(共44张PPT)
Unit Seven
重点词汇必背
一、重点单词
1.challenge [ t l nd ] n.挑战;考验;难题;艰巨任务
v.向……挑战;邀请……比赛
2.champion [ t mpi n] n.冠军,优胜者
3.chance [t a ns] n.机会,可能性;偶然
4.character [ k r kt ] n.性格,品格;(汉)字,字体
5.charge [t a d ] v.收费;管理;索价;将(电池)充电,装满;控告
n.费用;管理
6.chat [t t] v.聊天,闲谈n.聊天,闲谈,非正式的谈话
7.cheat [t i t] n.骗子;欺诈;欺骗行为
v.骗取,哄骗;欺诈;作弊
8.check [t ek] n.支票 v.校对,核对;检查
9.chief [t i f] adj.主要的,首要的 n.领导,首领
10.choose [t u z] v.选择,挑选;选定
11.civilization [ siv lai zei n] n.文明;文化;开化;教养(也可写成 civilisation)
12.classify [ kl sifai] v.分类,归类,分等级
13.click [klik] v.点击(计算机用语)
14.coach [k ut ] n.教练;马车,长途公共汽车
v.当教练;指导,辅导
15.colleague [ k li g] n.同事,同僚
二、重点短语
16.be known as 以……出名
17.be late for 迟到
18.be/get lost 迷路,消失,丢失
19.be made from/of 由……制造
20.be popular with 受……欢迎的
一、重点单词
1.chance n.机会,可能性;偶然 v.偶然发生;碰巧;冒……(的险)
用法 by chance 偶然,碰巧
take a chance/chances 冒险,投机
grasp a chance 抓住机会
miss a chance错过机会
例句 Please give me a chance to explain.
请给我个机会解释一下。
核心词汇运用
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)我遇见她完全是偶然的。
I met her quite .
(2)她绝不会错过出国学习的机会。
She will never to study abroad.
(3)我认为在生活中你就得去冒险。
I believe you have to in life.
by chance
miss a chance
take chances/a chance
2.charge v.收费;管理;索价;将(电池)充电,装满;控告n.费用;管理
用法 charge sb.with sth.因某事控诉某人
in charge of 负责或照管某人或物
例句 How much do you charge for the cap
这顶帽子要价多少
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)嫌疑犯因谋杀他的妻子而被控诉。
The suspect murdering his wife.
(2)这位护士负责照顾这些病人。
The nurse is the patients.
(3)修鞋要多少钱
How much do you mending shoes
was charged with
in charge of
charge for
3.cheat n.骗子;欺诈;欺骗 v.骗取,哄骗;欺诈;作弊
构词 cheating n.欺骗行为
用法 be cheated of/into doing sth.
被骗去某物或被骗去做某事
例句 I would rather fail than cheat in the examination.
我宁愿考不及格,也不愿意考试作弊。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)He is a shameless(无耻) .
(2)他被骗得相信自己是最聪明的。
He was cheated that he was the smartest.
cheat
into believing
4.check n.检查;支票 vt.校对,核对;检查
用法 美国人常将check指“支票”,而英国人则常用cheque来表示支票。
check in (飞机等)报到,登记
check out (旅馆等)结账离开;检验;查核
例句 Do look out for spelling mistakes when you check your homework.
你检查作业时要当心拼写错误。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)乘客应在班机起飞前一小时办理登机手续。
Passengers should one hour before their flight time.
(2)他打算在星期二结账离开旅馆。
He plans to on Tuesday.
check in
check out
5.chief adj.主要的,首要的 n.领导,首领
构词 chiefly adv.主要地
用法 chief engineer 总工程师
editor-in-chief主编
例句 The chief aim of man is not to get money.
人的主要目的并不是赚钱。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)主编删去了最后一段。
cut out the last paragraph.
(2)稻子是这一地区的主要作物。
Rice is in this area.
(3)唐被委任为该项工程的总工程师。
Don was appointed of the project.
The editor-in-chief
the chief crop
chief engineer
6.choose v.选择,挑选;选定
构词 过去式: chose 过去分词: chosen
choice n.选择
用法 choose from/between/among 从……中挑选
choose as/to be 把……选作
例句 He chose not to go home until later.
