(共37张PPT)
Unit Three
Ⅰ.重点词汇测试(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)
1. v.影响;感动
2.afford
3. v.同意,赞成
4.aim
5. v.允许,准许
6.alone_________________________________
affect
v.负担得起(……的费用)
agree
n.目的,目标 v.计划,打算
allow
adj.单独的 adv.只有;单独地,独自
7. v.使惊愕,使大为吃惊
8.amusement
9. v.调整;调节;校准;使适应
10.analyze
11. adj.古代的,古老的,从前的 12.announce
13. v.使烦恼;打扰;妨碍
14.anxious
15. n.出现,露面;容貌,外貌
amaze
n.娱乐,消遣
adjust
v.分析;分解
ancient
v.宣布,宣告;通知;预告;发表
annoy
adj.担心的;忧虑的;渴望的
appearance
16.at table
17. 引起(注意、兴趣等)
18.be about to
19. 有能力做某事
20.be absent from
在吃饭
attract one’s attention
即将,正要
be able to do sth.
缺席
Ⅱ.阅读理解
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years
Jane Addams(1860-1935)
Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community(社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson(1907-1964)
If it weren’t for Rachel Carson,the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.
Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present)
When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School,in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and,in 1981,the first woman to join the U.S.Supreme Court.
O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks(1913-2005)
On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Alabama,Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year,and kicked off the civil-rights movement.“The only tired I was,was tired of giving in,” said Parks.
(2016年新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
( )1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history
A.Her social work.
B.Her lack of proper training in law.
C.Her efforts to win a prize.
D.Her community background.
本篇是人物类阅读理解题。介绍除居里夫人外,100年来最重要的几个女性。
1.A [事实细节题。根据第二段“...a social worker”可明显得出答案,故A正确。]
( )2.What is the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm
A.Her lack of proper training in law.
B.Her little work experience in court.
C.The discrimination against women.
D.The poor financial conditions.
2.C [事实细节题。根据第四段“she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.”可知,原因在于对女性的歧视,故C正确。]
( )3.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.
A.Jane Addams. B.Rachel Carson.
C.Sandra Day O’Connor. D.Rosa Parks.
3.D [细节理解题。根据最后一段第四句“...and kicked off the civil-rights movement”可知,Rosa Parks对民权运动作出了贡献。故选D。]
( )4.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text
A.They are highly educated.
B.They are truly creative.
C.They are pioneers.
D.They are peace-lovers.
4.C [推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize”;第三段第一句“If it weren’t for Rachel Carson,the environmental movement might not exist today”;第四段第二句“...the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court”;最后一段第四句“...kicked off the civil-rights movement”,可知,四位女性都是历史上的先锋,故C正确。]
B
Grandparents Answer a Call
As a third generation native of Brownsville,Texas,Mildred Garza never pleased to move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children,she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Gaf finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obama’s mother-in-law,Marian Robinson,has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by ,83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson’s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family.Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.
“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough,fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby,publisher of Grate manazine for grandparents.“We now realize how important family is and how important to be near them,especially when you’re raising children.”
Moving is not for everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices,but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard,especially knowing your adult child is struggling,but giving up the life you know may be harder.
(2016年新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
( )5.Why was Garza’s move a success
A.It strengthened her family ties.
B.It improved her living conditions.
C.It enabled her to make more friends.
D.It helped her know more new places.
5.A [事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句“Today all three generations regard the move a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities”可知答案。]
( )6.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinson’s decision
A.17% expressed their support for it.
B.Few people responded sympathetically.
C.83% believed it had a bad influence.
D.The majority thought it was a trend.
6.D [事实细节题。根据第二段第四句“...83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson’s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family.”可知,约83%的人认为Mrs.Robinson的决定会影响美国的很多祖父母,即83%的人支持;故D选项符合文意。]
( )7.What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s
A.They were unsure of raising more children.
B.They were eager to raise more children.
C.They wanted to live away from their parents.
D.They had little respect for their grandparents.
7.C [推理判断题。由第三段第一句“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough,fast enough to prove we could do it on our own”可推断20世纪60年代的时候,人们想要离开家去证明自己的能力但现实并不允许,心里其实是想离开家的,C选项正确。]
( )8.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph
A.Make decisions in the best interests of their own.
B.Ask their children to pay more visits to them.
C.Sacrifice for their struggling children.
