(共40张PPT)
Unit Fifteen
Ⅰ.重点词汇测试(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)
1. n.效果,结果;作用
2.effort
3. v.(投票)选举;推选;选择
4.employ
5. v.鼓励,鼓舞;奖励;促进
6.energy
effect
n.努力,艰难的尝试
elect
v.雇佣,聘请;利用,处理,使从事于
encourage
n.精力,能量;能力
7. n.工程师,技师
8.enough
9. v.进入;加入
10.entertainment
11. n.围绕;环境;四周;外界
12.equal
13. n.平等;相等;同等;均等
14.equipment
15. v.逃,逃脱;逃避;避免,免除
engineer
adj.足够的;充分的 adv.足够地;充分地 n.足够;充分
enter
n.招待,款待;娱乐(场所)
environment
adj.相等的;平等的 v.等于,使等于;比得上
equality
n.装备;配备;设备;装置
escape
16.do good to
17. 损害,对……有害
18.do/try one’s best
19. 在……方面做得好,擅长做……
20.due to_______________________________
对……有益
do harm to
尽力,尽某人最大的努力
do well in
原因是……,由于……
Ⅱ.阅读理解
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
Revolutionary TV Ears
TV Ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing loss hear the television clearly without turning up the volume (音量) and now it’s better and more affordable than ever!With TV Ears wireless technology,you set your own headset volume,while other TV listeners hear the television at a volume level that’s comfortable for them.You can even listen through the headset only and put the TV on mute(静音) if the situation calls for a quiet environment—maybe the baby is sleeping.Or perhaps you are the only one who is interested in listening to the ballgame.
.
TV Ears patented technology includes a revolutionary noise reduction car tip,not used in any other commercially available headset.This tip reduces outside noise so that television dialogue is clear and understandable.Get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding customers.That’s why TV Ears has earned the trust and confidence of audiologists(听觉学家) nationwide as well as world-famous doctors.
Doctor Recommended TV Ears!
“My wife and I have used TV Ears almost daily for the past two years and find them a great help in our enjoyment of television.As a retired ear doctor,I heartily recommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing loss.”
—Robert Forbes,M.D,CA
Customer Recommended TV Ears!
“Now my husband can have the volume as loud as he needs and I can have the TV at my hearing level.TV Ears is so comfortable that Jack forgets he has them on ! He can once again hear and understand the dialogue.”
—Darlene & Jack B,CA
Risk Free Trial!
TV Ears comes with a 30-day risk free trial.
Special Offer—Now $59.95.
If you’re not satisfied,return it.
Money-back guarantee!
Call now!800-123-7832.
(2015年北京卷)
( )1.TV Ears helps you .
A.improve your sleeping quality
B.listen to TV without disturbing others
C.change TV channels without difficulty
D.become interested in ballgame programs
本文是一个广告,介绍的是一个全新的“电视耳机”,题目比较简单。
1.B [细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“while other TV listeners hear the television at a volume level that’s comfortable for them”可知这种新型电视耳机不会打扰到其他人,符合B选项中的without disturbing others。故选B。]
( )2.What makes TV Ears different from other headsets
A.It can easily set TV on mute.
B.Its headset volume is adjustable.
C.It has a new noise reduction car tip.
D.It applies special wireless technology.
2.C [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“TV Ears patented technology includes a revolutionary noise reduction car tip,not used in any other commercially available headset.”可知,这个全新的“电视耳机”包括一个全新的降噪耳塞,故选C。]
( )3.This advertisement is made more believable by .
A.using recommendations
B.offering reasons for this invention
C.providing statistics
D.showing the results of experiments
3.A [细节理解题。文中中后段的内容很明显是来自医生和顾客的推荐(recommend),故选A。]
B
The Boy Made It!
One Sunday,Nicholas,a teenager,went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine.In the early afternoon,when he was planning to go home,a fierce snowstorm swept into the area.Unable to see far,he accidentally turned off the path.Before he knew it,Nicholas was lost,all alone! He didn’t have food,water,a phone,or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.
Nicholas had no idea where he was.He tried not to panic.He thought about all the survival shows he had watched on TV.It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.
He decided to stop skiing.There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put.The first thing he did was to find shelter form the freezing wind and snow.If he didn’t,his body temperature would get very low,which could quickly kill him.
Using his skis,Nicholas built a snow cave.He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle.Then he piled branches on top of himself,like a blanket,to stay as warm as he could.