他决定晚一点才回家。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)你们将选谁当新班长
Who will you your new monitor
(2)你可以从六种流行风格中选择。
You may six popular styles.
choose as
choose from
7.classify v.分类,归类,分等级(按照事物类型、质量或是否相似进行分类。)
构词 classification n.分类
用法 classify ...into/as把……分类成
classify by/according to按……分类
例句 The books in the library are classified by subject.
图书馆的书是按科目分类的。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)我宁可把他的小说归类于科幻小说。
I’d rather his novels science fiction.
(2)Classify them their usage.
classify
as
according to/by
二、重点短语
8.be/get lost迷路,消失,丢失
用法 get lost 滚开(口语)
eg.Tell him to get lost.叫他滚。
be lost in thought 陷入沉思
例句 I have a very bad sense of directions,so I easily get lost.
我的方位感很差,因此我容易迷路。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)Looking at the blue sky,the young girl was thought.
(2)His words were the students.
(3)分秒必争。
There was not a moment to .
lost in
lost on
be lost
9.be made from/of由……制造
比较 be made in在……制造
be made up of 由……组成、构成 (强调主语由两部分或两 个以上的部分构成或组成。)
be made from 指从原料到制成品,发生了质的变化,已无法 复原(属化学变化)。
be made of 指从原料到制成品,只发生了形状变化,没有发 生本质变化(属物理变化)。
例句 Many items in daily use are made of plastic.
很多日常生活用品是用塑料制成的。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)These gloves leather(皮革).
(2)水是由氧和氢组成。
Water oxygen and hydrogen.
(3)我希望我的员工都由优秀的工人构成。
I want my staff to be excellent workers.
(4)This antique(古老而珍贵的) chair 1750.
are made of
is made from
made up of
was made in
10.be popular with受……欢迎的
比较 be popular with=be popular among/in
be popular as 作为……受欢迎
例句 Tom has always been popular among his classmates.
汤姆在同学中一直很受欢迎。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)The reporter is popular his audience.
(2)Mo Yan is popular a writer in the world.
(3)The song is popular teenagers.
with
as
with
一、主谓一致概念和原则
语法突破——主谓一致
主
谓
一
致 定义 原则 概念
谓语动词的使用要与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 语法
一致 主语的单复数决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。
All the students are here now.
意义
一致 主语和谓语的一致是由主语所表达的内在含义决定的。
His family are having lunch now.His family is very large.
就近
原则 谓语的数是由最临近的主语的单复数确定的。
There is an eraser,and three pencils here.
Neither he nor his classmates are fond of it.
二、主谓一致中的一些情况
情况 处理方式 举例
and连接的并列单数主语前若分别由each,every,no,
many a等修饰时。 看成单数 Every boy and every girl in our class has an English-Chinese dictionary.
neither...nor...;either...or...; not only...but also...;There be...and...。 就近原则 Either you or I am wrong.
Not only he but also we’re into it.
续表：
情况 处理方式 举例
主语后跟as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,together with,with,
like,rather than,but,except, besides,including,in addition to等短语时。 与前面的主语保持一致 She,together with her parents,watches TV every night.
My daughter,like all the children,likes cartoons.
some,any,more,
most,all,what,
which,who,the
rest等词作主语时。 与它们所指代的词的单复数一致 Some of the students were absent from school today.
Some of the food has gone bad.
续表：
情况 处理方式 举例
集体名词family,audience, crew,crowd,class,
company,committee等作主语时。 主语指整体用单数,反之用复数 Their class is on the first floor.
Our class are having an English class.
以s结尾的不可数名词或学科如news,maths,
physics,politics
作主语时。 谓语用单数 Nowadays politics is paid more attention to.
书名、剧名、报纸名称及国家名称的复数名词作主语时。 谓语用单数 The United States has 50 states.
The Times is very famous.
续表：
情况 处理方式 举例
定语从句中主语是关系代词who, that,which时。 与先行词一致 She will go with her friends who are all older than her.
由there或here引导的句子。 就近原则 Here is a river and some boats.
the+形容词指一类人作主语时。 复数 The rich often help the poor in HK.
half of,part of,
most of,a portion of等词引导主语时。 与of后的名词一致 Half of my time is spent on English.
Most of the teachers here are women.
三、谓语用单数的情况
情况 举例
many a或more than one所修饰的词作主语时。 More than one student has visited the Great Wall.
every,each,some, no,any构成的复合代词作主语时。 Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
金钱、时间、价格或度量衡作主语时。 1,000 dollars is not enough.
