专题03 阅读理解之推理判断题
目录
01考情透视·目标导航 2
02知识导图·思维引航 3
03考点突破·考向探究 4
考点一 考查引申推断题 4
【真题研析】 4
【核心精讲】 5
【命题预测】 6
考点二 考查目的和意图题 7
【真题研析】 7
【核心精讲】 9
【命题预测】 10
考点三 考查写作态度题 11
【真题研析】 11
【核心精讲】 12
【命题预测】 12
考点四 考查描述人物或事件特征 13
【真题研析】 13
【核心精讲】 15
【命题预测】 15
考点五 考查文章出处 16
【真题研析】 16
【核心精讲】 18
【命题预测】 20
考点六 考查预测文章走势 21
【真题研析】 21
【核心精讲】 23
【命题预测】 23
考点七 考查写作手法 25
【真题研析】 25
【核心精讲】 26
【命题预测】 27
考点八 考查读者对象 27
【真题研析】 27
【核心精讲】 28
【命题预测】 29
考点九 考查其他代词的用法 29
阅读理解之推理判断题
考点 目标要求 年份 卷别 考题统计 考情分析
推理判断题 考查根据文章中的事实进行推理判断的能力 2024 新高考I卷 4 根据新高考三年的考情分析，推理判断题主要集中考查：引申推断、目的和意图、作者态度。有时考查文章出处、文章走势、读者对象、文章结构、写作方法等。所有这些都是新课标中明确指出的考试形式，我们都不能忽视，切勿掉以轻心。 预计在2025年高考推理判断题占50%以上的阅读理解小题的比率。以考查引申推断、目的和意图、作者态度为主。
新高考II卷 4
全国甲卷 6
浙江卷1月 1
2023 新高考I卷 6
新高考II卷 7
全国甲卷 5
全国乙卷 8
浙江卷1月 4
2022 新高考I卷 6
新高考II卷 4
全国甲卷
全国乙卷 5
考点一 考查引申推断题
1．(2025年1月·浙江卷)B When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact.
24. What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph
A. She is upset by her kids’ weight. B. She is critical of the way she was fed.
C. She is interested in making food. D. She is particular about what she eats.
2.(2024新课标I卷)C
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
3.（2024全国甲卷）B
Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk
A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors.
C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid.
关键词句细推敲:
第一步：定位细节——根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。
第二步：揣摩细节——对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。2.切勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。
如何进行引申推断
根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容进行引申推断得出推断结果。引申推断的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，推断出文章中事实的结论，得出新的判断；2.推理判断的结论不是文章中的原句，而是在文章基础上，通过逻辑推理得出的结论。
（1）思维导图
（2）引申推断的设问方式
1. What can be inferred about the ......
2．What can be inferred about ......from the last paragraph
3．What can we learn from ......
4．What can we infer about ...... from the text
（3）错误选项的特点
1. 似是而非：只是对原文信息简单重述，而不是依据文章提供事实依据推断出来的结论。
2. 夸大事实：对文章的事实或证据进行夸大；有时，选项内容与原文一致无需推断。
3. 推理过度：选项往往过于绝对化或片面化(以偏概全)，有时会出现only, all等词语。
4. 掺入常识：根据考生已有常识是正确的，但不是根据文章中的证据推断出来的结论。
（4）解题技巧：
引申推断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
1．定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。
2．字面理解：理解相关信息点字面意义。
3．深层理解：进而理解作者的言外之意。
1．（2025·湖南省长沙市高三新高考适应性考试）Strickland requires his graduate students at MIT to help Paterson construct models for new building projects in the city. Jane Riesman, one of Strickland’s students, has been working with her kids on an educational park that would replace a wasteland of lifeless asphalt (沥青) and grass that stretches between two downtown schools. The surrounding neighborhood is hardly inspiring; pulling-down of a high-rise housing project is underway, showering dust everywhere. But Riesman’s students envision a very different place. One of the student models includes a swimming pool, skating court, climbing wall, sandbox, and a pond with a fountain and lots of trees. “It’s fun, and it makes us feel like we’re in charge and helping the community,” says 15-year-old Marilyn Medina, one of the model’s creators.
What can we infer about Riesman’s students
A．Diligent and innocent. B．Funny and responsible.
C．Honest and trustworthy. D．Imaginative and helpful.
2．（2025·湖南省长沙市高三新高考适应性考试）Today, most AI development happens at data centers. These computer-filled buildings account for some 2 percent US electricity use and 1 percent of global energy use. Some AI experts have sounded an alarm about the threat these energy giants pose.
What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A．AI’s development poses a threat to data centers.
B．The energy consumption of AI can’t be ignored.
C．AI is effectively transforming the way we learn.
D．People should take action to reduce gas emission.
3．（2025·湖南省娄底市娄底市名校联盟高三月考）“Even if a company has opportunities for individual contributors to grow, it doesn’t mean you’ll rise to the top smoothly. Partners without their own teams are treated like second-class citizens, and managers have the opportunity to make higher salaries and bonuses than common individual contributors,” says Kristopher Osborne, a company’s senior president of talent. “You are paid a bonus to deal with a lot more issues and challenges,” he says of managers. “People have to be realistic.” He recommends ambitious individual contributors show they’re bringing leadership to the company in different ways, like running strategy initiatives, coaching teammates or bringing new initiatives to the organization on board.
