重难语法05 三大从句及特殊句式
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 2
考点01 定语从句 3
考点02 名词性从句 5
考点03 状语从句 9
考点04 特殊句式 10
高考练场 15
高考英语语法填空对三大从句及特殊句式的考查主要集中在以下方面：
三大从句
1. 名词性从句
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句：主要考查连接词的使用，如that、whether/if、what、which、who、when、where、why等。
易错点：注意that在名词性从句中不作成分，仅起连接作用；what与that的区别（what作成分，that不作成分）。
2. 定语从句
关系代词和关系副词：考查who、whom、whose、which、that、as等关系词的用法，以及when、where、why等关系副词。
非限制性定语从句：常由which引导，对整个句子进行补充说明。
易错点：注意关系代词的指代对象（指人或指物），以及关系副词的使用场景。
3. 状语从句
时间、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、地点、方式等状语从句：考查连词的使用，如when、while、since、because、so that、in order that、although、even if等。
易错点：注意连词的选择，尤其是so that（表示目的或结果）和because（表示原因）的区别。
特殊句式
1. 倒装句
全部倒装：如“here/there + 不及物动词 + 主语”结构。
部分倒装：如only修饰状语置于句首时，句子需部分倒装。
易错点：注意only修饰主语时不倒装。
2. 省略句
省略主语或谓语：常出现在状语从句中，如when、while引导的从句中省略主语和be动词。
易错点：注意省略后的句子结构仍需保持逻辑完整。
3. 强调句
强调句型：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分。
易错点：注意强调句型与主语从句的区别。
4. 感叹句
结构：What + a/an + adj + 单数可数名词；What + adj + 复数/不可数名词；How + adj/adv + 主语 + 谓语。
易错点：注意区分感叹句与宾语从句的引导词。
5. 反意疑问句
结构：陈述句 + 简短问句。
易错点：注意前肯后否、前否后肯的规则。
备考建议
掌握从句的连接词和基本结构，注意关系代词和关系副词的区别。
熟悉特殊句式的结构和用法，尤其是倒装句、省略句和强调句。
多做练习，通过语境理解从句和特殊句式的正确使用。
总结易错点，如关系代词的指代对象、倒装句的条件等。
一、定语从句
考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时
先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的 引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况
关系代词as和which 的区别 as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等
which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
考点二：关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语
why the reason 原因状语
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday
考点三：非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去 掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。
e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。）
which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。
e. g. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages，which surprises all the people present.
(一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。）
3. 在非限制性定语从句中，还可把all, some，most, none或both加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。
e. g. He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(他深深地爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。）
考点四：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。
Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many young people，most of whom were well educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newly built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
二、名词性从句
考点一：宾语从句
1．宾语从句的引导词
连接词 that，whether，if 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分
连接代词 what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语
She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn't.
她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。
Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。
易错警示
(1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。
(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh 类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。
2．形式宾语
宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句
(2)动词hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句
(3)短语动词see to/ depend on/rely on＋it＋从句
(4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋从句
No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。
3．宾语从句的时态
一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。
考点二：表语从句
1．表语从句的引导词
连接词 that，whether 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分
连接代词 what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语
The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.
对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up.
这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。
易错警示
if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。
2．as if/as though引导表语从句
as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。
The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。
3．其他常考的表语从句
(1)This/ That/ It is why＋表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是……的原因”
(2)This/ That/ It is because＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……”
(3)The reason why...is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……”
From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water.
从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。
考点三：主语从句
1．主语从句的引导词
连接词 that，whether，if 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分
连接代词 what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语
Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.
你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会对我们有所帮助。
How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。
Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it.
李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。
The limits of a person's intelligence，generally speaking，are fixed at birth，but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。
易错警示
(1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。
(2)当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，而不用if。
2．形式主语
it作形式主语的常见句型：
(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句
(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等)＋that从句
It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.
尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。
It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。
易错警示
当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或whether引导均可，但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后接or not时，只能用whether。
考点四：同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词：advice，conclusion，doubt，fact，hope，idea，news，promise，question，suggestion，thought，truth，wish，word等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that，whether，how，where，when，why等。
The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。
易错警示
that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。
三、状语从句
考点一、时间状语从句
1．when，while和as引导的时间状语从句
when 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生
while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
as 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”
While some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.
尽管有些人被成功的渴望所激励，但也有一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。
As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.
随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。
2．表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句
(1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly
The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy.
我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。
(2)在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。
I had hardly got to the office，when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我回家。
3．before，since引导的时间状语从句
(1) before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式：It will be/was＋一段时间＋before...过了……时间才……；It won't be/wasn't＋一段时间＋before...没过多久就……。
We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.
在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。
If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.
如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。
(2)since意为“自从……以来”，常用句式：It is/ has been＋一段时间＋since从句(常用过去时)。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
As is reported，it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.
正如所报道的，清华大学自建立以来已有一百多年了。
4．till/until引导的时间状语从句
until/till用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首，而till不能。
If you don't understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out.
如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。
She didn't start the lesson until the pupils settled down.
等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。
5．every time，each time，next time，the first time，by the time等引导的时间状语从句
By the time you have finished this book，your meal will get cold.
等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。
考点二、让步状语从句
1．although，though，as和while引导的让步状语从句
(1)though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装；as引导的从句必须用倒装语序： 表语/状语/动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他，若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。
(2)though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。
(3)while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。
Although these measures are not effective forever，they are vital for now.
虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。
2．even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句
even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。
(湖南高考)Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise.
蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。
3．“疑问词＋ ever”引导的让步状语从句
wherever，(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋ ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。
However/No matter how hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。
4．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句
whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。
All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。
考点三、其他状语从句
状语从句 连词
条件状语从句 if，unless(＝if...not)，so/as long as(只要)，on condition that，in case(万一)，suppose/supposing，provided/providing
原因状语从句 because，as，since，now that，considering that (考虑到，鉴于)
目的状语从句 so that，in order that，in case (以防)
结果状语从句 so that，so...that...，such...that...
地点状语从句 where，wherever
方式状语从句 as(正如，正像)，as if/as though(好像)
比较状语从句 than，as...as...，not as/so...as...
Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句子也能改变一段文字的意思。
He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture.
他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些他能够拍成好照片的东西。
易错警示
as if/as though引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时，从句通常用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，用过去时；与过去情况相反时，用过去完成时；与将来情况相反时，用would/could/might＋动词原形。
四、特殊句式
【考点诠释】
类型 句 式 考 查 重 点
强调句 It is / was ＋被强调部分＋that / who ... 对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当强调部分是人，且作主语时，引导词也可用who。强调主语时要注意连接词与谓语的一致性。
强调句的特殊疑问句结构:疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that/who＋句子其他部分
强调谓语动词 用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。
与三大从句的区别 1.强调句去掉It is/was和that 之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能。 2.强调句中that没有意义，且不作任何成分，而定语从句中that为关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 3.强调句去掉It is/was和that后，结构仍然完整，而It is ...when ...中，it指代时间。
倒装句 部分倒装 1.表示否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/ scarcely ...when ..., no sooner ...than ..., not only ...but also ..., not ...until ..., nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。 2.“only＋状语(从句)”置于句首时，句子(主句)要用部分倒装。 3.so/such ... that ... 结构中的so, such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。 4.表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so 表示肯定意义，neither/nor 表示否定意义)。 5.在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。
完全倒装 1.here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且句子主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装语序。 2.有时为平衡句子结构或突出强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。
省略句 状语从句的省略 在时间、让步、方式、条件、地点等状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，而且状语从句的谓语中有be动词，可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。
动词不定式的省略 感官动词后的宾补，常省略to；在形容词(glad, happy, pleased, delighted, anxious等)后作状语时，to后的内容常承前省略。
常用的与if相关的省略结构 If从句中是it is结构，可以省略it is。如：if ever, if busy, if possible, if so, if not, if necessary
感叹句 what引导的感叹句 1.What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语! 2.What＋形容词＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语!
how引导的感叹句 1.How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语! 2. How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语!