D.Get to know themselves better.
8.A [推理判断题。由最后一段最后两句“but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead....but giving up the life you know may be harder”可知,“不住在一起而是频繁去探访子孙会更好”,“放弃自己熟知的生活方式更难”,由此可推测出作者建议最好从祖父母的需求出发,选择A。]
C
I am Peter Hodes,a volunteer stem cell courier.Since March 2012,
I’ve done 89 trips of those,51 have been abroad.I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞) in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last,in all,from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient,we’ve got 72 hours at most.So I am always conscious of time.
I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence,Rhode Island,and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence,the lady on the desk said:“Well,I’m really sorry,I’ve got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said:“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient—please,please,you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me,re-routed(改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.
For this courier job,you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life. (2016年新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
( )9.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1
A.provider B.delivery man
C.collector D.medical doctor
9.B [词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“I’ve done 89 trips”和第三句的“carry stem cells”可知,作者是运送细胞的人,故选B。]
( )10.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours
A.He cannot stay away from his job too long.
B.The donor can only wait for that long.
C.The operation needs that very much.
D.The ice won’t last any longer.
10.D [事实细节题。根据第一段第三句“...because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last”可知选D。]
( )11.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first
A.To London. B.To Newark.
C.To Providence. D.To Washington.
11.B [事实细节题。由第二段倒数最后一句“...re-routed me through Newark...”可知选B。]
D
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful,or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness,or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable;therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people,just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore,when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops,what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures,silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways,particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example,Russian,French,and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However,Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.
A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. (2016年新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
( )12.What does the author say about silence in conversations
A.It implies anger. B.It promotes friendship.
C.It is culture-specific. D.It is content-based.
12.C [细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.”可知,作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。故选C。]
( )13.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought
A.The Chinese. B.The French.
C.The Mexicans. D.The Russians.
13.A [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“...what may be implied is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing”可知,中国人认为谈话时人们沉默是在思考。故选A。]
( )14.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence
A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B.Break it while treating patients.
C.Evaluate its harm to patients.
D.Make use of its healing effects.
14.D [细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“A nurse who understands the healing value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients”可知,作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。故选D。]
( )15.What may be the best title for the text
A.Sound and Silence
B.What It Means to Be Silent
C.Silence to Native Americans
D.Speech Is Silver;Silence Is Gold
15.B [主旨要义题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义。故选B 。]
第二节(共5小题,每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
Secret codes(密码) keep messages private.Banks,companies,and government agencies use secret codes in doing business,especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 16 . Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography. 17 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me”.
18 You might represent each letter with a number.For example,let’s number the letters of the alphabet in order,from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter,the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5”.
A code uses symbols to replace words,phrases,or sentences.To read the message of a real code,you must have a code book. 19 . For example,“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”.The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me”.
20 However,it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. (2016年新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B.In any language,some letters are used more than others.
C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D.As long as there have been codes,people have tried to break them.
E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F.With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for other words.
G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
16.D [根据下句内容可以判断:有密码的设置就有破译密码的存在。D项可以承接上下文。故选D。]
17.E [根据后面举的例子判断:隐藏一个单词起首几个字母的密码设置方法。]
18.G [根据后面的解释内容可以判断:这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法。由对应词represent和stand for,可以判断G选项符合语境。]
19.F [根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book可以判断:该句是介绍密码书的使用。]
20.A [由于前后句都是介绍密码书,且后句讲密码书不会维持很久的时间。故A选项符合语境。]
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下列材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me,pandas are its top
1 (attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research,I 2 . (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow,I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be 3 . (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back 4 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 5 I was the first Western TV reporter 6 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include 7 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit,I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 8 (it) mother.The nursery team switches him every few 9 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 10 other is with mum-she never suspects.