What can be inferred about individual contributors from the last paragraph
A．They can earn more than managers B．They suffer discrimination from partners.
C．They have to show other managing talent. D．They usually tend to set unrealistic target
考点二 考查目的和意图题
1．（2024·新课标I卷）
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.
1.（2023 新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B）
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fibreglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
( )26.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans.
B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs.
D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
2.（2023 新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C篇）
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
( )31.What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。这类题型要求考生不仅能理解文章的内容，还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及使用的写作手法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
如何判断写作目的和意图
（1）思维导图
（2）目的意图题的设问方式
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text
The purpose of the text is to get more people to _______.
The writer of the story wants to tell us that________.
The fact…is mentioned by the author to show________.
The author writers the last paragraph in order to ________.
（3）解题技巧：
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。
1．（2025·海南省三亚市高三期末）
Cultured Meat: The Future of Dining
Consumers may soon find meat on restaurant menus that has never walked the earth-grown from cells. The product, called “cultured” or “cultivated” meat, is reaching more plates. Cultivated chicken has been available in a Singapore restaurant since 2020, and in June, the U.S. Department of Agriculture approved the sale of cultured chicken by two companies. Over 150 businesses worldwide are trying to bring cultured beef, fish, and pork to market.
31．Why does the author mention Singapore
A．To show its market success. B．To show its early adoption.
C．To emphasize its infrequency. D．To promote Singapore’s cuisine.
2.（2025·湖南省长沙市高三新高考适应性考试）In 2019, researchers calculated the impact of developing AI model named Transformer. It released a massive 626, 000 pounds of carbon dioxide. That’s equal to the greenhouse gases that would be poured by five American cars from when they were made to when they were junked.
57．Why does the author mention Transformer in paragraph 4
A．To highlight its significance. B．To speak highly of AI’s power.
C．To demonstrate researchers’ creativity. D．To stress its effect on the environment.
3.（2025·山东省滨州市高三期末）In 2001, another major oil spill occurred in the waters near Phillip Island, with a total of 438 penguin’s. affected. 96%were successfully rescued and released back into the wild with the help of the Penguin Foundation and these sweaters.
Why are the numbers listed in Paragraph 5
A．To show the severity of the oil spill.
B．To illustrate the achievement of the campaign.
C．To explain the serious conditions of the penguins.
D．To add some background information of the oil spill
考点三 考查写作态度题
1.(2024·全国甲卷)
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
2.（2023 新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇）
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
( )35.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A. Unclear.
B. Dismissive.
C. Doubtful.
D. Approving.
句中Although是重要的解题信息，它表达了一种语气，预示着作者是正能力的态度，而选项中只有D approving是褒义词。
如何判断观点态度题
（1）思维导图
（2） 观点态度题的设问方式
1.What is the author’s attitude to ......
2. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to......
3. The author’s attitude towards ....... may best be described as .
（3）解题方法：
做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如possible, impossible, seem, strange等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。
褒义词有：supportive(支持的)；positive(积极的)；optimistic(乐观的)；enthusiastic(热情的)等。
贬义词有：negative(否定的，消极的)；ironic(讽刺的)；critical(批评的)；disgusted(厌恶的)；disappointed(失望的)等。
中性词有：indifferent(漠不关心的)；uninterested(不感兴趣的)；objective(客观的)；neutral(中立的)等。
1.（2025·河北省沧州市盐山县河北省盐山中学高三月考）Students say that combining the lessons learned in their engineering classes with real-life engineering challenges is invaluable. “The most useful direct learning comes from Professor Howard’s robotics courses,” says Saunders, who was the team captain. “But the main takeaway is developing team skills and ways of approaching an engineering problem.”
What is Saunders’ attitude towards Thomas Howard
A．Appreciative. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent.
2.（2025·山东省淄博市高三摸底质量检测）As the industry grows, there will be a continuous focus on sustainable practices, including using renewable energy sources and eco-friendly materials. As technology advances and regulatory rules evolve, eVTOLs are in the wings to become a cornerstone of future urban and regional mobility solutions.
What is the writer’s attitude towards eVTOLs
A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Dismissive. D．Indifferent.
3.（2025·新疆普通高考适应性检测分学科第二次模拟）Any mention of Ohio may be better than none at all. “We know our worth in the state,” says Delaney Hendershot, an assistant brand manager in Ohio. She runs TikTok and Instagram accounts mostly praising Ohio’s charms, including places to visit, historical facts, companies based there, and Ohioans’ inside jokes. “I would much rather be a part of the conversation than not, because some states truly are forgotten,” Hendershot says.
What is Delaney’s attitude towards the mention of Ohio
A．Dismissive. B．Favorable. C．Opposed. D．Indifferent.
考点四 考查描述人物或事件特征
1.（2025年1月浙江卷）
I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’ re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.”