单句语法填空
1．It is estimated in the UK alone, people eat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 cuisines from 60, 000 restaurants. (用适当的词填空)
2．Some parents keep complaining that they do is for their kids’ benefits, which is a little annoying. (用适当的词填空)
3．It remains unknown these social changes have resulted in diverse household patterns. (用适当的词填空)
4． the new mayor will take office hasn’t been made public yet. (用适当的词填空)
5． the two trains crashed into each other still remains unknown, but the police say that it could be due to the heavy snow. （用适当的词填空）
6．A story goes he rushed out of the room without saying a word. (用适当的词填空)
7．The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
8．We have offered him the position, but I don’t have the slightest idea he will accept it. （用适当的词填空）
9．The question occurred to me we should go to get the car repaired. We were in the middle of the forest at that time. （用适当的词填空）
10．The question should do the work is being discussed at the meeting. (用适当的词填空)
11．I have no idea the boy is doing in the next room now. (用适当的词填空)
12．Ten percent of life is what happens to you and ninety percent is you respond to it. (用适当的词填空)
13．The most obvious advantage of online learning is you can study anywhere and anytime. (用适当的词填空)
14．Jane attends Opportunities Academy, a program for young adults with disabilities. This was they learned about how to care about others. (用适当的词填空)
15．The problem is method we should adopt to solve this complex problem. (用适当的词填空)
16．She got up late this morning and that was she missed the first bus. (用适当的词填空)
17．As the city expands, dozens of modern buildings have been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago.
18．I hate it the weather becomes freezing cold because there is no heater inside. (用适当的词填空)
19．The official made it clear he would do everything possible to solve the problem. (用适当的词填空)
20．How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. (用适当的词填空)
21．It never occurred to her that she was faced with the same stage they had been faced with tackling the health crisis. (用适当的词填空)
22．His so-called adequate reason he had been ill for a week was revealed by us yesterday, made him ashamed. (用适当的词填空)
23．Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. (用适当的词填空)
24．Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything comes into sight is so new to me. (用适当的词填空)
25．This city, history can date back to 2000 years ago, has become a modern city where you can experience both the new and the old. (用适当的词填空)
26．Xi’ an is the former capital of many dynasties, accounts for its historical significance. (用适当的词填空)
27．The organization aims to help those suffer from great losses in the pandemic(疫情). (用适当的词填空)
28．In terms of environmental impact, grapes are produced in heated houses release more carbon dioxide. (用适当的词填空)
29．The palace is named after its designer is widely recognized for his innovative ideas about architecture. (用适当的词填空)
30．My grandpa, is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about the good old days. (用适当的词填空)
31．In 1961 the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. (用适当的词填空)
32．Does tourism, some people suggest, have impact on the traditional values of local population (用适当的词填空)
33．The house, roof was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. (用适当的词填空)
34．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. (用适当的词填空)
35．The scene in the Hollywood movie, global warming could turn the global climate into a new ice age, may never occur. (用适当的词填空)
36．Today’s college is appropriate as a setting for a society, its members must acquire and manage knowledge from a wide variety of sources．(用适当的词填空)
37．Teachers should create an environment children are taught how to solve problems of learning by themselves. (用适当的词填空)
38．The film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that small village. (用适当的词填空)
39．The little boy wouldn’t leave the shop he bought what he wanted. (用适当的词填空)
40．However, the most amazing thing happened. the reality of the crisis sank in, it brought out the best in us. (用适当的词填空)
41．He hurried out of the room the meeting was over.
42．Someone called me up at midnight, but they hung up I could answer the phone. （用适当的词填空）
43．What impresses me most is that he appears in front of others, he wears a sincere and charming smile.（用适当的词填空）
44．I wish my house would be built we can enjoy beautiful scenery with mountains and rivers. (用适当的词填空)
45．He thinks that students have signed up for minor subjects they have the energy and time to do so. (用适当的词填空)
46． we've set our mind on the goal, we must go through with the task.（用适当的词填空）
47．In addition, improvement of teachers' professional development cannot be over emphasized technology will never replace a knowledgeable teacher. (用适当的词填空)
48．Leave your key with a neighbor you lock yourself out one day. (用适当的词填空)
49．We’d better leave a message at the information desk somebody should come and visit us. (根据句意填空)
50．He had his camera ready he saw something that would make a good picture. （用适当的词填空）
51．Strasser said Lowell got in through the back door, which he kept open at night so that Bonnie get into the backyard. (用适当的词填空)
52．They chose to live in the suburbs they will not be disturbed by the heavy traffic and the serious air pollution. (用适当的词填空)
53．As we can see, developing a good habit is so important I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habit—keep a learning diary every day. （用适当的词填空）
54． loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him. (用适当的词填空)
55．We were in an anxious rush when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.（用适当的词填空）
56．Our math teacher set such a hard test problem none of us could work out the other day. （用适当的词填空）
57．You cannot make progress you work harder. （用适当的词填空）
58．You will certainly succeed you keep on trying. (用适当的词填空)
59．Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, they hunt them for food. （用适当的词填空）
60． the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover. (用适当的词填空)
61．Our parents will be pleased with our performance we try our best. (用适当的词填空)
62． everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. （用适当的词填空）
63．You have to let us struggle for ourselves, we must die in the process. (用适当的词填空)
64． the diet isn’t specifically designed for weight loss, many studies have demonstrated that some fish meat could lead to weight loss. (用适当的词填空)
65． wealthy he was, he never forgot his humble beginnings and was always ready to help others. (用适当的词填空)
66．But those numbers, impressive they seem, may be beside the point. (用适当的词填空)
67．Much the golden ball cactus prefers the sun, it tolerates temperatures of below zero degrees centigrade. (用适当的词填空)
68． reasons may be behind it, people’s attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years. (用适当的词填空)
69． it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. (用适当的词填空)
70．Furthermore, talented the speaker is, a talk without enough preparation is usually a failure. （用适当的词填空）
71．He told his supporters not to ease up he’s leading in the presidential race. （用适当的单词填空）
72． life gives us, just accept it happily and feel grateful from the bottom of our heart.（用适当的单词填空）
73． online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.（用单词适当形式填空）
74．The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as she were their own mother. (用适当的词填空)
75． the name suggests, study hard and you will get good results. (用适当的词填空)
76． a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. (用适当的词填空)
77．As far as we all can see, the boy walked in as he had bought the whole school. (用适当的词填空)
78．The more I know about Chinese tradition culture, the (attract) it is to me. (所给词的适当形式填空)
79．The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites, the (likely) we are to treat them with respect. (所给词的适当形式填空)
80．Nobody loves money better he does; he takes advantage of every chance to make money. (用适当的词填空)
语法填空（注意三大从句用法）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Spring Festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of the traditional New Year” was successfully included in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (ICH), marking that China’s efforts 1 (protect) intangible cultural heritage have been recognized by the world. The UNESCO made the 2 (decide) at the 19th session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the ICH on Wednesday.
China now boasts nearly 870,000 ICH items. Among them, 44 items have been added to the UNESCO ICH List, 3 (rank) first in the world. China’s ICH includes 4 wide range of practices, from Tibetan Opera to the Mazu belief system, showcasing the country’s commitment to preserving the cultural diversity 5 exists within its borders. The Spring Festival is not a unified tradition 6 a cultural phenomenon that involves various regional customs and celebrations, each contributing to the greater whole.
As the Spring Festival 7 (celebrate) globally, these related ICH forms will also reach other parts of the world. Beyond the heritage forms themselves, the deeper cultural values and meanings behind them will also become 8 (know) to people of different cultural backgrounds.
Traditional culture should be 9 (appropriate) integrated into contemporary contexts to achieve greater impact. Innovative development is the norm for cultural development nowadays. One example of the innovative 10 (aspect) of China’s ICH protection efforts is its push for digital preservation. In June 2023, China’s Ministry of Culture and Tourism approved and released the country’s first industry standards in the field of ICH, the Digital Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage — Digital Resource Collection and Cataloging series.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a twist, the long-forgotten CCD digital camera, once 11 (perceive) “electronic waste” and pushed aside by the technological tide, is making a comeback. 12 their slightly unclear images, these devices are popular, which is being fueled by the nostalgia (怀旧) trend 13 (sweep) China’s youth.
On social media platforms, the enthusiasm for sharing secondhand, 14 even multiple-hand digital cameras, is growing. Owning one makes 15 possible to shoot images with an old-fashioned hue, the texture of film, and the “cold white skin” tone.
A CCD is the light-sensitive component in a digital camera. 16 it can produce clear and bright images in well-lit conditions, it has limitations. Poor performance in low light and a small sensor size led to its gradual 17 (replace) by CMOS sensors after 2010. Yet a search for CCD cameras on platforms like Xianyu reveals that CCD has been 18 aesthetic (美学的) style as a result of online posts.
