重难语法06 词形词性转化
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 2
考点01 定语从句 3
考点02 名词性从句 5
考点03 状语从句 9
考点04 特殊句式 10
高考练场 15
词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时，一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表语、定语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；二要根据标志词及语境确定比较级；三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。
如何判断是否考查词形转换
解题攻略 例
第一步：确定是否考查词形转换： 提示词为动词， 如果既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。 第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词： 根据句式结构以及空格所缺成分进一步分析，如果作动词或介词的宾语、作主语， 动词常转换为名词； 如果作表语或者定语，动词常转换为形容词。 It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ________ (develop) of the local areas. 分析：第一步：确定是否考查词性转换 提示词为动词，句子有谓语动词allows及并列谓语provides可知，空格处既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。 第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词 根据分析句子成分，空格在冠词the之后， 应填名词。
1.动词转换为形容词：
①-able结尾的形容词
accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
admire→admirable 可钦佩的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
afford→affordable 负担的起的
②v.＋ed/ing 转换为形容词
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
worry→worried 担心的
excite→exciting 令人激动的；令人兴奋的
③v.＋词缀ive转化为形容词
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
④v.＋词缀-ful/less转换为形容词
cheer→cheerful 兴高采烈的
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
thank→thankful 感激的
2．动词转换为名词
①v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration n．庆祝
compete→competition n．比赛
pollute→pollution n．污染
educate→ education n．教育
②v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”
achieve→achievement n．成就
announce→announcement n．宣布
argue→argument n．争论， 论据
develop→development n．发展
③v.＋-er/-or 转换为名词， 表示“人”
perform→performer n．表演者
settle→settler n．移民者
educate→educator n．教育家
direct→director n．导演
3.名词的单复数：
若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数。若有以下情况考虑名词复数：
①有数词或these, those, several, many, all, both, various, numerous等词修饰时用名词复数形式。
②名词前有one of时用名词复数形式。
③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应填名词复数形式。
4.名词转换成形容词
提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。
注意名词变形容词的后缀
①n.＋-able→adj. honor→honorable
②n.＋-al→adj. nature→natural
③n.＋-ful→adj. colour→colourful
④n.＋-en→adj. wood→wooden
⑤n.＋-y→adj. wealth→wealthy
5.名词转换成动词
提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前缀/后缀
①加前缀en-： courage→encourage vt.鼓励
danger → endanger vt. 危及；使遭到危险
②加后缀-en: strength→strengthen vt.加强
③加后缀-ize: apology →apologize v．道歉
6.填名词的所有格
提示词与其后的名词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的所有格。
①单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加-'s。
②以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，形式为-s'或-es'。
7.形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词
根据句意和前后逻辑关系， 确定句意表否定时，添加否定前缀(un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后缀(-less)变为反义词。
8.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级
(1)利用标志词确定比较等级
①题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时用比较级。
②设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时用最高级。
③设空前有one of the，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。
(2)利用固定句型
“the＋比较级 ...the＋比较级 ...”表示“越……就越……”。
(3)利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较级或最高级，也需要用比较级或最高级。
单句语法填空
1．The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without (recognise). (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．The (determine) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself.(所给词的适当形式填空)
3．There are so many people with guns these days; it’s really . (fright)
4．You can depend on him to come on time--- he is very . (rely)
5．Dealing with such a tough situation taught me that one (fail) could only make me stronger. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．Hosting the Winter Olympic Games can ( strength) the friendship among people from different countries. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．Most shoemakers now produce (fashion) shoes in order to compete in the market. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8．This makes commercial space travel an awkward issue not just (domestic), but abroad. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．An organization doesn't grow if you don’t have a (vision) leader to take you into the future. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10． (visible) was down to about 100 meters in the fog. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11．Every morning he tried to do exercises to (strong) his leg muscles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．A (determine) person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13．I’m looking forward to visiting some tourist (attract) when I have extra money. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14．Children who never gained their parents’ (approve) tend to suffer from a lack of confidence. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．While staying in Beijing, he made the (good) of his spare time to know more of Chinese literature. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16．In natural outdoor lighting, it can (automatic) complete visual identification and fueling without manual intervention. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17．Jack speak English very (fluent) as if he were an Englishman. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．As a native of Fengcheng, I have a great (prefer) for hot pepper. The hotter, the better. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19．It is said that Newton’s strong (curious) about a fallen apple on his head led to the discovery of the law of gravity. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20．Evidence points to hunting by humans and habitat (destroy) as the likely causes for the current mass extinction. (所给词的适当形式填空)
21．People under the age of 40 constitute the (major) of the labour force. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22．His (determine) looks suggested that he wouldn’t change his mind. (所给词的适当形式填空)
23．Thanks to recent research, (effect) treatments are available. (所给词的适当形式填空)
24．She got a headache if she had to read for any (long) of time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25．The little boy gave his all in the game, playing without (hesitate) even when he was injured. (所给词的适当形式填空)
26．It is (convenient) to have a meeting during lunchtime when everyone is busy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
27．Though the government has taken many measures, the train service is still (frequent) delayed due to bad weather. (所给词的适当形式填空)
28．People often have different opinions on some hot issues, so it is impossible to make (assume) about people's reactions. (所给词的适当形式填空)
29．Violin is a (string) instrument which produces a particularly beautiful and vibrant (充满活力的) tone. (所给词的适当形式填空)
30．A (conduct) is someone who stands in front of a group of musicians or singers and directs their playing or singing. （所给词的适当形式填空）
31．Listening to more music can (able) people to improve their aesthetic (审美的) ability. （所给词的适当形式填空）
32．I was so impressed by the band’s (perform) that I want to listen to it again. (所给词的适当形式填空)
33．At around 11 a. m, the tomato trucks make their (enter) and stop in the town centre. （所给词的适当形式填空）
34．The third quality of literature, coming out of the other two, is its (permanent). （所给词的适当形式填空）