27. What does the author think of the strategies she has been following
A. Costly. B. Complex. C. Workable. D. Contradictory.
2.（2023 新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B）
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden programme at four low-income schools. The programme aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
( )26.Which of the following best describes the impact of the programme
A. Far-reaching.
B. Predictable.
C. Short-lived.
D. Unidentifiable.
描写人物事物特征的形容词
generous慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的; 苛求的; 费力的; 要求极严的; 难满足的；impatient不耐烦的； outgoing外向的；easy-going随和的；organized有条理的；modest谦虚的；optimistic乐观的；cautious小心，谨慎的；caring乐于助人的; 关心他人的; 体贴人的； skillful熟练的; 灵巧的; 擅长于 (at; in); 制作精巧的；responsible负责任的； determined有决心的；modest谦虚的；creative有创造力的；ambitious有雄心的；adventurous冒险的；cooperative 有合作意识的；honest诚实的；capable adj. 有能力的,有才能的；confident adj.自信的；diligent adj.勤奋的；voluntary adj.自愿的,主动的；energetic adj. 精力旺盛的；humorous adj.幽默的；enthusiastic adj.热情的；experienced adj.有经验的；intelligent聪明的; 智能的; 有才智的; 悟性强的; 有智力的; grateful感激的；helpful有帮助的；talkative健谈的；athletic运动型; 体育运动的; 健壮的；patient有耐心的；innovative创新的；tolerant忍受的；positive 积极的；committed坚信的; 尽心尽力的; 坚定的；considerate 体贴的；ashamed惭愧的; regretful后悔的；disappointed失望的；amazed吃惊的；satisfied满意的；disappointed失望的；shocked震惊的；overjoyed过度高兴的；pleased满意的；indifferent冷漠的；sorrowful悲伤的；sympathetic同情的；hardworking勤劳的；embarrassed尴尬的；proud自豪的； courageous勇敢的; 无畏的；independent独立的；sensitive敏感的。
如何判断人物和事件的特征
（1）思维导图
（2）人物和事件特征的设问方式
1．Which of the following best describes......
2．According to the text, which words can best describe ......
3.Which of the following best describe ...... according to Paragraph ...
4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event
5.What did the author think of ......
（3）解题技巧
把描述人物的性格特征的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事迹相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。
1.（2025·云南师范大学附属中学高三月考）Finding fulfilment at the end of life is not that unusual, as it’s possible to feel happiness alongside sadness, and other seemingly conflicting emotions. Simon Boas, who wrote a candid account of living with cancer, passed away on July 15 at the age of 47. He told the reporter: “My pain is under control and I’m terribly happy — it sounds weird to say, but I’m as happy as I’ve ever been in my life.”
How did Simon Boas feel as his death was around the corner
A．Upset. B．Appreciative. C．Desperate. D．Delighted.
2.（2025·安徽省阜阳市高三教学质量统测）The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has called the mosquito “the world’s deadliest animal” because the insects can spread diseases to humans. Research has found that climate change has led to an increased risk of diseases spread by mosquitoes. Last week, Southern Nevada Health District warned residents that the area was experiencing the highest level of mosquito activity in known history, with more than 3,000 mosquitoes testing positive for West Nile virus. “The information that we find in the laboratory has real-world implications and can really help, I think, many people in many different parts of the world,” Riffell said in the video.
What does Jeffrey Riffell think of the research
A．It faces big challenges. B．It’s practically significant.
C．It’s still in the early stages. D．It inspires other researches.
3.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市高三第二次教学质量检测）I had grown up in suburbia (郊区). Life was satisfying, and I had absolutely no intention to live otherwise. But not long after the skydiving, I was hit by a job offer requiring a move to City Chicago. I took the leap and accepted the job. Now, I am seizing the chance to overcome challenges and the fear of what might lie ahead.
What kind of person was the author before skydiving
A．Content and conventional. B．Forgetful and negative.
C．Uncaring and inactive. D．Unsociable and anxious.
考点五 考查文章出处
1.（2023 新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C篇）
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
( )28.Where is the text most probably taken from
A. An introduction to a book.
B. An essay on the art of writing.
C.A guidebook to a museum.
D.A review of modern paintings.
第一步：扫描题干，识别关键词如, poster海报，travel brochure旅游指南，journal杂志，instruction说明书, digest文摘，science journal科学期刊等词。
第二步：浏览全文，特别关注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在应用文中，还要重点关注小标题。牢记选项词。
第三步：对文中信息及各类出处综合特点进行对比分析，核对选项。
2.（2023 全国乙卷·阅读理解D篇）
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
( )35.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World.
B. A Short History of Australia.
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects.
D. How Art Works Tell Stories.
如何判断文章出处题
（1）思维导图
（2）文章出处的设问方式
①Where is this text probably taken from
②In which section of a website can the text appear
（3）解题技巧
“推断文章出处”类试题应从文章的内容或结构入手来判断其出处：
旅游指南类文章(a travel guide)：此类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。
广告英语类文章(an advertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。
课件展示类文章(a class presentation)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。
网络网页类文章(an Internet page)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如For more information, please click here.
新闻报道类文章(a news report)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容最重要。
研究报告类文章(a research paper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。
图书评论类文章(a book review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。
科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
1.（2025·山东省滨州市高三期末）Whether you plan to head out to the theater or binge from the couch, our critics have gathered together their favorite films of 2024. Have at it!
Flow
Near the outset of Gints’ exquisite animated feature, a grey cat is swept up by a flood, finding itself stuck with a few other animals on a tiny ark of sorts. Featuring cross-species cooperation in the face of a climate crisis, the filmmaker works miracles with computer graphics sending what look like hand-drawn animals into photorealistic backgrounds.
