的、健康的”等意;
Eg: Eating a balanced diet is important for staying fit. 均衡饮食对保持健康很重要。
fit也可为动词,译为“适合、安装”等意;
Eg: This shirt doesn’t fit me. 这件衬衫不适合我。
The plumber fitted a new shower head. 管道工人安装了一个信的淋浴头。
fit也可为名词,译为“一阵、突发”。
Eg: He had a fit of rage. 他发怒了。
常见搭配:keep fit = stay fit = keep healthy = stay healthy 保持健康
Eg: We should eat more vegetables and fruit to keep fit. 我们应该多吃蔬菜水果来保持健康。
【即学即用】
( )1. This dress is too long, it _______ me.
aren’t match B. aren’t fit for C. don’t fit for D. don’t fit
It can show my progress. 它展示我的进步。
【用法详解】
Show在此处为动词,译为“展示”,也可为动词,译为“表演”。
常见搭配:show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物
Eg: Please show me that photo. = Please show that photo to me. 请给我看看那张照片。
Magic show. 魔术表演。
Progress为不可数名词,译为“前进、进步”;progress也可为动词,译为“进步、发展”。
常见搭配:make (great) progress 取得(很大)进展
Progress in ... 在某方面取得进步
Eg: Modesty helps one to make progress. 谦虚使人进步。
This country has progressed in economics. 这个国家在经济上取得了发展。
【即学即用】
( )1. With the help of my teacher, I have made ______ progress.
great B. many C. a lot D. any
We have fun when we keep fit together. 我们一起健身很有趣。
【用法详解】
fun在此处为名词,译为“乐趣”;也可为形容词,译为“有趣的”。
常见搭配:have fun = have a good time = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快
Have fun doing sth. 做某事很开心
Make fun of sb. 取笑某人
Eg: We had fun at the party last night. = We had a good time at the party last night.
= We enjoyed ourselves at the party last night. 我们昨天在派对上玩得很开心。
We have fun watching this movie. 我们看了这部电影很开心。
We have a fun day today. 我们今天度过了快乐的一天。
【即学即用】
( )1. My classmates are having fun ______ in the park.
play B. playing C. to play D. to playing
We play many matches. 我们打了很多比赛。
【用法详解】
Match此处为名词,译为“比赛”,也可译为“火柴”,其复数形式为matches。
Eg: a football match 一场足球比赛
A box of matches 一盒火柴
match也可为动词,译为“使相配”。
常见搭配:match with 与...相匹配
Eg: The shoes don’t match with the dress. 鞋子和裙子不匹配。
【即学即用】
( )1. Please match these letters _______ these pictures.
in B. to C. of D. with
Baseball also builds team spirit. 棒球也会建立团队精神。
【用法详解】
build为动词,译为“建造、建立”等意,其名词形式为building,译为“建筑物”。
Eg: The bridge was built in 1990. 这座桥是1990年建的。
The building is very tall. 这栋楼很高。
【即学即用】
There are lots of _______ (build) in this city.
Swimming is good for me because it keeps me healthy. 游泳对我有好处因为它让我健康。
【用法详解】
healthy为形容词,译为“健康的”;其名词形式为health,译为“健康”,反义词为unhealthy。
常见搭配:be in good/bad health 身体(不)好
Keep healthy 保持健康
Eg: He is in good health. = He is healthy. 他很健康。
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