35．Realizing small goals will also give you (encourage) to achieve your long-term goal. （所给词的适当形式填空）
36．Of （equality）importance are good habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. （所给词的适当形式填空）
37．Some people looking difficult to get along with are (actual) friendly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
38．The girl was (frighten) when a dog was running after her on her way home. (所给词的适当形式填空)
39．Compared with other countries, the (unique) of traditional Chinese culture lies in its long historical background. (所给词的适当形式填空)
40．You’d better make a detailed (arrange) in advance before you travel abroad. (所给词的适当形式填空)
41．After graduating from college, he found a job and ended his (depend) on his parents. (所给词的适当形式填空)
42．To her great (disappoint), it rained on the day of the picnic. (所给词的适当形式填空)
43． (employ) provides not just a livelihood, but also a sense of purpose and fulfillment in life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
44．Do you mean you were in complete (ignore) of the fact (所给词的适当形式填空)
45．As for your parents, you should make an (apologise) to them. (所给词的适当形式填空)
46．No one will put a figure on the final cost of this (reconstruct). (所给词的适当形式填空)
47．This new suggestion is a distinct improvement from the one I (original) made. (所给词的适当形式填空)
48．Luckily he was just (slight) injured in the traffic accident. （所给词的适当形式填空）
49．Comparing the two photographs, I could hardly tell the (differ) between the twins. (所给词的适当形式填空)
50．The problem with computer games is that they are (addict). (所给词的适当形式填空)
语篇语法填空（注意词形词性转化）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the right expectations and a little preparation, a visit to China can be an amazing experience. Knowing some Chinese is not a 1 (necessary) but it helps a lot. In large cities like Beijing and Shanghai, the relatively younger generations, 2 can speak basic English, are eager to help out. If you choose a smaller city as your destination, being able to speak basic Chinese is 3 (benefit). We foreigners would have a difficult time here if we couldn’t speak the basics of Chinese. Plus, a simple hello or thank-you in Chinese 4 (appreciate), as natives can see that we’ve made 5 effort to learn and speak their language.
There are a lot of language learning apps and computer programs 6 (choose) from. It also helps to have a Chinese translate app on your phone. We used this to communicate many times as well.
We 7 (figure) out many travel tips for ourselves while traveling. During our travel, we avoided traveling in a large group of people, 8 (prefer) to find our own way. Though we got lost sometimes, independent travel is still the best way to be absorbed 9 the culture. By traveling on our own we can interact with the local people 10 (natural), rather than traveling within the safety of a large travel group with a guide.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new study by researchers from the University of Toronto, Hangzhou Normal University and Harvard University has found that 11 (simple) expressing trust in young children can promote their honesty.
Conducted through 12 series of field experiments with 328 kindergarteners, the international study was intended to know whether children were less likely to cheat in a simple test of counting accuracy if the adult 13 (direct) the test had previously conveyed her trust in them. The results showed that when adults trusted children to help with small tasks, such as holding their house keys, and 14 (express) that they would trust them in the future, the children were significantly less likely to cheat on a subsequent test compared to children 15 weren’t given such trust messages.
“We were astonished by how powerful an effect a simple expression of trust had 16 children’s subsequent honesty was,” said Professor Li Zhao of Hangzhou Normal University. “It seems that even at a young age,children understand the value of trust and are willing to behave more honestly in response to feeling 17 (trust).”
Not only do the findings have important theoretical implications, but they also offer 18 (practice) guidance to help parents and educators in developing moral character from an early age. “ 19 (we) results point to the promise of using trust rather than threats or punishment 20 (develop) good qualities in children,” said Dr. Zhao.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese tea art was born in the Han Dynasty, 21 (mature) in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Chinese tea art made 22 (it) a cultural and spiritual icon, symbolizing a noble character.
Early records of tea sets are scarce before the Tang Dynasty. However, Lu Yu’s work, Cha Jing, promoted a flourishing of tea culture, 23 (detail) 28 distinct tea sets within a single chapter.
The tea sets in the Song Dynasty are more gorgeous and magnificent. Tea bottle replaced water boiler, and “cha xian”, functioning 24 a spoon to blend tea, was added in tea sets. A 25 (compete) game based on tea drinking acquired 26 great reputation during this time. The tea bottle used has a big belly, long neck, and parabolic mouth for precise pouring.
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea sets shifted back to simpler terracotta and porcelain, yet they were more sophisticated than Tang Dynasty 27 (version). White colored tea sets, 28 colour was beautifully set off by the green color of the loose tea, became more favorable. Purple clay pottery from Yixing, Jiangsu province, thrived in the Qing Dynasty. 29 (remarkable), tea in purple clay tea sets still tastes good after 30 (keep) for one night even in hot summer.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jingtailan, also known as Cloisonne, is 31 unique combination of sculpture, painting, porcelain making and copper-smithing. 32 (introduce) to China from Arabian countries via the ancient Silk Road, Cloisonne first 33 (appear) in China in the Yuan Dynasty and developed during the Ming Dynasty, during 34 time the predominant use of blue enamel glaze (珐琅釉) inspired its name, jingtailan.
Making Cloisonne requires rather complicated processes and each cloisonne piece 35 (fire) three times with a fresh coat of enamel each time. After firing, the pieces are polished to look like gold.
Cloisonne can be found on large objects such as vases and other large decorative items, as well as small items like earrings. All the products are beautiful and 36 (elegance) in molding, brilliant in colors and splendid and graceful in design. Jingtailan art pieces are often used 37 national gifts on important occasions, 38 (show) rich cultural heritage.
Nowadays, because more and more senior craftsmen are passing away, the production factory is struggling 39 (survive) and this outstanding tech nique is on the edge of disappearing. So it is urgent to integrate modern design concepts into the 40 (create) of jingtailan to ensure this traditional art shines in the new era.
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
Li Ziqi, one of China’s most popular influences, stopped publishing new content after an 18- minute video in 2021. She made a surprising comeback on Tuesday after she stopped posting new videos for more than three years, 41 (capture) widespread attention from home and abroad.
