(共40张PPT)
Unit Thirteen
Ⅰ.重点词汇测试(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)
1. n.目的地;终点;指定地点
2.detail
3. n.侦探;刑警 adj.侦探的
4.develop
5. v.把……奉献;专心;献身
6.difference
destination
n.细节,详情
detective
v.发展;开展;发扬;开发;冲洗(照片);形成
devote
n.不同;差别;分歧;差额
7. adj.难的,艰难的,困难的
8.dig
9. v.指导;指引;指挥adj.直的
10.direction
11. adj.伤残的,残疾的
12.disappointed
13. n.灾难;祸患;天灾
14.discover
15. n.折扣,贴现 v.打折扣
difficult
v.挖(洞沟),掘
direct
n.方向,方位;指导,指示;说明书
disabled
adj.感到失望的;感到沮丧的
disaster
v.发现,察觉,识破
discount
e from
17. 把……比作,喻为
18.congratulate sb.on sth.
19. 把……看作……;认为……是……
20.consist of
出生于,来自于
compare to
祝贺某人某事
consider...as...
由……组成
Ⅱ.阅读理解
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
Brian arrived at the San Francisco airport two hours before the flight to Paris.He was wearing three shirts,a jacket,two pairs of socks,a pair of shorts,and two pairs of jeans.He was carrying one small backpack,which was very full,but he didn’t have any other luggage.Brian needed to meet a man named Tony before he checked in for his flight.He found Tony near the Air France counter.Tony gave him a round-trip ticket and a small package.
“Give this package to Jean Paul at the airport in Paris.He will have a sign with your name on it.I think you can find him easily,” Tony said.“You don’t have any luggage,right ”
“Only this backpack,” Brian answered.“You said I could bring one carry-on bag.”
“That’s right,one carry-on bag is fine.Have a good trip.”
“Thanks.”
Is Brian a criminal(罪犯) Not at all.He is an air courier.And he paid only $110 for the round-trip ticket to Paris.Air couriers get cheap airline tickets because they take important packages and papers to foreign countries.Businesses sometimes need to get packages and papers to people in foreign countries by the next day. Often,the only way they can do this is to use an air-courier company. It is not cheap for a business to send a package with an air courier, but it is quick.
Every year about 80,000 people worldwide travel as air couriers. The number of tickets for courier travel is growing by about 10 percent a year.However,air-courier travel isn’t for everyone.But if you have very little money,can be flexible(灵活的) about your travel plans,and don’t mind wearing the same clothes for a week,it can be a great way to take a vacation!
( )1.Why was Brian wearing so many clothes for his travel
A.Because they were the uniform for air couriers.
B.Because that made him easier to be recognized.
C.Because his backpack had no room for his clothes.
D.Because he did not have any luggage with him.
本文讲述了航空快递员工作的细节和特点。
1.C [事实细节题。由第一段 “He was carrying one small backpack,which was very full,but he didn’t have any other luggage”可知Brian把衣服穿在身上是因为没地方放。]
( )2.An air courier is a person who .
A.manages a business company in foreign countries
B.organizes international flights for tourists
C.travels around the world with cheap tickets
D.delivers papers and packages to foreign countries
2.D [事实细节题。由第六段 “Air couriers get cheap airline tickets because they take important packages and papers to foreign countries”可知快递员的工作。]
( )3.The author of the text mainly .
A.describes the activities of a law-breaker
B.suggests an ideal way to travel
C.argues against the air-courier travel
D.tells us about a developing business
3.D [主旨大意题。由全文可知,D是对此文的概括。]
B
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue,N.Y.,today is speech day,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn.The 8-year-old is the joker of the class.With shining dark eyes,he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should... should...” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.His teacher,Thomas Whaley,is next to him,whispering support.“...Vote for ...me ...” Except for some stumbles,Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants,Chris started learning a little English over three years ago.Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year,when called upon to read,Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience.What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language,to feel confident enough to say,‘I don’t know,but I want to know.’”
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer broke his heart.Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself,and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
(2019年新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
( )4.What made Chris nervous
A.Telling a story. B.Making a speech.
C.Taking a test. D.Answering a question.
本文通过Chris从不敢发言到当众演讲的转变,引出了Whaley为了激发孩子们自信心而设计的教学方法。
4.B [事实细节题。根据第二段段首“But he’s nervous,”和第一段末尾“public speaking”可知选B。]
( )5.What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A.Improper pauses. B.Bad manners.
