(共39张PPT)
Unit Eleven
Ⅰ.重点词汇测试(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)
1. v.碰撞,撞击;坠毁 n.撞击声
2.create
3. n.(法律上的)罪,犯罪
4.culture
5. adj.好奇的;奇妙的;不寻常
6.custom________________________
crash
v.创造;造成;产生
crime
n.文化
curious
n.习惯,习俗,风俗习惯
7. n.(商店)顾客,主顾
8.damage
9. adj.危险的;有危害的;充满风险
10.data
11. n.死,死亡;消亡,毁灭
12.debate
13. v.宣言;宣布;声明;断言;申报
14.decorate
15. v.减少,减小,降低,减弱
customer
v.毁坏,损害 n.损坏;损害;损失
dangerous
n.资料,数据
death
v.讨论;争论;辩论 n.争论,辩论
declare
v.装饰;修饰;给……授勋
decrease
16.bring up
17. 烧成平地,烧光
18.burst into laughter
19. 突然哭起来
20.call at...on sb._____________________
提出,提到,抚养,培养,呕吐
burn down
突然大笑起来
burst into tears
在……拜访某人
Ⅱ.阅读理解
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
Need a Job This Summer
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs.The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills,find a job or start businesses all year round.
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province,you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program,which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible:Youth 15—18 years old in select communities(社区).
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible:Students aged 15—29,returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.
Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire,but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program,students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service,its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible:Students aged 15 or older.Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
(2019年新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
( )1.What is special about Summer Company
A.It requires no training before employment.
B.It provides awards for running new businesses.
C.It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D.It offers more summer job opportunities.
本文提供了学生们在假期可以参与的几个项目,以增加他们的工作经验。
1.B [事实细节题。根据文中“Summer Company”部分中“run their own summer businesses”可知选B。其他三项均未提及。]
( )2.What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
A.15—18. B.15—24. C.15—29. D.16—17.
2.D [事实细节题。根据文中“Stewardship Youth Ranger Program”部分中第二段“Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire.”可知选D。]
( )3.Which program favors the disabled
A.Jobs for Youth.
B.Summer Company.
C.Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.
D.Summer Employment Opportunities.
3.D [事实细节题。由题干提取关键词语“the disabled”,根据最后“Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)”中最后一词“disability”可知选D。]
B
Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don’t listen because they already know it all.I was lucky:I became a pilot in 1970,almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I didn’t realize then,but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying. As I flew bigger,faster planes,and in worse weather,I learned about crew resource management(机组资源管理),or CRM,a new idea to make flying safer.It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result,regardless of positions.
I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that,an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather.The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor was flying;I was a safety pilot.He was so busy because of the bad turn,he had forgotten to put the landing gear(起落架) down.He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up.But I had to:Our lives were in danger.I put aside my uneasiness and said,“We need to put the landing gear down now!”That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM,and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.
CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite,the doctor doesn’t overreact,which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when I’m in the operating room,I ask for ideas and help from others.Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them,someday someone will keep me from “landing gear up”.
(2013年新课标全国卷Ⅱ)
( )4.What does the author say about doctors in general
A.They like flying by themselves.
B.They are unwilling to take advice.
C.They pretend to be good pilots.
D.They are quick learners of CRM.
4.B [细节理解题。根据第一行“Doctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don’t listen because they already know it all.”可知,作者总体上认为doctors不喜欢倾听,他们认为他们什么都懂,故选B。]
( )5.The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when .
A.he saved the plane by speaking up
B.he was in charge of a flying task
C.his boss landed the plane too late
D.his boss operated on a patient
5.A [细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,作者在经历了一次飞行后,给上级提出了意见,对CRM有了更深的理解,故选A。]
( )6.In the last paragraph “landing gear up” probably means _________.
A.following flying requirements
B.overreacting to different opinions
C.listening to what fellow doctors say
D.making a mistake that may cost lives
6.D [细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“We need to put the landing gear down now!”可知,作者提出的降下起落架的建议,使飞机安全着陆;keep sb.from doing阻止某人做某事,这里用的是landing gear up,是相反的情况,言外之意,作者希望有人能够勇敢提出意见,以避免发生危险的事情。画线部分指的是危险的事情,故选D。]
( )7.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.CRM:A New Way to Make Flying Safe
B.Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor
C.The Making of a Good Pilot
D.A Pilot-Turned Doctor
7.B [主旨大意题。作者通过当飞行员的经历,学到了CRM,并运用到自己的工作中,文章主要讲的是CRM带给作者的好处,B项“飞行使我成为一个更好的医生”符合题意,故选B。]
C
In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music,dance and theatre in Edinburgh.The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.