On 12 November, Li ended her 42 (mystery) absence by posting three new videos unexpectedly. The first video 43 (gain) over 100 million views on Weibo within five hours of its release. Li’s popularity originated from her description of rural life, resonating (产生共鸣) with teenagers, 44 Are increasingly separated with urban life, and her dedication to preserving traditional Chinese culture. Li’s return has been met with enthusiasm by fans who admire her courage to take 45 Break from her peak popularity. She has remained 46 (extreme) silent about her life during her absence. Meanwhile, she 47 (express) her desire to share more about her experiences and mind set over the past few years.
Li appears to have been planning her comeback for some time, 48 Her first video documenting a month-long effort to build a wardrobe (衣柜). Li has announced her intention 49 (continue) promoting traditional Chinese culture through a series of videos developed by various artists. She reflects on her time away from the spot light, stating that being forgotten allowed her to focus on her 50 (passion) without distractions.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)重难语法06 词形词性转化
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 2
考点01 定语从句 3
考点02 名词性从句 5
考点03 状语从句 9
考点04 特殊句式 10
高考练场 15
词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时，一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表语、定语，副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；二要根据标志词及语境确定比较级；三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。
如何判断是否考查词形转换
解题攻略 例
第一步：确定是否考查词形转换： 提示词为动词， 如果既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。 第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词： 根据句式结构以及空格所缺成分进一步分析，如果作动词或介词的宾语、作主语， 动词常转换为名词； 如果作表语或者定语，动词常转换为形容词。 It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ________ (develop) of the local areas. 分析：第一步：确定是否考查词性转换 提示词为动词，句子有谓语动词allows及并列谓语provides可知，空格处既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。 第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词 根据分析句子成分，空格在冠词the之后， 应填名词。
1.动词转换为形容词：
①-able结尾的形容词
accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
admire→admirable 可钦佩的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
afford→affordable 负担的起的
②v.＋ed/ing 转换为形容词
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
worry→worried 担心的
excite→exciting 令人激动的；令人兴奋的
③v.＋词缀ive转化为形容词
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
④v.＋词缀-ful/less转换为形容词
cheer→cheerful 兴高采烈的
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
thank→thankful 感激的
2．动词转换为名词
①v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration n．庆祝
compete→competition n．比赛
pollute→pollution n．污染
educate→ education n．教育
②v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”
achieve→achievement n．成就
announce→announcement n．宣布
argue→argument n．争论， 论据
develop→development n．发展
③v.＋-er/-or 转换为名词， 表示“人”
perform→performer n．表演者
settle→settler n．移民者
educate→educator n．教育家
direct→director n．导演
3.名词的单复数：
若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数。若有以下情况考虑名词复数：
①有数词或these, those, several, many, all, both, various, numerous等词修饰时用名词复数形式。
②名词前有one of时用名词复数形式。
③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应填名词复数形式。
4.名词转换成形容词
提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。
注意名词变形容词的后缀
①n.＋-able→adj. honor→honorable
②n.＋-al→adj. nature→natural
③n.＋-ful→adj. colour→colourful
④n.＋-en→adj. wood→wooden
⑤n.＋-y→adj. wealth→wealthy
5.名词转换成动词
提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前缀/后缀
①加前缀en-： courage→encourage vt.鼓励
danger → endanger vt. 危及；使遭到危险
②加后缀-en: strength→strengthen vt.加强
③加后缀-ize: apology →apologize v．道歉
6.填名词的所有格
提示词与其后的名词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的所有格。
①单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加-'s。
②以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，形式为-s'或-es'。
7.形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词
根据句意和前后逻辑关系， 确定句意表否定时，添加否定前缀(un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后缀(-less)变为反义词。
8.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级
(1)利用标志词确定比较等级
①题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时用比较级。
②设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时用最高级。
③设空前有one of the，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。
(2)利用固定句型
“the＋比较级 ...the＋比较级 ...”表示“越……就越……”。
(3)利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较级或最高级，也需要用比较级或最高级。
单句语法填空
1．The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without (recognise). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】recognition
【详解】考查名词。句意：这位电影明星戴着太阳镜。因此，他可以去购物而不被认出来。空处应填名词作介词without的宾语，recognition为不可数名词，故填recognition。
2．The (determine) look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】determined
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他脸上坚定的表情表明他对自己有足够的信心。此处修饰人的表情，应用-ed结尾形容词，描述人的感情和状态，determined look表示“坚定的表情”。故填determined。
3．There are so many people with guns these days; it’s really . (fright)
【答案】frightening
【详解】考查形容词。句意：现在有那么多人携带枪支；这真的很可怕。此处缺少形容词作表语，修饰物用ing结尾的形容词，故填frightening。
4．You can depend on him to come on time--- he is very . (rely)
【答案】reliable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：你可以相信他会准时来——他很可靠。此处缺少形容词作表语，reliable表示“可靠的”，故填reliable。
5．Dealing with such a tough situation taught me that one (fail) could only make me stronger. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】failure
【详解】考查名词。句意：面对如此艰难的处境让我明白，一次失败只会让我变得更强大。分析句子可知，此空应填可数名词单数作主语，failure，表“失败”，为可数名词。故填failure。
6．Hosting the Winter Olympic Games can ( strength) the friendship among people from different countries. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】strengthen
【详解】考查动词。句意：举办冬奥会可以加强各国人民之间的友谊。分析句子可知，此空应填动词作谓语，strengthen，表“加强”，为动词，在本句中作谓语，且情态动词后应用动词原形。故填strengthen。
7．Most shoemakers now produce (fashion) shoes in order to compete in the market. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】fashionable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：大多数鞋匠现在生产时尚的鞋子，以便在市场上竞争。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，fashionable，表“流行的，时髦的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填fashionable。
8．This makes commercial space travel an awkward issue not just (domestic), but abroad. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】domestically
【详解】考查副词。句意：这使得商业太空旅行不仅在国内，而且在国外都是一个棘手的问题。分析句子可知，此空应填副词domestically作状语，修饰句子。故填domestically。
9．An organization doesn't grow if you don’t have a (vision) leader to take you into the future. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】visionary
