(共24张PPT)
Unit Twelve
Ⅰ.重点词汇测试(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)
1. v.击败,战胜
2.defend
3. n.程度;度数;学位
4.delay
5. adj.美味的,可口的
6.delight
defeat
v.防守;保卫,保护;辩护
degree
v.&n.拖延,延误,延迟,延期;耽搁
delicious
n.快乐,乐事
7. v.投递(信件、邮包等)
8.demand
9. n.部门;(机关的)司,处
10.describe
11. n.沙漠;荒地 v.舍弃,遗弃
12.deserve
13. v.设计,策划;绘制
14.desire
15. v.毁坏,破坏,摧毁
deliver
v.要求,需要;查问 n.要求,需求
department
v.描写,描绘,叙述
desert
v.应得,应受;值得
n.期望,欲望;要求,请求;渴望之物 v.期望;要求,请求
destroy
design
16.cannot help doing
17. 喜欢,照看,担心,关心
18.carry on(with)
19. 完成,实现
20.catch up with
情不自禁做……
care for
继续下去
carry out
赶上,与……并驾齐驱
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community.As a result,all students must 1 sixty hours of service learning,or they will not receive a diploma.Service learning is academic learning that also helps the community. 2 of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river,working in a soup kitchen,or tutoring a student.During a service experience,students must keep a journal(日志) and then write a 3 about what they have learned.
Supporters claim that there are many 4 of service learning. Perhaps most importantly,students are 5 to think beyond their own interests and become 6 of the needs of others.Students are also able to learn real-life skills that 7 responsibility,problem-solving,and working as part of a team. 8 ,students can explore possible careers through service learning.
For example,if a student wonders what teaching is like,he or she can 9 to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month.While there are many benefits,opponents(反对者) 10 problems with the new requirement.First,they 11 that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills.Because service learning is time-consuming,students spend less time studying the core subjects.Second,they believe that forcing students to work without 12 goes against the law.By requiring service,the school takes away an individual’s freedom to choose.
In my view,service learning is a great way to 13 to the community,learn new skills,and explore different careers.However,I don’t believe you should force people to help others-the 14 to help must come from the heart.I think the best 15 is one that gives students choices:a student should be able to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service.Choice encourages both freedom and responsibility,and as young adults,we must learn to handle both wisely.
( )1.A.spend B.gain C.complete D.save
( )2.A.Subjects B.Ideas C.Procedures D.Examples
本文讲述的是现在的高中毕业要求在改变,要求学生选择60小时的独立学习或60小时的服务。
1.C [考查动词辨析。由文章知道,现在的大学要求学生要完成60个小时的service learning。]
2.D [考查名词辨析。是service learning的例子。]
( )3.A.diary B.report C.note D.notice
( )4.A.courses B.benefits C.challenges D.features
3.B [考查名词辨析。在进行service learning时,由生活常识来看,要写一个调查报告。]
4.B [考查名词辨析。支持者认为社区服务有很多益处。]
( )5.A.forced B.told C.allowed D.suggested
( )6.A.careful B.proud C.tired D.aware
5.A [考查动词辨析。学生被迫考虑自己的兴趣爱好之外的东西,并有意识地考虑别人的需要。]
6.D [考查形容词辨析。由上下文可知,意识到做某事为最佳答案。]
( )7.A.possess B.apply C.include D.develop
( )8.A.Gradually B.Finally C.Luckily D.Hopefully
7.C [考查动词辨析。由上下文可知,真正的生活技能包括(include)……,故C为最佳答案。]
8.B [考查副词辨析。由上下文可知,最后(Finally)为正确答案。]
( )9.A.choose B.decide C.want D.refuse
( )10.A.deal with B.look into
C.point out D.take down
9.A [考查动词辨析。如果想知道教学是怎样的,可以选择每月去小学工作几个下午。]
10.C [考查动词短语辨析。point out指出;deal with处理;look into深入地检查、研究、调查;take down写下,记下。]
( )11.A.argue B.doubt C.overlook D.admit
( )12.A.cost B.praise C.care D.pay
11.A [考查动词辨析。由上下文可知,argue(争论)为最佳答案。]
12.D [考查动词辨析。由常识可知,学生在社区服务是没有报酬的。]
( )13.A.contribute B.appeal
C.attend D.belong
( )14.A.courage B.desire C.emotion D.spirit
13.A [考查动词辨析。作者认为,社区服务是对社区作贡献,学习新技能,探索不同事业的一种好方法,其他不符合题意。]
14.B [考查名词辨析。发自内心地帮助别人,desire为最佳答案。]
( )15.A.decision B.purpose C.solution D.result
15.C [考查名词辨析。最佳的解决办法solution。]
Ⅲ.写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
你校英文报Youth正在庆祝创刊十周年,请你写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1.读报的经历;
2.喜爱的栏目;
3.期望和祝福。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。(2021年全国卷Ⅰ)
Youth and Me
Youth and Me
Dear editor,
As the 10th anniversary ceremony of YOUTH is drawing near,I am writing to take this opportunity to extend my heartfelt congratulations.