At the same time,the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival.Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947,in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform,and they did so in a public house disused for years.
Soon,groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University,and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge,Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.
Today the “Fringe”,once less recognized,has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre,music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts.And years early as 1959,with only 19 theatre groups performing,some said it was getting too big.
A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971,and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself.In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries.More than 125 million tickets were sold.
(2013年新课标全国卷Ⅱ)
( )8.Which point was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning
A.To bring Europe together again.
B.To honor heroes of World War Ⅱ.
C.To introduce young theatre groups.
D.To attract great artists from Europe.
8.A [细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,组织音乐节的目的是为了重新团结欧洲。故选A。]
( )9.Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947
A.They owned a public house there.
B.They came to take up a challenge.
C.They thought they were also famous.
D.They wanted to take part in the festival.
9.D [细节理解题。根据第二段“...in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform”可知,他们不请自来是因为他们认为每个人都有表演的权利。故选D。]
( )10.Who joined the “Fringe” after it appeared
A.Popular writers.
B.University students.
C.Tourists from around the world.
D.Performers of music and dance.
10.B [细节理解题。根据第三段话“...groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University,and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge,Durham and Birmingham”可知,后来加入的都是大学生,故选B。]
( )11.We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival .
A.has become a non-official event
B.has gone beyond an art festival
C.gives shows all year round
D.keeps growing rapidly
11.D [主旨大意题。A项未提及;艺术节一直以来都是演出戏剧、舞蹈等艺术形式,并未超出艺术范围,排除B;文中只提到由eight administrators来全年工作和管理,故C错;根据最后一段最后两句可知,艺术节发展非常迅速,D项符合题意,故选D。]
D
Given that many people’s moods(情绪) are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate,it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine.Looking like a setting from the film Charlie & the Chocolate Factory,Singapore’s Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates.Its founder is Chris Lee who grew up at his parents’ corner store with one hand almost always in the jar of sweets.
If the CRF seems to be a smart idea,that’s because Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names such as Levi’s and Sony.That idea surely results in the imagination at work when it comes to making different flavored(味道) chocolates.
The CRF’s produce is “green” made within the country and divided into 10 lines,with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Series—with Sichuan pepper,red bean(豆),cheese and other flavors—also does well and is fun to taste.And for chocolate snobs,who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others,the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo,Cuba, Venezuela,and Ghana,among others.
(2013年新课标全国卷Ⅱ)
( )12.What is good about chocolate
A.It serves as a suitable gift.
B.It works as an effective medicine.
C.It helps improve the state of mind.
D.It strengthens business relations.
12.C [细节理解题。根据文章首句可知,作者假设的是巧克力能够调节人们的情绪,故选C。]
( )13.Why is Chris Lee able to develop his idea of the CRF
A.He knows the importance of research.
B.He learns from shops of similar types.
C.He has the support of many big names.
D.He has a lot of marketing experience.
13.D [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“...Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department...”可知,Lee是市场推广部门的领导,Lee能够成功,主要是因为他有着丰富的市场推广经验,故选D。]
( )14.Which line of the CRF produce sells best
A.The Connoisseur Series.
B.The Exotic Series.
C.The Alcohol Series.
D.The Sichuan Series.
14.C [细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“...with the Alcohol Series being the most popular.”可知,卖得最好的是The Alcohol Series,故选C。]
( )15.The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who .
A.are particular about chocolate
B.know little about cocoa beans
C.look down upon others
D.like to try new flavors
15.A [词义猜测题。snob势利小人,chocolate snobs指对巧克力很挑剔的人,故选A。]
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Make Friends
Friendship is a very important human relationship and everyone needs good friends.Good friendship has many benefits.It offers companionship,improves self-worth and promotes good health.There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town,or changed our jobs or schools.Such changes often leave us without a friend. 16 But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.
1.Associate with others
The first step to make friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people.Besides,you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places.
2.Start a conversation
Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. 17 You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relating with other people.
18
Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friends together.Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.