By that evening,Nicholas was really hungry.He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water.Not knowing how much longer he could last,Nicholas did the only thing he could—he huddled(蜷缩) in his cave and slept.
The next day,Nicholas went out to look for help,but he couldn’t find anyone.He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter,he could die that night.On Tuesday,Nicholas went out to find help.He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.
Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV.He had often watched Grylls’ survival show.Man vs.Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that saved his life,in each episode(一期节目) of Man vs.Wild,Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.
When Grylls heard about Nicholas’ amazing deeds,he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.
(2015年北京卷)
( )4.What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon
A.He got lost. B.He broke his skis.
C.He hurt his eyes. D.He caught a cold.
本文属于故事类文章,讲的是一个小男孩在暴风雪中迷路,他不畏艰难,利用在电视中学到的野外生存知识逃脱困境的故事。
4.A [细节理解题。根据第一段第三行“Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost,all alone!”可知答案。说明Nicholas迷路了。故选A。]
( )5.How did Nicholas keep himself warm
A.He found a shelter. B.He lighted some branches.
C.He kept on skiing. D.He built a snow cave.
5.D [细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一行“Nicholas built a snow cave.”以及第二行“to stay as warm as he could”可知,Nicholas保持温暖的方式是建了一个雪洞。故选D。]
( )6.On Tuesday,Nicholas .
A.returned to his shelter safely
B.was saved by a searcher
C.got stuck in the snow
D.stayed where he was
6.B [细节理解题。根据第六段第三行“He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.”可知,星期二的时候, Nicholas被一名志愿搜索者救了。故选B。]
( )7.Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he
.
A.did the right things in the dangerous situation B.watched Grylls’ TV program regularly
C.created some tips for survival
D.was very hard-working
7.A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.”可知,Grylls这个人想表达一个小男孩能在如此困难的情况下成功逃生是难能可贵的,故选A。]
C
Life in the Clear
Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach.Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.Sonke Johnsen,a scientist in biology,says,“These animals live through their life alone.They never touch anything unless they’re eating it,or unless something is eating them.”
And they are as clear as glass.How does an animal become see-through It’s trickier than you might think.
The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light,bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light,stopping it dead in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it,so you can see it easily.
But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light,at least not very much.Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water.You don’t see it—you see the things behind it.
To become transparent,an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light.But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments,so its tissues won’t absorb light.According to Johnsen,avoiding absorption is actually easy.The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.
Animals are built of many different materials—skin,fat,and more—and light moves through each at a different speed.Every time light moves into a material with a new speed,it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering.Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat.Without much tissue to scatter light,it is easier to be see-through.Others build a large,clear mass of non-living jelly-lie(果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it.
Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge,because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.They need to look uniform.But how they’re doing it is still unknown.One thing is clear for these larger animals,staying transparent is an active process.When they die,they turn a non-transparent milky white.
(2015年北京卷)
( )8.According to Paragraph 1,transparent animals .
A.stay in groups
B.can be easily damaged
C.appear only in deep ocean
D.are beautiful creatures
本文属科技类短文,解释了生活在海洋的透明生物的特点、透明原理以及形成机制。
8.B [细节理解题。文章第一段第三行“Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.”得知B选项:透明动物是很容易受伤的。故选B。]
( )9.The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means .
A.silently B.gradually
C.regularly D.completely
9.D [词义猜测题。该词出现在文章第三段第三行。前文提到了:你能看到的物体一种是对光线进行了散射;而另外一种是对光线的吸收。既然吸收了,那在光的传播过程中就完全阻止了,因此这里dead是“完全”的意思。故选D。]
( )10.One way for an animal to become transparent is to .
A.change the direction of light travel
B.gather materials to scatter light
C.avoid the absorption of light
D.grow bigger to stop light
10.C [推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.”可知,想变透明就要避免散射或吸收光线,因此其中的一个方法是C选项,避免光线的吸收。故选C。]
( )11.The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals _______.
A.move more slowly in deep water
B.stay see-through even after death
C.produce more tissues for their survival
D.take effective action to reduce light spreading
11.D [推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的“...because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.”可以推断出D是正确答案。slow down对应reduce。]
D
Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life,mostly for the better.However,social changes are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.
An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college.Surveys(调查) on this topic suggest that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories.The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago.This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.
However,greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.
In the context(背景) of this discussion,it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children.If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently,would this have been possible Probably not.On the other hand,does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn’t present a generation ago Many studies show that older parents—today’s grandparents—would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.
Furthermore,studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new;nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.This phenomenon is neither good nor bad;it is a fact of college life,today and in the past.