(2016年新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
1.attraction [考查词类转换。在形容词top后面,所以要改为名词。]
2.was allowed [考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:我被允许走进这些动物。 allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事。sb.be allowed to do sth.某人被允许做某事。]
3.officially [考查词类转换。这里需要副词作状语修饰动词given。]
4.to [考查介词。短语:go back to追溯到。]
5.when [考查关系词。在非限制性定语从句中,缺少状语,先行词是时间,故填when。]
6.permitted [考查非谓语动词。被修饰名词和permit之间是被动关系,用过去分词。]
7.introducing [考查非谓语动词。 include后面接动名词。]
8.their [考查代词。指代前面的twin,有两个孩子,故用their。]
9.days [考查名词复数。few修饰复数名词。]
10.the [考查冠词。短语:one...the other...一个……另一个……。](共74张PPT)
Unit Three
Ⅰ.重点词汇必背
一、重点单词
1.affect [ fekt] v.影响;感动
2.afford [ f d] v.负担得起(……的费用);抽得出(时间);提供
3.agree [ gri ] v.同意,赞成,(意见)一致
4.aim [eim] n.目的,目标 v.计划,打算;瞄准;针对
5.allow [ lau] v.允许,准许
6.alone [ l un] adj.单独的 adv.只有;单独地,独自
7.amaze [ meiz] v.使惊愕,使大为吃惊
amazed adj. 感到惊愕的
8.amuse [ mju z] v.娱乐,消遣
amusement n.娱乐,消遣
9.analyse/ze [ n laiz] v.分析;分解
10.ancient [ ei nt] adj.古代的,古老的,从前的
11.announce [ nauns] v.宣布,宣告;通知;预告;发表
12.annoy [ n i] v.使烦恼;打扰;妨碍;扰乱
13.anxious [ ak s] adj.担心的;忧虑的;渴望的
14.apologize [ p l d aiz] v.道歉,谢罪
15.appear [ pi ] v.出现,露面
二、重点短语
16.at table 在吃饭
17.attract one’s attention 引起某人注意
18.be able to do sth.有能力做某事
19.be about to 即将,正要
20.be absent from 缺席
一、重点单词
1.affect v.影响;感动;作用
构词 affected adj.受影响的;受感动的;受疾病侵袭的
affection n.影响;感情
用法 be affected by为……而感动
例句 Her opinion will not affect my decision.
她的意见不会影响我的决定。
Ⅱ.核心词汇运用
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)她被那个悲伤的故事深深感动了。
She was deeply the sad story.
(2)饮食和运动都对血压有影响。
Both diet and exercise blood pressure.
(3)一旦战争爆发,许多国家都要受到影响。
If a war broke out,many other countries would .
affected by
affect
be affected
2.aim n.目的,目标 v.计划,打算;瞄准;针对
构词 aimless adj.无目的的,无目标的
用法 aim at瞄准;目的在于
例句 What is your aim in life
你的生活目标是什么
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)无目标的生活就像出海航行没有指南针。
is like sailing without compass.
(2)You should always doing your job well.
Aimless life
aim at
3.allow v.允许,准许
构词 allowance n.零用钱;津贴;限额,定量;允许;折扣;考虑
用法 allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做……
allow for 考虑到……
例句 You are not allowed to smoke here.
这里不许吸烟。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)他不会让他们把这个问题搁置起来。
He won’t put the question by.
(2)我们还是早些动身为好。我们要考虑到路上交通耽搁。
We’d better start earlier.We should traffic delays.
(3)我们需要给他一种特权。
We need to a privilege to him.
allow them to
allow for
allow
4.alone adj.单独的 adv.只有;单独地,独自
用法 let alone 不打扰;不惊动;更别提
let...alone 听其自然,不要去管
例句 He woke up to find himself alone in the house.
他一觉醒来发现房子里只剩他一个人。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)宴会结束后别让她一个人清洁。
Don’t to sweep up after the party.
(2)她独自一人时,她工作得最好。
She works best of all when she .
(3)我不会说英语,更别提法语和德语了。
I can’t speak English, French or German.
leave her alone
is alone
let alone
5.annoy v.使烦恼;打扰;妨碍;扰乱
构词 annoying adj.恼人的;讨厌的
annoyed adj.恼怒的;气恼的
用法 be annoyed at 为……而生气
be annoyed with 对(某人)生气
例句 Mosquitoes annoy us in the summer.
夏天蚊子骚扰我们。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)他的态度使我十分气恼。
His attitude made me extremely .
(2)我气我自己那么轻易就让步了。
I was myself for giving in so easily.
(3)她被他说的话惹恼了。
She what he said.
annoyed
annoyed with
was annoyed at
6.anxious adj.担心的;忧虑的;渴望的
构词 anxiously adv.焦急地;忧虑地;担心地
用法 be anxious for/about 渴望……;为……担心
be anxious to do渴望做……
例句 The whole country was anxious for peace.