C.Spelling mistakes. D.Silly jokes.
5.A [词义猜测题。A.不必要的停顿;B.高傲无礼;C.拼写错误;D.无聊、愚蠢的笑话。由于文章背景为“speech day”,Chris正在做演讲,且前文提到他因过于紧张而支支吾吾,所以选A。]
( )6.We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to . A.help students see their own strengths
B.assess students’ public speaking skills
C.prepare students for their future jobs
D.inspire students’ love for politics
6.A [推理判断题。根据文章第五段可知,Whaley从一次和学生的互动中感受到学生们对自己并没有信心。从而产生“wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves”的想法,故选A。易误选B,但由该段“more than just learning to read and speak in public”可排除。]
( )7.Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher
A.Humorous. B.Ambitious.
C.Caring. D.Demanding.
7.C [推理归纳题。由第四段“a great teacher who lets you make mistakes”和第五段Whaley对学生们缺乏自信感到担忧并设法帮助他们正视自己。]
C
Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music,its significance,and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations,though,in the U.S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz,Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz,make the music more accessible,and preserve its history and culture.
“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan.“What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore. It’s actually color,and it’s actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move,because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran.
Last year,Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party,“Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me,it’s the recontextualization.In music,where does the emotion (情感) lie Are we,as humans,gaining any insight(感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran,“So I want to continue those dialogues.Those are the things I want to foster.” (2017年新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
( )8.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day
A.To remember the birth of jazz.
B.To protect cultural diversity.
C.To encourage people to study music.
D.To recognize the value of jazz.
本文主要讲爵士乐对年轻一代的吸引力在减少,所以UNESCO特别设立了纪念日,但这一现状并没有得到扭转。
8.D [事实细节题。根据第一段第二句UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music,its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.可知UNESCO把四月30号定为国际爵士日是为了让人们重视爵士乐,意识到它的重要性以及它作为连接各文化的纽带之声的潜在功能。也就是为了让人们意识到爵士乐的价值。故选D。]
( )9.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.Jazz becoming more accessible.
B.The production of jazz growing faster.
C.Jazz being less popular with the young.
D.The jazz audience becoming larger.
9.C [推理判断题。根据第二段Despite the celebrations,though,in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.可知尽管UNESCO为爵士乐设了纪念日,但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少,并且年龄在老化。爵士乐没能将年轻一代人连接起来。再结合是Jason Moran所做的事情帮助改变了那个情况,所以可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选C。]
( )10.What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz
A.It will disappear gradually.
B.It remains black and white.
C.It should keep up with the times.
D.It changes every 50 years.
10.C [细节理解题。根据第五段中的The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move,because the way the world works is not the same可知Moran认为爵士乐不能以1908或1958年的方式来表达当代,因为世界运转的方式不同,所以爵士乐必须继续前进才行。说明随着时代的发展,爵士乐也要跟上时代才不会被年轻一代所抛弃。故选C。]
( )11.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Exploring the Future of jazz.
B.The Rise and Fall of jazz.
C.The Story of a jazz Musician.
D.Celebrating the Jazz Day.
11.A [推理判断题。通读全文可知本文主要讲UNESCO为提高人们对爵士乐的重视设立爵士日,但实际收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步,否则将失去吸引力。可知本文主要探索爵士乐的未来,故选A。]
D
There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.Some people believe that they can’t help putting on weight as they get older,while others hold that if they stop exercising,their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some more myths:
I’ll never lose weight-I come from a fat family
Wrong! While we can’t change the body type we are born with, we can’t blame our genes for making us fat.There’s plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families,and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercise too little.
I am fat because I burn calories slowly
Wrong! Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢). In fact,although fat people consume more energy than slim people, they also fail to realize how much they eat! Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.
Exercise is boring
Wrong! Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively. The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that’s fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk,take a different route. If you do Yoga,try a tai chi class.If you like swimming,set yourself a distance or time challenge.
No pain,no gain
Wrong! Exercise is not meant to hurt.Indeed,pain is your body telling you something’s wrong,and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly,but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly.If you don’t,rest and seek medical advice.
( )12.What does the author think about being fat
A.It is the family genes that make people fat.
B.People are fat because they consume too little energy.
C.A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.
D.It is the consequence of people’s unbalanced lifestyle.