Ever since I was young,my parents exposed me to various magazines,but YOUTH was my favorite which has gained high praise from many students including me,a regular reader.Not only does it supply me with a platform to broaden my horizon,but its rich content can also spark my burning passion for English.I am fond of all its columns,but what I enjoy most about the paper is its language and writing style,which contributes greatly to my progress in writing.
I have thousands of blessings and I keenly wish YOUTH could achieve greater success and gain more popularity.
Yours,
Li Hua
【思路点拨】
本文是一封给校英文报的一封信,我们只要围绕所给的信息合理拓展就可以了。
1.先交代写作目的:As the 10th anniversary ceremony of YOUTH is drawing near,I am writing to take this opportunity to extend my heartfelt congratulations.
2.谈读报的经历:Ever since I was young,my parents exposed me to various magazines,but YOUTH was my favorite which has gained high praise from many students including me,a regular reader.
3.谈报纸的影响:Not only does it supply me with a platform to broaden my horizon,but its rich content can also spark my burning passion for English.
4.说出喜爱的栏目:I am fond of all its columns,but what I enjoy most about the paper is its language and writing style,which contributes greatly to my progress in writing.
5.给予期望和祝福:I have thousands of blessings and I keenly wish YOUTH could achieve greater success and gain more popularity.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
James shook his money box again.Nothing! He carefully counted the coins that lay on the bed.$24.52 was all that he had.The bicycle he wanted was $90! How on earth was he going to get the rest of the money He knew that his friends all had bicycles.It was hard to hang around with people when you were the only one without wheels.He thought about what he could do.There was no need to ask his parents because he knew they had no money to spare.
There was only one way to get money,and that was to earn it.He would have to find a job.But who would hire him and what could he do He decided to ask Mr.Clay for advice,who usually had opinions in most things.“Well,you can start right here,” said Mr.Clay.“My windows need cleaning and my car needs washing.” That was the beginning of James’s odd job(零工) business.For three months he worked every day after finishing his homework.He was surprised by the various jobs that people found for him to do.He took dogs and babies for walks,cleared out cupboards,and mended books.He forgot the number of cars he washed and windows he cleaned,but the money increased and he knew that he would soon have enough for the bicycle he was dying for.The day finally came when James counted his money and found $94.32.He wasted no time and went down to the shop to pick up the bicycle he wanted.
It had been hard work for the money,but James knew that he valued his bicycle far more since he had bought it with his own money.He had achieved what he thought was impossible,and that was worth even more than the bicycle.
注意:1.所续写短文的词数应为 150左右;
2.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
He rode proudly home,looking forward to showing his new bicycle to his friends.
Paragraph 1
He rode proudly home,looking forward to showing his new bicycle to his friends.His friends were more than glad that James owned his bicycle so that they could make a trip together.Excited and confident,James told them the fact that he spent spare time doing various jobs to realize his dream with money earned by himself.All of his friends admired him for his hard work,expressing that they would learn from him,achieving their goals without giving up.Going home happily,James was encouraged and required by his parents to thank Mr.Clay and others for the odd job business they offered. Thinking of so many surprising jobs,James understood all of them, and moved to tears.
Paragraph 2
Many years later,James succeeded in running a company with the name of Good Opinions.He was willing to give good opinions to people in difficulty,offering various jobs and helpful equipment to help them overcome all the challenges and live a happy life.He used his action to thank Mr.Clay and others and spread their kind spirits.
Paragraph 2:
Many years later,James succeeded in
(共43张PPT)
Unit Twelve
重点词汇必背
一、重点单词
1.defeat [di fi t] v.击败,战胜
2.defend [di fend] v.防守;保卫,保护;辩护
3.degree [di gri ] n.程度;度数;学位
4.delay [di lei] v.& n.拖延,延误,延迟,延期;耽搁
5.delicious [di li s] adj.美味的,可口的
6.delight [di lait] n.快乐,乐事
7.deliver [di liv ] v.投递(信件等),交付;发表(演说);使分娩, 给(产妇)接生
8.demand [di ma nd] v.要求,需要;查问 n.要求,需求
9.department [di pa tm nt] n.部门;(机关的)司,处;(大学的)系 (缩 Dept.)