With the wide spread of smartphones, major producers 19 (discontinue) their camera lines in recent years. Some people have warned that many low-priced cameras may be secondhand with outdated technologies and ageing sensors. Others believe that CCDs are providing the young with a new way of expressing themselves. Sharing photos has 20 (complete) become a social ritual.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tianjing, or skywell, is a classic feature of Huizhou architecture. In traditional Huizhou architecture, the skywell, as 21 changing space between the interior and exterior, has positive 22 (significant) for the lighting and ventilation (通风) of the building interior. It also 23 (typical) displays Huizhou culture. Huizhou is famous for Huizhou traders, who set up skywells in their houses 24 (acquire) the feel of the “unity of heaven and man”.
On sunny days, the sun shines through the skywell to the front of the hall and the rooms, called “showering gold”. In rainy and snowy weather, rainwater flows down 25 the eaves (屋檐) and sinks into the tank below the skywell. That is named “flowing silver”, 26 means fortune will not run off outside. The process 27 (call) “four waters returning to the main hall of the houses”. In the skywell, combined with the 28 (passage) and halls, when the outdoor wind speed is high, wind-driven airflow makes up the majority of the wind 29 (enter) the room. Thus, the amount of indoor ventilation is reduced. When the outdoor wind is still, the skywell-shaped thermal pressure (热压力), which promotes ventilation, 30 (form) a complete ventilation system and plays the role of “hiding wind and gathering air”.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When it comes to deserts, a scene of sandstorms and rolling dunes will pop into our mind. But if you come to the Taklimakan Desert, you will find it is a very breathtaking place different from 31 you have imagined.
Located in Xinjiang, the Taklimakan Desert is the one 32 (cover) 337,000 square kilometers. In the past, the desert expanded outward about 150 meters annually, which seriously posed a serious threat 33 the survival of the local people.
In 1979, a groundbreaking super project began as scheduled, aiming to build large-scale protective forests to reduce disturbing sandstorms and soil erosion 34 (dramatic). The project involved over 600,000 participants from various regions, who employed a variety of approaches to combat the desert. By the end of 2023, a green barrier of about 2,761 kilometers 35 (establish) around the desert. On November 28th, 2024, a significant milestone was achieved as 36 285-kilometer gap was successfully “locked”, marking a great victory in the battle against desertification. With the effort of half a century, the project has not only locked the edges of the desert but also protected the 37 (surround) oases, safeguarding the livelihoods of local communities and supporting the region’s economic development.
Nowadays, the desert is dotted with countless oases, many of 38 have become tourist destinations. The 39 (complete) of the project is not just an environmental victory but also a symbol of perseverance and romance of the Chinese people.
In the foreseeable future, with the continuous efforts of the Chinese people, this desert will continue to shrink 40 it is completely caged by the Chinese people.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every October, it is the harvest season for pomelo, a time 41 merchants flock to Duli Town 42 (purchase) the fruit. Most of these 43 (merchant) are regular buyers. The pomelo fruits are of excellent quality, fragrant, tender, juicy, sweet and sour in a balanced way, seedless or nearly seedless, refreshing, and have a unique flavor. They are 44 (undoubted) one of Duli’s famous and precious fruits, 45 (recognize) as a geographical indication product of China.
Duli Town 46 (locate) in the semi-mountainous hilly area of the western part of Xianyou County, 47 an area of 113 square kilometers. The town has 36,000 mu of cultivated land and 100,000 mu of mountainous areas. The region has a subtropical marine monsoon climate, with 48 average annual temperature of 21°C, annual rainfall between 1600-2000mm, sufficient sunshine, abundant rainfall, and rich water resources. These conditions create a unique natural climate for the 49 (product) of high-quality fruits, especially pomelo, making it an ideal place for the development of subtropical plants. Geographically, it is close to the Daiyun Mountain range and is nestled in a basin surrounded by mountains on all sides. The mountainous soils 50 the region are lateritic red soils and sandy loam, rich in organic matter, making it the perfect place for the development of green foods. Hence, it is known as the “Land of Fruits”.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)重难语法05 三大从句及特殊句式
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 2
考点01 定语从句 3
考点02 名词性从句 5
考点03 状语从句 9
考点04 特殊句式 10
高考练场 15
高考英语语法填空对三大从句及特殊句式的考查主要集中在以下方面：
三大从句
1. 名词性从句
主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句：主要考查连接词的使用，如that、whether/if、what、which、who、when、where、why等。
易错点：注意that在名词性从句中不作成分，仅起连接作用；what与that的区别（what作成分，that不作成分）。
2. 定语从句
关系代词和关系副词：考查who、whom、whose、which、that、as等关系词的用法，以及when、where、why等关系副词。
非限制性定语从句：常由which引导，对整个句子进行补充说明。
易错点：注意关系代词的指代对象（指人或指物），以及关系副词的使用场景。
3. 状语从句
时间、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、地点、方式等状语从句：考查连词的使用，如when、while、since、because、so that、in order that、although、even if等。
易错点：注意连词的选择，尤其是so that（表示目的或结果）和because（表示原因）的区别。
特殊句式
1. 倒装句
全部倒装：如“here/there + 不及物动词 + 主语”结构。
部分倒装：如only修饰状语置于句首时，句子需部分倒装。
易错点：注意only修饰主语时不倒装。
2. 省略句
省略主语或谓语：常出现在状语从句中，如when、while引导的从句中省略主语和be动词。
易错点：注意省略后的句子结构仍需保持逻辑完整。
3. 强调句
强调句型：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分。
易错点：注意强调句型与主语从句的区别。
4. 感叹句
结构：What + a/an + adj + 单数可数名词；What + adj + 复数/不可数名词；How + adj/adv + 主语 + 谓语。
易错点：注意区分感叹句与宾语从句的引导词。
5. 反意疑问句
结构：陈述句 + 简短问句。
易错点：注意前肯后否、前否后肯的规则。
备考建议
掌握从句的连接词和基本结构，注意关系代词和关系副词的区别。
熟悉特殊句式的结构和用法，尤其是倒装句、省略句和强调句。
多做练习，通过语境理解从句和特殊句式的正确使用。
总结易错点，如关系代词的指代对象、倒装句的条件等。
一、定语从句
考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语
whose 人或物 定语
as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语
关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时
先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时
先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰
先行词既有人又有物时
只用which的 引导非限制性定语从句时
关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况
关系代词as和which 的区别 as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等
which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系
The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.
China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
考点二：关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用
when 时间名词 时间状语
where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语
why the reason 原因状语
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.
Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday
考点三：非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去 掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。
e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。）
which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。
e. g. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages，which surprises all the people present.
(一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。）
3. 在非限制性定语从句中，还可把all, some，most, none或both加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。
e. g. He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(他深深地爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。）
考点四：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。
Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved.
科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。
Many young people，most of whom were well educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。
3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。
The newly built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.
这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。
二、名词性从句
考点一：宾语从句
1．宾语从句的引导词
连接词 that，whether，if 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分
连接代词 what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语
She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn't.
她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。
Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。
易错警示
(1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。
(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh 类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。
2．形式宾语
宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句
(2)动词hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句
(3)短语动词see to/ depend on/rely on＋it＋从句
(4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋从句
No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.
我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。
3．宾语从句的时态
一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。
考点二：表语从句
1．表语从句的引导词
连接词 that，whether 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分
连接代词 what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语
The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.
对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up.
这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。
易错警示
if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。
2．as if/as though引导表语从句
as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。
The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。
3．其他常考的表语从句
(1)This/ That/ It is why＋表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是……的原因”
(2)This/ That/ It is because＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……”
(3)The reason why...is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……”
From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water.
从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。
考点三：主语从句
1．主语从句的引导词
连接词 that，whether，if 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分
连接代词 what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语
Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.
你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会对我们有所帮助。
How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。
Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it.
李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。
The limits of a person's intelligence，generally speaking，are fixed at birth，but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。
易错警示
(1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。
(2)当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，而不用if。
2．形式主语
it作形式主语的常见句型：
(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句
(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等)＋that从句
It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.
尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。
It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。
易错警示
当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或whether引导均可，但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后接or not时，只能用whether。
考点四：同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词：advice，conclusion，doubt，fact，hope，idea，news，promise，question，suggestion，thought，truth，wish，word等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that，whether，how，where，when，why等。
The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。
易错警示
that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。
三、状语从句
考点一、时间状语从句
1．when，while和as引导的时间状语从句
when 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生
while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
as 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”
While some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.
尽管有些人被成功的渴望所激励，但也有一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。
As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.
随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。
2．表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句
(1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly
The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy.
我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。
(2)在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。
I had hardly got to the office，when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我回家。
3．before，since引导的时间状语从句
(1) before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式：It will be/was＋一段时间＋before...过了……时间才……；It won't be/wasn't＋一段时间＋before...没过多久就……。
We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.