12.D [推理判断题。从第二段第二句“...and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercise too little.”可知选D。]
( )13.According to the author,how can we make exercise more interesting
A.By taking varied exercise.
B.By choosing simple exercise.
C.By doing regular exercise.
D.By sticking to outdoor exercise.
13.A [细节理解题。从第四段第二句“The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that’s fun as well as progressive.”可知选A。]
( )14.What is the author’s opinion about “No pain,no gain” in exercising
A.Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience.
B.Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.
C.Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.
D.Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.
14.B [推理判断题。作者认为运动只会带来轻微的“不适”;“疼痛”是生病的征兆,继续运动会造成严重损伤。故疼痛持续,应停止运动,选B。]
( )15.What is the purpose of the passage
A.To declare the importance of keeping fit.
B.To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.
C.To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.
D.To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.
15.B [主旨大意题。从第一段第一句“There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.”可知,作者写作本文是为了澄清人们关于肥胖和运动的认识误区。选择B。]
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Empathy
Last year,researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy,the ability to understand other people,among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. 16 Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.
Jennifer Freed,a co-director of a teen program,has another explanation.Turn on the TV,and you’re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting,competing,and generally treating one another with no respect. 17
There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples.Humans are socially related by nature. 18 Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect.Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness,sadness,anxiety,and fear.
Empathy is also an indication of a good leader.In fact,Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. 19 “Academics are important.But if you don’t have emotional(情感的) intelligence,you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says.
What’s the best way to up your EQ(情商) For starters,let down your guard and really listen to others. 20
To really develop empathy,you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital,join a club or a team that has a diverse membership,have a “sharing circle” with your family,or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter. (2012年北京卷)
A.Everyone is different,and levels of empathy differ from person to person.
B.That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time,the researchers said.
C.“One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freed says.
D.Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.
E.Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.
F.Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life.
G.Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.
去年,密歇根大学的研究人员公布了在过去的十年里,共鸣,即理解他人的能力在大学生中急剧下降。文章对这种现象的原因给出了不同的解释并说明了共鸣的作用和怎样提高情商。
16.B [根据后句“people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.”(很多人把时间花在了独处而很少参加社交活动)可知,前句应该为原因“That could be because...”,故选B。]
17.D [由前文中人们打开电视看到的是“fighting,competing,
and generally treating one another with no respect”可知,后句是人们从中学到的是这样的例子“Humans learn by example...”(通过模仿别人来学习),另外下一段还出现了bad examples,故选D。]
18.G [根据前一句“Humans are socially related by nature.”(人类是社会性的)可以推知“Having relationships with other people” (与别人建立关系是作为人的一个重要部分……)符合语境,故选G。]
19.F [根据后文“Academics are important.But if you don’t have emotional(情感的) intelligence...” 专业知识很重要。但是如果你没有情商,你就很难在工作和生活中取得成功。可以推知前面应该讲“Good social skills...”(良好的社交技能是一种帮助你在生活中很多方面成功的情商),故选F。]
20.C [根据前面的“the best way to up your EQ”可以推知,C项中的develop empathy与其语境相符,故选C。]
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下列材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 1 (cover) an area about three times 2 size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 3 (be) previously unprotected,bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 4 (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period,the GPNP will be officially set up next year.The GPNP 5 (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems,preserving biological diversity,protecting ecological buffer zones, 6 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”.The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 7 (population) and homes of giant pandas,and 8 (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 9 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 10 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. (2022年全国卷Ⅰ)
