专题04 动词、动词短语和介词、介词短语
目录
01考情透视·目标导航 2
02知识导图·思维引航 3
03考点突破·考向探究 5
考点一 在语境中考查动词词义（关注得体性） 5
【真题研析】 5
考点二 在语境中考查动词短语的含义 7
【真题研析】 7
考点三 考查动词的熟词生义 8
【真题研析】 8
【核心精讲】 8
【命题预测】 13
考点四 考查介词基本含义和用法 14
【真题研析】 14
【核心精讲】 15
【命题预测】 15
考点五 考查特殊介词的含义和用法 16
【真题研析】 16
【核心精讲】 17
【命题预测】 24
考点六 考查介词短语的含义和用法 25
【真题研析】 25
【核心精讲】 26
【命题预测】 27
考点七 考查介词与其他词类的搭配 28
【真题研析】 28
【核心精讲】 28
【命题预测】 29
04 重难点突破 介词及介词短语基本知识的综合运用 30
动词、动词短语和介词、介词短语
考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析
在语境中考查动词词义（关注得体性） 熟练掌握①动词的基本词义；②通过语境选择恰当的动词 （2024·新高考I卷）41.won43.training 44.hated 59.close→closed （2024·新高考II卷）21.settle 22.struggle 23.string 24.praise 从近三年高考试题来看，试题以语法填空形式考查介词及介词短语， 以完形填空、阅读理解的形式考查学生对有关动词及动词短语含义辨析、动词的一词多义、熟词生义等，理解词义重在理解语境。 预计在2025年高考中，介词及介词短语将会出现在语法填空中，介词及短语的常考点。 动词及动词短语含义辨析将出现在完形填空和阅读理解中。动词及动词短语在完形填空和阅读理解中是必考点。
在语境中考查动词短语的含义 熟练掌握①动词短语的含义；②通过语境选择恰当的动词短语 （2024·新高考I卷）55.set goals for （2024·新高考II卷）42.come up with
考查动词的熟词生意 通过语境推断熟词生义的准确含义 (2024 新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解A) sensitive adj. 易受影响的；需保护的 (2024 新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B) practice n. 惯常做法 (2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)addressing v.处理；应对
考查介词基本含义和用法 介词的通用基本含义和用法是考试的重点 （2024·新高考I卷）63.as （2024·全国甲卷）47.for （2023 1月新高考浙江卷）as （2022 全国高考乙卷)by
考查特殊介词的含义和用法 熟练掌握常考特殊介词的含义及用法 (2021年浙江卷1月)by
考查介词短语的含义和用法 根据句子结构和语境正确判断并使用介词短语 (2024 新高考Ⅱ卷) 39.to （2023 新高考Ⅰ卷）by （2022年6月 浙江卷)at
考查介词与其他词类的搭配 主要考查动词+介词的动词短语 （2023 新高考Ⅱ卷）speak...with... （2022 新高考I卷) serve as... （2021年7月 浙江卷）buy ...for...
考点一 在语境中考查动词词义（关注得体性）
1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 21 , Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy, I 22 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 23 a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 24 my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language barrier.
21．A．study B．rent C．visit D．settle
22．A．planned B．struggled C．refused D．happened
23．A．string B．hang C．mix D．match
24．A．improved B．assessed C．admired D．praised
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢在法国旅行，但当谈到选择我最喜欢的定居地点时，意大利显然是赢家。A. study学习；B. rent出租；C. visit游览；D. settle定居。根据下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可推知，此处指作者最喜欢的定居地点。故选D。
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我第一次访问意大利时，我很难问路或在餐馆点餐。A. planned计划；B. struggled斗争、吃力地进行；C. refused拒绝；D. happened出现、发生。根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. string串起、连成一串；B. hang悬挂；C. mix混合；D. match配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选A。
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. improved改进；B. assessed评估；C. admired钦佩；D. praised赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选D。
2．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ____41____ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running regularly, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was ____43____ for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I ____44____ it! Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only reason I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit
43. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training
44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候，一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A. knew知道；B. held抓住；C. won赢得；D. quit退出。根据后文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。故选C。
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为“超级”马拉松训练，指的是52.4英里的双马拉松。A. asking要求；B. looking看；C. waiting等待；D. training训练。根据后文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练，符合语境。故选D。
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我讨厌它!A. made制作；B. believed相信；C. hated讨厌；D. deserved值得。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“Between the girl making my_________seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。故选C。
根据语境判断选择正确的动词
(1)从句子或语境的整体入手，选择恰当的动词;
(2)熟悉四个动词的使用具体情景。
考点二 在语境中考查动词短语的含义
1.(2024 新高考Ⅰ卷) I’ve matured a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever ____55____ I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
55. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经开始接受这样一个事实：无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的。A. limits限制；B. dates日期；C. goals目标；D. tests测试。根据后文“I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的”，符合语境。故选C。
本题本质上不是考的名词辨析而是通过动词短语及语境来确定正确选项。此处是：set goals for myself意为：给自己设定目标。这样很快就找到了答案。
2.(2024 新高考Ⅱ卷) Each town has its own traditional dish, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families gather for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can ____32____. These meals are always accompanied by laughter and joy.
32. A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析，句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. put up with克服；B. stand up for支持；C. come up with想出；D. make up for弥补。根据上文“whatever other excuses they can”可推知，此处指家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出的理由。故选C。
考点三 考查动词的熟词生意
推断划线部分动词的意思
1.(2024 新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解A) Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
【答案】adj. 易受影响的；需保护的
【解析】考查熟词生意。句意：栖息地恢复团队的志愿者在恢复易受影响的资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
2.(2024 新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B) Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.
【答案】n. 惯常做法
【解析】考查熟词生意。句意：然后他尝试了针灸，一种中国古老的疗法，他惊讶于两三次治疗后病情有所进步。
3.(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
【答案】v.处理；应对
【解析】考查熟词生意。句意：卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔的这本吸引人的新书是一个实用的路线图，解决了即将到来的人工智能革命所带来的挑战。
1．动词与其他词类的相互转换：变动词的前缀和后缀
（1）前缀en-
able→enable使能够large→enlarge 扩大rich→enrich 使充实；使丰富danger→endanger 危及
courage→encourage鼓励
（2）后缀-en
【高频再现】broad→broaden使变宽ripe→ripen使成熟sharp→sharpen使尖锐wide→widen加宽short→shorten变短deep→deepen加深dark→darken使变暗hard→harden使变硬soft→soften使缓和；使变柔软damp→dampen抑制；使潮湿fright→frighten使害怕threat→threaten威胁
（3）后缀-ify
class→classify把……分类just→justify证明……正确simple→simplify简化beauty→beautify美化identity→identify识别quality→qualify使具有资格。
（4）后缀-ize
【易错提醒】apology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize强调memory→memorize记住real→realize认识到；实现modern→modernize使现代化。
2．常考的动词熟词生意
1. visibility【熟义】n.能见度【生义】n.关注度；知名度
(2024新课标II卷语法填空) Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility.
2. greens【熟义】adj.绿色的【生义】n.绿叶菜
(2024新课标卷II阅读C篇) The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
3. introduce【熟义】v.介绍【生义】v.使初次了解/尝试
(2024新课标II卷阅读A篇) This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.
4. leaf 熟义：叶，叶子；纸页，书页 【生义】翻页
(2024新课标I卷阅读七选五)I can leaf through with my fingers
5. original【熟义】adj.最初的 【生义】adj.原创的
(2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
6. pose【熟义】n.姿势【生义】v.提出
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
7. piece【熟义】n.碎片【生义】n.文章，报道
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
8. point【熟义】v.指向【生义】n.观点
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇) Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI — the technology companies and world leaders — so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it.
9. power【熟义】n.力量【生义】v.驱动
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇) In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI ...
10. promise【熟义】v.承诺【生义】v.有……的希望；有……的可能
(2024新课标II卷阅读A篇) With environmentalist Eanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour.
11. print【熟义】n.印刷 【生义】n.印刷品；出版物
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
12. property【熟义】n.资产【生义】n.性质，特性
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties.
13. role【熟义】n.角色 【生义】n.作用
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print.
14. roll【熟义】v.滚动【生义】v.行驶
(2024新课标I卷读后续写) Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station.
15. say【熟义】v.说【生义】v.比方说
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.
16. sensitive 熟义：敏感的 【生义】易受影响的；需保护的
(2024新课标I卷阅读A篇) …play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species.
17. skip【熟义】v.跳过【生义】v.避开；不做
(2024新课标II卷七选五) Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.
18. side【熟义】n.一边【生义】n.一面；方面
(2024新课标II卷七选五) You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place.
19. sleep 熟义：睡眠 生义：死，长眠
(2024新课标I卷阅读B篇)…she was prepared to put him to sleep.
20. slower【熟义】adj.缓慢的【生义】adj.冷清的
(2024新课标II卷七选五)You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
21. address【熟义】n.地址【生义】v.处理；应对
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
22. call【熟义】v.打电话【生义】n.请求；呼吁
(2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest.
23. chief熟义：最重要的；首要的；主要的【生义】首席的
(2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) …says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit
24. closely【熟义】adv.紧密地，密切地【生义】adv.仔细地
(2024全国甲卷完形填空)She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening closely.
25. condition【熟义】n.状况 【生义】n. 疾病
(2024新课标I卷阅读B篇) Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.
26. cover【熟义】v.覆盖 【生义】①v.报道②v.涉及，处理③v.走完(一段路程)
①(2024新课标I卷听力) Jonson began writing about sports as a second year student at the University of Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper.
②(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material
③(2024新课标II卷阅读C篇) However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.
27. draw【熟义】v.画【生义】v.吸引
(2024新课标II卷七选五) Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.
28. enter【熟义】v.进入【生义】v.报名参加
(2024新课标I卷完形填空) I got a good bike and rode a lot. I dreamed of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.
