2025年人教版英语中考专项复习---动词分类与动词短语（无答案）

动词分类与动词短语
一、核心考点精讲
1. 动词分类
类型 功能与例词 例句 易错点
实义动词 表示具体动作（run, eat, write） She writes a letter. 区分及物动词（需宾语）与不及物动词（无需宾语）
连系动词 连接主语与表语（be, seem, become） He is a teacher. 后接形容词/名词，不可直接接副词
助动词 帮助构成时态或语态（do, have, will） They have finished the work. 否定句直接在助动词后加not
情态动词 表示能力、许可、推测（can, must, may） You must finish your homework. 后接动词原形，无时态变化
2. 动词短语（高频中考短语）
动词短语 含义 例句 易错点
look after 照顾 She looks after her sister. 混淆：look for（寻找） vs. look after
give up 放弃 Don’t give up trying. 短语后接动名词（give up doing）
turn on/off 打开/关闭 Turn on the light. 宾语为代词时需放中间（turn it on）
put off 推迟 We put off the meeting. 后接动名词（put off doing）
run out of 用完 We ran out of water. 主语为人，不可用被动语态
记忆技巧：
口诀：“动短搭配要记牢，介词副词不可少！”
分类记忆：按意义分组（如“放弃类”：give up, stop doing）。
3. 情态动词
情态动词 用法 例句 否定形式
can 能力、请求、可能性 He can swim. cannot / can’t
must 必须、肯定推测 You must study hard. must not / mustn’t
may 许可、可能性 May I come in may not
should 建议、义务 You should apologize. should not / shouldn’t
need 需要（实义动词/情态动词） He need not go. (情态) need not / needn’t
易错点：
must vs. have to：must表主观义务，have to表客观需要。
can vs. be able to：can表能力，be able to强调通过努力做到。
二、提高练习
（一）、单项选择
You ______ finish your homework before playing games.
A. can B. must C. may D. need
She ______ run fast when she was young.
A. can B. could C. must D. should
The light is on. Someone ______ be in the room.
A. can B. must C. may D. need
—______ I use your pen
—Yes, you can.
A. Must B. Need C. Should D. May
We ______ waste water. It’s precious.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t
The students ______ to hand in their papers tomorrow.
A. have B. has C. had D. will have
He ______ his keys. Can you help him find them
A. looked after B. looked for C. looked up D. looked out
Don’t ______ the meeting. It’s important.
A. put off B. put on C. put up D. put away
The computer doesn’t work. Please ______.
A. turn off it B. turn it off C. turn off D. turn it on
She ______ smoking last year.
A. gave up B. gave in C. gave away D. gave out
______ you pass me the salt
A. Must B. Could C. Should D. Would
The boy ______ swim across the river.
A. is able to B. can be C. must D. has to
You ______ worry about me. I’m fine.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t
The train ______ in ten minutes.
A. will leave B. leaves C. left D. has left
15.He ______ his homework yet.
A. didn’t finish B. hasn’t finished C. doesn’t finish D. won’t finish
（二）、用所给词的正确形式填空
He ______ (can) speak three languages when he was ten.
You ______ (must) drive after drinking. It’s dangerous.
______ (May) I borrow your dictionary
We ______ (run) out of milk. Let’s buy some.
She ______ (look) after her brother every day.
The students ______ (have) a party next week.
He ______ (give) up playing games last month.
Please ______ (turn) off the TV before leaving.
They ______ (put) off the trip because of the rain.
The boy ______ (can) solve the problem easily now.
You ______ (should) apologize to your friend.
The light is broken. I ______ (fix) it tomorrow.
She ______ (may) come to the party, but I’m not sure.
We ______ (need) finish the project by Friday.
He ______ (must) be tired after working all day.
They ______ (look) for the lost dog yesterday.
The teacher ______ (tell) us to be quiet now.
I ______ (not can) find my keys anywhere.
You ______ (should not) eat too much junk food.
The cake ______ (smell) delicious. Can I have a piece
答案与解析
（一）单项选择答案
B（must表必须）
B（could表过去能力）
B（must表肯定推测）
D（may表请求许可）
A（mustn’t表禁止）
D（will have表将来）
B（look for寻找）
A（put off推迟）
B（turn it off正确宾语位置）
A（gave up放弃）
B（Could表礼貌请求）
A（be able to表能力）
B（needn’t表不需要）
B（一般现在时表时刻表安排）
B（现在完成时表未完成）
（二）填空题答案
could（过去能力）
must not / mustn’t（禁止）
May（请求许可）
have run（现在完成时）
looks（一般现在时）
will have（一般将来时）
gave（过去式）
turn（祈使句）
put（过去式）
can（现在能力）
should（建议）
will fix（将来时）
may（可能性）
need to（实义动词需加to）
must（推测）
looked（过去式）
is telling（现在进行时）
cannot / can’t（否定能力）
should not / shouldn’t（建议）
smells（连系动词）