Thanks to the advanced technology,we live in an age of bettered communication.This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college.But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.
(2015年北京卷)
( )12.The surveys inform us of .
A.the development of technology
B.the changes of adult children’s behavior
C.the parents’ over-protection of their college children
D.the means and expenses of students’ communication
本文以父母对于上大学的成年子女过度保护的问题为例,提出了科技带来的一些改变容易被误认为态度的改变的论点。
12.C [细节理解题。从第二段第二句“...parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories”调查显示现在的父母在孩子上大学之后仍然非常或者某种程度上过度保护子女。故选C。]
( )13.The writer believes that .
A.parents today are more protective than those in the past
B.the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantages
C.technology explains greater parental involvement with their children
D.parents’ changed attitudes lead to college children’s delayed independence
13.C [观点态度题。第三段作者提出调查的结果并不能理解为现在的家长对孩子不放手,接下来的两段作者论述了出现这种结果的真正原因是科技的发展使得交流手段更丰富,成本更低廉。见第四段最后一句“Many studies show that older parents—today’s grandparents—would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.”最后一段更是再次强调了这种观点。故选C。]
( )14.What is the best title for the passage
A.Technology or Attitude
B.Dependence or Independence
C.Family Influence or Social Changes
D.College Management or Communication Advancement
14.A [主旨大意题。由第一段第二句话得出。这种科技的改变容易被误认为态度的改变。第2-5段讨论到底是科技还是态度的改变。第6段再次明确表示是科技的改变。故选A。]
( )15.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage
A. B. C. D.
I:Introduction
P:Point
Sp:Sub-point(次要点)
C:Conclusion
15.B [文章结构题。文章第一段是introduction,第二段是第一个论点,指出父母在子女生活中参与度提高的现象。第三段是第二个论点(关键词However),指出通过调查并不能推断出父母未能对子女放手,分论点一是科技的进步导致父母对子女生活更多的参与,分论点二(关键词Furthermore)是子女经济不独立导致父母对子女生活的过多参与。最后一段总结。故选B。]
第二节(共5小题,每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
Speaking in front of people can be a rewarding and engaging experience,but it can also be terrifying.The power of public speaking is a key leadership skill. 16 Communicate effectively and communicate your message so that others listen,understand and act.
You’ve been asked to speak in front of others because you know something about the subject at hand.Those who invited you to speak already have confidence in your ability. 17 You know the subject and have been successful with it so be sure to be enthusiastic about your work.It’s fun for an audience to listen and engage with someone who is excited about the subject at hand.
18 Have a clear understanding about your audience before you begin crafting your speech.Your approach will vary if the audience members are experts in the field,students,or just people who are interested in the subject matter.
Get your facts straight. 19 Don’t lie and pretend to know something you do not.So spend time collecting and confirming your information.Too many public speakers are quick to present their opinions without providing clear substance.Avoid that trap.
Know your speech so well that you could give it from memory—but be sure to still keep your notes on you in case you forget key points. 20 Be sure to practice your speech by speaking slowly,clearly,and comfortably.
(2014年全国一模)
A.Learn from other great speech makers,adopt their skills and make them your own.
B.The more you learn and practice the science,the easier the art will work for you.
C.Never keep the key message till the end of your speech.
D.The skill of public speaking is both an art and a science.
E.Don’t stand there saying,“I think so” or “I’m not sure”.
F.Understand your audience.
G.Be confident in yourself.
本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍的是在大众面前演讲是一门科学也是一门艺术,为了达到良好的演讲效果需要注意的一些问题。
16.D [根据前一句“The power of public speaking is a key leadership skill.”可知,D项“公众演讲是一门科学也是一门艺术”两者意思相符,故选D。]
17.G [根据关键词“have confidence in your ability”可知,此处填“相信自己”符合语境,故选G。]
18.F [根据后面的“Have a clear understanding about your audience...”可知,本段谈论的是“理解观众”,故选F。]
19.E [根据主题句“Get your facts straight”和后面的“Don’t lie and pretend to know something you do not.”可知,“不要站在那里说:我认为这样或我不清楚”符合语境,故选E。]
20.B [根据关键词“practice your speech”再结合段意可知,你学习且实践得越多,你的演讲艺术就会越高,故选B。]
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下列材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
M:I’d like to mail this box to Hong Kong,madam.How much will it be,please
W:Do you want to send it first class 1 second class
M:How much is first class and how long does it take
W:(Holding the box)It is 2 light box.First class would cost $8.20.I guess it will take about eight to ten days 3 (arrive).
