(共37张PPT)
Unit Forty
重点词汇必背
一、重点单词
1.vital [ vaitl] adj.生命的;必不可少的;极重要的;致命的
2.vivid [ vivid] adj.鲜艳的;鲜明的;逼真的;生动的
3.volunteer [ v l n ti ] n.志愿参加者,志愿兵
v.自愿(做某事),自告奋勇
4.voyage [ v iid ] n.航海,航空,航行,航程;太空旅行
v.航海,航行,空中旅行
5.wander [ w nd ] v.徘徊;漫游;流浪;蜿蜒
6.Warn [w n] v.警告,告诫,预先通知
7.waste [weist] v.浪费,消耗;荒废 n.垃圾;污水;荒地
adj.无用的;荒废的
8.wealth [welθ] n.财产,财富
9.weight [weit] n.重,重量;体重;砝码
10.whisper [ wisp ] v.低语,耳语;低声地讲,私下里说
n.耳语,私语
11.whistle [ wisl] v.吹哨;鸣汽笛;带啸声而快速行进
n.口哨声;汽笛声;呼啸声
12.withdraw [wi dr ] v.缩回;收回;提取;撤销;撤离
13.witness [ witnis] n.目击者;证人;证言;证据
v.亲眼看见,目睹;证明
14.wonder [ w nd ] n.惊奇;奇迹;奇观 v.惊奇;想知道;怀疑
adj.奇妙的;非凡的
15.worth [w θ] adj.有……的价值,值得……的
二、重点短语
16.used to 过去常常
17.with the development of...随着……的发展
18.work hard (at) 努力学习、工作
19.work out计算出,解决(问题)
20.write to 给……写信
一、重点单词
1.volunteer n.志愿参加者,志愿兵 v.自愿(做某事),自告奋勇
构词 voluntary adj.自愿的,志愿的
voluntarily adv.自动地,自愿地;茫然不知所措地
用法 as a volunteer作为志愿者
例句 She volunteered as a governess.
她自愿做家庭教师。
核心词汇运用
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)他们当中有多少人是自愿效劳的
How many of them
(2)他以志愿兵从军。
He enlisted as a in the army.
(3)她目前忙于志愿工作。
She’s very taken up with work at the moment.
volunteered
volunteer
voluntary
2.warn v.警告,告诫,预先通知
构词 warning n.警告,警报,预兆
warner n.报警器,警告者
用法 be warned of sth.被发出关于……的警告
warn sb.against (doing) sth.
警告……不要,提醒,提防……
例句 He warned me against going there at night.
他警告我晚上不要到那里去。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)我告诫他不要再那样做。
I him do that again.
(2)镇上的居民预先得到通知说可能有地震。
The town’s people have been a possible earthquake.
warned
not to
warned of
3.waste v.浪费,(使)消耗;荒废 n.废物;荒地
adj.无用的;荒废的
构词 wasted adj.浪费的
wasteful adj.挥霍的
用法 waste water废水,污水
waste land荒地
waste sth.on 在……上耗费……
It’s a waste of time to do...
做某事是浪费时间
例句 It’s only a waste of time to speak to her.
和她说话纯粹是浪费时间。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)做这样千篇一律的工作是在浪费她的才能。
The routine work is her talents.
(2)工厂里的废水在流入河里之前应该经过处理。
from factories should be treated before flowing into rivers.
(3)不要糟蹋这样一个千载难逢的机会。
Don’t such a golden opportunity.
a waste of
Waste water
waste
4.wealth n.财产,财富
构词 wealthy adj.富有的
wealthiness n.富有
用法 live in great wealth 过着非常富裕的生活
a wealth of 大量的,丰富的
例句 Health is better than wealth.
健康胜于财富。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)财富并没有给他们带来幸福。
had not brought them happiness.
(2)她对中国很了解。
She has knowledge about China.