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。
1.Covering [考查非谓语动词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语,cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系, 应用现在分词的形式作状语,首字母大写。故填Covering。]
2.the [考查冠词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为:倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。]
3.were [考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously(之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。故填were。]
4.to increase [考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语,做目的状语,应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。]
5.is designed [考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The GPNP(单数)之间为被动关系;句子是陈述事实,用一般现在时。故填is designed。]
6.and [考查连词。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前后为并列关系,应用and。故填and。]
7.populations [考查名词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语,应用可数名词population(种群) 的复数的形式。故填populations。]
8.eventually [考查副词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve,设空处应用副词eventually作状语,修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。]
9. as [考查介词。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语:serve as(充当)。故填as。]
10.that [考查定语从句关系词。句意:该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词等于关系词,设空处在从句中作指物的主语,先行词为species,且先行词前为all修饰,只能用关系代词that。故填that。](共57张PPT)
Unit Thirteen
重点词汇必背
一、重点单词
1.destination [ desti nei n] n.目的地;终点;指定地点
2.detail [ di teil] n.细节,详情
3.detective [di tektiv] n.侦探;刑警
adj.侦探的;探测的;推理的
4.develop [di vel p] v.发展;开展;发扬;开发;冲洗(照片);形成
5.devote [di v ut] v.把……奉献;专心;献身
6.difference [ dif r ns] n.不同;差别;分歧;差额
7.difficult [ difik lt] adj.难的,艰难的,困难的
8.dig [dig] v.挖(洞沟),掘
9.direct [d(a)i rekt] v.指导;指引;指挥
adj.直的;直接的;直率的
adv.直接地
10.direction [d(a)i rek n] n.方向,方位;指导,指示;说明书
11.disabled [dis eibld] adj.伤残的,残疾的
12.disappointed [ dis p intid] adj.感到失望的;感到沮丧的
13.disaster [di za st ] n.灾难;祸患;天灾
14.discover [dis k v ] v.发现,察觉,识破
15.discount [ diskaunt] n.折扣,贴现 v.打折扣
二、重点短语
e from 出生于,来自于
pare to 把……比作,喻为
18.congratulate sb.on sth.祝贺某人某事
19.consider...as 把……看作……;认为……是……
20.consist of 由……组成
一、重点单词
1.develop v.发展;开展;发扬;开发;冲洗(照片);形成
构词 development n.发展;进展;(摄)显影;新开发区
developed adj.发达的,成熟的
developing adj.发展中的
用法 develop to/into...发展到或发展成……
例句 Languages develop continually through usage.
语言在使用中不断发展。
核心词汇运用
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)该小港市已发展成为一个大城市。
The small port a big city.
(2)我们已经得到了对外贸易方面的新进展。
We have got the in foreign trade.
(3)现代音乐最初是在意大利发展起来的。
Modern music in Italy.
has developed into
latest developments
was first developed
2.devote v.把……奉献;专心;献身
构词 devotion n.虔诚;献身;奉献
devoted adj.热爱投入的;深爱的;全心全意的
用法 devote...to 把……献于或用于;为……付出
devote oneself to...致力于;投身于;献身于
例句 He was still devoted to the study of chemistry.
他仍专心致力于化学研究。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)他对科学的献身精神为人熟知。
His science is well known.
(2)他将一生奉献给了音乐。
He himself entirely music.
(3)她深爱着她的母亲并照顾了她很多年。
She her mother and looked after her for many years.
devotion to
devoted
to
was devoted to
3.difference n.不同;差别;分歧;差额
构词 different adj.不同的;差异的;个别的;各不相同的 differently adv.不同地
用法 make a/some/no difference
对……有、一些、没有作用或影响;对……重要、不重要
be different from/to/than...与……不同
例句 Flowers make no difference to this room.
这房间有没有花没什么区别。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)这场雨对比赛没多大影响。
The rain didn’t the game.
(2)他们的房子与我们的不同。
Their house is ours.
(3)他和十几年前相比完全是另外一个人。
He is a man from what he was over ten years ago.
make much difference to
different than/to/from
different
4.difficult adj.难的,艰难的,困难的
构词 difficulty n.困难;争议;麻烦
用法 be difficult for sb.to do sth.
对某人来说做……是困难的
be difficult in 在……方面难
in difficulty 处境困难
例句 The question is difficult to answer.
这个问题难以回答。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)他勇敢地面对困难。
He faced the with courage.
(2)英语是一门难学的语言。
English is a language to learn.
(3)两幢房子都这么漂亮,让人难以作出抉择。
to choose between such two nice houses.
difficulty
difficult
It is difficult
5.direct v.指导;指引;指挥 adj.直的;直接的;直率的
adv.直接地
构词 directive adj.指导的,指挥的,管理的
director n.董事;经理;导演;主管,总监;指挥者
direction n.方向;指导;用法说明;趋势;目标;管理
用法 come/go direct 直接来、去
go in all directions 四面八方走去
例句 I’m in direct contact with the hijackers.
我与劫机者保持着直接的联系。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)昨晚的音乐会是谁指挥的
Who’s at yesterday’s concert
(2)导演叫这名女演员休息一下。
The told the actress to have a rest.