Article 20
Article 20 is a thought-provoking film. It focuses on a legal clause and unfolds a series of events and conflicts around it. The story delves into the impact of this article on different individuals and society, exploring themes of justice, rights, and human nature. With its engaging plot and profound meaning, it prompts the audience to reflect on various aspects of the law and life.
The Room Next Door
In Pedro Almodovar’s latest, Martha (Tilda Swinton) and Ingrid (Julianne Moore) are long lost friends who reconnect after Martha is diagnosed with a terminal illness. The director has adapted Sigrid Nunez’s novel What Are You Going Through for his first English-language feature, and none of his renowned sensibilities are lost in translation.
Tuesday
Julia Louis-Dreyfus gives a career-best performance as Zora, a single mother living with her terminally ill daughter Tuesday. One day, Tuesday is visited by death in the form of a talking parrot who can change size, voiced in a magnificent baritone by Arinze Kene. Zora tries everything to keep him at bay, but is forced to confront her greatest fear.
What might be the text
A．A movie report. B．A review of 2024 movies.
C．A movie recommendation. D．An academic movie study.
2.（2025·安徽省阜阳市高三期末）Worldwide, the planes, trains and automobiles we use to get around pumped much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, one-fifth of all man-made emissions. Some three-quarters of transport emissions came from road vehicles. Converting road transport to run on green energy would be a huge step towards achieving net zero emissions by mid-century, a change needed if we are to limit global warming to safe levels. This is why policymakers have been pushing car makers to accelerate efforts to bring an end to the manufacture of vehicles fitted with an internal combustion engine (内燃机). In the European Union, the two sides agreed to reach that destination by 2035.However, the deadline was practically difficult to meet. Therefore, they finally arrived at a compromise (折中) solution: new cars with internal combustion engines can continue to be sold after 2035, provided the engines use carbon-neutral (碳中和的) fuels.
Some people in the automotive industry want to keep the internal combustion engine alive. The idea is attractive to short-sighted policymakers, too, because it reduces the expense of charging equipment and to teach people the skills to build and maintain different technologies. However, not all car makers want to delay. Many understand that the transition to electric vehicles will take time, and want to get on with transforming their businesses. They want policy certainty and continuity from governments to allow them to get down to business.
If the electric-vehicle transition is further delayed, there are likely to be bad effects elsewhere that will ultimately put a brake on global decarbonization (脱碳).
The growing global demand for personal mobility means a truly green transport transition will happen only by addressing another factor. Technological innovation will take us only so far: behavioural change is also needed. Alongside a convincing and evidence-based strategy to develop electric vehicles and replace fossil fuels, we must plan and redesign urban environments around the world to encourage active transport — walking and cycling — rather than driving. That surely is the best route to a cleaner, healthier world.
In which section of a newspaper does the text probably appear
A．Culture. B．Opinion. C．Entertainment. D．Lifestyle.
考点六 考查预测文章走势
1.（2023 全国乙卷·阅读理解C篇）
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
( )31.What might the author continue talking about
A. The art of cooking in other countries.
B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies of big eaters.
做这类题时，应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系，对比关系来叙述)，从而作出比较科学的，合情合理的猜测。和原文中表达一致的答案，一定不能选。
2.(2011·安徽卷)
For many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground when electricity was discovered in the 1ate 1800s,people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This al1owed them to people in almost all1 areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used. During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.
63. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows
A. The advantage of wind power.
B. The design of wind power plants.
C. The worldwide movement to save energy.
D. The global trend towards producing power from wind.
如何判断文章走势
（1）思维导图
（2）文章走势的设问方式
1. What will be discussed further in the coming paragraph
2．What may the researchers do next according to the last paragraph
3．What would the author most probably discuss next
4．Where does the article go next
5.What would the following paragraph talk about
（3）解题技巧
对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做此类题目时，务必把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测判断。特别要注意文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话。
1．（2025·湖南省长沙市第一中学高三阶段性检测（五））The researchers involved in the studies also have plans to use different age groups in future research to look into the impacts of more personal nostalgic clues rather than common nostalgia ones such as old music and movies.
What will the follow-up study focus on
A．Nostalgic experience types. B．Personal nostalgia effects.
C．The impact of nostalgia on all age groups. D．The reason for the popularity of nostalgia.
2.（2025·山东省淄博市高三摸底质量检测）There remains one important area for further research which is to consider how benchmarks should be adjusted for language differences. Crawford group uses standard, confirmed English-language benchmarks for assessing children’s early literacy skills. But languages differ in their complexity, and some are more, or less, straightforward for learning skills such as decoding or reading fluency. Criterion tailored to language or group of languages would ensure appropriate expectations for children’s skill levels and progress, and enable more accurate comparisons across languages.
What will the follow-up research focus on
A．Standardizing curricula. B．Developing accurate testing methods.
C．Increasing educational fund. D．Adjusting criteria to different languages.
3.（2025·新疆普通高考适应性检测分学科第二次模拟）Wind chill and other estimates of how cold it feels outside are ultimately forecasted to help inform people about potentially deadly weather. Everyone ought to remember that dangerous health issues, especially when wind chill is at its most extreme, can take hold in minutes. So you’d better stay inside when there’s risk of frostbite or hypothermia. But if you must go outside, it is necessary and vital for you to plan accordingly.
What will be continued to discuss
A．Ways to prevent wind chill outdoors.