29. favor【熟义】n.帮助；恩惠【生义】v.偏袒，特别照顾
(2024全国甲卷完形填空) Like in typical families, where boys were favored much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do housework.
30. favorite【熟义】adj.最喜爱的【生义】n.最喜欢的东西
(2024新课标I卷语法填空) These plants included modern Western favorites such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
31. solid【熟义】adj.固体的【生义】adj.可靠的
(2024新课标II卷阅读C篇) While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
32. tell【熟义】v.告诉；告知【生义】v.辨别，识别
(2024全国甲卷阅读B篇) That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like.
33. throw【熟义】v.投；掷；抛【生义】v.把……拉制成坯
(2024全国甲卷阅读A篇) Wheel Throwing
34. translate【熟义】v.翻译 【生义】v.(使)转变
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)... but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.
35. geography【熟义】n.地理【生义】n.布局
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages.
3．常考的完形填空动词词汇
arrange v.安排interrupt v.打断；打扰；中断；阻碍matter v.关系；要紧judge判断； know知道；熟悉，了解cause引起； observe观察； ride骑；漂浮； strike打击reason推理； talk谈话； compete竞争； train培训help帮助； understand理解defeat打败； please使高兴； respect尊敬； assist帮助force强迫； transform转换；改造；彻底改变； persuade劝说；put放。shine照耀；发光；fly飞行； dance跳舞；score得分view看待；appear出现； matter重要follow跟随； organize组织； watch观看； lead带领；领先clarify分类； defend打败； win赢得； demand要求prove证明； happen碰巧； show展示wait等待；offer提供、主动提出； hurry匆忙； fail失败feed喂养； follow跟随；change改变；load装载call打电话； join加入； leave离开 serve服务return返回； fight打仗； fly飞； agree同意
1.（2025·四川省宜宾市高三上学期一诊）
Being a young adult, I was constantly struggling to find my place in the world. I had just graduated from college and was 21 the tough reality of entering the workforce. The job market was competitive and I often found myself afraid of the daily job hunt.
21．A．facing B．expecting C．doubting D．choosing
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我刚从大学毕业，正面临着进入职场的严峻现实。A. facing面对；B. expecting期待；C. doubting怀疑；D. choosing选择。根据下文“the tough reality of entering the workforce”可知，此处是指面对进入职场的严峻现实。故选A。
2.（2025·安徽省五校联）It’s 11 a. m. on a glowing Perth day and I’m walking my black Labrador by the river. She 21 the neat grass edging the footpath. A glimpse of the bottlenose dolphins that call this river home would 22 my day. That’s when I suddenly think of my son, Alex.
21．A．tastes B．sniffs C．touches D．barks
22．A．fill B．enrich C．have D．make
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她嗅着沿着人行道整齐修剪的草。A. tastes尝；B. sniffs嗅；C. touches触摸；D. barks吠叫。根据上文“It’s 11 a. m. on a glowing Perth day and I’m walking my black Labrador by the river.”可知，我带着我的黑色拉布拉多犬在河边散步，狗通常会用鼻子嗅闻草地。故选B。
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到那些把这条河当作家园的宽吻海豚会让我这一天变得特别美好。A. fill充满；B. enrich丰富；C. have拥有；D. make制造。短语make one’s day译为“使某人感到很开心或满足”，看了一眼河里的宽吻海豚，作者很高兴。故选D。
3.（2024九省联考）Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground; membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators.
【答案】起作用，正常工作，运转
【解析】考查熟词生义。句意：鹦鹉在地上进食时最容易受伤；一个群体的成员在确保它们的安全和提高它们躲避捕食者攻击的生存机会方面起着重要的作用。
4.（2024九省联考）Soiling his clothes, working on a hot September afternoon, this man saved a college student from disaster, just because she could have been his daughter.
【答案】弄脏
【解析】考查熟词生义。句意：在九月一个炎热的下午，这个男人弄脏着衣服，从灾难中救了一名大学生，只是因为她本可以是他的女儿。
考点四 考查介词基本含义和用法
1.(2024 新高考Ⅰ卷) The Glasshouse stands 63 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意：“玻璃屋”是当代设计的一个伟大成果，容纳了来自中国西南部的植物。建筑位于公园内一条小路的末端，这条小路追溯了丝路沿线，各种植物品种正是沿此线从其亚洲原生地来到英国，并由此定义了英国园艺的丰富性。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。
2.（2024·全国甲卷）They wondered out loud. This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 47 all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。
3.（2023 1月新高考浙江卷）Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history ________ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.
【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。
4.（2022 全国高考乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ______ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
【答案】 by
【解析】考查介词。句意：2019年11月27日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
高考中考查介词基本用法的次数较多，解决介词基本用法要注意：
①熟悉常用介词的基本含义，总结它们的共性特点。
②准确理解句子的意思，根据句意确定使用恰当的介词。。
介词的基本含义总结
(1)in表示情况、状态，意为“处在……中”；表示手段、形式、方式，意为“以，用”；表示服饰，意为“穿着，戴着”；表示范围、领域，意为“在……方面”。
(2)with表示状态，意为“带有，具有”；表示手段、方法，意为“以，用”；表示关系，意为“和……在一起”；表示伴随，意为“随着”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。
(3)by用于被动语态，意为“被，由”；表示方式，意为“用，靠，凭借”；表示乘用交通工具，意为“乘坐，驾驶”。
(4)for表示方向，意为“往，向”；表示对象、用途等，意为“为，给”；表示时间、距离、数量等，意为“计，达”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。
(5)through表示位置，意为“穿过”；表示时间，意为“在整个期间，自始至终”；表示手段、媒介，意为“以，凭借”。
1.（2025·海南省海口市高三摸底）The Dragon Boat Festival commemorates the death of Qu Yuan, a Chu state official and poet who lived during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) ______ the reunification of China under the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC).
【答案】before
【解析】考查介词。句意：端午节是为了纪念屈原的去世，屈原是楚国的一位官员和诗人，他生活在战国时期（公元前475-221年），后来中国被秦朝统一（公元前221-206年）。此处表示“在秦朝统一中国之前发生的事情 ”用before，构成介词短语。故填before。
2.（2025·湖北省重点高中智学联盟高三联考）Then they cut a channel Mount Yulei to discharge the excess water.
【答案】through
【解析】考查介词。句意：然后他们在玉垒山开凿一条通道，排出多余的水。根据句意以及空后Mount Yulei为名词可知，此处为介词through“通过，穿过”，满足句意要求。故填through。
3.（2025·广东省茂名市区域高三联考）Another significant tradition is the Zhuang people’s dietary habits. Their cuisine usually uses fresh, locally-sourced ingredients, vegetables, grains and herbs.
【答案】like
【解析】考查介词。句意：他们的饮食通常使用新鲜的本地食材，如蔬菜、谷物和草药。根据空后“vegetables, grains and herbs”可知，空处需用介词like“例如”，表示举例说明。故填like。
考点五 考查特殊介词的含义和用法
1.（2021浙江卷1月）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ________ 2. 1 in women and men.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意：研究发现，1985年至2017年间，农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”；increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值（18.5-23.9）可知，increase by符合语境，此处by表示“差值”。故填by。
2.（2015·浙江）3. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea
A. about B. to C. with D. over
【答案】 B
【解析】句意：你是否有听说过树是陆上动物和海上动物的家？home to sth 固定搭配，是什么的家园的意思。该句是一个疑问句，其中还含有一个定语从句。比如这个句子转化为陈述句应该是You have ever heard of the trees that are homes _______ animals both on land and sea 然后把定语从句单独拿出来看将会是trees are homes _______ animals both on land and sea. 根据固定搭配自然知道答案是to。
在高考二轮复习中，一定要把常用特殊介词的含义重点强化一下，不留知识的死角。总结常用的特殊介词，在例句中掌握它们的含义和用法。
特殊介词的含义
（1）with的用法
①与…（在）一起
I went on holiday with my friend. 我跟我朋友一起去度假。
②[表带有或拥有]有；带有；具有；随身带着
He is a man with a hot temper. 他是一个脾气暴躁的人。
China is a very large country with a long history. 中国是一个具有历史悠久的大国。
③[表方式、手段或工具]以；用
He caught the ball with his left hand. 他用左手接球。
She wrote the letter with a pencil. 她用铅笔写那封信。
①用英语说：speak in English
②用钢笔写：write in ink
③用现金/美元支付：pay in cash/dollar。
④[表材料或内容]以；用
The road is paved with stones. 这条路用石头铺砌。
⑤[表状态]在…的情况下；…地
He can read French with ease. 他能轻易地读法文。
I finished my homework though with difficulty. 虽然有困难，我还是做完了功课。
注：用于此意时，with多与某些抽象名词连用时，其作用相当于一个副词。如：
with care=carefully 认真地
with kindness=kindly 亲切地
with joy=joyfully 高兴地
with anger=angrily 生气地
with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲伤地
with delight=delightedly 高兴地
with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地
⑥ [表让步]尽管，虽然
With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱，他并不快乐。
With all his efforts, he lost the match. 虽然尽了全力，他还是输了那场比赛。
⑦[表条件]若是；如果
With your permission, I’ll go. 你若同意，我就去。
表示条件时，根据情况可与虚拟语气连用。如：
With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是钱多一点，我就买得起了。
With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是设备好些，我们完成这项工作还要快些。
⑧[表原因或理由]因为；由于(某种感情而使某人有某种表现或行为)
Gil was white and trembling with anger.吉尔气得脸色煞白，浑身发抖。
She trembled with cold.他冻得发抖。
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.听到这个消息，他高兴得跳起来。
He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。
Her face became red with embarrassment.她因为难为情而脸红。
Her face burned with shame.她的脸因为羞愧而发烫。
⑨[表时间]当…的时候；在…之后；随后
With that remark, he left. 他说了那话就离开了。
With daylight I hurried there to see what had happened. 天一亮我就去那儿看发生了什么事。
⑩[表同时或随同]随着；跟着（…的变化而变化）
The risk of developing heart disease increases with the number of cigarettes smoked.吸食香烟的数量越多，患心脏病的风险就越大。
Blood pressure decreases with exercise.血压随着锻炼而降低。
The girl seemed to be growing prettier with each day. 那女孩好像长得一天比一天漂亮。