(3)让我直接到车站去为他送行。
Let’s go to the station to see him off.
directing
director
direct
6.disabled adj.伤残的,残疾的
构词 disable v.使失去能力
the disabled 残疾人
用法 disable by因……而残疾
disable for 使……不能
disable from 丧失做……的能力
例句 He was disabled from walking by the accident.
由于车祸,他不能走路了。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)年迈使他不能干繁重的工作。
Old age him for hard labour.
(2)雇主受鼓励雇用残疾的工人。
Employers are being encouraged to hire workers.
disabled
disabled
7.discover v.发现,察觉,识破
构词 discovery n.发现;发现物
discoverer n.发现者
用法 discover among 在……之中发现
discover sth.by 通过……发现某物
例句 The fact is that he did not discover it.
事实是他没有发现它。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)后来发现他原来是间谍。
He was later have been a spy.
(2)我们发觉行李被偷了。
We our luggage had been stolen.
(3)每天都有新的科学发现。
New scientific are being made everyday.
discovered to
discovered that
discoveries
二、重点短语
8.come from出生于,来自于;起源于
比较 come from(强调动作)=be from(强调状态)来自于
come from behind迎头赶上
例句 He comes from Holland,but she comes from Sweden.
他来自于荷兰,但她来自于瑞典。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)正确的思想来自社会实践。
Correct ideas social practice.
(2)玛丽出身于艺术家庭。
Mary an artistic family.
(3)那位候选员在此次选举中脱颖而出,意外当选。
A dark horse candidate to win the election.
come from
comes from
came from behind
9.consider...as把……看作……;认为……是……
比较 consider as=consider to be+n./adj.
例句 What kind of job would you consider as an ideal job
你觉得怎样的工作才是一份理想的工作
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)你认为你的优点是什么
What do you your strengths
(2)人们认为可口可乐的含糖量很高。
Coca Cola be rich in sugar.
consider to be/as
is considered to
10.consist of由……组成
比较 be made up of由……组成
be made of 由……材料做成
例句 How many players does a baseball team consist of
棒球队由几名队员组成
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)这船是用钢板造的。
The ship steel plates.
(2)每个小组至少由十人组成。
Each group shall not less than ten members.
(3)那个医疗队由十个医生组成。
The medical team ten doctors.
was made of
consist of
was made up of/consisted of
一、非谓语动词的概述和种类
语法突破——非谓语动词
非
谓
语
动
词 概念 种类 构成 作用
在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词。 动词不定式 to+动词原形 表目的、将来、主动、具体。
动名词 动词+ing 表主动、进行。
分
词 现在
分词 动词+ing 表主动、进行或特征。
过去
分词 动词+ed 表被动、完成或状态。
二、动词不定式
1.动词不定式的用法
句法功能 主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语
2.动词不定式省略to(即动词原形)的几种情况
(1)情态动词 (除ought to外) 后。
(2)使役动词let, have, make等接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to;但变成被动语态作主语补足语时,要加上to。
(3)感官动词see,watch,look at,notice,observe,hear,listen to,smell,feel等后接不定式作宾语补足语省略to;但变成被动语态作主语补足语时,要加上to。
(4)在would rather,had better,rather than后的动词不定式省略to。
(5)why not后。
(6)help后接不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时,可带to,也可省略to。
(7)两个动词不定式由and,or,except或than连接在一起时,第二个动词不定式常常不带to;若两个不定式表示对比、对照关系时,则不能省略。
(8)but作介词(除……外),后接动词不定式时,前面谓语部分含有do时,but后的不定式要省略to,否则不能省略to。
(9)不定式作表语时,若主语部分中含有do时,省略to;否则不能省略。
续表：
3.动词不定式的表达形式
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing
完成进行式 to have been doing
三、动名词
1.动名词的用法
2.动名词的表达形式
句法功能 主语、表语、宾语、定语
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
四、分词(现在分词和过去分词)
1.分词的句法功能
2.现在分词的表达形式
句法功能 表语、定语、状语、补语
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
五、接动词不定式和动名词作宾语或状语的动词用法对比
动词 用法 意思
be afraid 接不定式 “不敢”去做某事,是主观上 “怕”。
接动名词 “生怕、恐怕”做某事,是客观上的原因。
cease 接不定式 长时间,甚至永远停止做某事。
接动名词 短时间停止做某事,以后还会接着做。
forget 接不定式 忘记要去做某事。(未做)
接动名词 忘记做过某事。(已做,但忘记了。)
go on 接不定式 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。
接动名词 继续做原来做的那件事。
mean 接不定式 意思是“打算、想”。
接动名词 意思是“意味着”。
动词 用法 意思
regret 接不定式 遗憾要去做某事。(未做)
接动名词 对做过的事感到遗憾、后悔。(已做)
remember 接不定式 记得去做某事。(未做)
接动名词 记得做过某事。(已做)
stop 接不定式 “停止、中断”正在做的事后去做另一件事。
接动名词 停止做某事。指停止正在做的事。