B．The signs of suffering from frostbites.
C．Advantages of staying inside in winter.
D．The consequences of severe wind chill.
4.（2025·辽宁省名校联盟高考模拟卷（调研卷）英语试题（一））There are endless numbers of practical applications for this new window coating, from commercial use to residential use, and even for use in the automotive industry.
What will the text possibly talk about in the following paragraphs
A．The coating’s other potential applications.
B．The underlying logic of the coating’s function.
C．The history and development of window coatings.
D．Further study to seek new materials for the coating.
考点七 考查写作手法
（2012 全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解D篇）
Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试) increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.
68.The author explains the law of over learning by_________.
A. presenting research findings
B. setting down general rules
C. making a comparison
D. using examples
在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。
写作手法题解题指导
类型
1、指文章的组织方式；2、全文或某个段落所运用的写作方法。
题目特点:
How did the researchers carry out the new study
How did researchers collect evidence for the study
How did the researchers reach their conclusion
This advertisement is made more believable by
The author supports his view by
How did the two professors reach the conclusion of their study
In which way did researchers draw a conclusion
必备词汇:
by analyzing different categories分析不同的类别
analyzing the reasons分析原因
classifying分类
comparing data比较数据
comparing the statistics比较统计数据
conducting experiments进行实验
写作手法题解题技巧
根据"原文定位"来判断
先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。
①by giving examples 通过举例。标志词:for example，for instance
②by analyzing causes通过分析原因。标志词:as a result/consequence!ens
③by giving definition通过下定义。标志词:that is to say
④by listing data statistics/figures通过列数字。标志词:具体数字
⑤by describing a process通过描述过程。标志词:first，second，third，finally
⑥by following time order遵作时间顺序。标志词:in1920，in the 1940s，nowadays
⑦by making comparison/contrast通过对比。标志词:but, while,
⑧by making classifications 过分类。标志词:first.next.then
⑨by analyzing cause and effect 通过分析因果。标志词:That is because....
⑩by following space order 遵循空间顺序。标志词:由近及远，由外到内
（2025·辽宁省朝阳市建平县高级中学高三月考）Closer analysis revealed that the middle of each long call had a regular tempo of long “ooo” sounds, but the beginning and end had bursts of shorter “ooo” sounds. Crucially, the shorter sequences were nested inside longer sequences. This is similar to a feature of human language called recursion (递归) . We can create complex sentences by nesting an extra phrase in the middle of a sentence, as with: “The dog, which ran after the cat, was barking”. The orangutans’ long calls had a similar recursive structure.
How did the author explain the recursive structure
A．By giving examples. B．By analyzing samples.
C．By conducting analysis. D．By telling stories.
考点八 考查读者对象
（湖南、江西、安徽等地）高三联考·阅读理解A）
Write a one-page report titled “The Best Book I Read This Year” and enter it in the Boys’ Life 2020 “Say Yes to Reading!” contest.
The book can be fiction or nonfiction. But the report has to be in your own words — 500words tops. Enter in one of these three age categories:
8 years old and younger
9 and 10 years old
11 years old and older
First-place winners in each age category will receive a $100 gift card from Amazon.com. Second-place winners will receive a $75 gift card; third-place winners, a $50 gift card.
Everyone who enters will get a free patch like the one on this page. The patch is a temporary sign, so it can be worn on the right pocket of the Scout uniform shirt. Proudly display it there or on another item such as a vest, plaque or trophy! In coming years, you’ll have the opportunity to earn other patches.
The contest is open to all Boys’ Life readers. Be sure to include your name, address, age and grade in school on the entry.
Send your report, along with a business-size, self-addressed, stamped envelope, to:
Boys’ Life Reading Contest
S306
P.O. Box 152079
Irving, TX 75015-2079
Entries must be postmarked by Dec. 31, 2020 and must include entry information and a self-addressed, stamped envelope.
Who are the contest intended for
A．All school students. B．Only teenagers. C．Boy’s Life readers. D．Boy students.
如何解决读者对象题？
做此类题目通常从文章内容入手，明确所谈话题及具体内容，体会作者使用的语言适合于哪一群体，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，从而得出正确判断。
读者对象题解题指导
1.【提问方式】
1) Who is the passage written for_____
2) The text is written mainly for_____.
3) Who are the intended readers of the passage
4) The passage is probably written for______.
5) Who might be most interested in this piece of information
6) The passage is probably written by________.
2.【技巧点拨】
要理解短文内容，特别是要从作者的措辞和语气去判断这篇文章是为谁而写和哪些人写的。
（2025·广东省建文教育集团两学部第二次模拟）Seeking to embark on a vacation with your quadrupedal companion？Presented herein are the most accommodating establishments for pets across the United Kingdom.
Who is this text intended for？ ______
A．Visitors to the UK. B．Four-legged friends.
C．Pet owners. D．Travellers with puppies.
考点九 考查文章结构
（北京卷·阅读理解）
Wilderness
“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.
As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.
I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.
This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.
Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) : Conclusion
1、记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他，最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。
2、议论文总体上可以分为四类：
第一类，“提出论点——分论点一——分论点二——分论点三……——结论”；
第二类，“引入段——导出论点——分点论述——结论”；
第三类，“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”；
第四类，“提出反面观点——批驳反面观点——提出正面观点”。
3、说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。
文章结构解题指导
A篇章结构主要的设题方式常有：
（1）How is the passage organized
（2）Which of the following best shows the structure/organization of the passage
（3）What will the author most probably talk about next
（4）The author develops the passage mainly by _________.