with和as均可表示“随着”，但前者是介词，后者是连词。如：
He will improve as he grows older. 随着年龄的增长，他会进步的。
People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 时代变了，人们的观念也会变化。
[表伴随或附带情况]与…同时
Michelle had fallen asleep with her head against his shoulder.米歇尔睡着了，头靠在他的肩上。
I slept with the window open. 我开着窗户睡觉。
Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。
赞成；同意
I am with you there. 在那点上我同你意见一致。
[表对象或关系]对…（怀有某种感情）；关于；就…而言；对…来说
He is pleased with his new house. 他对他的新房子很满意。
The teacher was very angry with him. 老师对他很生气。
It’s the same with us students. 我们学生也是这样。
[表对立或敌对]对立；反对
The dog was fighting with the cat. 狗在同猫打架。
He’s always arguing with his brother. 他老是跟他弟弟争论。
与（风、水流等）方向一致；顺着…（反义词：against）
sail with the wind顺风驶船
swim with the tide顺着潮流游泳
伴着（声音或手势）；带着（表情）
With a sigh, she leant back and closed her eyes.她叹了口气，身体向后倚靠，闭上了眼睛。
The front door closed with a crash behind him.前门在他身后砰的一声关上了。
（2）against
①反对（反义词for）
Are you for or against the plan 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢
There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him. 有20票赞成他，12票反对他。
②违背，违抗，违反
What you have done is against the law. 所做的事情是违法的。
Jane married Jack against her own will. 简与杰克结婚，违背了自己的意愿。
③紧靠；倚
The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。
He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。
④迎着；逆着
You should fly your kite against the wind. 你应该迎着风放风筝。
We are sailing against the wind.(with the wind表示“顺风”) 我们的船正在逆风行驶。
⑤撞击，碰着
The rain was beating against the windows. 雨点拍打着窗户。
Tom hit his head against a tree in the dark.黑暗中汤姆的头撞在一棵树上。
⑥映衬；相映；对照【高频再现】
The red flag looks very bright against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。
The little red house looks so beautiful against the green woods. 那座红色的小屋在翠绿的森林衬托下显得很美。
⑦不利于
an evidence against him 一个对他不利的证据
（3）by
①到…为止；不迟于
They had finished the work by the end of last week. 到上周末他们已完成了工作。
Maybe she has come back by now. 或许到现在为止她已经回来了。
I’ll have arrived by five o’clock this afternoon. 我最迟在今天下午5点前到这里。
【注】by后接表示过去的时间状语时，多与过去完成时连用；后接now时，多与现在完成时连用；后接表示将来的时间状语时，多与将来完成时或一般将来时连用（尤其谓语是be动词时）。
②按…计算；按…买(卖)（后接单数可数名词，名词其前要用定冠词 the；若后接抽象名词，则通常不用冠词）。如：
They are paid by the hour (by the month). 他们所得报酬按小时(月)计。
As we all know, the luggage is charged by weight.众所周知，行李是按重量收费的。
The parking here is charged by time.这里停车按时间收费。
③乘/坐…（by+交通工具、交通方式名词。名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。
by bus 乘公共汽车；by bike 骑自行车；by train 乘火车；by plane 乘飞机；by taxi 乘出租车；by ship 坐轮船；by air 乘飞机；by water 走水路；by land 走陆路
但是，若表示交通工具的名词前插有定语修饰语，则也可以用冠词。如：
We’re going by the 9:30 train. 我们坐9:30的火车去。
We went to Shanghai by a large ship.我们乘一艘大船去上海。
④凭；靠（后接动名词表示行为的方式或手段）
He makes a living by teaching.他以教书为生。
Lock this door by turning the key twice to the left.锁这扇门要把钥匙向左转两圈。
⑤表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分（by+身体部位名词或衣服名词）
Suddenly she caught him by the ear. 突然间她抓住了他的耳朵。
The policeman took the thief by the hand. 警察抓住了小偷的手。
⑥表升降、增减的程度（by+数量词）
The number of the students has increased by one-third.学生数量增加了三分之一。
She’s taller than her younger brother by two inches.她比她小弟高两英寸。
⑦在…旁边
Come and sit by me.过来坐在我的旁边。
⑧从看；依；按照
By the way, what time is it by your watch 顺便问一下，你的表几点了
（4）through
①从…中通过；贯穿，穿过（强调从物体内部透过）
The journey through the jungle was perilous.穿过丛林的旅行充满了危险。
The sunshine comes in through the window. 阳光透过窗户照进来。
②通过，凭借（方法手段）
You can only achieve success through hard work.你得孜孜不倦方能成功。
③由于，因为
The thought of someone suffering through a mistake of mine makes me shiver. 想到有人因为我犯的错误而吃苦头，我就不寒而栗。
④自始至终；从头到尾/底
We'll be in New York Monday through Friday.我们从周一至周五将一直待在纽约。
They will continue construction through the winter months. 他们整个冬季将继续施工。
We worked through the night. 我们通宵的工作。
⑤经受；经历
The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。
She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。
（5）for
①因为；由于
Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。
He is famous for his poems. 他因为他的诗出名。
For several reasons, I’d rather not meet her. 由于种种原因，我宁愿不见她。
②（表示目的地或方向）向；前往
They’ll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。
Is this the train for Shanghai 这是开往上海的火车吗？
③支持；赞成（反义词：against）
Are you for or against the plan？你是支持还是反对这个计划？
I’m all for the young enjoying themselves. 我完全赞成年轻人多玩玩。
④就…而言；相对…来说（表示相对来说不寻常）
He’s done well for a beginner. 作为新手，他干得很好。
He is heavy for a small boy. 作为一个小男孩而言，他的身体算重的了。
The day is cool for July. 在7月里这样的日子算是凉快的了。
⑤对于；至于；关于
For her, books were as necessary to life as bread.对她来说，书就像面包一样，是生活必需品。
It would be excellent experience for him to travel a little.对他来说，偶尔出去旅游会是很不错的经历。
⑥(表示时间、距离、数量)持续，达
For a few minutes she sat on her bed watching the clock..她坐在床上盯着时钟看了几分钟。
We drove on for a few miles.我们继续往前开了几公里。
⑦（表示目的或功能）为了；用于
They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。
What did you do that for 你干吗这样做？
This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。
⑧（表示对象）为了，给，对于
Here is a letter for you. 这是你的信。
Isn't that enough for you .那对你来说不够吗？
⑨ (与不定式连用引出逻辑上的主语)
Is there any need for me to go 我有没有必要去？
It is a great pity for him to leave here so soon. 他这么快就离开这里真是遗憾。
It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone. 小孩子自己过马路很危险。
（6）from
① (表示时间)从…起，始于
She is singing from morning to night. 她从早唱到晚。
②(表示范围或状态)从…(到…)
He ran all the way home from school. 他从学校一路跑回家。
Unemployment has fallen from 7.5% to 7.2%.失业率从 7.5％降到7.2％。
③ (表示距离)离(某处)…
Our school is two miles from the station. 我们学校离车站两英里。
④（表示来源）来自；出自
He comes from Shanghai. 他来自上海。
⑤ (用于 protect, free, keep, prevent 等动词后)免于，阻止，防止
The pill will relieve you from pain. 这药丸将使你免受痛苦。
⑥(表示区别、比较)
He is old enough to know right from wrong. 他已长大,能够辨别是非了。
I can’t tell one twin from the other. 我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。
⑦(表示原料) 由…(制成)
Flour is made from wheat. 面粉由小麦制成。
⑧（表示原因）因为,由于
He wasn't ill; he stayed in bed from laziness. 他没病,躺在床上是因懒惰之故。
He is trembling from fear. 他吓得发抖
⑨(表判断、观点)由(…来看)，根据(…来判断)
From her looks you would say she was about twenty. 从她的模样看，你会说她约摸20岁。
The expression on his face changed from sympathy to surprise.他脸上的表情从同情变为惊讶。
（7）under
①[表示位置]在…下面；在…下方；在…底下
She sat very still under the tree.她在树底下静静地坐着。
All this happened under his eyes.这一切都发生在他的眼皮底下。
②[表示年龄或数量]低于；在…以下
Many children under five go to nursery school.5岁以下的许多儿童都上幼儿园。
The watch cannot be sold for under 100 yuan.这块表低于100元不卖。
The total is under what was expected.总数低于预计数。
③[表示从属关系、影响所及] 在（…领导）下；在（…影响）下；在（…统治）之下
He's very much under the influence of the older boys.那些比他大的男孩对他影响很大。
The army is under the command of General Smith.这支部队由史密斯将军指挥。
He kept the situation under control.他把情势控制下来。
④[尤指一层衣服]在的里面（或底下)
I was wearing two sweaters under the green army jacket.我在绿军装里套了两件毛线衫。
He had no shirt on under his thin jumper.他在薄套头衫里面没有穿衬衣。
He wore a vest under his jacket. 他在夹克里穿了件背心。
⑤在（…状况或条件）下
His best friend was killed by police under extremely questionable circumstances.他最好的朋友在极其可疑的情况下被警察打死了。
Under normal conditions, only about 20 to 40 per cent of vitamin E is absorbed.正常情况下，仅有20%到40%的维生素E会被吸收。
The car is under repair. 这辆汽车在修理中。
⑥用（…之名）；以（…的名义）；假借（…之名）
He never wrote under his real name.他从来不用真名实姓写作。
The patient was registered under a false name.那位患者挂号时用了假名。
（8）upon
①在…上
He set the tray upon the table.他把盘子放在桌子上。
He bent forward and laid a kiss softly upon her forehead.他弯身向前，在她额头上轻轻一吻。
She sat upon the sofa.她坐在沙发上。
②一…即…；一…就…
Upon seeing her, I smiled and ran toward her.一看到她，我就笑了并跑了过去。
Upon his arrival at Qinhuangdao, he gave me a ring.他已到达秦皇岛就给我打了电话。
③将要发生；马上来临
The long-threatened storm was upon us.酝酿多时的暴风雨就要向我们袭来。
The wedding season is upon us.结婚旺季就要来了。
【短语】
once upon a time很久以前
look down upon瞧不起
upon my word 的确；我发誓
1.（2025·重庆巴蜀中学高考适应性月考卷（二））The Panda Ridge habitat where the pair will live is four times larger than the previous panda enclosure, the zoo said, and takes cues (仿效) from China’s landscape, features imitating canyons, mountains and cliffs.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。句意：动物园表示，熊猫岭将是这对熊猫的栖息地，比之前的熊猫栖息地大四倍，并以中国的景观为灵感，模仿了峡谷、山脉和悬崖的特征。此处构成with复合结构即是with+宾语+doing的结构。此处现在分词作宾补。故填with。
2.Not only the students but also the teacher was ________ the plan at that time.