3.Let it grow
It is a good thing to stay in touch.However,try not to press your new friend with calls,messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. 19 The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.
4.Enjoy your friendship
The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. 20 Try not to change them from who they are to what you want them to be.Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. (2012年辽宁卷)
A.Be cheerful.
B.Do things together.
C.Do not wait to be spoken to.
D.Try not to find fault with your friends.
E.Making new friends comes easy for some people.
F.For a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch.
G.So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.
本文向我们介绍了如何交朋友。
16.E [根据后面的“But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage.”可知前面说的是一个过程对一些人来说很容易,故选E。]
17.C [由后面“You can always start the conversation.”可知,你要开始一个对话,所以前面应该是“不要等着别人先和你说话”,故选C。]
18.B [根据后面的“as these interests would always bring you and your friends together”可知,要和朋友一块儿做一些事。故选B。]
19.G [前面说不要通过电话、短信或亲自拜访给你的朋友施加压力,因为这可能会使对方疲惫不堪,最后你会失去友谊,因此你要给你的朋友时间对你作出回应。故选G。]
20.D [由前一句说“to allow your friends to be themselves”(要允许你的朋友们做他们自己),也就是不要对朋友太挑剔,故选D。]
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下列材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 1 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 2 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will 3 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets,the 4 (hot) the spring! Strange,isn’t it But that’s how nature is—always leaving us 5 (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps.You can’t help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain,still it highlights the whole adventure 7 . offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8 (ache) legs.
As the song goes,this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory.It sure does in 9 . (I).While you’re in China,Mount Huangshan is 10 must to visit! (2021年全国卷Ⅰ)
1.What [考查引导词。 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.是一个主语从句。主语从句缺少主语,需要填what来引导主语从句,is the out-of-this-world scenes是系表结构作主句谓语。句意:在这段经历中让人叹为观止的是那些超凡脱俗的场景。]
2.humans [考查名词。human在句子中做we的同位语,故用复数。句意:一旦你登上山顶,你看到翻滚的云海使你联想到我们人类多么渺小。]
3.undoubtedly [考查词类转换。空格处需要一个副词即: undoubtedly来修饰动词help,作状语。句意:它无疑将帮助你恢复精神!]
4.hotter [考查形容词比较等级。根据the+比较等级,the+比较等级结构,可知这里需要一个比较等级即:hotter,注意双写t再加er。句意:春天令人惊奇之处是温度越低,春天越热!]
5.astonished [考查非谓语动词。句型:leave sb.+V-ed,使得某人处于某种情感状态,故填过去分词astonished。句意:但那就是大自然总是让我们感到惊讶。]
6.was [考查动词。本句是宾语从句。作者感叹古人搬石头造台阶的不易,故用一般过去时,二主语是it,所以填was。句意:你禁不住想知道,当时的人们要把这些石头放到位有多难。]
7.and [考查连词。这里的highlights与offers为两个并列谓语动词,主语是it,故填and。句意:……它仍然突出了整个冒险,也提供一个可坐下休息疼痛的双腿的场所。]
8.aching [考查非谓语动词。现在分词作定语。aching legs疼痛的脚。句意:……它仍然突出了整个冒险,也提供一个可坐下休息疼痛的双腿的场所。]
9.mine [考查代词。it sure does in mine,mine=my memory。要结合前句it will always stick in the visitor’s memory来理解。句意:确实也留在我的记忆中。]
10.a [考查冠词。此处must是可数名词,a must to visit.句意:你在中国的时候,有必要去黄山!故填a。](共48张PPT)
Unit Eleven
重点词汇必背
一、重点单词
1.crash [kr ] v.碰撞,撞击;坠毁 n.撞击声
2.create [kri eit] v.创造;造成;产生
3.crime [kraim] n.(法律上的)罪
4.culture [ k lt ] n.文化
5.curious [ kju ri s] adj.好奇的;奇妙的;不寻常的
6.custom [ k st m] n.习惯,习俗,风俗习惯
7.customer [ k st m ] n.(商店)顾客,主顾
8.damage [ d mid ] v.毁坏,损害 n.损坏;损害;损失
9.dangerous [ deind r s] adj.危险的;有危害的;充满风险的
10.Data [ deit ] n.资料,数据 (单数datum)
11.death [deθ] n.死,死亡;消亡,毁灭
12.debate [di beit] v.讨论;争论;辩论 n.争论,辩论
13.declare [di klε ] v.宣言;宣布;声明;断言;申报
14.decorate [ dek reit] v.装饰;修饰;给……授勋
15.decrease [di kri s] v.减少,减小,降低,减弱
二、重点短语
16.bring up 提出,提到,抚养,培养,呕吐
17.burn down 烧成平地,烧光
18.burst into laughter S突然大笑起来
19.burst out crying 突然哭起来
20.call at/on sb.拜访某人
一、重点单词
1.culture n.文化
构词 cultural adj.文化的
用法 man of culture 有教养的人
western culture 西方文化
例句 Universities are centres of culture.