全国上下都渴望和平。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)他父母为他的安全担心。
His parents his safety.
(2)我在急切地期待你的答复。
I am waiting for your reply.
were anxious about
anxiously
7.appear v.出现,露面;显得;好像
构词 appearance n.出现,露面;容貌,外貌
disappear v.消失;失踪;不见
例句 We should not judge a person by his appearance.
我们不应该以貌取人。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)说到曹操,曹操就到。
Talk of the devil and he .
(2)他的样子变得使我们大为吃惊。
We were amazed at the change in .
(3)学生们似乎已完全无法控制了。
The students be completely out of control.
will appear
his appearance
appear to
二、重点短语
8.attract one’s attention引起某人注意
比较 draw one’s attention to 把……的注意力引向……
focus one’s attention on 所关注的是……
例句 I clapped to attract the children’s attention.
我拍手以引起孩子们的注意。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)她轻轻地咳了一声以引起我的注意。
She gave a quiet cough to .
(2)They focus their the children’s health.
(3)He drew my attention some new evidence.
attract my attention
attention on
to
9.be able to do sth.有能力做某事
构词 ability n.能力
比较 be capable of 会
例句 If I knew English,I should be able to read these English books.
假如我懂英语,我就能读这些英语书了。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)Be capable working under pressure.
(2)As I had plenty of money,I was able help her.
of
to
10.be about to即将,正要
用法 be about to...when 正要……,某事发生了
例句 I was about to go out when he called on me.
当他来访时,我正要出门。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)某种不寻常的事正要发生。
Something unusual happen.
(2)I was about to say something you interrupted me.
was about to
when
一、介词的概念
Ⅲ.语法突破——介词
介词 概念 类别
用来表明它后面的宾语和它前面的名词、名词短语、代词或动词之间关系的词。常置于宾语前,又称前置词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。 简单介词:at,as,on,in,for,to,by,before, after,between,beyond,about,from,until,
near,except,through
复合介词:into,onto,upon,inside,within, without,throughout
短语介词:along with,as for,according to,because of,in front of
二重介词:up to,(come)on in,from behind
转换介词:but(除……之外),despite(不顾), including(包括),like(像)
二、常见介词用法
介词 用法
时
间
介
词 at 表示时间“点”,具体年龄。
at 10:00,at noon
in 表示时间“段”和月、季节、年。
in the evening,in May,in 2010
on 表示具体的日期。
on Sunday;on April 1,2011
since 自从……以来,指时间的延续。
I have taught here since 1992.
from 从……起,表示开始的时间。
I will work hard from now on.
after 自……以后,表示某个动作发生后的情况。
She became a teacher after she graduated from a college.
介词 用法
时
间
介
词
within 在……以内,强调在一段时间内。
He can be fine again within three days.
before 在……以前,表示事情发生以前的情况。
We will go home before ten o’clock.
by 到……为止,在某一个期限完成某事。
She will have finished it by tomorrow.
until
(till) 直到……时。
The girl didn’t go to bed until nine o’clock.
续表：
续表：
介词 用法
方
位
介
词 at 用于较小的地方前。
They arrived at our school at noon.
in 用于较大的地方前。
My parents arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
on 在……上面,一般指同表面接触。
The pen on the desk is mine.
over 在……正上方,没有同表面接触。
There is a new bridge over the river.
under 在……正下方,没有同表面接触。
The girl under the tree is Lucy.
above 在……斜上方,没有同表面接触。
There’s a picture above the teachers’ desk.
below 在……斜下方,没有同表面接触。
She saw a boat below his feet.
续表：
介词 用法
方
位
介
词
up 向上,从下往上。A boy is climbing up a mountain.
down 向下,从上往下。
The boy went down his bike carefully.
bet-ween 在两者之间。Tom sits between Lucy and Jane.
among 在三者或三者以上之间。
Our maths teacher is standing among us.
along 沿着。She is looking for her son along the river.
across 从一边到另一边,侧重于从表面上横过。
Go across the street carefully.
before 在……前。Their classroom lies before ours.
after 在……后。He sits after me.
through 从一边穿过另一边,侧重于“封闭”体。
He walked through the door quickly.