【答案】against/for
【解析】考查介词。句意：当时不仅学生而且老师都反对/赞成这项计划。故填against/for。
3.The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, __________ valleys until at last it reaches the sea.
【答案】 through
【解析】考查介词。句意：长城自西向东蜿蜒而行，穿过沙漠，越过高山，穿过山谷，最后到达大海。根据句意，这里应表示：从山谷中穿过。故填through。
考点六 考查介词短语的含义和用法
1. (2024 新高考Ⅱ卷) “Some of the things that Tang was writing about were also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___39___ Romeo and Juliet.”
【答案】 to
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。故填to。
2.（2023 新高考Ⅰ卷）There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rolled.
【答案】by
【解析】考查介词。句意:在那里你会发现它们的准备方式有所不同——更多的饺子和少许的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。此处为固定短语by hand“用手”。
3．（2023 全国乙卷）Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout,with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意:从佛寺到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史,甚至连它的布局都是如此,这座城市保存了其精心建造的环路系统。根据空前from Buddhist temples to museums可知,空前的narrow hutong前省略介词from,故本空应用介词to。
4.（2022年6月 浙江卷) Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ______ age seven.
【答案】at
【解析】考查介词。句意：Luc Gandarias今年13岁，7岁时突然失明。表示在多大年龄时，用介词at。故填at。
注意总结一些介词短语的含义和用法：
at the age of 5;at age 5;at 5在5岁时 at one’s service随时为某人服务；听凭某人的吩咐
at (the) sight of当看到……时 at first sight乍一看；初看起来
by chance/accident偶然；碰巧 by mistake错误地；无意地
by far最；……得多 by hand用手；用体力
for sale出售的；待售的for free免费地 for nothing免费的；白费地。
常考的介词短语
①at＋名词
at a loss不知所措at dinner在吃晚餐at peace处于和平状态at dawn在黎明at war在战争中at work在工作
②其他高频介词短语
against time 争分夺秒at the sight of 一看到……at the age of在……岁时in the face of 面对；面临in addition (to)另外；除了in case of 万一in charge of负责；主管in favour of赞成；支持in need of 需要in no time立刻in a hurry匆忙in preparation for为……作准备in return for作为回报of help/use 有帮助的/有用的of importance重要的on behalf of代表
③by＋名词
by accident偶然地by chance偶然地by force用暴力by hand手工地by mistake错误地by the month按月算
④beyond＋名词
beyond comparison无与伦比beyond control失控beyond description难以描述beyond doubt毋庸置疑beyond expression 难以表达beyond (one's) reach够不到
⑤in＋名词
in bed在床上；卧床in danger处于危险中in debt负债in difficulty 处于困难中in high spirits情绪高昂in need处于困难中in order 整齐；井然有序in surprise 吃惊地in trouble 在困难中in use使用中
⑥on＋名词
on a trip在旅行on business出差on display/show在展出on duty在值班on holiday/vacation在度假on sale在出售on strike在罢工on the way在途中
⑦out of＋名词
out of balance失去平衡out of control失去控制out of danger 脱离危险out of date过期out of order出故障out of work失业
⑧under＋名词
under consideration在考虑中under construction在建造中under control在控制之下under discussion在讨论中under pressure在压力下under repair在修理中under treatment在治疗中
1.（2025·河北省石家庄市第二中学高三月考）In the Chinese section, the average daily number of passenger trains has increased 35 at the beginning of the line’s operation in late 2021 to 51.
【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。句意：在中国段，客运列车的平均日数量已从2021年底线路运营初期的35列增加到51列。from...to...是固定搭配，表示“从……到……”。故填from。
2.（2025·东北三省三校联考）However, despite these apparent differences, both cultures have something in common: their festivals are all in celebration life and the pursuit of happiness. Western festivals like Thanksgiving and Halloween, which have religious origins, have gradually developed into occasions for family gatherings, gratitude sharing and creative expressions.
【答案】of
【解析】考查介词。句意：然而，尽管存在这些明显的差异，两种文化都有一些共同点：他们的节日都是为了庆祝生命和追求幸福。in celebration of是固定短语，意为“为了庆祝”，因此空格处用介词of，故填of。
3.（2025·安徽省芜湖市第一中学教学质量诊断）During the Qing Dynasty, the drums were also played on the New Year’s Eve of the lunar calendar at the imperial palace. consequence, the performance also became known as the “New Year Drum” by Beijingers.
【答案】In
【解析】考查介词。句意：因此，这场演出也被北京人称为“新年大鼓”。in consequence是固定短语，意为“结果；因此”，置于句首首字母应大写。故填In。
考点七 考查介词与其他词类的搭配
1.（2023 新高考Ⅱ卷）And who do they speak English
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。句意:他们和谁说英语 speak English with sb意为“和/对某人说英语”,故本空应用介词with。
2.（2022 新高考I卷) Giant pandas also serve ______ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
【答案】as
【解析】考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语：serve as (充当)。故填as。
3.（2021年7月 浙江卷）Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ______ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯 德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯 德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知，此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格，意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
常考动词的固定结构和搭配
①★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋of＋sth.”结构的常见动词有：
accuse控告 cheat欺骗cure治愈 inform通知remind使想起 rob抢劫
warn警告 rid使摆脱suspect怀疑 persuade说服convince使信服
②★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋for＋sth.”结构的常见动词有：
blame责备 criticize批评forgive原谅 excuse原谅pardon原谅 punish惩罚
scold责备 thank感谢praise赞扬 respect尊重admire钦佩；赞赏
③★★★ 用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋from＋(doing) sth.”结构的常见动词有：
prevent阻止stop阻止keep阻止protect保护preserve保护；保存 defend保卫ban禁止prohibit阻止；禁止shelter保护
④常考的动词短语
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 result from 由……造成，因……而产生
call at访问(某地) add to增加
call for要求；需要 care about关心
end up with以……结束 fix one's eyes on 注视
give in屈服；上交 get rid of免除；摆脱
look down on/upon轻视；看不起 make use of利用
run out of用完 take pride in因……而自豪
live up to不辜负 come up with提出
take on呈现 put forward提出
put up with忍受 make fun of取笑
adapt to适应 refer to涉及；查阅；指的是
come across (偶然)遇见 pick up捡起；用车接(某人)；接收
1.（2025·河北省衡水中学第一次综合素养测评）It provides a time-travel experience for both an educational and artistic appeal. The journey begins a brief timeline of texts, photos and videos, showing how Sanxingdui was first discovered in the 1920s, when objects were found by farmers digging an irrigation ditch (灌溉沟渠); and it highlights the important moments in the past century’s continued archaeological efforts, to reveal the myths surrounding Sanxingdui and the secrets yet to be uncovered.
【答案】with
【解析】考查介词。句意：旅程从文字、照片和视频的简短时间轴开始，展示了三星堆是如何在20世纪20年代首次被发现的，当时农民在挖灌溉渠时发现了一些物品；它突出了过去一个世纪中考古工作的重要时刻，揭示了围绕三星堆的神话和尚未被揭开的秘密。固定短语begin with表示“以……开始”。故填with。
2. （2025·江苏省海门中学高三第一次调研）By organizing the festival, Fuzhou aims to promote excellent traditional culture, tell Chinese stories in a more engaging manner and carry out Chinese and foreign cultural exchanges and cooperation to draw domestic and global attention Tang Xianzu, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, thus increasing Chinese culture’s presence and influence.
【答案】to
【解析】考查介词。句意：福州通过举办汤显祖文化节，旨在弘扬优秀传统文化，更生动地讲述中国故事，开展中外文化交流与合作，吸引国内外对汤显祖的关注，提高中国文化的存在感和影响力。此处是固定搭配：draw attention to意为“引起对……的注意”。故填to。
3.（2025·广东省部分学校高三上学期8月大联考）The new species was named Oreocharis oriolus (黄鹂属)
the lively bird oriole, as its bright yellow flowers resemble the bird’s feather color.