Wealth
a wealth of
5.weight n.重,重量;体重;砝码
构词 weigh v.衡量,称(重量),重达
weightless adj.无重力的;无重量的
weightlessness n.失重
weight-lifting n.举重
用法 lose weight 减轻体重
put on weight 增加体重
例句 That man is twice my weight.
那个人的体重是我的两倍。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)自从我上次见到他以来,他又长胖了。
He has since I last saw him.
(2)丢钱的事总是压在我心里。
The loss of the money has been a my mind.
put on weight
weight on
6.wonder n.奇迹;奇观 v.惊奇;想知道;怀疑
构词 wonderful adj.精彩的,极好的
wonderland n.仙境,奇境
用法 wonder about/at 对……好奇,疑惑,想知道
例句 I was wondering how to get there quickly.
我想知道怎样可以快速去到那里。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)不知他们是否能准时到达。
I they will arrive on time.
(2)他眼中露出惊奇的神色。
There was in his eyes.
wonder whether
a look of wonder
7.worth adj.有……的价值,值得……的
构词 worthy adj.有价值的;值得的
worthless adj.无价值的;无用的
用法 be worth doing 值得做……
例句 We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.
井干方知水可贵。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)那部电影真的很值得看。
The movie was definitely .
(2)他作为画家一事无成。
He was as a painter.
worth seeing
worthless
二、重点短语
8.with the development of...随着……的发展
比较 with the help of...在……的帮助下
with the hope of...抱着……的希望
例句 We will also press ahead with the development of new services.
此外,我们也会继续推出各项新服务。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)随着社会的发展,竞争日益激烈。
With ,the competition becomes fierce.
(2)随着经济的发展,中国人过上越来越好的生活。
With ,people are living better and better lives in China.
(3)我在教师的帮助下有了很大的进步。
I am making progress with my teachers.
the development of society
the development of economy
the help of
9.work hard (at)努力学习、工作
比较 hard-working adj.努力学习、工作的
例句 My English is very poor,so I will work hard at it.
我的英语水平很差,所以我得努力学习。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)他为个人目标努力工作着。
He towards a personal goal.
(2)我们必须在口语方面下苦功夫。
We must the spoken language.
works hard
work hard at
10.work out计算出,解决(问题),锻炼
比较 work out the problem 解决问题
例句 The police worked out a plan to catch the thief.
警察制定出了捉贼的方案。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)我相信你自己能做出这道题的。
I believe that you can this problem by yourself.
(2)我经常做运动以保持健康。
I regularly to keep fit.
work out
work out
题型突破——书面表达
一、书面表达的特点分析
广义地讲,全国卷的书面表达是半开放写作题,试题提供一定的情景内容,要求考生完成80字左右的书面材料。情景提供的方式有:文字提纲要点、图画(漫画、广告、其他图片)、图表等。体裁包括:应用文(留言条、请假条、通知、书信、电子邮件、日记、启事等)、记叙文、说明文、议论文、看图作文(图表式作文、图画式作文)等。写作时,考生可适当发挥,但不能随意展开,也不能逐条翻译。
二、常见几类作文