三、常用介词辨析
1.表方位的to,on,in的辨析
介词 用法
to 有一定的距离,不相连。
Guangzhou lies to the south of Beijing.
on 相连,相邻。
Guangdong lies on the east of Guangxi.
in 包含在范围内。
Shenzhen lies in the east of Guangdong.
2.beside,besides,except的辨析
介词 用法
beside 在……的旁边。
There’s a library beside the gym.
体育馆旁有个图书馆。
besides 除……之外,还有(包括)。
We went to the museum besides the park.
除了公园,我们还去了博物馆。
except 除……之外(不包括)。
Everybody has been to the Great Wall except Jim.
除了Jim,所有的人都去过长城。
3.for,since,in和时间连用的辨析
介词 用法
for 和一段时间连用,句子使用现在完成时。We’ve learned English for over 10 years.
since 和过去时间连用,句子使用现在完成时。
We have learned English since 2000.
in 和过去时间连用,句子使用一般过去时;和将来时间连用,用一般将来时。
We learned English in 2000.
My father will come back in three days.
4.about,on表“关于”的辨析
介词 用法
about 涉及。
The boy is looking through a book about birds.
on 专题谈论。
She’s reading a book on how to feed a bird.
5.in front of,in the front of,before的辨析
介词 用法
in front of 在……前面(外部)。
There’s a tall tree in front of our classroom.
in the
front of 在……前部(内部)。
There’s a blackboard in the front of every classroom.
before 在……前,多在时间前。
My mother will be back home before nine o’clock.
6.by the way,in the way,on the way的辨析
介词 用法
by the way 顺便问一句。
By the way,where were you born
in the way 用这样的方法;挡道。
There’s a dog in the way.
on the way 在路上。
Sandy bought a new pen on the way home.
四、含介词的短语:介词短语和含介词的动词短语。
1.常用介词构成的介词短语。
介词 常用介词短语 中文意思
after after a while/time 过一会儿,过了一段时间
after all 毕竟,终究
after class 下课后
after school 放学后
day after day 日复一日
one after another 一个接一个地
the day after tomorrow 后天
续表：
介词 常用介词短语 中文意思
as as a matter of fact 事实上
as a result 因此
as...as 像……一样
as/so far as 据……所知,就……来看
as follow 如下
as for 至于
as if/though 似乎,好像
as usual 往常
as soon as 一……就……
as well 也
as well as 与……同样好,又,不但……而且……
such as 如、像……这样的
the same...as 和……一样
续表：
介词 常用介词短语 中文意思
at at a time 每次,一次
not...at all 根本不
at breakfast 在吃早餐时
at first 起初
at hand 在近处,在手头上
at last 最后
at home 在家
at least 至少
at most 至多
at night 在晚上
at noon 在中午
at once 立刻,马上
at present 目前,现在
续表：
介词 常用介词短语 中文意思
at
at school 在学校
at sea 出海,在海上,不知所措
at the age of 在……的年龄
at the beginning of 在……开始的时候
at the end of 在……的终点、最后
at the foot of 在……脚下
at the same time 同时
at the speed of 以……的速度
at work 在工作中,在运转,在起作用
续表：
介词 常用介词短语 中文意思
by by accident/chance 偶然地,碰巧
by air/plane 乘飞机
by bus 乘公共汽车
by mistake 弄错
by oneself 独自地,单独地
by day 昼间,日间
by sea/ship 乘船
by telephone 通过电话
by the end of 到……为止
by the way 顺便问一句,在途中
by this means 用这种方法
little by little 逐渐地,一点一点地
one by one 一个接一个
step by step 逐渐地,逐步地
续表：
介词 常用介词短语 中文意思
for except for 除……之外(不包括)
for example/ instance 例如
for ever/good 永远
for the benefit/good of 为……的利益、好处
from apart from 除了
from now on 从现在起
from then on 从那时起
from...to... 从……到……
from time to time 不时,偶尔,间或
续表：
介词 常用介词短语 中文意思
in in a hurry 匆忙地,急促地
in a minute 一会儿
in a word 总之
in addition 除此之外,并且
in advance 事先,提前
in all 总计
in bed 卧床
in case of 要是,如果,万一
in common 共有,公有
in danger 处在危险中
in debt 负债
in detail 详细地
in fact 事实上
续表：
介词 常用介词短语 中文意思
in
in front of 在……前面
in future 以后,将来
in general 一般说来