【答案】after
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个新物种被命名为黄鹂属，以活泼的鸟类黄鹂命名，因为它明亮的黄色花朵与这种鸟的羽毛颜色相似。根据上文的named可知，此处用介词after构成固定短语name sb/sth after sb/sth，意为“以某人/某物的名字给某人/某物命名”。故填after。
04重难点突破 介词及介词短语基本知识的综合运用
介词及介词短语重难点突破：依据句式和搭配填介词
(1)与动词搭配，如： remind sb of sth“提醒某人某事”；rob sb of sth“抢劫某人某物”。
(2)与名词或代词搭配，如： by accident“偶然”；by oneself “靠自己”。
(3)与形容词搭配，如：be curious about“对……感到好奇”；be proud of “因……而自豪”。
(4)其他搭配，如：not ...until ...“直到……才……”；from ...to ...“从……到……”；between ...and ... “在……和……之间”。
（1）高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。
（2）语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对学生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。
（3）名词或动词-ing形式在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前一定填介词。介词可位于名词之前，如at night、on Sunday等；也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in、be good at等；还可位于不及物动词之后，如listen to、arrive at、look for等。
(1)及物动词后直接跟宾语时，无需再加介词。
(2)last、next等后跟名词表示时间时，无需加介词。
(3)不及物动词后跟宾语时，应加相应的介词。
(4)避免受汉语的影响。例如：“在……帮助下”的英语表达应为with the help of，而不是under the help of。
语法填空
（2025·广东省汕头市金山中学高三期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（标黄题号为本专题考点）
A century ago in the city of Shantou, nostalgia (念旧) drove successful overseas Chinese businessmen to return, invest and contribute to the development of its thriving downtown area of their hometown. The neatly 1 (plan) old town they helped create, with its row upon row of picturesque qilou, 2 (know) today as the Small Park historical area and bears witness to the city’s stories.
The city, also called Swatow by locals, became a treaty port (通商口岸) for foreign trade in 1860 3 the Small Park became a commercial center famous for its modern lifestyle. 4 (follow) the founding of New China in 1949, it became a busy, harmonious neighborhood, and since 1978, the city 5 (boom) as a result of reform and opening-up. 6 the passage of time, the old town’s prosperity faded as Shantou extended eastward, 7 many of those who grew up there and have cherished 8 (memory) of the area don’t want to leave it behind. Instead, they strive to keep its memory alive, taking up pens or lens 9 (ensure) that its former glory is told to both the city’s younger generation, and to the growing number of visitors. “The creation of the Small Park area is a 10 (reflect) of the city’s historical development.” says the deputy director of the culture, radio, television, tourism and sports bureau of Jinping district, where the qilou neighborhood is located.
【答案】
1．planned 2．is known 3．when 4．Following 5．has boomed 6．With 7．but 8．memories 9．to ensure 10．reflection
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汕头老街的历史发展与现状。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们帮助创建的规划整洁的老城区，一排排风景如画的钟楼，今天被称为小公园历史区，见证了这座城市的故事。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“_____(know)”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“town”和“plan”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“plan”的过去分词“planned”作定语。故填planned。
2．考查时态和语态。句意：他们帮助创建的规划整洁的老城区，一排排风景如画的钟楼，今天被称为小公园历史区，见证了这座城市的故事。根据句意可知，句子陈述的客观事实，“town”和“know”为被动关系，故句子应用一般现在时的被动语态，“town”和“is”连用，“know”的过去分词为“known”，故空格处应填“is known”。故填is known。
3．考查时间状语从句。句意：1860年，当小公园成为以现代生活方式闻名的商业中心时，这座城市也被当地人称为汕头，成为对外贸易的通商口岸。分析句子可知，句子为时间状语从句，结合句意可知，应用“when”引导从句，意为“当……时”，故空格处应用“when”。故填when。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：1949年新中国成立后，它成为一个繁忙、和谐的社区，自1978年以来，这座城市因改革开放而蓬勃发展。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“became”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“it”和“follow”为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用“follow”的现在分词“following”作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Following。
5．考查时态。句意：1949年新中国成立后，它成为一个繁忙、和谐的社区，自1978年以来，这座城市因改革开放而蓬勃发展。根据句意和句中“since 1978”可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在，“the city”和“has”连用，“boom”的过去分词为“boomed”，故空格处应填“has boomed”。故填has boomed。
6．考查介词。句意：随着时间的推移，随着汕头向东延伸，老城区的繁荣逐渐消退，但许多在那里长大并对该地区有着美好回忆的人不想把它抛在脑后。根据句意“随着时间的推移”可知，空格处应用介词“with”，意为“随着”，句首单词首字母大写。故填With。
7．考查连词。句意：随着时间的推移，随着汕头向东延伸，老城区的繁荣逐渐消退，但许多在那里长大并对该地区有着美好回忆的人不想把它抛在脑后。根据句意可知，“老城区的繁荣逐渐消退”和“许多在那里长大并对该地区有着美好回忆的人不想把它抛在脑后”为转折关系，故空格处应用连词“but”，表转折。故填but。
8．考查名词。句意：随着时间的推移，随着汕头向东延伸，老城区的繁荣逐渐消退，但许多在那里长大并对该地区有着美好回忆的人不想把它抛在脑后。分析句子可知，“cherished”为形容词，空格处应用名词，作宾语，空格处应用“memory”的复数形式“memories”，表示一类事物。故填memories。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，他们努力让人们记住这座城市，拿起笔或镜头，确保这座城市的年轻一代和越来越多的游客都能感受到它昔日的辉煌。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“strive”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“确保这座城市的年轻一代和越来越多的游客都能感受到它昔日的辉煌”是“拿起笔或镜头”的目的，故空格处应用不定式“to ensure”作目的状语。故填to ensure。
10．考查名词。句意：“小公园区的创建反映了这座城市的历史发展。”骑楼社区所在的金平区文化广电旅游体育局副局长说。分析句子可知，“a”后应用名词，作表语，“reflection”意为“反映”，为可数名词，“a”后应用可数名词单数。故填reflection。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题04 动词、动词短语和介词、介词短语
目录
01考情透视·目标导航 2
02知识导图·思维引航 3
03考点突破·考向探究 5
考点一 在语境中考查动词词义（关注得体性） 5
【真题研析】 5
考点二 在语境中考查动词短语的含义 6
【真题研析】 6
考点三 考查动词的熟词生义 6
【真题研析】 6
【核心精讲】 7
【命题预测】 11
考点四 考查介词基本含义和用法 12
【真题研析】 12
【核心精讲】 12
【命题预测】 13
考点五 考查特殊介词的含义和用法 13
【真题研析】 13
【核心精讲】 13
【命题预测】 21
考点六 考查介词短语的含义和用法 22
【真题研析】 22
【核心精讲】 22
【命题预测】 23
考点七 考查介词与其他词类的搭配 24
【真题研析】 24
【核心精讲】 24
【命题预测】 25
04 重难点突破 介词及介词短语基本知识的综合运用 25
动词、动词短语和介词、介词短语
考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析
在语境中考查动词词义（关注得体性） 熟练掌握①动词的基本词义；②通过语境选择恰当的动词 （2024·新高考I卷）41.won43.training 44.hated 59.close→closed （2024·新高考II卷）21.settle 22.struggle 23.string 24.praise 从近三年高考试题来看，试题以语法填空形式考查介词及介词短语， 以完形填空、阅读理解的形式考查学生对有关动词及动词短语含义辨析、动词的一词多义、熟词生义等，理解词义重在理解语境。 预计在2025年高考中，介词及介词短语将会出现在语法填空中，介词及短语的常考点。 动词及动词短语含义辨析将出现在完形填空和阅读理解中。动词及动词短语在完形填空和阅读理解中是必考点。
在语境中考查动词短语的含义 熟练掌握①动词短语的含义；②通过语境选择恰当的动词短语 （2024·新高考I卷）55.set goals for （2024·新高考II卷）42.come up with
考查动词的熟词生意 通过语境推断熟词生义的准确含义 (2024 新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解A) sensitive adj. 易受影响的；需保护的 (2024 新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B) practice n. 惯常做法 (2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)addressing v.处理；应对
考查介词基本含义和用法 介词的通用基本含义和用法是考试的重点 （2024·新高考I卷）63.as （2024·全国甲卷）47.for （2023 1月新高考浙江卷）as （2022 全国高考乙卷)by
考查特殊介词的含义和用法 熟练掌握常考特殊介词的含义及用法 (2021年浙江卷1月)by
考查介词短语的含义和用法 根据句子结构和语境正确判断并使用介词短语 (2024 新高考Ⅱ卷) 39.to （2023 新高考Ⅰ卷）by （2022年6月 浙江卷)at
考查介词与其他词类的搭配 主要考查动词+介词的动词短语 （2023 新高考Ⅱ卷）speak...with... （2022 新高考I卷) serve as... （2021年7月 浙江卷）buy ...for...
考点一 在语境中考查动词词义（关注得体性）
1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 21 , Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy, I 22 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 23 a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 24 my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language barrier.
21．A．study B．rent C．visit D．settle
22．A．planned B．struggled C．refused D．happened
23．A．string B．hang C．mix D．match
24．A．improved B．assessed C．admired D．praised
2．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ____41____ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running regularly, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was ____43____ for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I ____44____ it! Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only reason I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit
43. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training
44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved
根据语境判断选择正确的动词
(1)从句子或语境的整体入手，选择恰当的动词;
(2)熟悉四个动词的使用具体情景。
考点二 在语境中考查动词短语的含义
1.(2024 新高考Ⅰ卷) I’ve matured a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever ____55____ I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
55. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests
本题本质上不是考的名词辨析而是通过动词短语及语境来确定正确选项。此处是：set goals for myself意为：给自己设定目标。这样很快就找到了答案。
2.(2024 新高考Ⅱ卷) Each town has its own traditional dish, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families gather for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can ____32____. These meals are always accompanied by laughter and joy.
32. A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for
考点三 考查动词的熟词生意
推断划线部分动词的意思
1.(2024 新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解A) Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
【答案】
2.(2024 新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B) Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.