M:And second class
W: 4 (send) it second class would be cheaper,but it wouldn’t arrive for about a month.You will pay $4.90 only.
M:Oh,I want it to arrive 5 (early) than that.I will mail it first class.
W:What is in the box I need to know it in order to complete the form.
M:A set of glasses.Are there any 6 forms I need to fill out because it is going to a foreign country
W:Yes,one more.You have to write 7 (clear) what is in the box and the value.
M:Here it is.
W:Mm.You 8 (forget) to put a return address on this box. It’s not a post office rule,but we usually advise people that all mails have a proper return address.
M:OK.I will do it right now.And I will also buy ten 60-cent
9 (stamp).
W:Let me see.Your total bill 10 (come) to $14.20.
M:Thank you.Have a nice day.
W:You are welcome.
1.or [考查连词。选择关系。]
2.a [考查冠词。第一次出现,一个轻的盒子。]
3.to arrive [考查非谓语动词。句型it takes sometime to do sth.。]
4.Sending [考查非谓语动词。动名词作主语。]
5.earlier [考查副词比较等级。后面的than告诉我们用比较等级。]
6.other [考查代词。any other forms其他别的表格。]
7.clearly [考查词类转换。副词修饰动词write。]
8.forgot [考查动词时态。表给过来,但忘记写还回的地址了。]
9.stamps [考查名词的单复数。前面的ten告诉我们是复数。]
es [考查动词时态。主语是单数,一般现在时。] (共35张PPT)
Unit Fifteen
重点词汇必背
一、重点单词
1.effect [i fekt] n.效果,结果;作用
2.Effort [ ef t] n.努力,艰难的尝试
3.elect [i lekt] v.(投票)选举;推选;选择
4.employ [im pl i] v.雇用,聘请;利用,处理,使从事于
5.encourage [in k rid ] v.鼓励,鼓舞;奖励;促进
6.energy [ en d i] n.精力,能量;能力
7.engineer [end i ni ] n.工程师,技师
8.enough [i n f] adj.足够的;充分的 adv.足够地;充分地
n.足够;充分
9.enter [ ent ] v.进入;加入;参加;把……记入
10.entertainment [ ent teinm nt] n.招待,款待;娱乐(场所)
11.Environment [in vair nm nt] n.围绕;环境;四周;外界
12.equal [ i kw l] adj.相等的;平等的
v.等于,使等于;比得上
13.equality [i kw l ti] n.平等;相等;同等;均等
14.equipment [i kwipm nt] n.装备;配备;设备;装置
15.escape [i skeip] v.逃,逃脱;逃避;避免,免除
n.逃亡,逃走;免除
二、重点短语
16.do good to 对……有益
17.do harm to 损害,对……有害
18.do/try one’s best 尽力
19.do well in 在……方面做得好
20.due to 原因是……,由于……
一、重点单词
1.effect n.效果,结果;作用
构词 effective adj.有效的;生效的;实际的
effectively adv.有效地
用法 have a good/bad effect on
对……有好或坏作用或影响
例句 Salt has a preservative effect on food.
盐对食物有防腐作用。
核心词汇运用
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)酒精对司机的影响很坏。
Alcohol has a very drivers.
(2)做广告往往是最有效的推销方法。
Advertising is often the most method of promotion.
(3)惩罚对他没有什么效果。
Punishment had very him.
bad effect on
effective
little effect on
2.effort n.努力,艰难的尝试
构词 effortless adj.容易的;不费力气的;应付自如的
effortlessly adv.毫不费力地,轻易地
用法 make efforts/an effort/every effort to do
努力做某事
make every effort
尽一切努力,竭尽全力
例句 They are making every effort to decrease the production cost.
他们正尽力减少生产成本。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)珍妮努力使自己镇定下来。
Jennie made a to calm herself down.
(2)学习一种语言是需要时间和精力的。
Learning a language requires time and .
(3)我将尽一切努力准时到达。
I will to arrive on time.
great effort
effort
make every effort
3.encourage v.鼓励,鼓舞;奖励;促进
构词 encouragement n.鼓励,激励
用法 encourage sb.to do鼓励某人做……
encourage sb.in 在(某方面)鼓励某人
例句 I encourage them to learn from each other.
我鼓励他们互相学习。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)教师常鼓励学生积极参与课堂。
Teachers often class participation.