非谓语动词作主语时。 Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
在数学四则运算中。 One plus two is three.
主语从句作主语时。 Who will go there is not decided.
【主谓一致高考考点分析】
下面是近几年高考题对主谓一致的考查。通过这些题,我们来分析一下主谓一致的用法和考点主要分布情况。
1.(2009年广东卷)...When Jane got home,with her small but well-chosen present in her bag,her parents were already 39 table having supper.Her mother was excited.“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane 40 (inform).
【分析】 根据主谓一致的原则:主语与谓语动词要在人称和单复数上保持一致。所以考题中填谓语动词时一定要考虑这一原则,如:40题,主语是Jane (单数),时态是过去时,语态是被动语态,故填was informed。
2.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
【分析】 67.is。考查主谓一致。句意:快餐食物中充满了脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”,表示一类食物,为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
3.(2018年全国卷Ⅰ)While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.
【分析】 67.is。考查主谓一致。根据从句的can’t以及says可知用一般现在时态,主语是it,故谓语动词用单数形式即is。
4.(2019年全国卷Ⅰ)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six 70 (be) stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.
【分析】 70.are。考查主谓一致。根据前文“three are”可知此处用are。six是复数含义。
5.(2020年全国卷Ⅰ)“This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it 67 (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed”.
【分析】 67.means。考主谓一致和时态。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家卡尔·皮埃特斯说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”由上文“This really excites scientists”可知,是一般现在时,主语是it,故填means。
6.(2022年全国卷Ⅰ)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be) previously unprotected...
【分析】 58.were。考查时态和主谓一致。设空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语,先行词a significant number of areas在从句中作主语,根据“previously unprotected(之前未保护)”可知定语从句的时态为一般过去时,而主语是复数,故填were。句意:该计划将保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区。
通过对高考题中语法填空题和写作的分析,我们可以看出:主谓一致原则贯穿在整个英语教学中,涉及每一个句子,所以我们在学习和复习时,要重点复习以上原则及其基本用法,了解一些固定搭配等。
全国卷的改错题中有主谓一致的考点。一般考查主语的数与谓语动词的数的一致性。
【同步练习】
一、单项选择
( )1.Neither Bill nor his parents at home yesterday evening.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
【答案】 D
【解析】 neither ...nor ...;either ...or ...;not only ...but also ...; There be ...and ...,就近原则,即主语是his parents。
( )2.The paper for books and newspapers made of wood.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
【答案】 B
【解析】 主语paper为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。
( )3.I,who your friend,will try my best to help you with your English.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
【答案】 A
【解析】 主语who与先行词I是相同的,所以谓语动词由I来定。
( )4.The rich not always happy.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
【答案】 B
【解析】 定冠词加形容词表示一类人,the rich指所有富人。
( )5.Mary as well as her sisters Chinese in China.
A.are studying B.have studied
C.studies D.study
【答案】 C
【解析】 主语后跟as well as,as much as,no less than,along with, together with,with,like,rather than,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等短语时,与前面的主语保持一致,即主语是Mary。
( )6.Not only my brother but also I good at painting.Both of us good painters.
A.are;are B.am;am C.am;are D.is;is
【答案】 C
【解析】 neither ...nor ...;either ...or ...;not only ...but also ...; There be ...and ...,就近原则,第一空的主语是I。
( )7.Every boy and every girl to attend the evening party.
A.wish B.wishes
C.is like D.like
【答案】 B
【解析】 and连接的并列单数主语前若分别由each,every,no, many a等修饰时,看作单数。
( )8.There a pen,two pencils and three books on the desk.
A.have B.has C.are D.is
【答案】 D
【解析】 由there或here引导的句子用就近原则。
( )9.The Arabian Nights well known to the English.
A.is B.are
C.was D.were
【答案】 A
【解析】 主语是一本书。
( )10.The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world.
A.is B.are C.was D.were
【答案】 A
【解析】 主语是一个国家。
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.Playing too much computer games (be) bad for your health.
2.Recently the number of the visitors to Hong Kong (increase).
【答案】 is
【解析】 动名词作主语,看作单数。
【答案】 has increased
【解析】 数字作主语,看作单数。
3.What he said and what he did (hurt) his mother deeply.
4.More than one room (need) tonight.