【答案】
3.(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
【答案】
1．动词与其他词类的相互转换：变动词的前缀和后缀
（1）前缀en-
able→enable使能够large→enlarge 扩大rich→enrich 使充实；使丰富danger→endanger 危及
courage→encourage鼓励
（2）后缀-en
【高频再现】broad→broaden使变宽ripe→ripen使成熟sharp→sharpen使尖锐wide→widen加宽short→shorten变短deep→deepen加深dark→darken使变暗hard→harden使变硬soft→soften使缓和；使变柔软damp→dampen抑制；使潮湿fright→frighten使害怕threat→threaten威胁
（3）后缀-ify
class→classify把……分类just→justify证明……正确simple→simplify简化beauty→beautify美化identity→identify识别quality→qualify使具有资格。
（4）后缀-ize
【易错提醒】apology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize强调memory→memorize记住real→realize认识到；实现modern→modernize使现代化。
2．常考的动词熟词生意
1. visibility【熟义】n.能见度【生义】n.关注度；知名度
(2024新课标II卷语法填空) Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility.
2. greens【熟义】adj.绿色的【生义】n.绿叶菜
(2024新课标卷II阅读C篇) The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
3. introduce【熟义】v.介绍【生义】v.使初次了解/尝试
(2024新课标II卷阅读A篇) This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.
4. leaf 熟义：叶，叶子；纸页，书页 【生义】翻页
(2024新课标I卷阅读七选五)I can leaf through with my fingers
5. original【熟义】adj.最初的 【生义】adj.原创的
(2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
6. pose【熟义】n.姿势【生义】v.提出
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
7. piece【熟义】n.碎片【生义】n.文章，报道
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
8. point【熟义】v.指向【生义】n.观点
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇) Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI — the technology companies and world leaders — so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it.
9. power【熟义】n.力量【生义】v.驱动
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇) In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI ...
10. promise【熟义】v.承诺【生义】v.有……的希望；有……的可能
(2024新课标II卷阅读A篇) With environmentalist Eanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour.
11. print【熟义】n.印刷 【生义】n.印刷品；出版物
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
12. property【熟义】n.资产【生义】n.性质，特性
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties.
13. role【熟义】n.角色 【生义】n.作用
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print.
14. roll【熟义】v.滚动【生义】v.行驶
(2024新课标I卷读后续写) Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station.
15. say【熟义】v.说【生义】v.比方说
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.
16. sensitive 熟义：敏感的 【生义】易受影响的；需保护的
(2024新课标I卷阅读A篇) …play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species.
17. skip【熟义】v.跳过【生义】v.避开；不做
(2024新课标II卷七选五) Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.
18. side【熟义】n.一边【生义】n.一面；方面
(2024新课标II卷七选五) You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place.
19. sleep 熟义：睡眠 生义：死，长眠
(2024新课标I卷阅读B篇)…she was prepared to put him to sleep.
20. slower【熟义】adj.缓慢的【生义】adj.冷清的
(2024新课标II卷七选五)You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
21. address【熟义】n.地址【生义】v.处理；应对
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
22. call【熟义】v.打电话【生义】n.请求；呼吁
(2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest.
23. chief熟义：最重要的；首要的；主要的【生义】首席的
(2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) …says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit
24. closely【熟义】adv.紧密地，密切地【生义】adv.仔细地
(2024全国甲卷完形填空)She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening closely.
25. condition【熟义】n.状况 【生义】n. 疾病
(2024新课标I卷阅读B篇) Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.
26. cover【熟义】v.覆盖 【生义】①v.报道②v.涉及，处理③v.走完(一段路程)
①(2024新课标I卷听力) Jonson began writing about sports as a second year student at the University of Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper.
②(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material
③(2024新课标II卷阅读C篇) However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.
27. draw【熟义】v.画【生义】v.吸引
(2024新课标II卷七选五) Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.
28. enter【熟义】v.进入【生义】v.报名参加
(2024新课标I卷完形填空) I got a good bike and rode a lot. I dreamed of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.
29. favor【熟义】n.帮助；恩惠【生义】v.偏袒，特别照顾
(2024全国甲卷完形填空) Like in typical families, where boys were favored much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do housework.
30. favorite【熟义】adj.最喜爱的【生义】n.最喜欢的东西
(2024新课标I卷语法填空) These plants included modern Western favorites such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
31. solid【熟义】adj.固体的【生义】adj.可靠的
(2024新课标II卷阅读C篇) While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
32. tell【熟义】v.告诉；告知【生义】v.辨别，识别
(2024全国甲卷阅读B篇) That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like.
33. throw【熟义】v.投；掷；抛【生义】v.把……拉制成坯
(2024全国甲卷阅读A篇) Wheel Throwing
34. translate【熟义】v.翻译 【生义】v.(使)转变
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)... but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.
35. geography【熟义】n.地理【生义】n.布局
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages.
3．常考的完形填空动词词汇
arrange v.安排interrupt v.打断；打扰；中断；阻碍matter v.关系；要紧judge判断； know知道；熟悉，了解cause引起； observe观察； ride骑；漂浮； strike打击reason推理； talk谈话； compete竞争； train培训help帮助； understand理解defeat打败； please使高兴； respect尊敬； assist帮助force强迫； transform转换；改造；彻底改变； persuade劝说；put放。shine照耀；发光；fly飞行； dance跳舞；score得分view看待；appear出现； matter重要follow跟随； organize组织； watch观看； lead带领；领先clarify分类； defend打败； win赢得； demand要求prove证明； happen碰巧； show展示wait等待；offer提供、主动提出； hurry匆忙； fail失败feed喂养； follow跟随；change改变；load装载call打电话； join加入； leave离开 serve服务return返回； fight打仗； fly飞； agree同意
1.（2025·四川省宜宾市高三上学期一诊）
Being a young adult, I was constantly struggling to find my place in the world. I had just graduated from college and was 21 the tough reality of entering the workforce. The job market was competitive and I often found myself afraid of the daily job hunt.
21．A．facing B．expecting C．doubting D．choosing
2.（2025·安徽省五校联）It’s 11 a. m. on a glowing Perth day and I’m walking my black Labrador by the river. She 21 the neat grass edging the footpath. A glimpse of the bottlenose dolphins that call this river home would 22 my day. That’s when I suddenly think of my son, Alex.
21．A．tastes B．sniffs C．touches D．barks
22．A．fill B．enrich C．have D．make
3.（2024九省联考）Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground; membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators.
【答案】
4.（2024九省联考）Soiling his clothes, working on a hot September afternoon, this man saved a college student from disaster, just because she could have been his daughter.
【答案】
考点四 考查介词基本含义和用法
1.(2024 新高考Ⅰ卷) The Glasshouse stands 63 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
2.（2024·全国甲卷）They wondered out loud. This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 47 all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
3.（2023 1月新高考浙江卷）Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history ________ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.
4.（2022 全国高考乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ______ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
高考中考查介词基本用法的次数较多，解决介词基本用法要注意：
①熟悉常用介词的基本含义，总结它们的共性特点。
②准确理解句子的意思，根据句意确定使用恰当的介词。。
介词的基本含义总结
(1)in表示情况、状态，意为“处在……中”；表示手段、形式、方式，意为“以，用”；表示服饰，意为“穿着，戴着”；表示范围、领域，意为“在……方面”。
(2)with表示状态，意为“带有，具有”；表示手段、方法，意为“以，用”；表示关系，意为“和……在一起”；表示伴随，意为“随着”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。
(3)by用于被动语态，意为“被，由”；表示方式，意为“用，靠，凭借”；表示乘用交通工具，意为“乘坐，驾驶”。
(4)for表示方向，意为“往，向”；表示对象、用途等，意为“为，给”；表示时间、距离、数量等，意为“计，达”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。
(5)through表示位置，意为“穿过”；表示时间，意为“在整个期间，自始至终”；表示手段、媒介，意为“以，凭借”。
1.（2025·海南省海口市高三摸底）The Dragon Boat Festival commemorates the death of Qu Yuan, a Chu state official and poet who lived during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) ______ the reunification of China under the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC).
2.（2025·湖北省重点高中智学联盟高三联考）Then they cut a channel Mount Yulei to discharge the excess water.
3.（2025·广东省茂名市区域高三联考）Another significant tradition is the Zhuang people’s dietary habits. Their cuisine usually uses fresh, locally-sourced ingredients, vegetables, grains and herbs.
考点五 考查特殊介词的含义和用法
1.（2021浙江卷1月）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ________ 2. 1 in women and men.