10.describe [dis kraib] v.描写,描绘,叙述
11.desert [ dez t] n.沙漠;荒地
[di z t] v.舍弃,遗弃
dessert [di z t] n.甜点
12.deserve [di z v] v.应得,应受;值得
13.design [di zain] n.图案,图样,样式;设计,策划
v.设计,策划;绘制
14.desire [di zai ] n.期望,欲望;要求,请求;渴望之物
v.期望;要求,请求
15.destroy [di str i] v.毁坏,破坏,摧毁
二、重点短语
16.cannot help doing 情不自禁做……
17.care for 喜欢;照看
18.carry on (with) 继续下去
19.carry out 完成,实现
20.catch up with 赶上,与……并驾齐驱
一、重点单词
1.delight n.快乐,乐事
构词 delighted adj.高兴的,愉快的
delightful adj.使人愉快的,宜人的
用法 to the delight of 令……愉快
delight in sth./doing sth.以……为乐
例句 To the delight of all her fans,she won the game.
令她的粉丝高兴的是她赢得了比赛。
核心词汇运用
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)这消息将使全世界崇拜他的人都感到高兴。
This news will his fans all over the world.
(2)她听到好消息很高兴。
She was the good news.
(3)她感到幸福是因为她有一个讨人喜欢的孩子。
She feels happy because she has a child.
delight
delighted at
delightful
2.deliver v.投递(信件等),交付;拯救;发表(演说);使分娩,给(产妇)接生
构词 delivery n.投递,交付;拯救;分娩
用法 deliver a baby 接生
deliver sb.from解救,使摆脱
例句 We promise to deliver your milk in every morning.
我们承诺每天早上把牛奶送达。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)请货到付款。
Please pay for goods on .
(2)礼物已发送到每家每户。
Gifts have been every household.
(3)她生下一个健康的女孩。
She was a healthy girl.
delivery
delivered to
delivered of
3.demand v.要求,需要;查问 n.要求,需求
构词 demanding adj.要求多的;吃力的
demandable adj.可要求的
demander n.要求者
用法 in demand需求
demand for sth.对……的需求
例句 The demand for coal begins to decrease in the spring.
煤的需求在春天开始减少。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)这些问题都需要认真具体地研究。
All these questions careful and detailed study.
(2)下雨天要雇出租汽车的人很多。
Taxis are on rainy days.
(3)对苹果有大量的需求。
There is a apples.
demand
in great demand
great demand for
4.describe v.描写,描绘,叙述
构词 description n.描写;刻画;类型;说明书
用法 describe as 把……说成,把……称为
describe sth.to sb.向某人描述某物
例句 Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene.
语言难以描述那景色之美。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)他向我们详细地描述了抢劫事件。
He the robbery in detail us.
(2)他自称是医生。
He as a doctor.
(3)我的快乐难以用语言来形容。
It is very difficult to in words.
described
to
describes himself
describe my joy
5.design n.图案,图样,样式;设计,策划 v.设计,策划;绘制
构词 designer n.设计者
用法 work out a design 完成设计
design to do 策划做
例句 This dress is of the latest design.
这件衣服是最新设计的。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)他为我们设计了一所美丽的房子。
He a beautiful house.
(2)你如何规划大学四年的学习生活
How do you your college campus life
(3)他们决定现在就出发。
They designed at once.
designed us
design
leaving/to leave
6.desire n.期望,欲望;要求,请求;渴望之物
v.期望;要求,请求
构词 desirable adj.令人满意的;有吸引力的;令人向往的
用法 arouse/raise desire
引起欲望
desire for money/power/success
金钱欲,权欲,渴望获得成功
例句 I am filled with the desire to go back home.
我心中充满了回家的渴望。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)她渴望自己的研究能够出现突破。
She desires a breakthrough in her research.
(2)每个人都向往生活在一个无忧无虑的世界里。
Everyone live in a world free of worries and pains.
(3)他们表示很希望这些文件能公之于世。
They expressed their the papers should be made public.
for
desires to
desires that
7.destroy v.毁坏,破坏,摧毁,杀死
构词 destroyed adj.遭破坏的
用法 be destroyed by毁于……
例句 If the tree falls that way,it will destroy the house.
如果这棵树向那边倒下就会把那所房子压坏。
操练 根据句子要求,完成句子。
(1)他只好杀死那只受伤的动物。
He had to the injured animal.