（5）The first paragraph serves as a（n） __________.
（6）The example of … is given to show/illustrate that__________.
B篇章结构主要的解题策略常有：
（1）了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构（总→分；总→分→总；分→总）、并列式结构（段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立）、对照式结构（结构形式上是一正一反）。
（2）了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： Put forward a question →Analyze the question → Solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；Argument/idea → Evidence → conclusion/ restating the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。
（3）了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年 高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。
注意点：
考查组织结构的文章通常行文组织结构都比较清晰、规范，因此,具备文体、写作方式和文章组织结构方面相关知识对于有效解答此类题目具有至关重要的作用。
1、记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进行写作。以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他，最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙。
2、议论文总体上可以分为四类：
第一类，“提出论点——分论点一——分论点二——分论点三……——结论”；
第二类，“引入段——导出论点——分点论述——结论”；
第三类，“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”；
第四类，“提出反面观点——批驳反面观点——提出正面观点”。
3、说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力。
The production of coffee beans is a huge，profitable business，but，unfortunately，full sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shade grown production to full sun production endangers the very existence of，certain animals and birds，and even disturbs the world's ecological balance.
On a local level，the damage of the forest required by full sun fields affects the area's birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种) that depend on the trees' flowers and fruits.Full sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result，many species are quickly dying out.
On a more global level，the destruction of the rainforest for full sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life，and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition，new coffee growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.
Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full sun coffee plantations(种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate，and studies show that the loss of oxygen giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover，the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.
It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life，from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shade grown coffee whenever possible，although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.
57. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题03 阅读理解之推理判断题
目录
01考情透视·目标导航 2
02知识导图·思维引航 3
03考点突破·考向探究 4
考点一 考查引申推断题 4
【真题研析】 4
【核心精讲】 6
【命题预测】 7
考点二 考查目的和意图题 8
【真题研析】 8
【核心精讲】 11
【命题预测】 12
考点三 考查写作态度题 14
【真题研析】 14
【核心精讲】 15
【命题预测】 16
考点四 考查描述人物或事件特征 17
【真题研析】 17
【核心精讲】 19
【命题预测】 19
考点五 考查文章出处 21
【真题研析】 21
【核心精讲】 23
【命题预测】 24
考点六 考查预测文章走势 26
【真题研析】 26
【核心精讲】 28
【命题预测】 29
考点七 考查写作手法 31
【真题研析】 31
【核心精讲】 32
【命题预测】 33
考点八 考查读者对象 33
【真题研析】 33
【核心精讲】 35
【命题预测】 35
考点九 考查其他代词的用法 36
阅读理解之推理判断题
考点 目标要求 年份 卷别 考题统计 考情分析
推理判断题 考查根据文章中的事实进行推理判断的能力 2024 新高考I卷 4 根据新高考三年的考情分析，推理判断题主要集中考查：引申推断、目的和意图、作者态度。有时考查文章出处、文章走势、读者对象、文章结构、写作方法等。所有这些都是新课标中明确指出的考试形式，我们都不能忽视，切勿掉以轻心。 预计在2025年高考推理判断题占50%以上的阅读理解小题的比率。以考查引申推断、目的和意图、作者态度为主。
新高考II卷 4
全国甲卷 6
浙江卷1月 1
2023 新高考I卷 6
新高考II卷 7
全国甲卷 5
全国乙卷 8
浙江卷1月 4
2022 新高考I卷 6
新高考II卷 4
全国甲卷
全国乙卷 5
考点一 考查引申推断题
1．(2025年1月·浙江卷)B When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact.
24. What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph
A. She is upset by her kids’ weight. B. She is critical of the way she was fed.
C. She is interested in making food. D. She is particular about what she eats.
【答案】B
【解析】考查推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome.（当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常被告知不要吃什么。“你不想变胖”在我的童年生活中不断重复。这真的打乱了我与食物的关系——这是我花了好几年时间才克服的。）。由此推知，作对自己的被喂养的方式持批评的态度。故选B。
2.(2024新课标I卷)C
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。
3.（2024全国甲卷）B
Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk
A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors.
C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。
关键词句细推敲:
第一步：定位细节——根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。
第二步：揣摩细节——对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。2.切勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。
如何进行引申推断
根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容进行引申推断得出推断结果。引申推断的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，推断出文章中事实的结论，得出新的判断；2.推理判断的结论不是文章中的原句，而是在文章基础上，通过逻辑推理得出的结论。
（1）思维导图
（2）引申推断的设问方式
1. What can be inferred about the ......
2．What can be inferred about ......from the last paragraph
3．What can we learn from ......