大学是文化中心。
核心词汇运用
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)我们有灿烂的民族文化。
We have a splendid national .
(2)工人们的文化生活丰富多彩。
The workers enjoy a full and varied life.
(3)这些都是非常珍贵的文物。
All these are valuable relics.
culture
cultural
cultural
2.curious adj.好奇的;奇妙的;不寻常的
构词 curiosity n.好奇心;好奇;稀奇的人或物
用法 be curious about 对……感到好奇的
例句 The boy was curious about everything he saw.
那男孩对所见的一切都感到好奇。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)我听到隔壁房间里有奇怪的响声。
I heard a sound from the next room.
(2)好奇是孩子天性的一部分。
is part of the children’s nature.
(3)真奇怪,她不辞而别了。
It’s that she left without saying good-bye.
curious
Curiosity
curious
3.custom n.习惯,习俗,风俗习惯
构词 customer n.顾客,主顾
customs n.海关
用法 social custom 社会风俗
observe a custom 遵守一种风俗
customs duty 海关税
例句 Custom is sometimes considered as important as law.
有时,风俗被认为和法律同等重要。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)这是民间的一种旧风俗。
This is an old among the natives.
(2)这些货物免征关税。
These goods are exempt from duties.
(3)他吩咐我把东西送去给顾客。
He instructed me to deliver it to a .
custom
customs
customer
4.dangerous adj.危险的;有危害的;充满风险的
构词 danger n.危险,风险
in danger 处在危险中
out of danger 脱险
用法 be dangerous to/for sb.对……有危险
It is dangerous to do sth.做……是很危险的
例句 I think it is dangerous to be a miner.
我认为当矿工是很危险的。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)受伤的警察已经脱离危险。
The wounded policeman is now .
(2)在湖中薄冰上行走是很危险的。
It is to walk on thin ice in a lake.
(3)他有失去生命的危险。
He was of losing his life.
out of danger
dangerous
in danger
5.death n.死,死亡;消亡,毁灭
构词 die v.死;消失
dead adj.死的
deadly adj.致命的
用法 die away 渐渐消失
die down 渐渐平息
die out 灭绝
die of/from 因……而死
例句 His death means a great loss to China.
他的死是中国的重大损失。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)他已死了两年。
He has been for two years.
(2)癌症是一种致命的疾病。
Cancer is a disease.
(3)现在有很多人死于癌症。
Nowadays many people cancer.
(4)幼苗被冻死了。
The seedling was frozen .
dead
deadly
die of
to death
6.declare v.宣言;宣布;声明;申报
构词 declaration n.宣言;宣布;申报
用法 declare war on a country 向某国宣战
declare against宣称或声明反对
例句 I now declare this meeting open.
我现在宣布会议开幕。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)英国在1914年向德国宣战。
Britain on Germany in 1914.
(2)人民宣布反对这场战争。
The people the war.
(3)他声称自己是无罪的。
He he was innocent.
declared war
declare against
declared (that)
7.decrease v.& n.减少,减小,降低,减弱
构词 increase n.&v.增加,增长,提高
用法 decrease by减少……
decrease in number 数目减少
decrease to 减少到……
例句 There has been a steady decrease in population in this city.
这个城市的人口在持续下降。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)他们设法降低5%的成本。
They tried to the costs five percent.
(2)博览群书会增加你的词汇量。
Wide reading will your vocabulary.
decrease
by
increase
二、重点短语
8.burn down烧成平地,烧光
比较 be burnt to the ground焚为平地
例句 A number of houses were burnt down in the fire.
在火灾中,好些房子给烧毁了。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)这座城市被敌人烧毁了。
The city was by the enemy.