(一)应用类作文
应用类作文是高考英语书面表达最常见的一种考查形式。此类作文接近考生的生活实际,考生有话可说,能充分考查考生的真实写作水平。常见的应用文有书信、电子邮件、通知、日记、便条、启事、演讲稿等。尤以书信、电子邮件所占比例最大。一般情况下作文的开头及结尾部分已经给出,只要求考生写主体部分。在应用文的写作中应注意以下两个方面:
1.作文内容力求语言平实、简洁、准确,句子不宜过长,使读者或听众容易明白文章表达的信息。
2.不同的文体使用不同的人称和时态,在写作中人称时态要把握好。
(二)提纲类作文
提纲类作文是近年高考书面表达的热点题型。以列要点或用表格的形式呈现给考生相关信息,常有较多的文字说明,对考生需要表达的内容有明确的要求和一定的限制。考生在动笔之前,应该认真审题,弄清楚题目与提纲之间的关系及文章内容与提纲之间的关系,然后确定文章的中心思想及各个段落的中心思想,提炼段落主题句,保证段落中的内容能够充分展开并且符合题意。
(三)半开放、开放类作文
半开放、开放类作文往往给考生呈现有限的提示,留给考生更多思考的空间和自由发挥的余地。考生应仔细审题、确定文体,然后选择恰当的句式来准确表达题目要求的相关内容。半开放类作文表达时先描述材料的叙述部分。然后按材料要求对所给的要点自由发挥即可,但要符合实际,真实可信。开放类作文表达时先描述显性的部分,按一定的顺序(时间先后或空间转移)来组织材料。然后是隐性的部分,揭示寓意,突出主题。注意隐性部分和显性部分不能脱节,要有必然的联系。
三、解题步骤
1.仔细审题,理顺思路
审题是写作的关键,只有审好题才能理解题目所要表达的意思。不论是语言提示还是看图,动笔前都要仔细阅读试题,明确写作内容,如背景、人物、时间、体裁等要求。审题一定要慢,思路清晰后,迅速在有限的时间内完成写作。
2.草拟提纲,提炼要点
在明确题目要表达的意思后,针对题目特点,根据所列提纲,将内容进行分解,提炼出要点,不可遗漏信息,把主要内容所涉及的单词、短语或句型写出来。
3.变词为句,灵活变通
在提纲和要点清晰的前提下,选用自己最熟悉、最有把握的词语和句型将要点逐句表达出来。注意:①书面表达重在达意,忌直译和逐句罗列。②灵活表达,学会变通。③运用高级词汇和句型,如并列句、复合句、倒装句、强调句、分词结构、固定句型、经典引言等,克服母语干扰,力求使用地道英语,设置两三个“亮点”。④把握好文章的人称、时态和语态。
4.连句成文,连贯流畅
布好篇章结构,注意行文逻辑,恰当表达并列、递进、因果、转折、条件等关系,使句与句、段与段之间的意思连贯、衔接自然。
5.斟酌成文,追求完美
写作完成后,要检查短文是否扣住了提示或图画的内容,要点是否齐全,语法有无错误(时态、人称等,文体、格式是否正确);语句有无毛病,行文是否连贯,拼写有无错误,词数是否符合要求等。
6.书写规范,卷面整洁
书写规范、字迹清晰、卷面整洁自然会给阅卷者留下好印象,分数就不会低。
四、几种常用写作模板
(一)观点对比类
1.一般情况下先陈述两个对立的观点,最后给出自己的看法。
(1)有人认为……(2)而有的人则认为……(3)在我看来……
The theme of ① (主题) is becoming increasingly popular nowadays.There are two opposite opinions about it.Some say they are in favor of A.Their view is that ② (支持A的理由一). What is more,③ (理由二).Moreover,④ (理由三).
While others prefer B.The reasons are as follows.First(To begin with),⑤ (支持B的理由一).Second(Besides),⑥ (理由二).Last but not least(Finally),⑦ (理由三).
Personally,I think ⑧ (我的观点).The reason is that ⑨＿(原因).Actually,reasons are various.For me,the former is surely a wise choice.
2.有时候先给出一个观点,然后要求考生反驳这一观点。
Some hold the belief that ① (观点).For example,they think ② (理由).And ③ (他们认为的好处).
Based on my own opinion,I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④ (反对理由一).For another thing,
⑤ (反对理由二).
In short,I agree to the opinion that ⑥ (对文章所讨论主题的看法).
(二)主题阐述类
1.先阐述这句话或主题所蕴涵的意义;2.分析、举例并使其内容更充实。
As we know,the old famous saying ① (名言或谚语) reminds us that ② (释义).Indeed,we can learn a lot from it.
Firstly,③ (理由一).For example,④ (举例说明). Secondly,⑤ (理由二).Another case is that ⑥ (举例说明).Furthermore,⑦ (理由三).