4．What can we infer about ...... from the text
（3）错误选项的特点
1. 似是而非：只是对原文信息简单重述，而不是依据文章提供事实依据推断出来的结论。
2. 夸大事实：对文章的事实或证据进行夸大；有时，选项内容与原文一致无需推断。
3. 推理过度：选项往往过于绝对化或片面化(以偏概全)，有时会出现only, all等词语。
4. 掺入常识：根据考生已有常识是正确的，但不是根据文章中的证据推断出来的结论。
（4）解题技巧：
引申推断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
1．定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。
2．字面理解：理解相关信息点字面意义。
3．深层理解：进而理解作者的言外之意。
1．（2025·湖南省长沙市高三新高考适应性考试）Strickland requires his graduate students at MIT to help Paterson construct models for new building projects in the city. Jane Riesman, one of Strickland’s students, has been working with her kids on an educational park that would replace a wasteland of lifeless asphalt (沥青) and grass that stretches between two downtown schools. The surrounding neighborhood is hardly inspiring; pulling-down of a high-rise housing project is underway, showering dust everywhere. But Riesman’s students envision a very different place. One of the student models includes a swimming pool, skating court, climbing wall, sandbox, and a pond with a fountain and lots of trees. “It’s fun, and it makes us feel like we’re in charge and helping the community,” says 15-year-old Marilyn Medina, one of the model’s creators.
What can we infer about Riesman’s students
A．Diligent and innocent. B．Funny and responsible.
C．Honest and trustworthy. D．Imaginative and helpful.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段的句子“But Riesman’s students envision a very different place. One of the student models includes a swimming pool, skating court, climbing wall, sandbox, and a pond with a fountain and lots of trees. “It’s fun, and it makes us feel like we’re in charge and helping the community,” says 15-year-old Marilyn Medina, one of the model’s creators.(但是Riesman的学生们设想了一个完全不同的地方。其中一个学生模型包括一个游泳池、溜冰场、攀岩墙、沙盒和一个带喷泉和许多树木的池塘。15岁的Marilyn Medina是该模型的创造者之一，她说：“这很有趣，让我们觉得自己在负责并帮助社区。”)”可知，Riesman的学生们富有想象力且是乐于助人的。故选D项。
2．（2025·湖南省长沙市高三新高考适应性考试）Today, most AI development happens at data centers. These computer-filled buildings account for some 2 percent US electricity use and 1 percent of global energy use. Some AI experts have sounded an alarm about the threat these energy giants pose.
What does the author imply in the last paragraph
A．AI’s development poses a threat to data centers.
B．The energy consumption of AI can’t be ignored.
C．AI is effectively transforming the way we learn.
D．People should take action to reduce gas emission.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Today, most AI development happens at data centers. These computer-filled buildings account for some 2 percent US electricity use and 1 percent of global energy use. Some AI experts have sounded an alarm about the threat these energy giants pose.(如今，大多数人工智能的开发都发生在数据中心。这些布满计算机的建筑约占美国电力消耗的2%和全球能源消耗的1%。一些人工智能专家对这些能源巨头构成的威胁发出了警报。)”可知，作者在最后一段暗示AI的能源消耗不容忽视。故选B。
3．（2025·湖南省娄底市娄底市名校联盟高三月考）“Even if a company has opportunities for individual contributors to grow, it doesn’t mean you’ll rise to the top smoothly. Partners without their own teams are treated like second-class citizens, and managers have the opportunity to make higher salaries and bonuses than common individual contributors,” says Kristopher Osborne, a company’s senior president of talent. “You are paid a bonus to deal with a lot more issues and challenges,” he says of managers. “People have to be realistic.” He recommends ambitious individual contributors show they’re bringing leadership to the company in different ways, like running strategy initiatives, coaching teammates or bringing new initiatives to the organization on board.
What can be inferred about individual contributors from the last paragraph
A．They can earn more than managers B．They suffer discrimination from partners.
C．They have to show other managing talent. D．They usually tend to set unrealistic target
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“He recommends ambitious individual contributors show they’re bringing leadership to the company in different ways, like running strategy initiatives, coaching teammates or bringing new initiatives to the organization on board.(他建议雄心勃勃的个人贡献者以不同的方式展示他们为公司带来领导力，比如执行战略计划、指导队友或为组织带来新的计划)”可推知，个人贡献者必须展示其他管理才能。故选C项。
考点二 考查目的和意图题
1．（2024·新课标I卷）
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。
1.（2023 新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B）
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fibreglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
( )26.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans.
B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs.
D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱观察自然且爱思考,他利用自然可以自我修复的原理建造了生态机器等设备来净化污水。
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.”可知,多年来,约翰做了许多重要的工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施,可以处理南伯灵顿1600个家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。由此可知,作者提及福州的目的是展示约翰的想法的应用。
2.（2023 新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C篇）
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
( )31.What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一本关于书本的书,该书通过来自世界各地博物馆的艺术作品展现了读书场景在历史中的呈现和超越文化和时间的人性共同点。
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader.”(过去曾经认为持续发展的通讯技术将使印刷页面过时。从21世纪的角度来看,印刷书籍确实是古老的,但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性。)可推知,作者提到电子阅读器是为了说明印刷的书并没有完全过时。故选A项。
此类题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。这类题型要求考生不仅能理解文章的内容，还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及使用的写作手法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
如何判断写作目的和意图
（1）思维导图
（2）目的意图题的设问方式
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text
The purpose of the text is to get more people to _______.
The writer of the story wants to tell us that________.
The fact…is mentioned by the author to show________.
The author writers the last paragraph in order to ________.