【详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你没有一个有远见的领导者带领你走向未来，一个组织就不会成长。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词，visionary，表“有远见的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填visionary。
10． (visible) was down to about 100 meters in the fog. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Visibility
【详解】考查名词。句意：大雾中能见度降至约100米。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作主语，visibility，表“能见度”，为不可数名词，符合句意，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Visibility。
11．Every morning he tried to do exercises to (strong) his leg muscles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】strengthen
【详解】考查动词。句意：每天早上他都试着做运动来增强腿部肌肉。此处是不定式作目的状语，不定式符号to后应接动词原形，所给词strong是形容词，其动词形式是strengthen，意为“增强；加强”，符合语境，故填strengthen。
12．A (determine) person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】determined
【详解】考查形容词。句意：一个有决心的人总是努力完成工作，不管它有多难。名词 person前用形容词修饰。修饰人，一般用-ed形式形容词。形容词determined，表示“坚定的；坚决的”之意，符合句意。故填determined。
13．I’m looking forward to visiting some tourist (attract) when I have extra money. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】attractions
【详解】考查名词。句意：当我有闲钱的时候，我期待着去参观一些旅游景点。作宾语，应用名词attraction，结合some可知为复数。故填attractions。
14．Children who never gained their parents’ (approve) tend to suffer from a lack of confidence. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】approval
【详解】考查名词。句意：从未得到父母认可的孩子往往缺乏自信。提示词作宾语，用名词approval，意为“认可”，不可数名词。故填approval。
15．While staying in Beijing, he made the (good) of his spare time to know more of Chinese literature. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】best
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在北京期间，他充分利用业余时间，更多地了解中国文学。此空位于the之后，提示词为形容词good，所以此处为最高级形式，固定短语make the best of意为“充分利用”符合句意。故填best。
16．In natural outdoor lighting, it can (automatic) complete visual identification and fueling without manual intervention. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】automatically
【详解】考查副词。句意：在自然户外照明下，它可以自动完成视觉识别和加油，无需人工干预。提示词修饰动词complete，用副词automatically作状语，意为“自动地”，符合题意。故填automatically。
17．Jack speak English very (fluent) as if he were an Englishman. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】fluently
【详解】考查副词。句意：杰克英语说得很流利，好像他是英国人似的。空处修饰动词speak，需用副词fluently，作状语。故填fluently。
18．As a native of Fengcheng, I have a great (prefer) for hot pepper. The hotter, the better. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】preference
【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一个凤城人，我非常喜欢辣椒。越辣越好。空处需要名词作宾语，prefer的名词形式为preference“偏爱”。have a preference for意为“偏爱……”。故填preference。
19．It is said that Newton’s strong (curious) about a fallen apple on his head led to the discovery of the law of gravity. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】curiosity
【详解】考查名词。句意：据说牛顿对落到头上的苹果的强烈好奇心导致了万有引力定律的发现。根据空句意和提示词可知，此处应填名词curiosity，意为“好奇心”，作that引导的主语从句的主语。故填curiosity。
20．Evidence points to hunting by humans and habitat (destroy) as the likely causes for the current mass extinction. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】destruction
【详解】考查名词。句意：有证据表明，人类的狩猎和栖息地的破坏是当前大规模灭绝的可能原因。设空处与hunting并列作介词to的宾语，应用名词形式，故填destruction。
21．People under the age of 40 constitute the (major) of the labour force. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】majority
【详解】考查名词。句意：40岁以下的人构成了劳动力的主体。设空处应填名词形式，构成固定短语the majority of意为“……的大部分”。故填majority。
22．His (determine) looks suggested that he wouldn’t change his mind. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】determined
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他坚定的表情告诉我们他是不会改变主意的。作定语，修饰后面的名词look，应用形容词determined，表示“坚定的”。故填determined。
23．Thanks to recent research, (effect) treatments are available. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】effective
【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于最近的研究，有效的治疗方法是可用的。修饰名词treatments应用形容词effective作定语。故填effective。
24．She got a headache if she had to read for any (long) of time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】length
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果她需要长时间阅读，她就会头痛。此处为名词作宾语，long的名词为length意为“（持续）时间的长短”，且为不可数名词。故填length。
25．The little boy gave his all in the game, playing without (hesitate) even when he was injured. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】hesitation
【详解】考查名词。句意：小男孩在比赛中全力以赴，即使受伤也毫不犹豫地打球。分析句子可知，“without”为介词，空格处应用名词，作宾语，“hesitate”意为“犹豫的”，形容词词性，对应的名词为“hesitation”，意为“犹豫”，为不可数名词。故填hesitation。
26．It is (convenient) to have a meeting during lunchtime when everyone is busy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】inconvenient
【详解】考查形容词。句意：午餐时间大家都很忙，开会很不方便。分析句子可知，“is”后应用形容词，作表语，午餐时间大家都很忙，所以开会很不方便，空格处应用“convenient”的反义词“inconvenient”，意为“不方便的”，形容词词性。故填inconvenient。
27．Though the government has taken many measures, the train service is still (frequent) delayed due to bad weather. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】frequently
【详解】考查副词。句意：尽管政府采取了许多措施，但由于天气恶劣，列车服务仍经常延误。修饰动词delayed应用副词frequently“经常”，作状语。故填frequently。
28．People often have different opinions on some hot issues, so it is impossible to make (assume) about people's reactions. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】assumptions
【详解】考查名词。句意：人们常常对一些热点问题有不同意见，因此不可能对人们的反应做出假设。设空处应填名词作宾语，assume的名词是assumption，因此处为泛指，使用复数形式。故填assumptions。
29．Violin is a (string) instrument which produces a particularly beautiful and vibrant (充满活力的) tone. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】stringed
【详解】考查形容词。句意：小提琴是一种弦乐器，它能发出特别优美而充满活力的音调。空处作修饰instrument的定语，string的形容词形式stringed符合题意，意为“有弦的”，stringed instrument意为“弦乐器”。故填stringed。
30．A (conduct) is someone who stands in front of a group of musicians or singers and directs their playing or singing. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】conductor
【详解】考查名词。句意：指挥是站在一群音乐家或歌手面前指挥他们演奏或演唱的人。根据句意和空格前的不定冠词a可知，空格处应该用单数名词conductor作主语。故填conductor。
31．Listening to more music can (able) people to improve their aesthetic (审美的) ability. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】enable
【详解】考查动词。句意：多听音乐可以提高人们的审美能力。空格处是谓语动词，根据句意和空格前的can可知，空格处应该用动词原形enable作谓语。故填enable。
32．I was so impressed by the band’s (perform) that I want to listen to it again. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】performance
【详解】考查名词。句意：乐队的表演给我留下了深刻的印象，我想再听一遍。空处作by的宾语，结合“listen to it”可知，perform的名词形式performance符合题意，意为“表演”，句中表示乐队的一场具体表演，用单数形式。故填performance。
33．At around 11 a. m, the tomato trucks make their (enter) and stop in the town centre. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】entrance
【详解】考查名词。句意：大约上午11点，运西红柿的卡车进入镇中心。根据空格前的形容词性物主代词their可知，此处应用名词形式，make one's entrance是固定搭配，意为“走进来、进入”，故填entrance.