【答案】 has hurt/hurt
【解析】 从句作主语,看作单数。
【答案】 is needed
【解析】 many a或more than one所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
5.The bus,including the passengers on it, (be) OK.
6.Three hours (be) used to write my article this morning.
【答案】 is
【解析】 主语后跟as well as,as much as,no less than,along with, together with,with,like,rather than,but,except,besides,including,in addition to等短语时,与主语保持一致。
【答案】 was
【解析】 时间作主语,看作单数。
7.When night comes,no sound and no voice (hear).
8.It’s said that when to start and where to go (decide).
【答案】 is heard
【解析】 and连接的并列单数主语前若分别由each,every,no, many a等修饰时,用单数。
【答案】 has been decided
【解析】 and连接的是同一件事,看成是一个整体,谓语动词用单数。这件事是由人来决定的,所以用被动语态。
9.The rest of the lecture (be) too boring.
10.Let’s begin,since all (be) here.
【答案】 is
【解析】 half of,part of,most of,a portion of 等词引导主语时,与主语一致。
【答案】 are
【解析】 all指所有人,可数名词复数。
高考话题:日常活动(daily routines)——早起的好处
Getting up early is a good habit which is of benefit to us.By getting up early,we can take some sports in the morning,which is good for our health.Besides,the fresh air and quietness in the morning make us think more quickly than any other time of the day and memorize what we have learned more easily.Last but not least,getting up early can also help us train our character.It should be kept in mind that only when we get into the habit of getting up early every day can we keep a healthy body.
作文模板必背(共35张PPT)
Unit Seven
Ⅰ.重点词汇测试(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)
1. n.挑战;考验;艰巨任务
2.champion
3. n.机会,可能性;偶然
4.character
5. v.要求收费;掌管,管理
6.chat_______________________________________
challenge
n.冠军,优胜者
chance
n.性格,品格;符号,字母
charge
v.聊天,闲谈 n.聊天,闲谈,非正式的谈话
7. n.骗子;欺诈 v.骗取
8.check
9. adj.主要的,首要的
10.choose
11. v.分类,归类,分等级
12.civilization
13. v.点击
14.coach
15. n.同事,同僚
cheat
n.支票;检查 vt.核对;检查
chief
v.选择,挑选;选定
classify
n.文明;文化;开化;教养
click
n.教练;马车,长途公共汽车 v.当教练;指导,辅导
colleague
16.be known as
17. 迟到
18.be/get lost
19. 由……制造
20.be popular with___________________
以……而出名
be late for
迷路,消失,丢失
be made from/of
受……欢迎的
Ⅱ.阅读理解
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
Pacific Science Center Guide
◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store
Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or remember your visit.The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.
◆Hungry
Our exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options,in addition to seasonal specials.The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.
◆Rental Information
Lockers are available to store any belongs during your visit.The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3.Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance.ID required.
◆Support Pacific Science Center
Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion (热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science,math and technology.Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals,corporations,and other social organizations.Visit pacificorganizer.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center. (2017年新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
( )1.Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center
A.In Building 1. B.In Building 3.
C.At the Laser Dome. D.At the Denny Way entrance.
这是一个关于Pacific Science Center的广告。
1.B [事实细节题。根据第一段第二句The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.可知Pacific Science Center的购物点在Laser Dome旁边的3号楼上。故选B。]
( )2.What does Pacific Science Center do for schools
A.Train Science teachers.
B.Distribute science books.
C.Inspire scientific research.
D.Take science to the classroom.
2.D [事实细节题。根据第四段第二句Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State.可知现在Pacific Science Center每年向130多万人提供服务,并开始把科学教育带到教室。故选D。]
( )3.What is the purpose of the last part of the text
A.To encourage donations.
B.To advertise coming events.
C.To introduce special exhibits.
D.To tell about the Center’s history.
3.A [根据文章最后一段最后一句Visit pacificorganizer.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.可知作者支持Pacific Science Center,也就是鼓励人们为之提供帮助,做贡献。故选A。]
B
I work with Volunteers for Wildlife,a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured,displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking;survival is never certain.However,when it works,it is simply beautiful.
I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground.When I arrived,I saw a 2-to-3-week-old owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.
I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine.If I could locate the nest,I might have been able to put it back,but no luck.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest,and it quickly calmed down.
Now all that was needed were the parents,but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.
A nervous night to be sure,but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH!The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.