在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。
If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.
如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。
(2)since意为“自从……以来”，常用句式：It is/ has been＋一段时间＋since从句(常用过去时)。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
As is reported，it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.
正如所报道的，清华大学自建立以来已有一百多年了。
4．till/until引导的时间状语从句
until/till用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首，而till不能。
If you don't understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out.
如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。
She didn't start the lesson until the pupils settled down.
等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。
5．every time，each time，next time，the first time，by the time等引导的时间状语从句
By the time you have finished this book，your meal will get cold.
等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。
考点二、让步状语从句
1．although，though，as和while引导的让步状语从句
(1)though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装；as引导的从句必须用倒装语序： 表语/状语/动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他，若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。
(2)though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。
(3)while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。
Although these measures are not effective forever，they are vital for now.
虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。
2．even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句
even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。
(湖南高考)Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise.
蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。
3．“疑问词＋ ever”引导的让步状语从句
wherever，(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋ ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。
However/No matter how hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。
4．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句
whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。
All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。
考点三、其他状语从句
状语从句 连词
条件状语从句 if，unless(＝if...not)，so/as long as(只要)，on condition that，in case(万一)，suppose/supposing，provided/providing
原因状语从句 because，as，since，now that，considering that (考虑到，鉴于)
目的状语从句 so that，in order that，in case (以防)
结果状语从句 so that，so...that...，such...that...
地点状语从句 where，wherever
方式状语从句 as(正如，正像)，as if/as though(好像)
比较状语从句 than，as...as...，not as/so...as...
Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句子也能改变一段文字的意思。
He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture.
他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些他能够拍成好照片的东西。
易错警示
as if/as though引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时，从句通常用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，用过去时；与过去情况相反时，用过去完成时；与将来情况相反时，用would/could/might＋动词原形。
四、特殊句式
【考点诠释】
类型 句 式 考 查 重 点
强调句 It is / was ＋被强调部分＋that / who ... 对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当强调部分是人，且作主语时，引导词也可用who。强调主语时要注意连接词与谓语的一致性。
强调句的特殊疑问句结构:疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that/who＋句子其他部分
强调谓语动词 用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。
与三大从句的区别 1.强调句去掉It is/was和that 之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能。 2.强调句中that没有意义，且不作任何成分，而定语从句中that为关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。 3.强调句去掉It is/was和that后，结构仍然完整，而It is ...when ...中，it指代时间。
倒装句 部分倒装 1.表示否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/ scarcely ...when ..., no sooner ...than ..., not only ...but also ..., not ...until ..., nowhere, neither ... nor ... 等。 2.“only＋状语(从句)”置于句首时，句子(主句)要用部分倒装。 3.so/such ... that ... 结构中的so, such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。 4.表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so 表示肯定意义，neither/nor 表示否定意义)。 5.在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。
完全倒装 1.here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且句子主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装语序。 2.有时为平衡句子结构或突出强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构。
省略句 状语从句的省略 在时间、让步、方式、条件、地点等状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，而且状语从句的谓语中有be动词，可以将从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略。
动词不定式的省略 感官动词后的宾补，常省略to；在形容词(glad, happy, pleased, delighted, anxious等)后作状语时，to后的内容常承前省略。
常用的与if相关的省略结构 If从句中是it is结构，可以省略it is。如：if ever, if busy, if possible, if so, if not, if necessary
感叹句 what引导的感叹句 1.What＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语! 2.What＋形容词＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋主语＋谓语!
how引导的感叹句 1.How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语! 2. How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语!
单句语法填空
1．It is estimated in the UK alone, people eat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 cuisines from 60, 000 restaurants. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：据估计，仅在英国，人们每天就要吃300万份外卖餐，三大外卖应用一共提供了来自6万家餐厅的100种美食选择。句型It is estimated that...，表示“据估计”，that引导主语从句。故填that。
2．Some parents keep complaining that they do is for their kids’ benefits, which is a little annoying. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：有些父母一直抱怨说，他们所做的一切都是为了孩子的利益，这有点烦人。句中that引导宾语从句，“_____they do”是宾语从句中的主语，为主语从句，空格处在主语从句中作do的宾语，指事物，用连接词what引导。故填what。
3．It remains unknown these social changes have resulted in diverse household patterns. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whether
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：目前尚不清楚这些社会变化是否导致了多样的家庭模式。这个句子是it作形式主语，空处引导主语从句，从句中成份是完整的，结合句意可知缺少“是否”的意思，应用whether引导从句。故填whether。
4． the new mayor will take office hasn’t been made public yet. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】When
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：新市长何时上任还没有公布。空处引导主语从句，表达“何时上任”之意，用连接副词when引导；句首单词首字母大写。故填When。
5． the two trains crashed into each other still remains unknown, but the police say that it could be due to the heavy snow. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】Why
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：两列火车相撞的原因尚不清楚，但警方表示，这可能是由于大雪。空处引导主语从句，从句成份完整，结合下文“it could be due to the heavy snow”可知，此处是指原因，应用连接副词why作引导词。故填Why。
6．A story goes he rushed out of the room without saying a word. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：据说，他一句话也没说就冲出了房间。引导同位语从句，对前面的名词story进行补充说明，从句句意完整，成分齐全，应用that引导，且that不能省略。故填that。
7．The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：这些年来地球变得越来越热这个事情让很多科学家很担忧。分析句子结构，此句为同位语从句。从句the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years对前面名词 the fact的内容进行解释，用连接词that。故填that。
8．We have offered him the position, but I don’t have the slightest idea he will accept it. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】whether
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我们已经向他提供了这个职位，但我丝毫不知道他是否会接受。分析句子，空处引导同位语从句，说明名词idea的内容，结合I don’t have the slightest idea可知，空处表示“是否”，应用whether引导从句。故填whether。
9．The question occurred to me we should go to get the car repaired. We were in the middle of the forest at that time. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】where
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我突然想到这个问题，我们应该去哪里修理汽车，那时我们在森林的中央。分析句子，空处引导同位语从句，说明名词question的内容，结合语意，问题是去哪里修车，空处应用where引导从句。故填where。
10．The question should do the work is being discussed at the meeting. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】who
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：会议上正在讨论谁应该做这项工作的问题。 should do the work是一个同位语从句，对名词question的内容进行解释说明，从句中缺少主语，且意义为“谁”，所以应该用连接代词who引导从句。故填who。
11．I have no idea the boy is doing in the next room now. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我不知道那个男孩现在正在隔壁房间做什么。根据空前I have no idea和空后the boy is doing可知，“_____ the boy is doing in the next room now”为“idea”的同位语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，表示“什么”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
12．Ten percent of life is what happens to you and ninety percent is you respond to it. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】how
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：生活的百分之十是发生在你身上的事，百分之九十是你如何应对它。空处引导名词性从句作表语，结合句意可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“如何，怎样”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。
13．The most obvious advantage of online learning is you can study anywhere and anytime. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：在线学习最明显的优点是你可以随时随地学习。设空处引导表语从句，且从句语义完整，不缺成分，需用连接词that引导。故填that。
14．Jane attends Opportunities Academy, a program for young adults with disabilities. This was they learned about how to care about others. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：简参加了“机遇学院”项目，这是一个为有残疾的年轻成年人设立的项目。在这里，他们学习了如何关心他人。空处位于系动词was后引导表语从句，结合句意可知，从句中缺少地点状语，表示在Opportunities Academy这个项目中，应用where引导从句。故填where。
15．The problem is method we should adopt to solve this complex problem. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：问题是我们应该采用什么方法来解决这个复杂的问题。分析句子结构可知，“is”后是表语从句，从句缺少定语，修饰名词method，表示“什么”，故用连接代词what引导。故填what。
16．She got up late this morning and that was she missed the first bus. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】why
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：她今天早上起晚了，那就是为什么她错过了第一班公共汽车。空处引导表语从句，应用连接副词why，that was why表示“那就是为什么”，表示结果。符合题意。故填why。
17．As the city expands, dozens of modern buildings have been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago.