(2)随着炉火逐渐减弱,房间越来越冷。
The room grew colder as the fire .
(3)这所房子已焚为平地。
The house the ground.
burnt down
burnt down
was burnt to
9.burst into laughter突然大笑起来
=burst out laughing 突然大笑起来
比较 burst into+n.=burst out+doing 突然……
例句 He burst out crying like a child.
他像孩子一样突然哭起来。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)她听到那个笑话突然哈哈大笑起来。
She at the joke.
(2)我太太听到这个坏消息就哭了起来。
My wife when she heard the bad news.
burst out laughing/burst into laughter
burst out crying/burst into tears
10.call at/on sb.拜访某人
比较 call at+地点 在……拜访某人
call on+sb.拜访某人=pay sb.a visit
例句 I’m going to call on one of my former classmates.
我要去看望我的一位老同学。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)明天我将要去拜访他。
Tomorrow I’ll him.
(2)我们的新朋友上周曾来我们家拜访。
Our new friends our house last week.
call on
called at
一、动词时态
语法突破——动词时态
时态 构成 用法 标志词
一般
现在
时 ①主语是第三人称单数:主语+谓语动词(s/es)+其他成分。
②主语非第三人称单数时:主语+谓语动词原形+其他成分。 ①表示习惯性、现在反复出现的动作或状态。②表示主语现在的特征、性格、感觉、状态。③表示客观事实或普遍真理。④表示按规定预计要发生的未来的动作,限go,come, leave, start,stay,return, begin等位置移动的动词。⑤在if,before, until,as soon as等引导的表示将来行为的状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 always,usually, often,seldom,
sometimes,now and then, from time to time,at times, every day,once a week
续表：
时态 构成 用法 标志词
一般
过去
时 主语+动词的过去式+其他成分。 ①表示过去某时发生的动作或所处的状态。②表示过去某段时间里反复出现的动作或所处的状态。③表示主语过去的特征、性格、感觉、状态。 yesterday,
last night,... ago, in 2005, this morning, in those (old) days
现在
进行
时 主语+am/is/are +动词的现在分词+其他成分。 ①现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。②少数动词的现在进行时,可表示预计即将发生的动作。③表示反复发生的动作。④表示心理状态、情感、存在状态、一次性动作,感官的动词一般不用进行时。 now,at this time,at the
moment,these days,all the
time,Look! Listen!
续表：
时态 构成 用法 标志词
过去
进行
时 主语+was/were doing+其他成分。 ①过去某一刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作。②过去某段时间里持续进行的动作 (也可以间歇)。③when引导的从句表示一个短暂的时间点,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时;while引导的从句表示一段持续的时间,谓语动词用过去进行
时。 at that
moment, at this time
last night,
at 9:00 yesterday,...when/while...
续表：
时态 构成 用法 标志词
一般
将来
时 主语+be going to/will/shall/
be to/be about to do+其他成分。 ①将要发生却尚未发生的动作或状态。②表示说话者明确的打算或确信会发生的事。③表示安排好要发生或命令做什么。④正要做某事,或即将做某事。多与when,as连用,不与时间状语连用。 tomorrow,this afternoon,in two days,from now on,
next...,soon, tonight
过去
将来
时 主语+were(was)
going to/would/ should/were (was) to/were (was) about to do+其他成分。 ①从过去某时看将要发生尚未发生的动作或状态。②表示说话者曾经打算或安排将要做的事。③表示过去计划或安排好要做什么。④即将做某事。多与when,as连用,不与时间状语连用。 the following /next...,that afternoon/night/evening,from then on
续表：
时态 构成 用法 标志词
现在
完成
时 主语+ have+
done(过去分词) +其他成分。 ①过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。②从过去开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。③用在时间、条件从句中,表示从句动作先于主句动作之前完成。④“最高级+名词”或“It is the+序数词+time”后的从句中。⑤瞬间动词不能与一段时间连用。 recently,ever,lately,up to/till now,just,never,already,once, since...,yet,in
the past+“一段时间”,so far
续表：
时态 构成 用法 标志词
过去
完成
时 主语+had+动词过去分词+其他成分。 ①过去某时间或动作之前已发生或完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。②从过去某时起,持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常与for,since引导的短语或从句连用。③had thought/hoped/
meant/expected/planned等结构表示“过去没有实现的想法、希望和打算”,即“过去本打算”。 before,by the
end of last year/term/
month...,hardly (scarcely)
...when...,
no sooner... than...