But I think,⑧ (我的观点).In a word,whatever you do, please remember what the saying tells us.If you do as it tells you to, you’ll surely benefit a lot from it.
(三)问题解决类
一般要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径。
1.先陈述问题现状;2.然后探讨怎样解决。
Recently,we have to face the problem ① (问题一),which is becoming increasingly serious.Firstly,② (问题一的概况). Secondly,③ (列举说明现状).
Confronted with it,a series of effective measures should be taken to deal with the situation.For one thing,④ (方法一).For another,⑤ (方法二).Finally,⑥ (方法三).
In my opinion,I do believe that ⑦ (我的解决方法).As a consequence,I’m confident that a bright future is ahead of us because ⑧ (带来的好处).
(四)利弊对比类
一般先说明一下现状,然后对比事物本身的利弊,最后考生表明自己的观点(或对事物前景提出预测)。
1.陈述事物目前状况;2.事物本身的优缺点(或一方面);3.你对现状(或前景)的看法。
At present,many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally,its advantages can be seen as follows.First,① (A的优点一).Besides,② (A的优点二).
However,each coin has its two sides.Apparently, one of its disadvantages is that ③ (A的缺点一).Worse still/To make things worse,④ (A的缺点二).
Judging from the analysis mentioned above,I’m sure that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.So it’s obvious that I’d like to ⑤ (我的看法).
Therefore,we should take it reasonably and do it practically.Only in this way,⑥ (对未来情况的预测).
(五)问题回答类
Currently,there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) ①＿＿＿(作文题目),which is really important to every one of us.Consequently, immediate measures must be taken to solve this problem.
It’s known to all that many steps can be taken to solve this problem.First of all,② (途径一).In addition,another way of dealing with the problem is ③ (途径二).
Above all,there are various ways.But as far as I’m concerned,I’d prefer to solve the problem in this way,that is to say,④ (方法).
(六)图表图片类
The chart(图表) gives us an overall picture of the (图表主题).The first thing we notice is that (图表最大特点).This means that as , (进一步说明).
We can see from the statistics given that (图表细节一). After (细节一中的第一变化),the (紧跟着的变化). The figures also tell us that (图表细节二).We can see that (数据) accounts for (进一步描述).
Judging from these figures,we can draw the conclusion that ＿＿(结论).The reason for this is that (给出原因).It is high time that we (发出倡议).
(七)谚语警句类
What is known to us is that the proverb ① (谚语) has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ② (谚语的含义).The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows ③ (举例说明).
五、备考建议
1.加强词汇的积累。词汇是组词成文的基础。要提高书面表达能力,掌握一定的词汇量和常用的习惯用语是必要的。考生平时通过听、说、读、写的训练,不断接触新的语言材料,扩大和积累词汇和语言基础知识,为提高书面表达能力打下坚实的基础。
2.做组句成文练习。组句成文练习是进行书面表达的前期训练。通过组句成文练习,可以有效地培养自己的逻辑思维能力和训练自己连贯表达思想的能力。平时考生可以把一些无序的句子,根据情节、时间等重新组成短文,也可将课文问题答案串连起来形成一篇短文。
3.把阅读训练和书面表达训练结合起来。阅读为书面表达提供语言素材和体裁范例。考生通过篇章结构的分析,增进写作过程的了解。同时,阅读后,还可做编写提纲、概括大意、写读后感、仿写、改写等练习。
4.加强各种文体的练习。通过练习,掌握各种文体的格式,把握正确的表达方式,使文章更加切中题意。
5.贮备常见话题的写作题材。多准备一些贴近生活的社会热点材料,做到心中有数,言之有物。
高考话题:考前建议
Dear friends,
The college entrance examination is around the corner.In order that we can do well in the exam,I think the following tips may be helpful.
First of all,it’s important to get a good night’s sleep and eat a healthy breakfast on that day.Getting enough sleep will make us concentrate on the exam.Secondly,try to avoid nervousness and panic.