34．The third quality of literature, coming out of the other two, is its (permanent). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】permanence
【详解】考查名词。句意：文学的第三个特点是它的持久性，它来自于前两个特点。作表语，结合形容词性物主代词its可知应用名词permanence，不可数。故填permanence。
35．Realizing small goals will also give you (encourage) to achieve your long-term goal. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】encouragement
【详解】考查名词。句意：实现小目标也会鼓励你实现长期目标。空处作宾语，应填名词encouragement“鼓励”，用作不可数名词，故填encouragement。
36．Of （equality）importance are good habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】equal
【详解】考查形容词。句意：同样重要的是良好的习惯、有用的技能和积极的态度。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词importance，equality的形容词形式为equal. 故填equal.
37．Some people looking difficult to get along with are (actual) friendly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】actually
【详解】考查副词。句意：有些看起来很难相处的人实际上很友好。空处作状语修饰形容词friendly，应填副词形式actually“实际上”，故填actually。
38．The girl was (frighten) when a dog was running after her on her way home. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】frightened
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在回家的路上，那条狗追着女孩，把她吓坏了。空处应填形容词作表语，表示人的感受，应用-ed结尾的形容词frightened，表示“感到害怕的”。故填frightened。
39．Compared with other countries, the (unique) of traditional Chinese culture lies in its long historical background. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】uniqueness
【详解】考查名词。句意：与其他国家相比，中国传统文化的独特性在于其悠久的历史背景。作主语，用名词uniqueness，不可数。故填uniqueness。
40．You’d better make a detailed (arrange) in advance before you travel abroad. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】arrangement
【详解】考查名词。句意：在你出国旅行之前，你最好提前做一个详细的安排。分析句子可知，设空处应用名词作宾语，arrange的名词形式是arrangement，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填arrangement。
41．After graduating from college, he found a job and ended his (depend) on his parents. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】dependence
【详解】考查名词。句意：大学毕业后，他找到了一份工作，不再依赖父母。此处缺少名词作动词ended的宾语，depend的名词是dependence，是不可数名词，意为“依赖”。故填dependence。
42．To her great (disappoint), it rained on the day of the picnic. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】disappointment
【详解】考查名词。句意：令她非常失望的是，野餐那天下雨了。本空作介词To的宾语，应用名词disappointment“失望”。故填disappointment。
43． (employ) provides not just a livelihood, but also a sense of purpose and fulfillment in life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Employment
【详解】考查名词。句意：工作不仅提供了生计，还提供了人生的使命感和成就感。空处应填名词作主语，employment“就业，工作”，抽象名词不可数，首字母应大写，故填Employment。
44．Do you mean you were in complete (ignore) of the fact (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】ignorance
【详解】考查名词。句意：你是说你完全不知道这件事吗？空处作in的宾语，被complete修饰，应用ignore的名词形式ignorance，意为“无知”，是不可数名词，短语in ignorance of意为“不知道，不了解”。故填ignorance。
45．As for your parents, you should make an (apologise) to them. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】apology
【详解】考查名词。句意：至于你的父母，你应该向他们道歉。空处作make的宾语，应用apologise的名词形式apology，意为“道歉”，且空前有不定冠词an，apology应用单数形式，短语make an apology to sb.意为“向某人道歉”。故填apology。
46．No one will put a figure on the final cost of this (reconstruct). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】reconstruction
【详解】考查名词。句意：没有人会给出这次重建的最终费用。介词of后接名词作宾语。reconstruct的名词形式为reconstruction，表示“重建”之意。故填reconstruction。
47．This new suggestion is a distinct improvement from the one I (original) made. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】originally
【详解】考查副词。句意：这个新建议比我最初提出的有了明显改进。此处为副词修饰动词made，original的副词为originally表示“最初地”符合句意。故填originally。
48．Luckily he was just (slight) injured in the traffic accident. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】slightly
【详解】考查副词。句意：幸运的是，他在交通事故中只是受了轻伤。分析句子可知，设空处修饰形容词injured，应用副词作状语，slight“轻微的”是形容词，其副词形式是slightly。故填slightly。
49．Comparing the two photographs, I could hardly tell the (differ) between the twins. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】difference
【详解】考查名词。句意：比较这两张照片，我几乎分辨不出这对双胞胎之间的差别。此处为名词作宾语，differ的名词difference，意为“差异”，tell the difference between...“分辨出……之间的差别”。故填difference。
50．The problem with computer games is that they are (addict). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】addictive
【详解】考查形容词。句意：电脑游戏的问题是它们容易上瘾。空处作表语，描述主语they的性质，addict的形容词形式addictive符合题意，意为“使人成瘾的”。故填addictive。
语篇语法填空（注意词形词性转化）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the right expectations and a little preparation, a visit to China can be an amazing experience. Knowing some Chinese is not a 1 (necessary) but it helps a lot. In large cities like Beijing and Shanghai, the relatively younger generations, 2 can speak basic English, are eager to help out. If you choose a smaller city as your destination, being able to speak basic Chinese is 3 (benefit). We foreigners would have a difficult time here if we couldn’t speak the basics of Chinese. Plus, a simple hello or thank-you in Chinese 4 (appreciate), as natives can see that we’ve made 5 effort to learn and speak their language.