in honor of 向……表示敬意
in memory of 为了纪念;为追悼
in need of 需要
in order 按顺序
in order to/that 为了……
in other words 换句话说
in person 亲自
in public 公开地,当众
in return 作为回报
in search of 寻找
续表：
介词 常用介词短语 中文意思
in
in short 总之
in surprise 吃惊地
in the course of 在……的过程、进程中
in the east of 在……的东方
in the end 最后,终于
in the front of 在……的前部(在里面)
in the future 在将来
in the middle of 在……的中间
in the street 在街上
in time 及时
in trouble 处于困境、困难中
in turn 按顺序
in view of 鉴于,考虑到
介词 常用介词短语 中文意思
of because of 因为,由于
of course 当然
on account of 因为,由于
plenty of 许多
a lot of 许多
on on average 平均
on board 在船(火车、飞机、汽车)上
on business 出差
on duty 值班,值日
on earth 究竟,到底
on fire 失火
on foot 步行,走路
on holiday 度假
续表：
介词 常用介词短语 中文意思
on
on one’s way to 在去……的路上
on purpose 故意
on sale 出售
on show 在表演
on the left 在左边
on the radio 通过无线电、收音机
on the right 在右边
on the top of 在……的顶部、顶端、上方
on the way 在途中
on the whole 总之,整个地,大体上,基本上
on time 准时,按时
续表：
介词 常用介词短语 中文意思
out of out of breath 上气不接下气
out of control 失去控制
out of danger 脱离危险
out of date 过期
out of debt 还清债务
out of order 出故障,坏了
out of reach 不可及
out of sight 看不见
out of question 毫无疑问
out of the question 不可能
out of work 失业
out of use 不再使用
续表：
介词 常用介词短语 中文意思
to according to 根据,按照
due to 原因是,由于
thanks to 多亏,由于
to one’s surprise 令人惊讶的是
to the east of 在……的东面
to the point 中肯
with with regard to 关于
with the development of 随着……的发展
with the help of 在……的帮助下
续表：
2.含常用介词的动词短语
介词 常用短语 中文意思
about argue about 争论、辩论某事
be anxious about 为……而忧虑、着急
bring about 引起,造成,带来……结果
call about 在乎,在意,关心,对……感兴趣
quarrel about 争论,争吵
talk about 谈论,议论
think about 考虑,想出
worry about 担心
across come across 碰见,从一边走到另一边
get across 使明白,理解
run across(into) 碰到
续表：
介词 常用短语 中文意思
after go after 追求,追逐
look after 照顾,照料
take after 像某人
run after 追赶
as act as 充当,担任,扮演
be known as 被看成是
be considered as 被认为/看作是……
be respected as 被当作……尊重
regard as 把……看成
续表：
介词 常用短语 中文意思
at aim at 瞄准
arrive at 到达
be good at 擅长
call at 访问(某地)
laugh at 嘲笑
look at 看
point at 指向
stare at 盯着看
by go by 从……旁边经过,依……办
learn/know sth.by heart 熟记,能背出
pass by 经过
stand by 坐视不理,袖手旁观;支持
续表：
介词 常用短语 中文意思
for account for 解释,说明
answer for 对……负责
ask sb.for sth. 向某人要求某物
be famous for 因……而出名
be fit for 适合
be late for 迟到
be/get ready for 为……做好准备
call for 要求,需要;去接(人或物)
enter for 参与(比赛等)
go for a walk 去散步
go in for 从事,爱好
look for 寻找
make up for 弥补
续表：
介词 常用短语 中文意思
for
pay for sth. 负担……的费用,付……代价
send for 召唤,派人去请
wait for 等待
from be different from 与……不同、不一样
be made from 由……所做成的
break away from 脱离
come from 出生于,来自于
die from 死于
hear from 收到某人的来信
learn from 向……学习
prevent/stop/keep sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
separate...from... 把……分开
suffer from 遭受
续表：
介词 常用短语 中文意思
in be active in 在……方面积极
be interested in 对……感兴趣
believe in 相信
check in 登记办理手续
come in 进来
consist in 在于,以……为主要或唯一因素
do well in 在……方面做得好,擅长于做……
fill in 填入,填补,填写
get in 到达,到站,插话,上车
give in 让步,投降,屈服
续表：
介词 常用短语 中文意思
in
hand in 上交
join in 参加,加入
keep sth.in mind 记住……
participate in 参加
play a role in 起作用
succeed in 成功做某事
take (an active) part in (积极) 参加
turn in 交上来