作文模板必背
It also makes sense to believe ourselves that we’ve gained enough knowledge.Last but not least,I think we should take a right attitude to the exam.Just try our best to do what we can do in the exam.
Thank you.
Yours,
Li Hua(共20张PPT)
Unit Forty
Ⅰ.重点词汇测试(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)
1. adj.必不可少的;极重要的
2.vivid
3. n.志愿者
4.voyage
5. v.徘徊;漫游
6.warn
vital
adj.鲜艳的;鲜明的;逼真的;生动的
volunteer
n.航海,航空,航程 v.航海,航行
wander
v.警告,告诫,预先通知
7. v.浪费,(使)消耗
8.wealth
9. n.重,重量
10.whisper
11. v.吹哨;鸣汽笛
12.withdraw
13. n.目击者;证人
14.wonder
15. adj.有……的价值,值得……的
waste
n.惊奇;奇观;奇人;奇迹
weight
v.低语,耳语;低声地讲,私下里说 n.耳语,私语
whistle
v.缩回;收回
witness
n.财产,财富
worth
16.used to
17. 随着……的发展
18.work hard (at)
19. 计算出,解决(问题)
20.write to
过去常常
with the development of ...
努力学习、工作
work out
给……写信
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As a general rule,all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis.As a matter of fact,we can see this principle at work in people of all 1 .For example,on Christmas morning,children are excited about 2 with their new toys.But their interest soon wear off and by January those 3 toys can be found put away in the basement.The world is full of 4 stamp albums and unfinished models,each standing as a monument to someone’s 5 interest.When parents bring home a pet,their child
6 bathes it and brushes its fur.Within a short time,however,the
7 of caring the animal is handed over to their parents.Adolescent enter high school with great 8 but soon looking forward to graduation.The same is true of the young adults going to the college.
And then,how many 9 ,who complain about the long drives to work, 10 drove for hours at a time when they first obtained their drivers licenses Before people retire,they usually 11 to do a lot of great things,which never had 12 while working.But 13 . after retirement,the golfing,the fishing,the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 14 .And,like the child in January,they go searching for new 15 .
(2014年新课标全国卷Ⅱ)
( )1.A.parties B.races C.countries D.ages
( )2.A.working B.living C.playing D.going
本文是一篇议论文。讲述了一旦我们的各种活动成为我们日常生活必须做的事情时,无论哪个年龄段的人都会感到无聊而半途而废了。
1.D [考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。其实我们在不同年龄的人在工作时都会看出这一点。]
2.C [考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。例如,在圣诞节的早晨,孩子们兴奋地玩他们的新玩具。]
( )3.A.same B.extra C.funny D.expensive
( )4.A.well-organized B.colorfully-printed
C.newly-collected D.half-filled
3.A [考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。到一月份可以发现那些一模一样的玩具被放在了地下室里。]
4.D [考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。这个世界充满了装了一半的集邮册和未完成的模型。]
( )5.A.broad B.passing C.different D.main
( )6.A.silently B.impatiently C.gladly D.worriedly
5.B [考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。每一个都如一个立在那里的纪念碑来纪念某个人短暂的兴趣。]
6.C [考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。当父母带一只宠物回家,他们的孩子高高兴兴地给它洗澡,给它刷毛。]
( )7.A.promise B.burden C.right D.game
( )8.A.excitement B.calmness
C.confusion D.courage
7.B [考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。然而,很快照顾动物的责任就交给了父母。]
8.A [考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。青少年进入高中时很激动。]
( )9.A.children B.students C.adults D.retirees
( )10.A.carefully B.eagerly C.nervously D.bravely
9.C [考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。前面根据年龄提到小孩子、十多岁的青少年、青年人,接下来一个就是说成年人了。]
10.B [考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。他们一开始拿到驾驶证时多么渴望一次开上几个小时。]
( )11.A.need B.learn C.start D.plan
( )12.A.time B.money C.skills D.knowledge
11.D [考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。在退休前人们经常计划做很多伟大的事。]
12.A [考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。这些事在工作期间都没有时间去做。]
( )13.A.only B.well C.even D.soon
( )14.A.lost B.chose C.left D.quit
13.D [考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。但是退休后不久,打高尔夫、钓鱼、读书和所有其他的消遣方式都变得无聊了。]
14.C [考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。这些想做的事就像他们离开的工作一样变得索然无味了。]
( )15.A.pets B.toys C.friends D.colleagues
15.B [考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。就像那个一月的孩子一样,他们又去寻找新的玩具了。]
Ⅲ.写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
最近,不少城市发出了“减少白色污染”的倡议,得到广大市民的支持。请以“People should not be encouraged to use plastic bags”为话题在博客上发表简单评论。
内容包括:1.塑料袋的危害;
2.防止措施。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
(degradable可降解的)
Plastic bags are very popular in our daily life.