There are a lot of language learning apps and computer programs 6 (choose) from. It also helps to have a Chinese translate app on your phone. We used this to communicate many times as well.
We 7 (figure) out many travel tips for ourselves while traveling. During our travel, we avoided traveling in a large group of people, 8 (prefer) to find our own way. Though we got lost sometimes, independent travel is still the best way to be absorbed 9 the culture. By traveling on our own we can interact with the local people 10 (natural), rather than traveling within the safety of a large travel group with a guide.
【答案】
1．necessity 2．who 3．beneficial 4．is appreciated 5．an 6．to choose 7．figured 8．preferring 9．in 10．naturally
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述在中国旅游的时候如何拥有一段美好的体验，提到的方式包括学一点汉语，以及在旅游的时候避开人群，独自去感受中国文化。
1．考查名词。句意：懂一些中文不是必须的，但它会有很大帮助。本空填提示形容词的名词 necessity作表语，表示“必须做的事，必需品”。根据不定冠词a可知，用名词的单数形式。故填necessity。
2．考查定语从句。句意：在北京和上海这样的大城市，相对年轻的一代会说基本的英语，他们渴望帮助别人。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前的the relatively younger generations，在定语从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3．考查形容词。句意：如果你选择一个较小的城市作为你的目的地，会说基本的中文是有益的。根据空前的is可知，此处应用形容词beneficial“有益的”，作表语。故填beneficial。
4．考查时态和语态。句意：另外，用中文说一句简单的“你好”或“谢谢”也是很受欢迎的，因为当地人可以看出我们努力学习和说他们的语言。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语a simple hello or thank-you in Chinese与appreciate之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语为单数，be动词需用is。故填is appreciated。
5．考查冠词。句意：另外，用中文说一句简单的“你好”或“谢谢”也是很受欢迎的，因为当地人可以看出我们努力学习和说他们的语言。这里用 make an effort to do sth. 表示“努力做……”。 故填an。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：有很多语言学习应用程序和计算机程序可供选择。这里用不定式作定语修饰前面的名词language learning apps and computer programs。故填to choose。
7．考查时态。句意：我们在旅行中为自己想出了许多旅行技巧。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填figured。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：在我们的旅行中，我们避免与一大群人一起旅行，更喜欢找到自己的路。句中已有谓语动词avoided，所以这里用非谓语动词，prefer与逻辑主语we为主谓关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语表示主动含义。故填preferring。
9．考查介词。句意：虽然我们有时会迷路，但独立旅行仍然是融入当地文化的最好方式。be absorbed in“专心致志于，沉浸于”，为固定搭配。故填in。
10．考查副词。句意：通过独自旅行，我们可以自然地与当地人交流，而不是在导游的带领下，在一个大型旅游团队的安全范围内旅行。这里用提示形容词的副词naturally“自然地”作状语，修饰动词interact。故填naturally。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A new study by researchers from the University of Toronto, Hangzhou Normal University and Harvard University has found that 11 (simple) expressing trust in young children can promote their honesty.
Conducted through 12 series of field experiments with 328 kindergarteners, the international study was intended to know whether children were less likely to cheat in a simple test of counting accuracy if the adult 13 (direct) the test had previously conveyed her trust in them. The results showed that when adults trusted children to help with small tasks, such as holding their house keys, and 14 (express) that they would trust them in the future, the children were significantly less likely to cheat on a subsequent test compared to children 15 weren’t given such trust messages.
“We were astonished by how powerful an effect a simple expression of trust had 16 children’s subsequent honesty was,” said Professor Li Zhao of Hangzhou Normal University. “It seems that even at a young age,children understand the value of trust and are willing to behave more honestly in response to feeling 17 (trust).”
Not only do the findings have important theoretical implications, but they also offer 18 (practice) guidance to help parents and educators in developing moral character from an early age. “ 19 (we) results point to the promise of using trust rather than threats or punishment 20 (develop) good qualities in children,” said Dr. Zhao.
【答案】
11．simply 12．a 13．directing 14．expressed 15．who/that 16．on/upon 17．trusted 18．practical 19．Our 20．to develop
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新研究发现，简单地表达对幼儿的信任可以促进他们的诚实。
11．考查副词。句意：多伦多大学、杭州师范大学和哈佛大学的研究人员进行的一项新研究发现，简单地表达对幼儿的信任可以促进他们的诚实。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词simply“简单地”作状语修饰动词expressing。故填simply。
12．考查冠词。句意：通过对328名幼儿园儿童进行的一系列实地实验，这项国际研究旨在了解，如果指导测试的成年人事先表达了对孩子们的信任，孩子们是否更不可能在一个简单的计数准确性测试中作弊。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语a series of“一系列的”，所以此处为冠词a的填入。故填a。
13．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过对328名幼儿园儿童进行的一系列实地实验，这项国际研究旨在了解，如果指导测试的成年人事先表达了对孩子们的信任，孩子们是否更不可能在一个简单的计数准确性测试中作弊。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰the adult，the adult和direct为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填directing。
14．考查动词时态。句意：结果显示，当成年人信任孩子帮助完成一些小任务，比如拿房子钥匙，并表示将来会信任他们时，与没有得到这种信任信息的孩子相比，孩子在随后的测试中作弊的可能性要低得多。所填词与该句中的trusted为并列关系，故用所给动词的过去式 expressed。故填expressed。
15．考查定语从句。句意：结果显示，当成年人信任孩子帮助完成一些小任务，比如拿房子钥匙，并表示将来会信任他们时，与没有得到这种信任信息的孩子相比，孩子在随后的测试中作弊的可能性要低得多。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词children在从句中作主语成分，所以为关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。
16．考查介词。句意：杭州师范大学的李钊教授说：“我们惊讶地发现，一个简单的信任表达对孩子们随后的诚实有多么强大的影响。”“have an effect on/ upon...”意为“对……有影响”，为固定搭配。故填on/ upon。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：似乎即使在很小的时候，孩子们也明白信任的价值，并且愿意表现得更诚实，以回应被信任的感觉。根据句意以及空前feel为系动词，此处表示“被信任”，应用过去分词化的形容词trusted作表语。故填trusted。
18．考查形容词。句意：这些发现不仅具有重要的理论意义，而且还为帮助父母和教育者从小培养道德品质提供了实践指导。由空后guidance为名词可知，此处为形容词practical“实践的”作定语修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填practical。
19．考查代词。句意：我们的研究结果表明，用信任而不是威胁或惩罚来培养孩子的良好品质是有希望的。由空后results为名词可知，此处为形容词性物主代词作定语修饰该名词。故填Our。
20．考查动词不定式。句意：我们的研究结果表明，用信任而不是威胁或惩罚来培养孩子的良好品质是有希望的。“use sth. to do sth.”为固定用法，意为“用某物做某事”，所以用动词不定式to develop。故填to develop。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese tea art was born in the Han Dynasty, 21 (mature) in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Chinese tea art made 22 (it) a cultural and spiritual icon, symbolizing a noble character.