(2)一颗原子弹能摧毁一座城市。
An atom bomb would a city.
destroy
destroy
二、重点短语
8.care for喜欢,照看
比较 care about 关心 take care of 照顾,照料
例句 The sick child was well cared for day and night.
那个生病的孩子日夜受到很好的看护。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)他根本不关心他的儿子。
He does not his son at all.
(2)我喜欢她的孩子,却不太喜欢她。
I like her child but I don’t her.
(3)他很精明,可以照顾他自己。
He is smart and can himself.
care about
care for
take care of
9.carry out完成,实现
比较 carry on (with) 继续进行
carry through 完成,贯彻
例句 The plan shall be carried out to the full.
这计划必须不折不扣地执行。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)我们期待他履行诺言。
We expect him to his promises.
(2)我们决心完成我们所有的计划。
We are determined to all our plans.
(3)无论如何,我们必须坚持研究。
We should our research no matter what happened.
carry out
carry through
carry on with
10.catch up with赶上,与……并驾齐驱
比较 catch up赶上;很快拾起;缠住
catch up with=keep up with 跟上
例句 We have done all we could to catch up with them.
我们已经尽了一切可能来赶上他们。
操练 填入适当的词使句子完整。
(1)要想赶上其他同学,我得特别努力才行。
I have to work hard to the other students.
(2)小偷一把抓起钱,逃之夭夭。
The thief the money and ran away.
(3)我认为跟上时代是很重要的。
I think it important that we the times.
catch up with
caught up
catch/keep up with
一、动词语态的类别
语法突破——动词语态
分类 意义
语态 主动语态 主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态 主语是动作的承受者。
二、主动句变为被动句
句式 概念 转化步骤
主动句 谓语动词是主动语态的句子叫主动句。 主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语。
主动句的谓语变成“be+过去分词”,be的形式与原句一致。
被动句 谓语动词是被动语态的句子叫被动句。 主动句的主语变成by的宾语,放在谓语之后,有时可以省略。
其他句子成分通常写在句子后面即可。
三、被动语态的构成及其用法
构成 用法
助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 强调动作的承受者;不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者是谁,这时候往往不需要用by sb./sth.来引出动作的执行者;常用于经典的报道性的句型,如:It’s said/reported/believed/expected that...,“据说、报道……;人们相信、期待……”
四、被动语态在八种常用时态中的运用
时态 构成
一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时 was/were+过去分词
现在进行时 am/is/are+being+过去分词
过去进行时 was/were+being+过去分词
一般将来时 will/shall/be going to+be+过去分词
过去将来时 would+be+过去分词
现在完成时 have/has+been+过去分词
过去完成时 had+been+过去分词
五、不能使用被动语态的几种情况
不用被动语态 动词
不及物动词 appear,disappear,die,end,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,break out,come out,fall asleep,keep silence,lose heart,take place
系动词 appear,be,become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn
带同源宾语、反身代词作宾语的及物动词 die-death,dream-dream,live-life,teach oneself,
devote oneself,dress oneself
六、动名词主动形式表示被动
后接动名词的主动形式表被动的词 举例 备注
need/want/
require Our classroom
needs cleaning
now. 后接不定式时用被动语态。
Our classroom needs to be cleaned now.
be worth The film is worth seeing again. 后接及物动词,及物动词后不接宾语。
The film is worth seeing it twice.(it是多余的。)
【动词语态高考考点分析】
下面是近几年高考题对动词语态的考查。通过题目,我们来分析一下动词语态的用法和考点主要分布情况。
1.(2016年全国卷Ⅰ)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research,I 62 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
【分析】 62.was allowed。本题用到动词的被动语态。由it was a great honour可知时态是一般过去时,allow sb.to do sth.,意为允许某人靠近……,用被动语态。
2.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
3.(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines 65 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers,
with all the smoke and noise.
【分析】 64.are removed。考查被动语态。分析可知fat,salt和remove之间是被动关系,脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉,所以用被动语态。故填are removed。
【分析】 65.were used。考过去式的被动语态。句意:蒸汽发动机是用来引擎四轮车的。
4.(2020年全国卷Ⅰ)“This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 (construct)”.
【分析】 68.is constructed。考查时态语态和主谓一致。此处是宾语从句谓语动词,谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系,由上下文可知用一般现在时,主语the moon是单数,故填is constructed。
5.(2022年全国卷Ⅰ)The GPNP 60 (design) to reflect the guiding principle...