续表：
介词 常用短语 中文意思
of be afraid of 担心,害怕
be fond of 喜欢
be full of 充满
be in charge of 照料,负责,管理
be made of 由……做成
be made up of 由……组成、构成
be proud of 以……为骄傲
be tired of 对……厌倦、厌烦
consist of 由……组成
hear of 获知
make (full) use of (充分)利用
make fun of 取笑,嘲笑,开玩笑
remind sb.of sth. 使某人想起某事
take care of 照顾,照料
talk of 谈论,谈及
think of 想起
续表：
介词 常用短语 中文意思
on/upon call on 访问,拜访
congratulate sb.on sth. 祝贺某人某事
depend/rely on 依靠,依赖
count on 指望,依赖
insist on 坚持
keep on doing sth. 继续做某事
knock on 敲
live on... 靠……生活
look down upon 看不起
once upon a time 从前
switch on 打开
turn on 打开
turn one’s back on 不理睬
续表：
介词 常用短语 中文意思
out of get out of 从……出来,摆脱
run out of 用光
drop out of 从……退出
over get over 结束,做完,恢复,痊愈
go over 复习,检查,查看,改变立场
look over 检查
turn over 使翻转,仔细考虑
through get through 熬过,考试及格,电话接通,了解,明白
go through 遭受,经历,通过;被批准,获准
pull through 恢复健康
续表：
介词 常用短语 中文意思
to add to 增加
be accustomed to 习惯于
be devoted to 致力于
be related to 与……有关,跟……有亲戚关系
be used to 习惯于
belong to 属于
devote oneself to 献身于
get down to 认真着手做,静下心来做
get to 到达
go to college 上大学
go to school 去上学
go to sleep 睡觉
go to the cinema 去看电影
续表：
介词 常用短语 中文意思
to
lead to 引导,指引,通向
listen to 听
look forward to 期盼
pay attention to 注意
point to 指向
put an end to 结束
refer to 谈及,论及
remember me to sb. 代问某人好,向某人问好
say hello to sb. 向(某人)问好,打招呼
stick to 坚持
talk to 与……谈话
turn to...for help 向……求救
used to 过去常常
write to 给……写信
续表：
介词 常用短语 中文意思
with agree with 同意
argue with sb. 与某人争论、吵架
be angry with 对……生气
be busy with sth. 忙于某事
be covered with 被……覆盖
be satisfied with 对……感到满意
be strict with 对……要求严格
be wrong with 有毛病,……有故障
begin with 以……开始,以……为起点
carry on with 继续下去
catch up with 赶上
come up with 想出办法
deal with 处理
续表：
介词 常用短语 中文意思
with
get in touch with 与……取得联系
get on with 与……相处
have a word with sb. 与某人谈话、说句话
have nothing to do with 与……无关
help sb.with sth. 帮助某人做某事
keep in touch with 和……保持联系
keep up with 跟上
make friends with 与……交朋友
put up with 忍受
shake hands with 与某人握手
talk with 与(某人)谈话
【介词高考考点分析】
下面是近几年高考题对介词的考查。通过这些题,我们来分析一下介词的用法和考点主要分布情况。
1.(2015年全国卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day: 67 the same time,they warm up again for the night.
【分析】 67.at。at the same time固定词组“同时”。
2.(2015年全国卷Ⅰ)For those who fly to Guilin,it’s only an hour away 66 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
【分析】 66.by。by car固定词组“坐汽车”。
3.(2016年全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
【分析】 64.to。短语go back to追溯到。
4.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)This trend,which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61 a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
【分析】 61.as。考查介词。句意:这个做法最初是医学界作为对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“作为,以……身份”,故填as。
5.(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62 world.
【分析】 62.from。考查介词。根据前面的to and from来回。
6.(2019年全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
【分析】 63.of/for。method后接of 或for 表示某种问题的解决办法。
7.(2020年全国卷Ⅰ)The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山),more so
65 the familiar near side.