Early records of tea sets are scarce before the Tang Dynasty. However, Lu Yu’s work, Cha Jing, promoted a flourishing of tea culture, 23 (detail) 28 distinct tea sets within a single chapter.
The tea sets in the Song Dynasty are more gorgeous and magnificent. Tea bottle replaced water boiler, and “cha xian”, functioning 24 a spoon to blend tea, was added in tea sets. A 25 (compete) game based on tea drinking acquired 26 great reputation during this time. The tea bottle used has a big belly, long neck, and parabolic mouth for precise pouring.
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea sets shifted back to simpler terracotta and porcelain, yet they were more sophisticated than Tang Dynasty 27 (version). White colored tea sets, 28 colour was beautifully set off by the green color of the loose tea, became more favorable. Purple clay pottery from Yixing, Jiangsu province, thrived in the Qing Dynasty. 29 (remarkable), tea in purple clay tea sets still tastes good after 30 (keep) for one night even in hot summer.
【答案】
21．matured 22．itself 23．detailing 24．as 25．competitive 26．a 27．versions 28．whose 29．Remarkably 30．being kept
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国茶艺历经汉、宋、明清不同发展阶段，各时期茶具特点有别。
21．考查动词时态。句意：中国茶艺诞生于汉朝，在宋朝成熟，在明清时期繁荣。空处和was born及flourished并列，作句子的谓语，时态应用一般过去时。故填matured。
22．考查代词。句意：中国茶艺成为一种文化和精神象征，代表着高尚的品格。此处made这一动作的实施者和承受者相同，空处应用it的反身代词形式itself，意为“它自己”。故填itself。
23．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，陆羽的著作《茶经》推动了茶文化的繁荣，在其中的一个章节中详细描述了28种不同的茶具。句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语，detail“详细说明，详述”和Lu Yu’s work逻辑上是主动关系，因此用detail的现在分词形式，作状语。故填detailing。
24．考查介词。句意：茶瓶取代了水壶，充当勺子的“茶筅”也被添加到茶具中，用于搅拌茶。function as是固定短语，意为“起……的作用”。故填as。
25．考查形容词。句意：当时还流行一种基于饮茶的竞技游戏。空处作修饰game的定语，compete的形容词形式competitive符合题意，意为“竞争的”。故填competitive。
26．考查冠词。句意：当时还流行一种基于饮茶的竞技游戏。acquire a great reputation是固定表达，意为“享有良好的声誉”。故填a。
27．考查名词的数。句意：在明清时期，茶具又回归到更简单的陶土和瓷器，但比唐朝的版本更加精致。此处是将明清时期的茶具和唐朝的版本对比，空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词version“版本”应用复数形式，表示泛指唐朝的各种茶具版本。故填versions。
28．考查定语从句。句意：白色茶具因其颜色与散茶的绿色相得益彰而更受欢迎。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词White colored tea sets作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作定语，和colour之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。故填whose。
29．考查副词。句意：令人称奇的是，即使在炎热的夏天，用紫砂茶具泡的茶隔夜后仍味道不错。空处修饰整个句子，remarkable的副词形式remarkably符合题意，意为“不寻常地，惊人地”，句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Remarkably。
30．考查非谓语动词。句意：令人称奇的是，即使在炎热的夏天，用紫砂茶具泡的茶隔夜后仍味道不错。空处作after的宾语，且keep“保存”和tea逻辑上是被动关系，因此用keep的动名词被动语态。故填being kept。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jingtailan, also known as Cloisonne, is 31 unique combination of sculpture, painting, porcelain making and copper-smithing. 32 (introduce) to China from Arabian countries via the ancient Silk Road, Cloisonne first 33 (appear) in China in the Yuan Dynasty and developed during the Ming Dynasty, during 34 time the predominant use of blue enamel glaze (珐琅釉) inspired its name, jingtailan.
Making Cloisonne requires rather complicated processes and each cloisonne piece 35 (fire) three times with a fresh coat of enamel each time. After firing, the pieces are polished to look like gold.
Cloisonne can be found on large objects such as vases and other large decorative items, as well as small items like earrings. All the products are beautiful and 36 (elegance) in molding, brilliant in colors and splendid and graceful in design. Jingtailan art pieces are often used 37 national gifts on important occasions, 38 (show) rich cultural heritage.
Nowadays, because more and more senior craftsmen are passing away, the production factory is struggling 39 (survive) and this outstanding tech nique is on the edge of disappearing. So it is urgent to integrate modern design concepts into the 40 (create) of jingtailan to ensure this traditional art shines in the new era.