现在
完成
进行
时 主语+have/has +been
+现在分词+其他成分。 ①过去开始持续到现在的动作。②过去开始,现在刚刚停止的动作。③该时态一般不适用于状态动词。 for,since
续表：
时态 构成 用法 标志词
过去
完成
进行
时 主语+had+been + 现在分词+其他成分。 ①表示持续到过去某时的一个动作。②表示过去之前反复的动作。 since,for
将来
进行
时 主语+will+be+现在分词+其他成分。 ①表示在将来某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。②表示预计即将发生或势必要发生的动作。 this time tomorrow,at five next Sunday
将来
完成
时 主语+shall
/will+have+过去分词+其他成分。 表示在将来某一时间前已完成的动作。 by+将来时间,
before+将来时间
二、动词的第三人称单数的变化(与名词复数的规则变化一致)
变化规律 举例
①大部分动词后直接+s。 see—sees,make—makes,
sound—sounds
②以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把y变i再+es。 carry—carries,fly—flies,
bury—buries
③以s,sh,ch,x,o结尾的动词+es。 miss—misses,watch—watches,
wish—wishes
④以辅音+o结尾的动词+es。 go—goes,do—does
三、动词的过去式和过去分词的变化
变化规律 举例
规则
变化 一般情况下在动词后加-ed。 miss—missed—missed
以-e结尾的动词只加-d。 love—loved—loved
以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,改y为i,再加-ed。 study—studied—studied
重读闭音节且只有一个辅音字母结尾的动词,要双写后面的辅音字母再加-ed。 stop—stopped—stopped
不规
则变
化 AAA型 hit—hit—hit,
cost—cost—cost
AAB型 beat—beat—beaten
ABA型 come—came—come,run—ran—run
ABB型 have—had—had,leave—left—left
ABC型 begin—began—begun,
give—gave—given
四、动词的现在分词变化
变化规律 举例
一般情况下在动词后加-ing。 do—doing,support—supporting
以-e结尾的动词去掉e再加-ing。 make—making,have—having
重读闭音节且只有一个辅音字母结尾的动词,要双写(后面的)该辅音字母再加-ing。 run—running,cut—cutting,
begin—beginning,prefer—preferring
【动词时态高考考点分析】
下面是近几年高考题对动词时态的考查。通过题目,我们来分析一下动词时态的用法和考点主要分布情况。
1.(2015年全国卷Ⅱ)This cycle 68 (go) day after day:the walls warm up.
【分析】 68.goes。本题考查了动词时态。主句缺谓语动词,时态与后面的warm保持一致,是一般现在时,填goes。
2.(2015年全国卷Ⅰ)It was raining lightly when I 61 (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
3.(2015年全国卷Ⅰ)Yangshuo 67 (be) really beautiful.
【分析】 61.arrived。本题考查了动词时态。从句缺谓语动词,when引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去进行时,从句用一般过去时,故填arrived。
【分析】 67.is。本题考查了动词时态。句子缺谓语动词,而文章的时态是一般现在时,故填is。
4.(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)Later,engineers 68 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道),which became known to the tube.
5.(2019年全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut
65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
【分析】 68.managed。考动词时态。全文都用过去时态,故用managed。
【分析】 65.have reported。考查动词时态。主语some Inuit people是复数,再根据句首的In recent years可知用现在完成时态。故用have reported。
6.(2020年全国卷Ⅰ)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe(探测器)-the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【分析】 touched。考查动词时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week可知应使用一般过去时,即touched。
7.(2021年全国卷Ⅰ)You can’t help wondering how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
【分析】 61.was。本句是宾语从句。作者感叹古人搬石头造台阶的不易,故用一般过去时,二主语是it,所以填was。句意:你禁不住想知道,当时的人们要把这些石头放到位有多难。
要重视常用的高考考纲上要求的10种时态的学习,注意各种时态的使用条件和形式。不管是在语法填空、改错题中,还是在写作中,都要能准确运用各种时态。
【同步练习】
一、单项选择
( )1.Our teacher told us that the sun in the east.