try 接不定式 表示努力、企图做某事。
接动名词 表示试验、试着做某事。
续表：
六、接动名词与动词不定式作宾语的动词用法对比
用法 动词
只接动名词作宾语 avoid,admit,appreciate,consider,complete,enjoy,
excuse,escape,finish,imagine,keep,miss,mind,
practise,postpone,risk,suggest,can’t help,can’t stand,
put off,give up等。
只接不定式作宾语 agree,appear,arrange,ask,decide,determine,expect,
hope,learn,manage,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,
seem等。
两者都接,意思一样 begin,start,like,love,hate,continue等。
七、表“需要”的动词接动名词和不定式的主被动形式不同
动词 主动形式 被动形式
demand demand doing sth. demand to be done
need need doing sth. need to be done
require require doing sth. require to be done
want want doing sth. want to be done
【非谓语动词考点分析】
下面是近几年高考题对非谓语动词的考查。通过题目,我们来分析一下非谓语动词的用法和考点主要分布情况。
1.(2016年全国卷 Ⅰ )But my connection with pandas goes back
64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
【分析】 66.permitted。过去分词作定语修饰the first Western TV reporter。
2.(2016年全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
【分析】 67.introducing。考查非谓语动词。 include doing sth.包括做某事。
3.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
【分析】 63.to process。考查非谓语动词的不定式。句意:他们被要求加工食物,require表示“要求”,require sb.to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”,被动形式为“sb.be required to do sth.”,表示“某人被要求做某事”。故填to process。
4.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt;by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
【分析】 68.eating。考查动名词。句意:通过吃更多的快餐,人们将在饮食中摄入超过需求量的脂肪和盐。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填名词,所以填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。
5.(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top.When all those had been done,the road surface was replaced.
【分析】 63.laying。考非谓语动词。与digging,building是并列关系,故形式一致。
6.(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the
69 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
7.(2018年全国卷Ⅰ)You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit.
【分析】 69.introducing。考非谓语动词。the后接动名词。
【分析】 62.to see。考查不等式作目的状语。句意:你不需要跑快或跑久就能看到好处。
8.(2018年全国卷Ⅰ)You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
9.(2019年全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of/for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area.
【分析】 63.dying。考查动名词。介词of后接动名词。句意:你可以喝酒,抽烟,超重,同时还可以通过跑步来降低你过早死亡的风险。
【分析】 64.to perform。考查动词不定式用法。expensive形容词后接不定式形式作状语。
10.(2019年全国卷Ⅰ)Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
【分析】 67.noting。考查动名词。空前by是介词,故此处要用动名词形式。
11.(2020年全国卷Ⅰ)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【分析】 to find。考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
12.(2021年全国卷Ⅰ)But that’s how nature is always leaving us
60 (astonish).
【分析】 60.astonished。句型:leave sb.+V-ed,使得某人处于某种情感状态,故填过去分词astonished。句意:但那就是大自然总是让我们感到惊讶。
13.(2021年全国卷Ⅰ)...still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63 (ache) legs.
【分析】 63.aching。现在分词作定语。aching legs疼痛的脚。句意:……它仍然突出了整个冒险,也提供一个可坐下休息疼痛的双腿的场所。
14.(2022年全国卷Ⅰ) 56 (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
【分析】 56.Covering。考查非谓语动词。空处的逻辑主语是the GPNP,它们之间是逻辑的主动关系,由于句子已有谓语动词will be,所以这里应用非谓语动词(现在分词)作状语,位于句首,故首字母要大写。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。
15.(2022年全国卷Ⅰ)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected,bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
【分析】 59.to increase。考查非谓语动词。空处需要一个动词不定式作目的状语。句意:该计划将保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,把许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以便提高效率和减少管理的不一致性。
从近几年的高考题看,每年都会考几道非谓语动词题。主要注意在什么情况下使用:句中已经有谓语动词了,又出现动词且没有连词连接作并列谓语,这时只能使用非谓语动词。一般来说,不定式表目的和将来;现在分词或动名词表主动和进行;过去分词表被动和过去。
【同步练习】
一、单项选择
( )1.—Shall we go swimming
—OK,I’ll just go and get .