(2)我父母亲经常鼓励我学习。
My parents always me my studies.
encourage
encourage
in
4.energy n.精力,能量;能力
构词 energetic adj.精力旺盛的;有力的
用法 solar energy 太阳能
sound energy 声能
energy sources 能源
例句 Young people usually have more energy than the old.
青年人通常比老年人精力充沛。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)奥克兰是个充满活力的城市。
Auckland is a city .
(2)他就太阳能的利用做了一场演讲。
He gave a lecture on the use of .
(3)他的儿子是个精力旺盛的孩子。
His son is an child.
full of energy
solar energy
energetic
5.enough adj.足够的;充分的 adv.足够地;充分地
n.足够;充分
用法 enough for (doing) sth.对……足够的
enough of 对……厌烦的
enough to do足以做
例句 I haven’t enough time to read/for reading.
我没有足够的时间读书。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)他很勇敢,足以面对各种危险。
He is to face dangers.
(2)两千打够卖吗
Will 2,000 dozen be selling
(3)我真受够了。
I’ve had that.
(4)恐怕我是吃得过多了。
I’m afraid I’ve eaten .
brave enough
enough for
enough of
more than enough
6.enter v.进入;加入;参加;把……记入
构词 entrance n.入口;进入;登场;进入权
用法 enter into 进入
enter for 报名参加
例句 Please do not enter before knocking on the door.
进来前请先敲门。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)明天我会在动物园的入口处和你见面。
I’ll meet you of the zoo tomorrow.
(2)已有许多人报名参加跳高比赛。
Many competitors have the high jump.
(3)关于细节问题我们下次会议上再讨论。
We’ll details at the next meeting.
at the entrance
entered for
enter into
7.equal adj.相等的;平等的 v.等于,使等于;比得上
构词 equality n.同等,平等;等式
equally adv.平等地
用法 equal in 在……方面相等的
equal to 等于
equal with 与……平等
例句 All countries,big and small,should be equal.
国家不论大小,一律平等。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)妇女要求同工同酬。
Women demand for equal work.
(2)没有人在智力方面能比得上他。
Nobody can intelligence.
(3)在享受福利待遇方面男女平等。
Women shall be men in the enjoyment of welfare benefits.
equal pay
equal him in
equal with
二、重点短语
8.do harm to损害,对……有害
比较 be harmful to 对……有害
do great/much harm to 对……危害极大
例句 Smoking and drinking do harm to health.
吸烟、饮酒有害于健康。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)躺在床上看书对你的眼睛是有害的。
Reading in bed will your eyes.
(2)坏书对孩子们的危害极大。
Bad books children.
do harm to
do great harm to
9.do/try one’s best尽力,尽某人最大努力
比较 spare no effort/go all out 不遗余力
=try/do one’s best
例句 He is trying his best to understand what she said.
他正在尽力弄明白她说的话。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)一个好老师总是会尽力为学生解疑。
A good teacher never fails to to answer his students’ questions.
(2)我们将尽全力帮助贫困者。
We shall to help the poor.
try his best
do/try our best 或spare no effort/go all out
10.due to原因是……,由于……
比较 thanks to/because of/owing to由于
①due to 用于较庄重的书面语中,侧重“起因于”,在句中多作表语,有时作状语。
②owing to 可以和due to换用,但在句中多作状语,也可作表语。
③because of 着重某个结果的原因,在句中通常作状语。
④thanks to 突出一种感激之情,含“多亏”意味。
例句 His success was largely due to luck.
他的成功主要靠运气。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)一些学生因贫困而辍学。
Some students quit school poverty.
(2)多亏你及时帮助。
your timely help.
(3)由于缺乏经验,我没有把工作做好。
my lack of experience,I didn’t do the work well.