A.rises B.rise C.has risen D.had risen
【答案】 A
【解析】 “太阳从东边升起”表示客观事实,用一般现在时。
( )2.When I saw Jenny,she the violin.
A.is playing B.plays
C.was playing D.played
【答案】 C
【解析】 when引导的从句表示一个短暂的时间点,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时。
( )3.My family the Summer Palace three times.
A.have gone to B.have been to
C.have been in D.has gone to
【答案】 B
【解析】 “我家曾经去过颐和园三次。”have been to表示“曾经去过”。
( )4.An old friend of mine to see me.She’ll be here soon.
A.comes B.is coming
C.had come D.came
【答案】 B
【解析】 come用现在进行时,可表示预计即将发生的动作。
( )5.I’m sorry,sir.Your car isn’t ready yet.It in the garage.
A.is being repaired B.is repaired
C.has been repaired D.hasn’t repaired
【答案】 A
【解析】 根据题中“Your car isn’t ready yet.”可知车现在还没修好,说明正在被修。因此用进行时的被动结构be being done。
( )6.By this time next year we from the college.
A.will be graduating B.should be graduating
C.will have graduated D.is graduating
【答案】 C
【解析】 “by+将来时间”表示在将来某一时间前已完成的动作。因此用将来完成时will have done。
( )7.I don’t know when his sister ,but when she , I’ll phone you.
A.will come;comes B.comes;will come
C.comes;comes D.will come;will come
【答案】 A
【解析】 前句“我不知道他妹妹什么时候会来”,可知come属于还没发生的动作,用一般将来时。后句中when(当……时候)引导的从句中,用一般现在时表示将来的意义。
( )8.Mr.Green isn’t here.He the library. He back in half an hour.
A.went to;is coming B.is going to;has come
C.has been to;will be D.has gone to;will come
【答案】 D
【解析】 根据题意“格林先生不在这里”,说明“他去了图书馆”(还没回来), has gone to表示“去了……”;后面in half an hour表示将来时间,因此come该用一般将来时。
二、语法填空:用适当的时态填空。
1.I (do) my homework when suddenly the light went out.
【答案】 was doing
【解析】 when引导的从句表示一个短暂的时间点,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,主句用过去进行时。
2.Tom (be) late for school this morning.
【答案】 was
【解析】 从题目中“this morning”表示过去某个时间。因此谓语用一般过去时。
3.My brother (listen) to music now.
【答案】 is listening
【解析】 从题中“now”可知,动词表示现在正在发生的动作。因此用现在进行时。
4.We (go) over our lessons when our English teacher leaves for Beijing tomorrow.
【答案】 will be going
【解析】 根据题意,“当我们英语老师明天前往北京的时候,我们将正在复习功课”,所填动词表示在将来某时刻正在进行的动作,因此用将来进行时结构will be doing。
5.The bus (leave) before we got to the bus stop.We had to wait for the next one.
【答案】 had left
【解析】 从题中后句“我们不得不要等待下一班车”可知,我们没有赶到车。所以“在我们到达车站前公交车已经离开了”。leave的动作应该比got to the bus stop早发生,因此用过去完成时。
6.I (write) a grammar book for the whole year,but I’ve not finished it yet.
【答案】 have been writing
【解析】 题中for the whole year表示一段时间,动作表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作,且还正在进行中,因此该用现在完成进行时。
7.We (watch) TV at that moment last night.
8.Susan (get) up early every morning.
【答案】 were watching
【解析】 过去某个具体时刻在做某事,用过去进行时态。
【答案】 gets
【解析】 every morning每天早上,表经常性的动作,用一般现在时。主语是第三人称单数,所以动词要加s。
9.If it (rain) tomorrow,we won’t go camping.
10.Great changes (take) place in my hometown since I left in 2000.
【答案】 rains
【解析】 在条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
【答案】 have taken
【解析】 since引导的时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时态。
高考话题:通知
NOTICE
In order to help students know more about computers,we have invited Professor Li from Beijing University to give us a lecture on Sunday,December 14th.Professor Li will give us a talk on the use of computer and how to learn through the Internet.
The lecture begins at 3 o’clock in the afternoon in Room 1101 of the teaching building.Whoever loves it is welcome to attend it.Of course you can come together with your friends.Please come with your questions on computer learning.Professor Li will leave you time for questions.
Don’t forget to be on time.
Students’ Union
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