2.（2015·浙江）3. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea
A. about B. to C. with D. over
在高考二轮复习中，一定要把常用特殊介词的含义重点强化一下，不留知识的死角。总结常用的特殊介词，在例句中掌握它们的含义和用法。
特殊介词的含义
（1）with的用法
①与…（在）一起
I went on holiday with my friend. 我跟我朋友一起去度假。
②[表带有或拥有]有；带有；具有；随身带着
He is a man with a hot temper. 他是一个脾气暴躁的人。
China is a very large country with a long history. 中国是一个具有历史悠久的大国。
③[表方式、手段或工具]以；用
He caught the ball with his left hand. 他用左手接球。
She wrote the letter with a pencil. 她用铅笔写那封信。
①用英语说：speak in English
②用钢笔写：write in ink
③用现金/美元支付：pay in cash/dollar。
④[表材料或内容]以；用
The road is paved with stones. 这条路用石头铺砌。
⑤[表状态]在…的情况下；…地
He can read French with ease. 他能轻易地读法文。
I finished my homework though with difficulty. 虽然有困难，我还是做完了功课。
注：用于此意时，with多与某些抽象名词连用时，其作用相当于一个副词。如：
with care=carefully 认真地
with kindness=kindly 亲切地
with joy=joyfully 高兴地
with anger=angrily 生气地
with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲伤地
with delight=delightedly 高兴地
with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地
⑥ [表让步]尽管，虽然
With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱，他并不快乐。
With all his efforts, he lost the match. 虽然尽了全力，他还是输了那场比赛。
⑦[表条件]若是；如果
With your permission, I’ll go. 你若同意，我就去。
表示条件时，根据情况可与虚拟语气连用。如：
With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是钱多一点，我就买得起了。
With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是设备好些，我们完成这项工作还要快些。
⑧[表原因或理由]因为；由于(某种感情而使某人有某种表现或行为)
Gil was white and trembling with anger.吉尔气得脸色煞白，浑身发抖。
She trembled with cold.他冻得发抖。
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.听到这个消息，他高兴得跳起来。
He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。
Her face became red with embarrassment.她因为难为情而脸红。
Her face burned with shame.她的脸因为羞愧而发烫。
⑨[表时间]当…的时候；在…之后；随后
With that remark, he left. 他说了那话就离开了。
With daylight I hurried there to see what had happened. 天一亮我就去那儿看发生了什么事。
⑩[表同时或随同]随着；跟着（…的变化而变化）
The risk of developing heart disease increases with the number of cigarettes smoked.吸食香烟的数量越多，患心脏病的风险就越大。
Blood pressure decreases with exercise.血压随着锻炼而降低。
The girl seemed to be growing prettier with each day. 那女孩好像长得一天比一天漂亮。
with和as均可表示“随着”，但前者是介词，后者是连词。如：
He will improve as he grows older. 随着年龄的增长，他会进步的。
People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 时代变了，人们的观念也会变化。
[表伴随或附带情况]与…同时
Michelle had fallen asleep with her head against his shoulder.米歇尔睡着了，头靠在他的肩上。
I slept with the window open. 我开着窗户睡觉。
Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。
赞成；同意
I am with you there. 在那点上我同你意见一致。
[表对象或关系]对…（怀有某种感情）；关于；就…而言；对…来说
He is pleased with his new house. 他对他的新房子很满意。
The teacher was very angry with him. 老师对他很生气。
It’s the same with us students. 我们学生也是这样。
[表对立或敌对]对立；反对
The dog was fighting with the cat. 狗在同猫打架。
He’s always arguing with his brother. 他老是跟他弟弟争论。
与（风、水流等）方向一致；顺着…（反义词：against）
sail with the wind顺风驶船
swim with the tide顺着潮流游泳
伴着（声音或手势）；带着（表情）
With a sigh, she leant back and closed her eyes.她叹了口气，身体向后倚靠，闭上了眼睛。
The front door closed with a crash behind him.前门在他身后砰的一声关上了。
（2）against
①反对（反义词for）
Are you for or against the plan 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢
There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him. 有20票赞成他，12票反对他。
②违背，违抗，违反
What you have done is against the law. 所做的事情是违法的。
Jane married Jack against her own will. 简与杰克结婚，违背了自己的意愿。
③紧靠；倚
The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。
He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。
④迎着；逆着
You should fly your kite against the wind. 你应该迎着风放风筝。
We are sailing against the wind.(with the wind表示“顺风”) 我们的船正在逆风行驶。
⑤撞击，碰着
The rain was beating against the windows. 雨点拍打着窗户。
Tom hit his head against a tree in the dark.黑暗中汤姆的头撞在一棵树上。
⑥映衬；相映；对照【高频再现】
The red flag looks very bright against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。
The little red house looks so beautiful against the green woods. 那座红色的小屋在翠绿的森林衬托下显得很美。
⑦不利于
an evidence against him 一个对他不利的证据
（3）by
①到…为止；不迟于
They had finished the work by the end of last week. 到上周末他们已完成了工作。
Maybe she has come back by now. 或许到现在为止她已经回来了。
I’ll have arrived by five o’clock this afternoon. 我最迟在今天下午5点前到这里。
【注】by后接表示过去的时间状语时，多与过去完成时连用；后接now时，多与现在完成时连用；后接表示将来的时间状语时，多与将来完成时或一般将来时连用（尤其谓语是be动词时）。
②按…计算；按…买(卖)（后接单数可数名词，名词其前要用定冠词 the；若后接抽象名词，则通常不用冠词）。如：
They are paid by the hour (by the month). 他们所得报酬按小时(月)计。
As we all know, the luggage is charged by weight.众所周知，行李是按重量收费的。
The parking here is charged by time.这里停车按时间收费。
③乘/坐…（by+交通工具、交通方式名词。名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。
by bus 乘公共汽车；by bike 骑自行车；by train 乘火车；by plane 乘飞机；by taxi 乘出租车；by ship 坐轮船；by air 乘飞机；by water 走水路；by land 走陆路
但是，若表示交通工具的名词前插有定语修饰语，则也可以用冠词。如：
We’re going by the 9:30 train. 我们坐9:30的火车去。
We went to Shanghai by a large ship.我们乘一艘大船去上海。
④凭；靠（后接动名词表示行为的方式或手段）
He makes a living by teaching.他以教书为生。
Lock this door by turning the key twice to the left.锁这扇门要把钥匙向左转两圈。
⑤表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分（by+身体部位名词或衣服名词）
Suddenly she caught him by the ear. 突然间她抓住了他的耳朵。
The policeman took the thief by the hand. 警察抓住了小偷的手。
⑥表升降、增减的程度（by+数量词）
The number of the students has increased by one-third.学生数量增加了三分之一。
She’s taller than her younger brother by two inches.她比她小弟高两英寸。
⑦在…旁边
Come and sit by me.过来坐在我的旁边。
⑧从看；依；按照
By the way, what time is it by your watch 顺便问一下，你的表几点了
（4）through
①从…中通过；贯穿，穿过（强调从物体内部透过）
The journey through the jungle was perilous.穿过丛林的旅行充满了危险。
The sunshine comes in through the window. 阳光透过窗户照进来。
②通过，凭借（方法手段）
You can only achieve success through hard work.你得孜孜不倦方能成功。
③由于，因为
The thought of someone suffering through a mistake of mine makes me shiver. 想到有人因为我犯的错误而吃苦头，我就不寒而栗。
④自始至终；从头到尾/底
We'll be in New York Monday through Friday.我们从周一至周五将一直待在纽约。
They will continue construction through the winter months. 他们整个冬季将继续施工。
We worked through the night. 我们通宵的工作。
⑤经受；经历
The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。
She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。
（5）for
①因为；由于
Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。
He is famous for his poems. 他因为他的诗出名。
For several reasons, I’d rather not meet her. 由于种种原因，我宁愿不见她。
②（表示目的地或方向）向；前往
They’ll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。
Is this the train for Shanghai 这是开往上海的火车吗？
③支持；赞成（反义词：against）
Are you for or against the plan？你是支持还是反对这个计划？
I’m all for the young enjoying themselves. 我完全赞成年轻人多玩玩。
④就…而言；相对…来说（表示相对来说不寻常）
He’s done well for a beginner. 作为新手，他干得很好。
He is heavy for a small boy. 作为一个小男孩而言，他的身体算重的了。
The day is cool for July. 在7月里这样的日子算是凉快的了。
⑤对于；至于；关于
For her, books were as necessary to life as bread.对她来说，书就像面包一样，是生活必需品。
It would be excellent experience for him to travel a little.对他来说，偶尔出去旅游会是很不错的经历。
⑥(表示时间、距离、数量)持续，达
For a few minutes she sat on her bed watching the clock..她坐在床上盯着时钟看了几分钟。
We drove on for a few miles.我们继续往前开了几公里。
⑦（表示目的或功能）为了；用于
They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。
What did you do that for 你干吗这样做？
This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。
⑧（表示对象）为了，给，对于
Here is a letter for you. 这是你的信。
Isn't that enough for you .那对你来说不够吗？
⑨ (与不定式连用引出逻辑上的主语)
Is there any need for me to go 我有没有必要去？
It is a great pity for him to leave here so soon. 他这么快就离开这里真是遗憾。
It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone. 小孩子自己过马路很危险。
（6）from
① (表示时间)从…起，始于
She is singing from morning to night. 她从早唱到晚。
②(表示范围或状态)从…(到…)
He ran all the way home from school. 他从学校一路跑回家。
Unemployment has fallen from 7.5% to 7.2%.失业率从 7.5％降到7.2％。
③ (表示距离)离(某处)…
Our school is two miles from the station. 我们学校离车站两英里。
④（表示来源）来自；出自
He comes from Shanghai. 他来自上海。
⑤ (用于 protect, free, keep, prevent 等动词后)免于，阻止，防止
The pill will relieve you from pain. 这药丸将使你免受痛苦。
⑥(表示区别、比较)
He is old enough to know right from wrong. 他已长大,能够辨别是非了。
I can’t tell one twin from the other. 我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。
⑦(表示原料) 由…(制成)
Flour is made from wheat. 面粉由小麦制成。
⑧（表示原因）因为,由于
He wasn't ill; he stayed in bed from laziness. 他没病,躺在床上是因懒惰之故。
He is trembling from fear. 他吓得发抖
⑨(表判断、观点)由(…来看)，根据(…来判断)
From her looks you would say she was about twenty. 从她的模样看，你会说她约摸20岁。
The expression on his face changed from sympathy to surprise.他脸上的表情从同情变为惊讶。
（7）under
①[表示位置]在…下面；在…下方；在…底下
She sat very still under the tree.她在树底下静静地坐着。
All this happened under his eyes.这一切都发生在他的眼皮底下。
②[表示年龄或数量]低于；在…以下
Many children under five go to nursery school.5岁以下的许多儿童都上幼儿园。
The watch cannot be sold for under 100 yuan.这块表低于100元不卖。
The total is under what was expected.总数低于预计数。
③[表示从属关系、影响所及] 在（…领导）下；在（…影响）下；在（…统治）之下
He's very much under the influence of the older boys.那些比他大的男孩对他影响很大。
The army is under the command of General Smith.这支部队由史密斯将军指挥。
He kept the situation under control.他把情势控制下来。
④[尤指一层衣服]在的里面（或底下)
I was wearing two sweaters under the green army jacket.我在绿军装里套了两件毛线衫。
He had no shirt on under his thin jumper.他在薄套头衫里面没有穿衬衣。
He wore a vest under his jacket. 他在夹克里穿了件背心。
⑤在（…状况或条件）下
His best friend was killed by police under extremely questionable circumstances.他最好的朋友在极其可疑的情况下被警察打死了。
Under normal conditions, only about 20 to 40 per cent of vitamin E is absorbed.正常情况下，仅有20%到40%的维生素E会被吸收。
The car is under repair. 这辆汽车在修理中。
⑥用（…之名）；以（…的名义）；假借（…之名）
He never wrote under his real name.他从来不用真名实姓写作。
The patient was registered under a false name.那位患者挂号时用了假名。
（8）upon
①在…上
He set the tray upon the table.他把盘子放在桌子上。
He bent forward and laid a kiss softly upon her forehead.他弯身向前，在她额头上轻轻一吻。
She sat upon the sofa.她坐在沙发上。
②一…即…；一…就…
Upon seeing her, I smiled and ran toward her.一看到她，我就笑了并跑了过去。
Upon his arrival at Qinhuangdao, he gave me a ring.他已到达秦皇岛就给我打了电话。
③将要发生；马上来临
The long-threatened storm was upon us.酝酿多时的暴风雨就要向我们袭来。
The wedding season is upon us.结婚旺季就要来了。
【短语】
once upon a time很久以前
look down upon瞧不起
upon my word 的确；我发誓
1.（2025·重庆巴蜀中学高考适应性月考卷（二））The Panda Ridge habitat where the pair will live is four times larger than the previous panda enclosure, the zoo said, and takes cues (仿效) from China’s landscape, features imitating canyons, mountains and cliffs.