Plastic bags are very popular in our daily life.But plastic bags are one of the major pollutants.We can see littered plastic bags thrown everywhere.While plastics isn’t degradable,once thrown in the environment,it’ll exist for long and pollute soil and water.What’s more,“white pollution” creates a bad image for China.
So government should make a law to forbid the use of plastic bags in department stores and supermarkets.Meanwhile,people should be encouraged to replace them with paper bags or cloth bags.
【思路点拨】
本文是一则简单评论,主要内容已经给出,学生很容易把握要点。本文应使用一般现在时,并使用第三人称。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The bell rang,announcing the end of the vivid art class Karson loved most.He was delighted that he had created a very satisfying work.So he walked to the back of the classroom to put his work away carefully.There,lying on the carpet in front of the classroom bookcase,was a golden ticket! Karson picked it up.His heart beat faster when he saw that the name line was blank.He couldn’t believe his luck!
The boys and girls in Karson’s class could earn golden tickets by doing well in their study or by being extra helpful or kind.Once a week their teacher drew a ticket out of a box on her desk and let the winner choose a prize.
Today was the golden ticket drawing,and here was another ticket, just for him! Karson looked around.No one else was near the ticket.
All his classmates were at their desks,laughing and talking with each other.Miss Evans was engaged in grading the papers collected earlier in the morning.
Karson decided to write his name on the blank line.Then he could put it into the prize box with the six tickets he’d already earned. With so many chances,one of his tickets would most probably be picked! Then he could choose the pink toy pig for his sister’s birthday,just like he had been hoping.
He smiled and reached for the pencil in his pocket.Suddenly his fingers stopped.There was a strange feeling in his chest,and it wasn’t his heartbeat.It’s finders keepers,right He wondered.He looked out of the window and tried to figure it out.On one hand,he did find the ticket,but he hadn’t earned it.Somebody must have lost it.But on the other hand,he did need this extra ticket for his great plan!
注意:1.所续写短文的词数应为 150左右;
2.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
Karson stared at the blank name line for a moment.
Paragraph 1
Karson stared at the blank name line for a moment.He knew his plan wouldn’t be so great if he won with a ticket that didn’t belong to him.So he walked up to his teacher.“Miss Evans,I happened to find this ticket on the floor near the bookcase.I think the one who lost it will look for it.And these are mine,” he said,dropping his six tickets into the box.When he turned around to leave,the teacher stopped him.
Paragraph 2
“Karson,I’d like you to have another ticket!” Miss Evans said. Karson was amazed and wondered why.Miss Evans smiled and signed to the class to quiet down,“Karson handed in the golden ticket he had just found.I think he is honest and deserves another one!” The class burst into loud applause.Karson happily went back to his seat, eagerly expecting the ticket drawing.He still wanted his name to be picked,but he would feel OK even if it wasn’t.After all,making the right choice did make him feel great!
Paragraph 2:
“Karson,I’d like you to have another ticket!” Miss Evans said.