(2017年新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
( )4.What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1
A.Efforts made in vain.
B.Getting injured in his work.
C.Feeling uncertain about his future.
D.Creatures forced out of their homes.
本文讲述的是作者救助小猫头鹰的故事。
4.A [事实细节题。根据第一段第二句Trying to help injured,
displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.可知救助受伤的动物是令人心碎的,因为不知道救助的动物是否能活下来,也就是为救助动物而花费的努力可能会白费,这是不可避免的。故选A。]
( )5.Why was the author called to Muttontown
A.To rescue a woman. B.To take care of a woman.
C.To look at a baby owl. D.To cure a young owl.
5.C [事实细节题。根据第二段第二句She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground.可知有人给作者打电话是因为有只小猫头鹰掉在地上了,作者赶过去看看情况。文中并没有说小猫头鹰受伤了,作者只是过去看看情况,故D不对。故选C。]
( )6.What made the chick calm down
A.A new nest. B.Some food.
C.A recording. D.Its parents.
6.A [事实细节题。根据第四段最后一句I placed the chick in the nest,and it quickly calmed down.可知在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后,它很快就安静下来,所以是窝让小猫头鹰安静下来的。故选A。]
( )7.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event
A.It’s unexpected. B.It’s beautiful.
C.It’s humorous. D.It’s discouraging.
7.B [推理判断题。根据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝,并且帮助它找回了它的父母。小猫头鹰的父母还为它带回了午餐。作者的救助成功了,说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段最后一句However,when it works,it is simply beautiful.可推测,作者感觉很美好。故选B。]
C
One of the most important things in the world is friendship.In order to have friends,you have to be a friend.You have to be with them in both good and bad times.In return,they will be there for you.But how can you be a good friend
Listen.Listen when they are talking.Keep eye contact.Don’t say anything unless they ask you a question.Sometimes you’re not required to have anything to say;they just need someone to talk to about their feelings.
Help them.If your friends are ever in need of something,be there to help them.You should try to put them first,but make sure you don’t become their slave(奴隶).Try to take an extra pencil or pen with you to classes as they may forget to take one.Have a few extra dollars in your pocket in case they forget something they need.
Be there for them.Try to make something for your friends to help make them feel better in hard times.Making cards and baking things are among the nicest things you can do for a friend when they are in hard times.Marilyn Monroe once said,“I’m selfish,impatient and a little insecure.I make mistakes,and I am out of control and at times hard to deal with.But if you can’t handle me at my worst,then you surely don’t deserve(值得) me at my best.” Always remember this! If you don’t want to deal with your friends when they’re depressed,then you don’t deserve to be with them during those parties where you have a good time!
Try to make plans with your friends.Go shopping,go for an ice cream,have a party,go to a movie and so on.Make time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy.These are the things you’ll remember once you’re all long graduated when looking back on your life!
( )8.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph Three probably mean
A.You should help your friends just as a friend.
B.You should help your friends anytime anywhere.
C.You should do whatever your friends ask you to do.
D.You should always put your needs before your friends’.
本文讲述了如何做个好朋友,作者给出了四条建议。
8.A [句意猜测题。根据第三段第一、二句“Help them.If your friends are ever in need of something,be there to help them.”可知,要帮助朋友。画线部分意为:我们不要做朋友的奴隶。也就是说,不能毫无原则地“帮助”。]
( )9.Marilyn Monroe’s words are mentioned to tell us that .
A.everyone has ups and downs during their lifetime
B.we should just share our happy times with our friends
C.we should be there when we are needed by our friends
D.we should learn to forgive our friends when they are wrong
9.C [推理判断题。根据小标题“Be there for them”和引号部分的内容可知,在朋友有困难时帮助过他,他才会和你有福同享。]
( )10.What are we mainly advised to do in the last paragraph
A.To spend time with our friends.
B.To look back on the happy times.
C.To get to know more friends.
D.To know what is worth doing.
10.A [推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“Make time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy.”可知,答案选A。]
( )11.We can learn from the passage that .