2.Not only the students but also the teacher was ________ the plan at that time.
3.The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, __________ valleys until at last it reaches the sea.
考点六 考查介词短语的含义和用法
1. (2024 新高考Ⅱ卷) “Some of the things that Tang was writing about were also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___39___ Romeo and Juliet.”
2.（2023 新高考Ⅰ卷）There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rolled.
3．（2023 全国乙卷）Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout,with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
4.（2022年6月 浙江卷) Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ______ age seven.
注意总结一些介词短语的含义和用法：
at the age of 5;at age 5;at 5在5岁时 at one’s service随时为某人服务；听凭某人的吩咐
at (the) sight of当看到……时 at first sight乍一看；初看起来
by chance/accident偶然；碰巧 by mistake错误地；无意地
by far最；……得多 by hand用手；用体力
for sale出售的；待售的for free免费地 for nothing免费的；白费地。
常考的介词短语
①at＋名词
at a loss不知所措at dinner在吃晚餐at peace处于和平状态at dawn在黎明at war在战争中at work在工作
②其他高频介词短语
against time 争分夺秒at the sight of 一看到……at the age of在……岁时in the face of 面对；面临in addition (to)另外；除了in case of 万一in charge of负责；主管in favour of赞成；支持in need of 需要in no time立刻in a hurry匆忙in preparation for为……作准备in return for作为回报of help/use 有帮助的/有用的of importance重要的on behalf of代表
③by＋名词
by accident偶然地by chance偶然地by force用暴力by hand手工地by mistake错误地by the month按月算
④beyond＋名词
beyond comparison无与伦比beyond control失控beyond description难以描述beyond doubt毋庸置疑beyond expression 难以表达beyond (one's) reach够不到
⑤in＋名词
in bed在床上；卧床in danger处于危险中in debt负债in difficulty 处于困难中in high spirits情绪高昂in need处于困难中in order 整齐；井然有序in surprise 吃惊地in trouble 在困难中in use使用中
⑥on＋名词
on a trip在旅行on business出差on display/show在展出on duty在值班on holiday/vacation在度假on sale在出售on strike在罢工on the way在途中
⑦out of＋名词
out of balance失去平衡out of control失去控制out of danger 脱离危险out of date过期out of order出故障out of work失业
⑧under＋名词
under consideration在考虑中under construction在建造中under control在控制之下under discussion在讨论中under pressure在压力下under repair在修理中under treatment在治疗中
1.（2025·河北省石家庄市第二中学高三月考）In the Chinese section, the average daily number of passenger trains has increased 35 at the beginning of the line’s operation in late 2021 to 51.
2.（2025·东北三省三校联考）However, despite these apparent differences, both cultures have something in common: their festivals are all in celebration life and the pursuit of happiness. Western festivals like Thanksgiving and Halloween, which have religious origins, have gradually developed into occasions for family gatherings, gratitude sharing and creative expressions.
3.（2025·安徽省芜湖市第一中学教学质量诊断）During the Qing Dynasty, the drums were also played on the New Year’s Eve of the lunar calendar at the imperial palace. consequence, the performance also became known as the “New Year Drum” by Beijingers.
考点七 考查介词与其他词类的搭配
1.（2023 新高考Ⅱ卷）And who do they speak English
2.（2022 新高考I卷) Giant pandas also serve ______ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
3.（2021年7月 浙江卷）Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ______ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.
常考动词的固定结构和搭配
①★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋of＋sth.”结构的常见动词有：
accuse控告 cheat欺骗cure治愈 inform通知remind使想起 rob抢劫
warn警告 rid使摆脱suspect怀疑 persuade说服convince使信服
②★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋for＋sth.”结构的常见动词有：
blame责备 criticize批评forgive原谅 excuse原谅pardon原谅 punish惩罚
scold责备 thank感谢praise赞扬 respect尊重admire钦佩；赞赏
③★★★ 用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋from＋(doing) sth.”结构的常见动词有：
prevent阻止stop阻止keep阻止protect保护preserve保护；保存 defend保卫ban禁止prohibit阻止；禁止shelter保护
④常考的动词短语
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 result from 由……造成，因……而产生
call at访问(某地) add to增加
call for要求；需要 care about关心
end up with以……结束 fix one's eyes on 注视
give in屈服；上交 get rid of免除；摆脱
look down on/upon轻视；看不起 make use of利用
run out of用完 take pride in因……而自豪
live up to不辜负 come up with提出
take on呈现 put forward提出
put up with忍受 make fun of取笑
adapt to适应 refer to涉及；查阅；指的是
come across (偶然)遇见 pick up捡起；用车接(某人)；接收
1.（2025·河北省衡水中学第一次综合素养测评）It provides a time-travel experience for both an educational and artistic appeal. The journey begins a brief timeline of texts, photos and videos, showing how Sanxingdui was first discovered in the 1920s, when objects were found by farmers digging an irrigation ditch (灌溉沟渠); and it highlights the important moments in the past century’s continued archaeological efforts, to reveal the myths surrounding Sanxingdui and the secrets yet to be uncovered.
2. （2025·江苏省海门中学高三第一次调研）By organizing the festival, Fuzhou aims to promote excellent traditional culture, tell Chinese stories in a more engaging manner and carry out Chinese and foreign cultural exchanges and cooperation to draw domestic and global attention Tang Xianzu, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, thus increasing Chinese culture’s presence and influence.
3.（2025·广东省部分学校高三上学期8月大联考）The new species was named Oreocharis oriolus (黄鹂属)
the lively bird oriole, as its bright yellow flowers resemble the bird’s feather color.
04重难点突破 介词及介词短语基本知识的综合运用
介词及介词短语重难点突破：依据句式和搭配填介词
(1)与动词搭配，如： remind sb of sth“提醒某人某事”；rob sb of sth“抢劫某人某物”。
(2)与名词或代词搭配，如： by accident“偶然”；by oneself “靠自己”。
(3)与形容词搭配，如：be curious about“对……感到好奇”；be proud of “因……而自豪”。
(4)其他搭配，如：not ...until ...“直到……才……”；from ...to ...“从……到……”；between ...and ... “在……和……之间”。
（1）高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。
（2）语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对学生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。
（3）名词或动词-ing形式在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前一定填介词。介词可位于名词之前，如at night、on Sunday等；也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in、be good at等；还可位于不及物动词之后，如listen to、arrive at、look for等。
(1)及物动词后直接跟宾语时，无需再加介词。
(2)last、next等后跟名词表示时间时，无需加介词。
(3)不及物动词后跟宾语时，应加相应的介词。
(4)避免受汉语的影响。例如：“在……帮助下”的英语表达应为with the help of，而不是under the help of。
语法填空
（2025·广东省汕头市金山中学高三期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（标黄题号为本专题考点）
A century ago in the city of Shantou, nostalgia (念旧) drove successful overseas Chinese businessmen to return, invest and contribute to the development of its thriving downtown area of their hometown. The neatly 1 (plan) old town they helped create, with its row upon row of picturesque qilou, 2 (know) today as the Small Park historical area and bears witness to the city’s stories.
The city, also called Swatow by locals, became a treaty port (通商口岸) for foreign trade in 1860 3 the Small Park became a commercial center famous for its modern lifestyle. 4 (follow) the founding of New China in 1949, it became a busy, harmonious neighborhood, and since 1978, the city 5 (boom) as a result of reform and opening-up. 6 the passage of time, the old town’s prosperity faded as Shantou extended eastward, 7 many of those who grew up there and have cherished 8 (memory) of the area don’t want to leave it behind. Instead, they strive to keep its memory alive, taking up pens or lens 9 (ensure) that its former glory is told to both the city’s younger generation, and to the growing number of visitors. “The creation of the Small Park area is a 10 (reflect) of the city’s historical development.” says the deputy director of the culture, radio, television, tourism and sports bureau of Jinping district, where the qilou neighborhood is located.
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