A.to change B.changed
C.it changed D.changing
【答案】 B
【解析】 get后面加动词过去分词形式,根据题意表示“我将会去更衣”,该表达为get changed。
( )2.The lab next year will be more advanced than the old one.
A.built B.to be built
C.being built D.to build
【答案】 B
【解析】 考查动词不定式作后置定语。build跟the lab之间构成被动关系,且时态为将来时,故用to be done。
( )3.My pen friend Sam sent me an e-mail, to get further information.
A.hoped B.to hope
C.hope D.hoping
【答案】 D
【解析】 考查分词作状语,题目中表伴随状态,而hope与主句中的主语构成主动关系,因此用现在分词。
( )4. to make a speech,I’d be very glad to.
A.When asked B.When asking
C.To be asked D.When he was asking
【答案】 A
【解析】 考查分词作状语,题目中ask与主句中的主语构成被动关系,因此用过去分词形式。
( )5. the idiom,the little girl looked it up in the dictionary.
A.Never having learned B.Not learning
C.Having not learned D.Having never learned
【答案】 D
【解析】 考查分词作状语,题中强调在“女孩从没学过这句俗语”的前提下去“查字典”,该处用完成时,且learn与主句中主语构成主动关系,因此用主动形式的完成式having done结构。
( )6.When the bus crashed,your elder brother
A.escaped hurt,didn’t he
B.escaped being hurt,didn’t he
C.escaped hurting,didn’t he
D.escaped to be hurt,didn’t he
【答案】 B
【解析】 考查动名词作宾语, escape doing sth.“避免做某事”, hurt与主语构成被动关系, 故用escape being done。
( )7.They said any packet properly wouldn’t be accepted by the post office.
A.not to be wrapped B.not being wrapped
C.not wrapped D.not having been wrapped
【答案】 C
【解析】 考查分词作定语, wrap与packet构成被动关系,因此用过去分词形式,在分词前加not表示否定。
二、语法填空:用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.A cool rain was falling, (mix) with snow.
2.The man (sit) between our headmaster and Jim is the editor of the book.
【答案】 mixed
【解析】 考查过去分词作状语, mix与主语构成被动关系。
【答案】 sitting
【解析】 考查现在分词作定语,表动作正在进行。
3.The stone bridge built last year needs (repair).
【答案】 repairing/to be repaired
【解析】 考查动名词或动词不定式作宾语,题中the stone bridge与repair构成被动关系。need doing sth.或need to be done均表示被动意思。
4.—The light in the classroom is still on.
—Oh,I forgot (turn) it off.
【答案】 to turn
【解析】 考查动词不定式作宾语, forget to do sth.表示忘记要去做某事(未做)。forget doing sth.表示忘记做过某事(已做,但忘记了)。题中“灯还亮着”说明“忘记要去关灯”,所以用to turn。
5.Sometimes I hear someone (sing) English songs downstairs.
6. (improve) his English,Li Ming decides to go further study in Australia this summer.
【答案】 singing
【解析】 考查感官动词后接动名词作宾语补足语,强调动作正在进行。
【答案】 To improve
【解析】 考查动词不定式作状语,表目的。
7.The girl, (disturb) so badly,almost lost her memory.
【答案】 having been disturbed
【解析】 考查分词作状语。题中disturb与主语构成被动关系,且突出了先发生disturb这个动作,再发生lost her memory此动作,因此分词用完成时的被动结构having been done。
高考话题:个人感情(personal emotions)——90后的情感特点
Born in one-child family in 90’s,I think we have more advantages than disadvantages.Firstly,we are confident,quick-minded and creative. Besides,we have a rich knowledge and more chances to receive a better education,such as attending different kinds of interest classes, studying abroad etc.What’s more,it is fast for us to learn to use all kinds of new science technological tools in such an information times. But we feel quite lonely sometimes and we are lack of strong will when we meet difficulties.We seldom think for others or care about them,at the same time,we are easy to have a gap with our parents because of their high expectations.
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