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：随着城市的扩张，十年前的荒地上建起了几十座现代建筑。介词后接宾语从句，从句缺主语，表示“事物、东西”，使用连接代词what引导。故填what。
18．I hate it the weather becomes freezing cold because there is no heater inside. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【详解】考查it作形式宾语when引导的从句作真正的宾语。句意：我讨厌天气变冷的时候，因为里面没有暖气。由句意及空前的I hate it可知此处为I hate it/like it/appreciate it/dislike it...+when/if从句的结构，其中it作形式宾语，when/if引导的从句作真正的宾语，结合句意此处应用when引导的从句作真正的宾语，故填when。
19．The official made it clear he would do everything possible to solve the problem. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这位官员明确表示，他将尽一切可能解决这个问题。句中it作形式宾语，设空处引导名词性从句作真正宾语，从句句意完整，不缺成分，用连接词that引导。故填that。
20．How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】who/whom
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：一个人旅行有多开心，很大程度上取决于他和谁一起去，是他的朋友还是亲戚。分析句子，设空处引导的是宾语从句，引导词在从句中作with后的宾语，指代人，意为“谁”用who或者whom。故填who/whom。
21．It never occurred to her that she was faced with the same stage they had been faced with tackling the health crisis. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】 as when
【详解】考查定语从句和状语从句。句意：她从来没有想到，她所面临的阶段与他们在应对健康危机时所面临的阶段相同。第一空引导定语从句，修饰先行词stage，关系词代替先行词在从句中作had been faced with的宾语，且先行词有the same修饰，应用关系as引导；第二空为状语从句的省略，表示“当……时候”用when，从句省略了主语和be动词。故填①as；②when。
22．His so-called adequate reason he had been ill for a week was revealed by us yesterday, made him ashamed. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】 that which
【详解】考查同位语从句和定语从句。句意：他病了一个星期的所谓充分理由昨天被我们揭露了，这使他感到羞愧。第一空说明reason的内容，引导同位语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意，故用that引导；第二空引导非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which。故填①that；②which。
23．Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：不活跃或是日常饮食含脂肪量高的孩子体重增长的很快。分析句子结构，who are not active和 _______ diet is high in fat是由or连接的两个并列的定语从句，先行词是Children，关系词在后一个定语从句中作定语，修饰名词“diet”，用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。
24．Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything comes into sight is so new to me. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在过去的十年间我们的城市发生了巨大改变，一切出现在眼前的事物对我来说都是新的。空处引导定语从句，先行词为不定代词everything，关系代词作从句主语，用that。故填that。
25．This city, history can date back to 2000 years ago, has become a modern city where you can experience both the new and the old. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这座城市，其历史可以追溯到2000年前，如今已经变成了一座既能体验新事物又能感受古老气息的现代化城市。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词whose引导的定语从句，先行词this city在从句中作history的定语成分。故填whose。
26．Xi’ an is the former capital of many dynasties, accounts for its historical significance. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：西安是许多朝代的前都城，这解释了它的历史意义。“ accounts for its historical significance”是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，句中所述“西安是许多朝代的前都城”这一情况在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。
27．The organization aims to help those suffer from great losses in the pandemic(疫情). (用适当的词填空)
【答案】who
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该组织旨在帮助那些在疫情中遭受重大损失的人。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。
28．In terms of environmental impact, grapes are produced in heated houses release more carbon dioxide. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】which/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：就环境影响而言，在温室中生产的葡萄会释放更多的二氧化碳。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词grapes，为物，在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词which或者that。故填which/that。
29．The palace is named after its designer is widely recognized for his innovative ideas about architecture. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】who/that
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这座宫殿以其设计者命名，该设计者因其在建筑方面的创新理念而广为人知。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词its designer，指人，且在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。
30．My grandpa, is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about the good old days. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】as
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的爷爷，像很多老人一样，喜欢谈论过去的美好时光。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语成分，关系代词as表示“正如，像”，放在主句主谓之间。故填as。
31．In 1961 the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从。句意：1961 年联合国决定建立世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，且设空处在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，应该用关系代词whose引导。故填 whose。
32．Does tourism, some people suggest, have impact on the traditional values of local population (用适当的词填空)
【答案】as
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：旅游业是否像一些人所说的那样，对当地居民的传统价值观产生了影响？分析句子成分可知，空处应为引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指代整个主句，词义为“正如”，且在从句中充当宾语。故填as。
33．The house, roof was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whose
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那所房子的屋顶在那场可怕的大火中被毁了，现在已经修好了。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The house，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作roof的定语，意思是“那所房子的屋顶”，应使用具有所属关系的关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故填whose。
34．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们将把公园里的野餐推迟到下星期，那时天气可能会好一些。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为next week，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
35．The scene in the Hollywood movie, global warming could turn the global climate into a new ice age, may never occur. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：好莱坞电影中全球变暖可能使全球气候进入新冰河期的场景可能永远不会发生。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词the scene为抽象地点名词，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
36．Today’s college is appropriate as a setting for a society, its members must acquire and manage knowledge from a wide variety of sources．(用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：今天的大学适合作为一个社会背景，其成员必须从各种来源获得和管理知识。分析句子，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词a setting of society，表示“在社会背景中”用where。故填where。
37．Teachers should create an environment children are taught how to solve problems of learning by themselves. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：教师应该创造一个环境，让孩子们学会如何自己解决学习中的问题。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的限制性定语从句，先行词environment为抽象地点名词，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。
38．The film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that small village. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】when
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这部电影使我回想起我在那个小村庄受到良好照顾的时光。根据句子结构可知，设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词the hours，引导词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
39．The little boy wouldn’t leave the shop he bought what he wanted. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】until
【详解】考查连词。句意：这个小男孩直到买了他想要的东西才离开商店。not…until…“直到……才……”是固定句型，符合句意，故用until引导时间状语从句。故填until。
40．However, the most amazing thing happened. the reality of the crisis sank in, it brought out the best in us. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】As/When
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：然而，最令人惊奇的事情发生了。随着危机的现实逐渐深入人心，它激发了我们最好的一面。根据句意可知，空处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着……/当……”，应用连词as/when引导从句，置于句首，首字母大写。故填As/When。
41．He hurried out of the room the meeting was over.
【答案】 as soon as
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：会议一结束他就匆忙走出房间。结合句意可知，此处用as soon as引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就”，故填①as②soon③as。
42．Someone called me up at midnight, but they hung up I could answer the phone. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】before
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：半夜有人给我打电话，但我还没来得及接就挂了。由“but they hung up ____ I could answer the phone”可知，but表转折，句子表示“我还没来得及接就挂了”，before和can/could连用表示“还没来得及就”，因此空格处是before，引导时间状语从句，故填before。
43．What impresses me most is that he appears in front of others, he wears a sincere and charming smile.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】whenever
【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：让我印象最深刻的是，每当他出现在别人面前，他总是带着真诚而迷人的微笑。该句是复合句，含what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句；表语从句中含whenever引导的时间状语从句。故答案为whenever。
44．I wish my house would be built we can enjoy beautiful scenery with mountains and rivers. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：我希望我的房子能建在我们可以欣赏山水美景的地方。分析句子可知，句子缺少built后面的地点状语，空处应用where引导地点状语从句，表示“……的地方”。故填where。
45．He thinks that students have signed up for minor subjects they have the energy and time to do so. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】because
【详解】考查连词。句意：他认为，学生们报名参加辅修课程是因为他们有精力和时间这样做。此处表示“因为”，可用because引导原因状语从句，故填because。
46． we've set our mind on the goal, we must go through with the task.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】 Now that
【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：既然我们已经确定了目标，就必须把任务进行到底。根据句意可知now that 的意思是“既然”，引导原因状语从句。置于句首，首字母大写。故答案为Now that。
47．In addition, improvement of teachers' professional development cannot be over emphasized technology will never replace a knowledgeable teacher. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】because/since/as
【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：此外，教师专业发展的改善再怎么强调也不为过，因为技术永远不会取代知识渊博的教师。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”可用because/since/as。故填because/since/as。
48．Leave your key with a neighbor you lock yourself out one day. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】 in order that
【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：把钥匙交给邻居保管，以便有一天可以把自己锁在门外。此处为连词in order that“以便……”引导的目的状语从句，满足句意要求。故填①in；②order；③that。