【答案】
31．a 32．Introduced 33．appeared 34．which 35．is fired 36．elegant 37．as 38．showing 39．to survive 40．creation
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了景泰蓝的历史、制作工艺、用途以及当前面临的困境，并提出将现代设计理念融入景泰蓝创作的紧迫性。
31．考查冠词。句意：景泰蓝，又称“Cloisonne”，是雕塑、绘画、制瓷和铜器制作的独特结合。“a/an...combination of...”是固定搭配，意为“……的结合”，空格后单词unique发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
32．考查非谓语动词。句意：景泰蓝经由古代丝绸之路从阿拉伯国家传入中国，首次出现在中国是在元朝，在明朝得到发展。“(introduce) to China from Arabian countries via the ancient Silk Road”作状语，introduce(引入)与其逻辑主语Cloisonne之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Introduced。
33．考查时态。句意：景泰蓝经由古代丝绸之路从阿拉伯国家传入中国，首次出现在中国是在元朝，在明朝得到发展。appear(出现)是谓语动词，与主语Cloisonne之间是主动关系，结合时间状语“in the Yuan Dynasty”可知，描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时态。故填appeared。
34．考查定语从句。句意：景泰蓝经由古代丝绸之路从阿拉伯国家传入中国，首次出现在中国是在元朝，在明朝得到发展，在那个时期，蓝色珐琅釉的大量使用启发了它的名字“景泰蓝”。“during ____4____ time the predominant use of blue enamel glaze inspired its name, jingtailan.”为非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the Ming Dynasty，位于介词during后，用关系词which；during which time“在那个时期”。故填which。
35．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：制作景泰蓝需要相当复杂的过程，每一件景泰蓝制品都要烧制三次，每次都要涂一层新的珐琅。fire(烧制)是分句谓语动词，与主语each cloisonne piece之间是被动关系，描述的是景泰蓝烧制过程，这是经常发生、反复进行的动作，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is fired。
36．考查形容词。句意：所有产品造型优美、典雅，色彩鲜艳，设计华丽大方。提示词与形容词beautiful是并列关系，应用形容词elegant描述主语All the products的特征，作表语，意为“优雅的，典雅的”。故填elegant。
37．考查介词。句意：景泰蓝艺术品常被用作重要场合的国家礼物，展示丰富的文化遗产。“be used as...”是固定短语，意为“被用作……”。故填as。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：景泰蓝艺术品常被用作重要场合的国家礼物，展示丰富的文化遗产。“(show) rich cultural heritage”作伴随状语，show(展示)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Jingtailan art pieces之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填showing。
39．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，由于越来越多的资深工匠去世，生产厂家正努力求生，这一杰出技艺正处于消失的边缘。struggle to do sth.是固定短语，意为“努力做某事”，用不定式to survive作宾语。故填to survive。
40．考查名词。句意：因此，迫切需要将现代设计理念融入景泰蓝的创作中，以确保这一传统艺术在新时代焕发光彩。提示词在句中作介词宾语，用名词creation，意为“创作，创造”，不可数名词。故填creation。
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
Li Ziqi, one of China’s most popular influences, stopped publishing new content after an 18- minute video in 2021. She made a surprising comeback on Tuesday after she stopped posting new videos for more than three years, 41 (capture) widespread attention from home and abroad.
On 12 November, Li ended her 42 (mystery) absence by posting three new videos unexpectedly. The first video 43 (gain) over 100 million views on Weibo within five hours of its release. Li’s popularity originated from her description of rural life, resonating (产生共鸣) with teenagers, 44 Are increasingly separated with urban life, and her dedication to preserving traditional Chinese culture. Li’s return has been met with enthusiasm by fans who admire her courage to take 45 Break from her peak popularity. She has remained 46 (extreme) silent about her life during her absence. Meanwhile, she 47 (express) her desire to share more about her experiences and mind set over the past few years.
Li appears to have been planning her comeback for some time, 48 Her first video documenting a month-long effort to build a wardrobe (衣柜). Li has announced her intention 49 (continue) promoting traditional Chinese culture through a series of videos developed by various artists. She reflects on her time away from the spot light, stating that being forgotten allowed her to focus on her 50 (passion) without distractions.
【答案】
41．capturing 42．mysterious 43．gained 44．who 45．a 46．extremely 47．has expressed 48．with 49．to continue 50．passions
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国知名网红李子柒在停止发布新视频三年多后突然回归的消息，介绍了她回归后发布的视频受到的关注和反响，以及她回归的原因和对未来计划的展望。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：在停更新视频三年多后，她于周二惊喜回归，引发了国内外的广泛关注。空处为非谓语动词担当结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词形式。故填capturing。
42．考查形容词。句意：11月12日，李子柒出人意料地发布了三条新视频，结束了她的神秘隐退。空处为形容词形式修饰名词“absence”，表示“神秘的”。故填mysterious。
43．考查谓语动词。句意：第一条视频发布后五小时内，在微博上的浏览量就超过了1亿。空处为本句谓语动词；根据时间状语“within five hours of its release”可知，本句为一般过去时；主语为“the first video”，单数，和动词“gain”之间为主动关系。故填gained。
44．考查定语从句。句意：李子柒的走红源于她对乡村生活的描绘，这与日益远离乡村、生活在城市的年轻人产生了共鸣，同时也源于她对传承中国传统文化的执着。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为“teenagers”，关系词在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词who引导。故填who。
45．考查冠词。句意：李子柒的回归受到了粉丝们的热烈欢迎，粉丝们钦佩她在人气鼎盛时选择暂退的勇气。修饰名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词a。故填a。
46．考查副词。句意：在暂别期间，她对自己的生活一直守口如瓶。修饰形容词“silent”用副词形式。故填extremely。
47．考查谓语动词。句意：与此同时，她表示希望分享过去几年的经历和心境。空处为本句谓语动词；根据时间状语“over the past few years”可知，本句为现在完成时；主语为“she”，单数，和动词“express”之间为主动关系。故填has expressed。
48．考查介词。句意：李子柒似乎为这次回归筹备了一段时间，她的第一条视频记录了她花一个月打造一个衣柜的过程。空处为介词形式引导独立主格，用介词“with”引导。故填with。
49．考查非谓语动词。句意：她宣布计划通过与多位艺术家合作制作的一系列视频，继续推广中国传统文化。空处为非谓语动词担当名词“intention”的后置定语，用动词不定式形式。故填to continue。
50．考查名词。句意：她回顾了远离聚光灯的时光，称被遗忘让她能够心无旁骛地专注于自己热爱的事物。空处为名词形式担当宾语，根据句意可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填passions。
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