【分析】 60.is designed。考查被动语态。空处在句中作谓语与主语The GPNP(单数)是被动关系;句子是陈述事实,用一般现在时。故填is designed。句意:设计大熊猫自然保护区是为了反映……的指导原则。
动词的语态常常和时态一起考查。不管是语法填空、短文改错还是写作都可能设题考查。平时一定要重视对它的学习。
【同步练习】
一、单项选择
( )1.The big tree by my brother ten years ago.
A.was planted B.planted
C.has planted D.was planting
【答案】 A
【解析】 The big tree是动作的承受者,用被动语态。
( )2.Many more houses for teachers since last year.
A.are building B.built
C.have built D.have been built
【答案】 D
【解析】 Many more houses是动作的承受者,用被动语态。
( )3.Who will you ask for help if you
A.robbed B.are robbed
C.will be robbed D.will be stolen
【答案】 B
【解析】 条件状语从句“if you are robbed”中,主语you是动作的承受者,用被动语态,“如果你被抢劫”。
( )4.The girl was unhappy because she by some boys in the class.
A.is laughed B.was laughed
C.laughed at D.was laughed at
【答案】 D
【解析】 原因状语从句“because she was laughed at by some boys in the class”中,she是动作的承受者,用被动语态。
( )5.Great changes place in China since 1978.
A.have been taken B.have taken
C.has been taken D.took
【答案】 B
【解析】 take place是不及物动词,句末有since 1978,用现在完成时。
( )6. the red pencil-box by your father last week
A.Has;bought B.Was;bought
C.Does;buy D.Did;buy
【答案】 B
【解析】 从by your father last week,就可以判断应该填被动语态。
( )7.Look! A tall modern building in our city.
A.is built B.was being build
C.is being built D.has built
【答案】 C
【解析】 A tall modern building是被建设的,用被动语态,从句首的Look! 就可以判断应该用现在进行时。
( )8.When the Party
A.was;founded B.was;found
C.is;found D.has;been founded
【答案】 A
【解析】 the Party是被建立的,用被动语态。
( )9.In 1620,about half the USA forests.
A.was covered B.were filled with
C.was covered with D.covered with
【答案】 C
【解析】 about half the USA和cover之间是被动关系,about half the USA是被覆盖的,应该用被动语态。
( )10.Will the job in ten minutes
A.finish B.be finish
C.be finished D.finished
【答案】 C
【解析】 the job是动作的承受者,被完成。
二、语法填空:用被动语态填空。
1.My new book (finish) in two months.
2.Silk (produce) in Suzhou.
【答案】 will be finished
【解析】 My new book 是finish这一动作的承受者,用被动语态,从时间状语in two months 可以判断应该用一般将来时。
【答案】 is produced
【解析】 Silk是被生产的,应该用被动语态。
3.The New Year Card (post) to me by John last week.
4.A lot of water (waste) every year.It’s a serious problem.
【答案】 was posted
【解析】 The New Year Card是被寄到的,从时间状语last week可以判断应该用一般过去时。
【答案】 is wasted
【解析】 water是浪费这一动作的承受者,故用被动语态。
5.Now many kinds of work (can do) by robots.
6.English (speak) as a second language in some countries.
【答案】 can be done
【解析】 从by robots可以判断应该用被动语态can be done。
【答案】 is spoken
【解析】 English是speak这一动作的承受者,用被动语态。
7.A new bridge (build) over the river last year.
8.The children often (tell) to be careful with fire.
【答案】 was built
【解析】 bridge和build之间是被动关系,用被动语态,从时间状语last year可以判断用一般过去时。
【答案】 are;told
【解析】 children被告知,用被动语态。
9.The accident (happen) just now.
10.Now he (ask) if the meeting (hold) next Friday.
【答案】 happened
【解析】 accident和happen之间是主动关系,从时间状语just now可以判断用一般过去时,故填happened。
【答案】 is asked;will be held
【解析】 由主句中的时间状语now可知主句应该是现在时,主语he是被问及,故用被动语态;根据从句的时间状语next Friday可知从句应该用一般将来时,meeting是被举行的,用被动语态。
高考话题:个人感情(personal emotions)——谈与家人相处
I’m a middle school student. I’m writing to ask you for help because my relationship with my mother has troubled me for a long time.Though I love my mother,she is too strict with me and she loses her temper so easily that I don’t know how to communicate with her.Even if I get high grades,I still feel afraid of her.Besides, we seldom have a chance to sit down and exchange our feelings and thoughts.I’m eager to know how we can know more about and get closer to each other,and I do hope you will give me some advice.
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