49．We’d better leave a message at the information desk somebody should come and visit us. (根据句意填空)
【答案】 in case
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：我们最好在服务台留个言，以防有人来找我们。引导目的状语从句，表示“以防”应用in case。故填in case。
50．He had his camera ready he saw something that would make a good picture. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】 in case
【详解】考查连词短语。句意：他把照相机准备好了，以防他看到能拍出好照片的东西。短语in case表示“以防，万一”，引导目的状语从句，用在此处符合句意。故填in case。
51．Strasser said Lowell got in through the back door, which he kept open at night so that Bonnie get into the backyard. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】could
【详解】考查情态动词和目的状语从句。句意：Strasser说Lowell是从后门进来的，他晚上一直开着后门，这样邦妮就能进入后院。结合句意空处应填情态动词could，so that引导目的状语从句时经常与情态动词can/could/be able to连用。故填could。
52．They chose to live in the suburbs they will not be disturbed by the heavy traffic and the serious air pollution. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】 so that
【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：他们选择住在郊区，为了不被繁忙的交通和严重的空气污染所困扰。后半句表明了他们选择住到郊区去的目的，所以用so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便”。根据句意，故填so that。
53．As we can see, developing a good habit is so important I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habit—keep a learning diary every day. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】that
【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：正如我们所看到的，养成一个好习惯是如此重要，所以我想介绍一种好的学习习惯——每天写学习日记。结合句意及句中的so可知，此处是so...that引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于”，故填that。
54． loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】So
【详解】考查倒装句和结果状语从句。句意：他说话的声音如此之大，连隔壁房间的人都能听到。分析句子可知，句为“so+adv.+that…”引导的结果状语从句，当“so”放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装，“did”提前，还原后为“he spoke so loudly that…”，故空格处应用“So”，句首单词首字母大写。故填So。
55．We were in an anxious rush when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】such
【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：我们走的时候太着急了，结果忘了带机票。such所修饰的中心词是名词，此处rush是名词，意思是“匆忙，赶紧”，所以这里是such…that…引导的结果状语从句。故答案为such。
56．Our math teacher set such a hard test problem none of us could work out the other day. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】that
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我们的数学老师出了一道这么难的题，以致于前几天我们谁也做不出来。结合句子分析可知，横线处为固定句型搭配“such+a/an+形容词+名词+that+从句”，此处是结果状语从句，意为：如此……以致于。故填that。
57．You cannot make progress you work harder. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】unless
【详解】考查连词。句意：除非你更努力，不然你不会取得进步。根据句意可知空格处需要填写连词unless引导条件状语从句，只有在“更努力”这个条件下，才能取得进步。故填unless。
58．You will certainly succeed you keep on trying. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】 as/so long as
【详解】考查条件状语从句引导词。句意：只要你继续努力，你一定会成功。分析可知，“_______ _______ _______ you keep on trying”为条件状语从句，结合语境可知，从句表达“只要你坚持努力”含义，用“as/so long as…(只要……)”引导。故填①as/so；②long；③as。
59．Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, they hunt them for food. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】unless
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：大多数动物与不同种类的动物几乎毫无关系，除非他们要去猎食对方。根据主从句逻辑关系，应用表达“除非”的连词引导条件状语从句。故填unless。
60． the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Once/If
【详解】考查连词。句意：一旦造成破坏，农田将需要很多年才能恢复。分析句子结构可以，空格处需要填一个连词来引导前面这个从句。根据句意，前面的连词可填If来引导条件状语从句。或者填Once来引导时间状语从句，有“条件”的意味，表示从某个时间点开始，意思是“一……就……”。以上两者引导的从句都是一般现在时，而主句是一般将来时。故填If或Once。
61．Our parents will be pleased with our performance we try our best. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】 as long as
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：只要我们尽力而为，我们的父母就会对我们的表现感到满意。分析句子可知，句子为条件状语从句，空格处单词引导从句，根据句意可知，应用“as long as”引导从句，意为“只要”。故填as long as。
62． everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】If
【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：如果每个人都为保护环境做出贡献，世界将变得更加美丽。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处应用if引导条件状语从句。故填If。
63．You have to let us struggle for ourselves, we must die in the process. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】 even if/though
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：你得让我们为自己拼搏，哪怕我们会在这个过程中死去。分析句子，结合句意可知，空格处引导让步状语从句，连接副词even if或even though，引导从句，意为“即使”，符合句意。故填even if或even though。
64． the diet isn’t specifically designed for weight loss, many studies have demonstrated that some fish meat could lead to weight loss. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Although/Though/While
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管这种饮食并不是专门为减肥而设计的，但许多研究表明，一些鱼肉可以减肥。分析句子可知，空格处应填入状语从句的引导词。根据句意，此处指“尽管这种饮食并不是专门为减肥而设计的”，从句表示让步，应用although/though/while引导让步状语从句，置于句首首字母应大写。故填Although/Though/While。
65． wealthy he was, he never forgot his humble beginnings and was always ready to help others. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】However
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论他多么富有，他从来没有忘记自己卑微的开始，所以他总是乐于帮助别人。结合句意可知，此处指“无论他多么富有”，用however引导让步状语从句，首字母应大写。故填However。
66．But those numbers, impressive they seem, may be beside the point. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】as/though
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：但这些数字虽然看起来令人印象深刻，但可能无关紧要。分析句意及句子结构可知，此处引导让步状语从句，句子使用了倒装结构，应用as或though引导，常见结构为“名词/形容词/副词+as/though+主语+谓语”。故填as或though。
67．Much the golden ball cactus prefers the sun, it tolerates temperatures of below zero degrees centigrade. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】as/though
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然金球仙人掌喜欢阳光，但它能忍受摄氏零度以下的温度。根据句意可知，此处引导让步状语从句，且使用了部分倒装结构，应用as或though引导。故填as或though。
68． reasons may be behind it, people’s attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】No matter what/Whatever
【详解】考查连词。句意：不管背后的原因是什么，多年来人们对左撇子的态度发生了很大变化。根据句意可知，本句让步状语从句，修饰名词reasons，应用no matter what/whatever。故填No matter what/Whatever。
69． it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Whether
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论是寻求指导的盲人还是寻求支持的老年人，扶手都是用来步行的。分析可知，本句是让步状语从句，用whether...or...引导，符合句意和语境要求，句首单词首字母大写，故填Whether。
70．Furthermore, talented the speaker is, a talk without enough preparation is usually a failure. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】however
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：此外，无论演讲者多么有才华，没有充分准备的演讲通常是失败的。结合句意及空后的形容词talented可知， 此处表示“无论演讲者多么有才华”，用however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how，故填however。
71．He told his supporters not to ease up he’s leading in the presidential race. （用适当的单词填空）
【答案】 even though/ if
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：他告诉他的支持者，即使他在总统竞选中领先，也不要放松。根据句意可知，此处填入连词even though/if(即使)引导让步状语从句。故填even though/if。
72． life gives us, just accept it happily and feel grateful from the bottom of our heart.（用适当的单词填空）
【答案】 No matter what
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论生活给了我们什么，只要开心地接受它，从心底里感激它就好。引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”应用no matter what引导，相当于whatever，句首单词首字母要大写。故填①No②matter③what。
73． online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.（用单词适当形式填空）
【答案】While/Although/Though
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但它的影响并不全都是积极的。根据句意，前后之间是让步关系，表示“虽然，尽管”应用while/though/although连词引导让步状语从句。句首单词首字母要大写。故填While/Although/Though。
74．The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as she were their own mother. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】if/though
【详解】考查方式状语从句。句意：孩子们和她非常友好，甚至把她当作自己的母亲一样尊敬。本空引导方式状语从句，表示“好像”，用as if/though。故填if/though。
75． the name suggests, study hard and you will get good results. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】As
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：正如名字所暗示的那样，努力学习你会取得好成绩。as the name suggests是固定表达，意为“正如名字所暗示的”，as置于句首，首字母大写。故填As。
76． a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】As
【详解】考查方式状语从句。句意：就像一个单词可以改变一个句子的意思一样，一个句子也可以改变一个段落的意思。逗号前后均为完整的句子，结合所表述的内容可知，此处指前后情况类似，应用意为“如同，像……一样”的连词as引导方式状语从句，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填As。
77．As far as we all can see, the boy walked in as he had bought the whole school. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】if
【详解】考查状语从句。句意：就我们所能看到的，那个男孩走进来就好像他买下了整个学校。引导方式状语从句，表示“好像”应用as if。故填if。
78．The more I know about Chinese tradition culture, the (attract) it is to me. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】more attractive
【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：我对中国传统文化了解得越多，它对我就越有吸引力。根据句意和句中的the more可知，此处考查固定句型“The+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……，就越……”，所以空格处应该用形容词attractive的比较级more attractive。故填more attractive。
79．The more we acknowledge the outstanding universal value of our heritage sites, the (likely) we are to treat them with respect. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】more likely
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我们越是认识到文化遗产的突出的普遍价值，我们就越有可能以尊重的态度对待它们。此处为固定句型“the+比较级…, the +比较级…”意为“越……，越……”，所以此处应使用likely的比较级。故填more likely。
80．Nobody loves money better he does; he takes advantage of every chance to make money. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】than
【详解】考查连词。句意：没有人比他更爱钱，他利用一切机会赚钱。根据句意可知，此处为连词than，构成better than“比……更”引导比较状语从句，满足句意要求。故填than。
语法填空（注意三大从句用法）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Spring Festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of the traditional New Year” was successfully included in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (ICH), marking that China’s efforts 1 (protect) intangible cultural heritage have been recognized by the world. The UNESCO made the 2 (decide) at the 19th session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the ICH on Wednesday.