A.we must be careful when we choose our friends
B.friends should share happiness as well as problems
C.keeping long friendship is not easy
D.everyone can be a good friend
11.B [推理判断题。根据第一段第三、四句“You have to be with them in both good and bad times.In return,they will be there for you.”可知选B。]
D
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学),I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes,which allowed me to keep my high social status.I was the queen of the playground.Then came my tweens and teens,and mean girls and cool kids.They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes,breaking rules and playing jokes on others,among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology.Mitch Prinstein,a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and the status seekers.The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships,jump-start interpersonal skills and,when tapped early,are employed ever after in life and work.Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed,Dr.Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences.Those who were highest in status in high school,as well as those least liked in elementary school,are “most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study,Dr.Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents,scoring the least liked,the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究).“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates.But so had those who were high in status.It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment,high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing,kindness,openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research,Dr.Prinstein came to another conclusion:Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes,but it is also responsible for those outcomes,too.“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,” he said.
(2019年新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
( )12.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school
A.Unkind. B.Lonely. C.Generous. D.Cool.
本篇文章对于学生们“在学校的受欢迎程度”进行了调查和研究,说明“令人喜爱”这一特质更容易使人受益。
12.C [事实细节题。由文章第一段首句中“enjoy sharing my dolls and jokes”,慷慨的与喜欢分享同义替换。故选C。]
( )13.What is the second paragraph mainly about
A.The classification of the popular.
B.The characteristics of adolescents.
C.The importance of interpersonal skills.
D.The causes of dishonorable behavior.
13.A [事实细节题。第二段讲述了Mitch Prinstein将popular分为两类:the likable和the status seekers。故选A。]
( )14.What did Dr.Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids
A.They appeared to be aggressive.
B.They tended to be more adaptable.
C.They enjoyed the highest status.
D.They performed well academically.
14.B [事实细节题。由第四段可知,A选项“be more aggressive”是the least well-liked kids的特点,故排除A。由第三段“Those who were highest in status in high school,as well as those least liked in elementary school...”可排除C选项。D项未提及。]
( )15.What is the best title for the text
A.Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last.
B.The Higher the Status,the Better.
C.Be the Best—You Can Make It.
D.More Self-Control,Less Aggressiveness.
15.A [主旨要义题。根据文章内容,B项内容错误。C项和D项与文章内容无关,故选A。]
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”. 16 According to recent studies,the answer is a big YES,if the air quality in your camping area is good.
17 If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving,energizing oxygen.If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn to breathe more deeply,allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain.
Recently,people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). 18 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green,growing things can reduce stress,lower blood pressure,and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 19 It gives us a great feeling of peace.
20 While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin,they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working,and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.
(2019年新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
A.Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B.So what are you waiting for
C.Being in nature refreshes us.
D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
F.Just as importantly,we tend to associate fresh air with health care.
G.All across the country,recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
本文对新鲜空气的作用提出了几个论点。
16.E [根据后文“the answer is a big YES”,可知此处应是一般疑问句,故选E。]
17.A [根据该段中“your body”“your muscles(肌肉)”“your brain”,可知此空涉及“our lungs”,故选A。]
18.G [由空后的“patients”,可知该处应与医院等疗养地相关,故选G。]
19.C [该段段首提到了“the connection between and the natural world and healing(治愈)”,空前也提及了可从窗外看到自然景色的病人会比只看到高楼和楼间狭窄天空的病人痊愈更快,故选C。]
20.D [由空后“sun’s rays”可知句首应选含“sunlight”,故选D。]
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2 world.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.This included digging up the road, 3 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 4 top.When all those had been done,the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines 5 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using
7 every day.
Later,engineers 8 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道),which became known to the tube.This development was only possible with the 9 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.The central London Railway was one of the most 10 (success) of these new lines,and was opened in 1900.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
(2017年新课标全国卷Ⅱ)
本文介绍的是最早的地铁。
1.crowds [考查名词单复数。后面的roads告诉我们是各条路都拥挤。故用复数。]
2.from [考查介词。根据前面可知考搭配to and from来回。]
3.laying [考查非谓语动词。与digging,building是并列关系,故形式一致。]
4.the [考查冠词。the top顶部。]
5.were used [考查过去式的被动语态。句意:蒸汽发动机是用来引擎四轮车的。]
6.fairly [考查副词。副词修饰后面的形容词unpleasant,作状语。]
7.it [考查代词。it指代前面的railway。]
8.managed [考查动词时态。全文都用过去时态,故用managed。]
9.introducing [考查非谓语动词。the后接动名词。]
10.successful [考查词类转换。the most修饰形容词最高级。]