【分析】 65.than。考介词。句意:因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so可知,此处填介词than,表示“比……更”。故填than。
8.(2022年全国卷Ⅰ)Giant pandas also serve 64 an umbrella species(物种),bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
【分析】 64.as。考查介词。短语:serve as 充当。句意:大熊猫也扮演一个保护伞的角色,为中国西南地区和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。
从高考题可知:介词在语法填空中,主要是考查其基本意思。也有少数固定搭配,基本不考查特殊用法。因此我们在学习和复习过程中,着重掌握常用介词的基本用法。不要钻得太深或太偏。全国卷的改错题中有介词的考点。一般考查介词用法准不准确。
【同步练习】
一、单项选择
( )1.Miss Gina will come three days.
A.before B.after C.in D.later
【答案】 C
【解析】 in three days三天内或三天后,常与将来时态连用。
( )2.David became a football coach in No.1 Middle School
the beginning of September.
A.on B.for C.with D.at
【答案】 D
【解析】 at the beginning of起初,开始。
( )3.—Can Tom take charge of the computer company
—I’m afraid it’s his ability.
A.beyond B.within C.of D.to
【答案】 A
【解析】 由于前面有be afraid担心,所以用beyond超出。
( )4.Our English teacher is writing a piece of chalk on the blackboard while we’re writing ink on the notebooks.
A.with;in B.in;with
C.in;in D.with;with
【答案】 A
【解析】 with+具体的东西;write in ink 用钢笔写字。
( )5.My mother was against my suggestion while my father was
it.
A.in favor of B.in memory of
C.in honor of D.in search of
【答案】 A
【解析】 in favor of支持,赞同;in memory of纪念;in honor of向……表示敬意;in search of寻找,寻求。
( )6.Mary dropped in Mr.Smith,but he wasn’t at home,so she went to drop in Mr.Smith’s office.
A.on;on B.at;at C.on;at D.at;on
【答案】 C
【解析】 drop in on拜访某人;drop in at拜访某地。
( )7.A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which will promote its economic development.
A.in nature B.in return
C.in turn D.in fact
【答案】 C
【解析】 in turn依次,轮流,反过来;in nature事实上,实质上,究竟;in return作为回报;in fact事实上。
( )8.The worker can make chairs wood,and also can make paper wood.
A.from;of B.of;from
C.of;of D.from;from
【答案】 B
【解析】 be made of由……制造(看得出原材料);be made from由……制造 (看不出原材料)。
( )9.Mr.Brown is not only strict his pupils but also strict
his own work.
A.with;with B.in;in
C.in;with D.with;in
【答案】 D
【解析】 be strict with严格要求某人;be strict in在某方面严格要求。
( )10. hearing the news,every one of us was wild
joy.
A.At;in B.On;with
C.After;by D./;over
【答案】 B
【解析】 on+doing,表“一……就……”;with伴随着……。听到这个消息,我们每个人欣喜若狂。
二、单句语法填空:用适当的介词填空。
1.Kobe devoted himself playing basketball.
2.Smith was ill yesterday,so I had to have the class instead him.
【答案】 to
【解析】 devote ...to...致力于……,献身于……。
【答案】 of
【解析】 instead of代替,而不是。
3.I met an old friend of mine in Hong Kong chance last Sunday.
4.I’m looking forward seeing you again.
【答案】 by
【解析】 by chance偶然,碰巧。
【答案】 to
【解析】 look forward to盼望。
5.There were several classmates standing at the door and the teacher couldn’t get .
6.I feel that one of my main duties a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.
【答案】 through
【解析】 get through通过。
【答案】 as
【解析】 as作为,后面常接职业。
7.We’ll have a football match four o’clock Saturday afternoon.
8.A woman teacher was sitting a group of children,telling them a story.
【答案】 at;on
【解析】 在时间点前用at;在具体的日期前用on。
【答案】 among
【解析】 三者以上之间用among。
9.Go this street and you’ll find the supermarket.
10.The old picture reminded me my grandmother.
【答案】 along
【解析】 go along沿着……往前走。
【答案】 of
【解析】 remind sb.of sth.使某人想起……。
高考话题:家庭和朋友(family and friends)——请你谈谈独生子女家庭的利弊
There was a debate about the advantages and disadvantages of One-child Family.
Some people think a family with one child is better than those with more children.For one thing,many people will try their best to achieve career success and have little time to care about their children.For another,if they only raise one child,they can afford better education for him.But there’re also some negative views about it.These people think it is better to have a big family because members in the family can help each other when in trouble.They also think the more children they have,the better life they may live in the future.
Ⅳ.作文模板必背