due to/because of/owing to
Thanks to
Owing to
句子成分:构成句子的各个部分
语法突破——句子成分
成分 定义 充当词
主语
Subject 一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。 名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、主语从句等。
谓语
Predicate 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。一般放在主语之后。 实义动词或动词短语、系表结构、情态动词+动词原形和助动词加动词适当形式(原形、分词)。
宾语
Object 表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词、宾语从句等。
续表：
成分 定义 充当词
表语
Predicative 用于说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,get, look,
grow,turn 等)之后。 名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句等。
定语
Attributive 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 形容词、动名词、分词、不定式、名词、数词、代词、介词短语和定语从句等。
状语
Adverbial 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。 副词、名词、介词短语、不定式和状语从句等。
续表：
成分 定义 充当词
补足语
Comple-
ment 宾
补 用以补充说明宾语的性质和状态。 名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句等。
主
补 补充说明主语。 名词、形容词、不定式和从句等。
同位语
Appositive 说明或解释前面的名词,是并列关系。 名词、代词、从句等。
插入语
Parenthesis 在一个句子中插入一个成分,它不作句子成分,也不和其他成分发生结构关系。 形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、代词、从句等。
呼语
Vocative 用来对人(动物、物件 等)的称呼。 事物的名字。
【句子成分高考考点分析】
下面是近几年高考题对句子成分的考查。通过这些题目,我们来分析一下句子成分的用法和考点主要分布情况。
1.(2009年广东卷) ...She remembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father....people stepped on your feet or 34 (push) you with their elbows(肘部),hurrying ahead to get to a bargain....Jane paused in front of a counter 35 some attractive ties were on display....She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while,she knew that this was a present which was bound to please 38 ....“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane 40 (inform).
【分析】 31.it;34.pushed;35.where;38.him;40.was informed。31小题的it在宾语从句中作形式主语,代替后面的真正主语to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father。34小题的pushed和stepped作并列谓语。35小题的where是引导定语从句,在从句中作地点状语。38小题填代词him,在句中作动词please的宾语。40小题was informed在句中作谓语。
2.(2010年广东卷) ...He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder 32 had been his teacher.After a four-day journey, the young man 33 (present) the water to the old man.His teacher took a deep drink,smiled 34 (warm),and thanked his student very much for the sweet water....He spit it out, 37 (say) it was awful.Apparently,it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container.He asked his teacher,“Sir,the water was awful.Why did you pretend to like 38 ”...
【分析】 32.who;33.presented;34.warmly;37.saying;38.it。
32小题的who引导定语从句,在从句中作主语。33小题presented在句中作谓语。34小题的warmly作状语修饰动词smiled。37小题的saying在从句中作伴随状语。38小题填代词it,在句中作动词like的宾语。
3.(2011年广东卷)...I got on the bus and found a seat near the back,and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front.He 19 (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.He must be 20 (mental) disabled....Behind him were other people to 21 he was trying to talk,but after some minutes 22 walked away and sat near me,looking annoyed.
【分析】 18.sitting;19.pretended;20.mentally;21.whom;22.he。
18小题的sitting在句中作宾语补足语。19小题pretended在句中作谓语。20小题的mentally作状语修饰形容词disabled。21小题的whom在定语从句中作介词to的宾语。22小题填代词he,在句中作主语。
4.(2012年广东卷)...He walked in as if he 17 (buy) the school, and the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.... Mary felt 18 (please),because there were many empty seats in the room....Of course whenever they turned to look at him,they had to look at Mary, 22 made her feel like a star....and all the other students wondered 24 the boy would do.Then he took 25 off,gave a big smile and said “That is cool”.
【分析】 17.had bought;18.pleased;22.which;24.what;25.them。17小题的had bought在句中作谓语。18小题pleased在句中作表语。22小题的which在定语从句中作主语。24小题的what在宾语从句中作介词do的宾语。25小题填代词them,在句中作宾语。
掌握句子成分对分析句子结构是很重要的,是写好句子的前提。我们在学习过程中一定要熟悉何种词性作何种成分。
【同步练习】
请指出下列句子中画线部分的词性和句子成分。
1.Studying English is very important.
2.It is important for us to have our dreams.
【答案】 动名词,主语。
【答案】 不定式,真正主语。
3.The sun rises in the east.
4.She handed him a book.
【答案】 动词,谓语。
【答案】 间接宾语,代词。
5.My wallet is on the desk.
6.The whole class got excited at the good news.
【答案】 介词短语,表语。
【答案】 动词和形容词,系表结构作谓语。
7.That building being repaired is our library.
8.He did his homework carefully at home.
【答案】 现在分词,定语。
【答案】 副词,状语。
9.We heard her singing a song.
10.He told me to make my own decision.
【答案】 现在分词短语,宾补。
【答案】 不定式,主补。
高考话题:计划与愿望(plans and intentions)——大学生活
As far as I know,life at college means more opportunities and challenges as well as more freedom.Therefore,I shall set a goal for myself, making a plan and sticking to it.With more freedom,I shall arrange the time properly to enrich my knowledge in the library,to participate in various activities and to enjoy some healthy forms of recreation.Besides,I shall seize every opportunity and make the most of them.Furthermore,I will never give in to any difficulty;on the contrary,I’ll accept all the challenges to improve myself in adaptability and social skills,etc.
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