China now boasts nearly 870,000 ICH items. Among them, 44 items have been added to the UNESCO ICH List, 3 (rank) first in the world. China’s ICH includes 4 wide range of practices, from Tibetan Opera to the Mazu belief system, showcasing the country’s commitment to preserving the cultural diversity 5 exists within its borders. The Spring Festival is not a unified tradition 6 a cultural phenomenon that involves various regional customs and celebrations, each contributing to the greater whole.
As the Spring Festival 7 (celebrate) globally, these related ICH forms will also reach other parts of the world. Beyond the heritage forms themselves, the deeper cultural values and meanings behind them will also become 8 (know) to people of different cultural backgrounds.
Traditional culture should be 9 (appropriate) integrated into contemporary contexts to achieve greater impact. Innovative development is the norm for cultural development nowadays. One example of the innovative 10 (aspect) of China’s ICH protection efforts is its push for digital preservation. In June 2023, China’s Ministry of Culture and Tourism approved and released the country’s first industry standards in the field of ICH, the Digital Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage — Digital Resource Collection and Cataloging series.
【答案】
1．to protect 2．decision 3．ranking 4．a 5．that/which 6．but 7．is celebrated/has been celebrated 8．known 9．appropriately 10．aspects
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了春节成功入选《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》，标志着中国保护非物质文化遗产的努力得到了世界的认可。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：“春节——中国人民庆祝传统新年的社会习俗”成功入选《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》，标志着中国保护非物质文化遗产的努力得到了世界的认可。名词effort后跟不定式，作后置定语。故填to protect。
2．考查名词。句意：联合国教科文组织昨天在第19届政府间保护非物质文化遗产委员会会议上做出了上述决定。作动词的宾语，应用名词decision，此处特指将中国春节列入人类非物质文化遗产这个决定，用单数。故填decision。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：其中，44项被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录，位居世界第一。此处表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填ranking。
4．考查冠词。句意：中国的非物质文化遗产包括广泛的实践，从藏戏到妈祖信仰体系，展示了中国对保护其境内存在的文化多样性的承诺。短语a wide range of表示“广泛的范围”。故填a。
5．考查定语从句。句意：中国的非物质文化遗产包括广泛的实践，从藏戏到妈祖信仰体系，展示了中国对保护其境内存在的文化多样性的承诺。定语从句修饰先行词diversity，在从句作主语，指物，故填that/which。
6．考查固定句型。句意：春节不是一个统一的传统，而是一种文化现象，它包含了各种地区的习俗和庆祝活动，每一个都为更大的整体做出了贡献。句型not…but…表示“不是……而是……”，故填but。
7．考查时态语态。句意：随着春节在全球范围内的庆祝，这些相关的非物质文化遗产形式也将传播到世界其他地方。此处从句主语the Spring Festival与谓语构成被动关系，此处可理解为陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态；或理解为过去发生的动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is celebrated/ has been celebrated。
8．考查形容词。句意：在遗产形式本身之外，其背后更深层次的文化价值和意义也会被不同文化背景的人所了解。作表语，用形容词known，become known for表示“为……所知”。故填known。
9．考查副词。句意：传统文化应适当地融入当代语境，发挥更大的影响力。修饰动词integrated用副词appropriately，故填appropriately。
10．考查名词的数。句意：中国在非物质文化遗产保护方面的创新举措之一是推动数字保存。表示“……中的一个”时，名词应用复数形式。故填aspects。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a twist, the long-forgotten CCD digital camera, once 11 (perceive) “electronic waste” and pushed aside by the technological tide, is making a comeback. 12 their slightly unclear images, these devices are popular, which is being fueled by the nostalgia (怀旧) trend 13 (sweep) China’s youth.
On social media platforms, the enthusiasm for sharing secondhand, 14 even multiple-hand digital cameras, is growing. Owning one makes 15 possible to shoot images with an old-fashioned hue, the texture of film, and the “cold white skin” tone.
A CCD is the light-sensitive component in a digital camera. 16 it can produce clear and bright images in well-lit conditions, it has limitations. Poor performance in low light and a small sensor size led to its gradual 17 (replace) by CMOS sensors after 2010. Yet a search for CCD cameras on platforms like Xianyu reveals that CCD has been 18 aesthetic (美学的) style as a result of online posts.
With the wide spread of smartphones, major producers 19 (discontinue) their camera lines in recent years. Some people have warned that many low-priced cameras may be secondhand with outdated technologies and ageing sensors. Others believe that CCDs are providing the young with a new way of expressing themselves. Sharing photos has 20 (complete) become a social ritual.
【答案】
11．perceived 12．Despite 13．sweeping 14．or 15．it 16．While/Though/Although 17．replacement 18．an 19．have discontinued 20．completely
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了曾经被视为“电子垃圾”的CCD数码相机正在回归流行。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：令人惊讶的是，曾经被视为“电子垃圾”并被技术潮流所淘汰的CCD数码相机正在回归。本句谓语为is making，此处为非谓语动词，且the long-forgotten CCD digital camera与perceive“认为”为被动关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填perceived。
12．考查介词。句意：尽管这些设备的图像有些模糊，但它们很受欢迎，这得益于席卷中国青年人的怀旧潮流。前后句之间是让步关系，且空后是名词短语，应用介词despite“尽管”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Despite。
13．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。which引导的定语从句谓语为is being fueled，此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语trend与sweep“席卷”之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语。故填sweeping。
14．考查连词。句意：在社交媒体平台上，分享二手或者甚至多手数码相机的热情正在高涨。空格前后是选择关系，应用连词or连接。故填or。
15．考查代词。句意：拥有一台这样的相机，就有可能拍出具有老式色调、胶片质感和“冷白皮”色调的照片。空格处作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语to shoot images with an old-fashioned hue, the texture of film, and the “cold white skin” tone，应填代词it。故填it。
16．考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然它能在光线充足的情况下拍出清晰明亮的照片，但也有局限性。前后句意存在让步关系，应用although/though/while“虽然”引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。
17．考查名词。句意：由于其在低光下的表现不佳以及传感器尺寸较小，导致其逐渐被CMOS传感器取代。本空作led to的宾语，应用名词replacement，表示“替换”。故填replacement。
18．考查冠词。句意：然而，在线帖子的结果显示，CCD已经成为一种美学风格。此处泛指“一种美学风格”，且aesthetic以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
19．考查时态。句意：随着智能手机的广泛普及，近年来主要生产商已经停产了他们的相机生产线。discontinue“停止”。根据时间状语in recent years可知，此处时态应用现在完成时，主语producers是复数，助动词用have。故填have discontinued。
20．考查副词。句意：分享照片已经完全成为了一种社交仪式。空格处作状语，修饰动词become，应用副词completely“完全地”。故填completely。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tianjing, or skywell, is a classic feature of Huizhou architecture. In traditional Huizhou architecture, the skywell, as 21 changing space between the interior and exterior, has positive 22 (significant) for the lighting and ventilation (通风) of the building interior. It also 23 (typical) displays Huizhou culture. Huizhou is famous for Huizhou traders, who set up skywells in their houses 24 (acquire) the feel of the “unity of heaven and man”.
On sunny days, the sun shines through the skywell to the front of the hall and the rooms, called “showering gold”. In rainy and snowy weather, rainwater flows down 25 the eaves (屋檐) and sinks into the tank below the skywell. That is named “flowing silver”, 26 means fortune will not run off outside. The process 27 (call) “four waters returning to the main hall of the houses”. In the skywell, combined with the 28 (passage) and halls, when the outdoor wind speed is high, wind-driven airflow makes up the majority of the wind 29 (enter) the room. Thus, the amount of indoor ventilation is reduced. When the outdoor wind is still, the skywell-shaped thermal pressure (热压力), which promotes ventilation, 30 (form) a complete ventilation system and plays the role of “hiding wind and gathering air”.
【答案】
21．a 22．significance 23．typically 24．to acquire 25．from 26．which 27．is called 28．passages 29．entering 30．forms
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了传统徽州建筑中的天井，解释了其寓意以及工作原理。
21．考查冠词。句意：在传统徽州建筑中，天井作为室内外的变化空间，对建筑内部的采光通风具有积极意义。此处space为泛指，且changing是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
22．考查名词。句意：在传统徽州建筑中，天井作为室内外的变化空间，对建筑内部的采光通风具有积极意义。作动词has的宾语，应用名词significance，不可数。故填significance。
23．考查副词。句意：它也典型地展示了徽州文化。修饰动词display应用副词typically，故填typically。
24．考查非谓语动词。句意：徽州以徽商而闻名，徽商在他们的房子里设置天井，以获得“天人合一”的感觉。此处acquire在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to acquire。
25．考查介词。句意：在雨雪天气，雨水从屋檐流下，汇入天井下方的水箱。后跟名词作宾语，表示“从……”应用介词from。故填from。
26．考查定语从句。句意：这被称为“流银”，意思是财富不会在外面流失。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词flowing silver，指物，从句缺少主语，故填which。
27．考查时态语态。句意：这个过程被称为“四水归堂”。主语process与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is called。
28．考查名词的数。句意：在天井中，结合通道和大厅，当室外风速较大时，风驱动气流占进入室内风的大部分。根据后文and halls可知应用名词复数形式，作介词with的宾语。故填passages。
29．考查非谓语动词。句意：在天井中，结合通道和大厅，当室外风速较大时，风驱动气流占进入室内风的大部分。此处wind与enter为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填entering。
30．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当室外风静止时，促进通风的天井形热压形成完整的通风系统，起到“藏风聚气”的作用。根据上文is可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为the skywell-shaped thermal pressure，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填forms。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When it comes to deserts, a scene of sandstorms and rolling dunes will pop into our mind. But if you come to the Taklimakan Desert, you will find it is a very breathtaking place different from 31 you have imagined.
Located in Xinjiang, the Taklimakan Desert is the one 32 (cover) 337,000 square kilometers. In the past, the desert expanded outward about 150 meters annually, which seriously posed a serious threat 33 the survival of the local people.
In 1979, a groundbreaking super project began as scheduled, aiming to build large-scale protective forests to reduce disturbing sandstorms and soil erosion 34 (dramatic). The project involved over 600,000 participants from various regions, who employed a variety of approaches to combat the desert. By the end of 2023, a green barrier of about 2,761 kilometers 35 (establish) around the desert. On November 28th, 2024, a significant milestone was achieved as 36 285-kilometer gap was successfully “locked”, marking a great victory in the battle against desertification. With the effort of half a century, the project has not only locked the edges of the desert but also protected the 37 (surround) oases, safeguarding the livelihoods of local communities and supporting the region’s economic development.
Nowadays, the desert is dotted with countless oases, many of 38 have become tourist destinations. The 39 (complete) of the project is not just an environmental victory but also a symbol of perseverance and romance of the Chinese people.
In the foreseeable future, with the continuous efforts of the Chinese people, this desert will continue to shrink 40 it is completely caged by the Chinese people.
【答案】
31．what 32．covering 33．to 34．dramatically 35．had been established 36．a 37．surrounding 38．which 39．completion 40．until
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了塔克拉玛干沙漠的特点、威胁、治理措施及治理成果。
31．考查宾语从句。句意：但如果你来到塔克拉玛干沙漠，你会发现它是一个与你想象的截然不同的令人叹为观止的地方。本空引导宾语从句，从句缺少have imagined的宾语，且指物，应用what引导。故填what。
32．考查非谓语动词。句意：位于新疆的塔克拉玛干沙漠，面积为33.7万平方公里。已有谓语动词is且无连词，本空应用非谓语动词形式，且one指代the Taklimakan Desert，与cover“占(一片面积)”构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语。故填covering。
33．考查介词。句意：在过去，沙漠每年向外扩张约150米，严重威胁到当地人民的生存。a threat to sth.为固定搭配，意为“对……构成威胁”，本空用介词to，符合题意。故填to。
34．考查副词。句意：1979年，一项开创性的超级工程如期开始，旨在建设大规模防护林，以显著减少扰人的沙尘暴和土壤侵蚀。此处修饰动词reduce，应用副词dramatically“显著地”，作状语。故填dramatically。
35．考查动词语态。句意：到2023年底，在沙漠周围建立了约2761公里的绿色屏障。根据时间状语By the end of 2023可知，时态应用过去完成时，主语a green barrier与动词establish“建立”构成被动关系，用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been established。
36．考查冠词。句意：2024年11月28日，一个285公里的缺口被成功“锁定”，这标志着防治荒漠化取得了重大胜利。此处泛指“一个285公里的缺口”，且285以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
37．考查形容词。句意：经过半个世纪的努力，该项目不仅锁定了沙漠边缘，还保护了周边绿洲，保障了当地社区的生计，支持了该地区的经济发展。此处修饰名词oases，应用形容词surrounding“周围的”，作定语。故填surrounding。
38．考查定语从句。句意：如今，沙漠上点缀着无数的绿洲，其中许多已成为旅游胜地。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词countless oases，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
39．考查名词。句意：该项目的完成不仅是一次环境胜利，也是中国人民坚韧不拔和浪漫情怀的象征。此处作主语，应用名词completion，表示“完成”，不可数名词。故填completion。
40．考查时间状语从句。句意：在可预见的未来，在中国人民的不断努力下，这片沙漠将继续萎缩，直到被中国人民完全圈养起来。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“直到……为止”，应用until引导。故填until。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every October, it is the harvest season for pomelo, a time 41 merchants flock to Duli Town 42 (purchase) the fruit. Most of these 43 (merchant) are regular buyers. The pomelo fruits are of excellent quality, fragrant, tender, juicy, sweet and sour in a balanced way, seedless or nearly seedless, refreshing, and have a unique flavor. They are 44 (undoubted) one of Duli’s famous and precious fruits, 45 (recognize) as a geographical indication product of China.
Duli Town 46 (locate) in the semi-mountainous hilly area of the western part of Xianyou County, 47 an area of 113 square kilometers. The town has 36,000 mu of cultivated land and 100,000 mu of mountainous areas. The region has a subtropical marine monsoon climate, with 48 average annual temperature of 21°C, annual rainfall between 1600-2000mm, sufficient sunshine, abundant rainfall, and rich water resources. These conditions create a unique natural climate for the 49 (product) of high-quality fruits, especially pomelo, making it an ideal place for the development of subtropical plants. Geographically, it is close to the Daiyun Mountain range and is nestled in a basin surrounded by mountains on all sides. The mountainous soils 50 the region are lateritic red soils and sandy loam, rich in organic matter, making it the perfect place for the development of green foods. Hence, it is known as the “Land of Fruits”.
【答案】
41．when 42．to purchase 43．merchants 44．undoubtedly 45．recognized 46．is located 47．with 48．an 49．production 50．in
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是福建仙游县度尾镇的柚子收获季，及其优越的自然条件和地理环境对优质水果生产的影响。
41．考查定语从句。句意：每年10月，是柚子的收获季节，商人们蜂拥到度尾镇购买柚子。此处为限定性定语从句，先行词是time，指的是时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：每年10月，是柚子的收获季节，商人们蜂拥到度尾镇购买柚子。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to purchase。
43．考查名词复数。句意：这些商家大多是常客。此处作宾语，merchant“商人”为可数名词，空前有these修饰，应用名词复数形式。故填merchants。
44．考查副词。句意：它们无疑是度尾镇的名贵水果之一，是公认的中国地理标志产品。此处修饰动词are，应用副词undoubtedly“无疑”，作状语。故填undoubtedly。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们无疑是度尾镇的名贵水果之一，是公认的中国地理标志产品。recognize与所修饰词fruits之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填recognized。
46．考查动词语态。句意：度尾镇位于仙游县西部半山地丘陵地带，面积113平方公里。句子讲述客观事实，应用一般现在时，locate与主语Duli Town之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数，be动词使用is。故填is located。
47．考查介词。句意：度尾镇位于仙游县西部半山地丘陵地带，面积113平方公里。固定搭配with an area of“面积为……”。故填with。
48．考查冠词。句意：该地区属亚热带海洋性季风气候，年平均气温21℃，年降雨量在1600-2000mm之间，日照充足，雨量充沛，水资源丰富。固定短语a temperature of…“气温是……”，此处应用不定冠词，average的首个音素为元音音素，应用an。故填an。
49．考查名词。句意：这些条件为生产优质水果，特别是柚子创造了独特的自然气候，使其成为亚热带植物发展的理想场所。此处表示“生产”，应用名词production，不可数，作宾语。故填production。
50．考查介词。句意：该地区山地土壤为红土和砂壤土，有机质丰富，是发展绿色食品的理想之地。固定搭配in the region“在该地区”。故填in。
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