（3）解题技巧：
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。
1．（2025·海南省三亚市高三期末）
Cultured Meat: The Future of Dining
Consumers may soon find meat on restaurant menus that has never walked the earth-grown from cells. The product, called “cultured” or “cultivated” meat, is reaching more plates. Cultivated chicken has been available in a Singapore restaurant since 2020, and in June, the U.S. Department of Agriculture approved the sale of cultured chicken by two companies. Over 150 businesses worldwide are trying to bring cultured beef, fish, and pork to market.
31．Why does the author mention Singapore
A．To show its market success. B．To show its early adoption.
C．To emphasize its infrequency. D．To promote Singapore’s cuisine.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Cultivated chicken has been available in a Singapore restaurant since 2020.(自2020年以来，新加坡的一家餐厅就开始提供人造鸡肉。)”可知，作者提到新加坡是为了展示其早期采用人造肉。故选B。
2.（2025·湖南省长沙市高三新高考适应性考试）In 2019, researchers calculated the impact of developing AI model named Transformer. It released a massive 626, 000 pounds of carbon dioxide. That’s equal to the greenhouse gases that would be poured by five American cars from when they were made to when they were junked.
57．Why does the author mention Transformer in paragraph 4
A．To highlight its significance. B．To speak highly of AI’s power.
C．To demonstrate researchers’ creativity. D．To stress its effect on the environment.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“In 2019, researchers calculated the impact of developing AI model named Transformer. It released a massive 626, 000 pounds of carbon dioxide. That’s equal to the greenhouse gases that would be poured by five American cars from when they were made to when they were junked.(2019年，研究人员计算了开发名为Transformer的人工智能模型的影响。它释放了62.6万磅的二氧化碳。这相当于五辆美国汽车从制造到报废所排放的温室气体总量。)”可知，作者提到Transformer是为了说明开发这个AI模型释放了大量的二氧化碳，即为了强调其对环境的影响。故选D。
3.（2025·山东省滨州市高三期末）In 2001, another major oil spill occurred in the waters near Phillip Island, with a total of 438 penguin’s. affected. 96%were successfully rescued and released back into the wild with the help of the Penguin Foundation and these sweaters.
Why are the numbers listed in Paragraph 5
A．To show the severity of the oil spill.
B．To illustrate the achievement of the campaign.
C．To explain the serious conditions of the penguins.
D．To add some background information of the oil spill
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段“In 2001, another major oil spill occurred in the waters near Phillip Island, with a total of 438 penguin’s. affected. 96%were successfully rescued and released back into the wild with the help of the Penguin Foundation and these sweaters.(2001年，菲利普岛附近海域发生了另一起重大石油泄漏事件，共有438只企鹅遇难。受到影响。在企鹅基金会和这些毛衣的帮助下，96%的企鹅成功获救并被放归野外)”可知，第5段列出了这些数字是为了说明运动的成就。故选B。
考点三 考查写作态度题
1.(2024·全国甲卷)
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
【答案】A
【解析】推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。
2.（2023 新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇）
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
( )35.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies
A. Unclear.
B. Dismissive.
C. Doubtful.
D. Approving.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.”可知,虽然纳瓦哈斯领导的研究有局限性,仍然存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此推知,作者对纳瓦哈斯的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。
句中Although是重要的解题信息，它表达了一种语气，预示着作者是正能力的态度，而选项中只有D approving是褒义词。
如何判断观点态度题
（1）思维导图
（2） 观点态度题的设问方式
1.What is the author’s attitude to ......
2. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to......
3. The author’s attitude towards ....... may best be described as .
（3）解题方法：
做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如possible, impossible, seem, strange等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。
褒义词有：supportive(支持的)；positive(积极的)；optimistic(乐观的)；enthusiastic(热情的)等。
贬义词有：negative(否定的，消极的)；ironic(讽刺的)；critical(批评的)；disgusted(厌恶的)；disappointed(失望的)等。
中性词有：indifferent(漠不关心的)；uninterested(不感兴趣的)；objective(客观的)；neutral(中立的)等。
1.（2025·河北省沧州市盐山县河北省盐山中学高三月考）Students say that combining the lessons learned in their engineering classes with real-life engineering challenges is invaluable. “The most useful direct learning comes from Professor Howard’s robotics courses,” says Saunders, who was the team captain. “But the main takeaway is developing team skills and ways of approaching an engineering problem.”
What is Saunders’ attitude towards Thomas Howard
A．Appreciative. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“The most useful direct learning comes from Professor Howard’s robotics courses.(最直接、最有用的学习来自Howard教授的机器人课程。)”可推知，Saunders对Thomas Howard是感激的。故选A。
2.（2025·山东省淄博市高三摸底质量检测）As the industry grows, there will be a continuous focus on sustainable practices, including using renewable energy sources and eco-friendly materials. As technology advances and regulatory rules evolve, eVTOLs are in the wings to become a cornerstone of future urban and regional mobility solutions.
What is the writer’s attitude towards eVTOLs
A．Approving. B．Doubtful. C．Dismissive. D．Indifferent.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“As technology advances and regulatory rules evolve, eVTOLs are in the wings to become a cornerstone of future urban and regional mobility solutions. (随着技术的进步和监管规则的演变，eVTOL飞机将成为未来城市和区域出行解决方案的基石)”可知，作者对eVTOL飞机持赞成态度。A. Approving赞成的；B. Doubtful怀疑的；C. Dismissive不屑一顾的，轻视的；D. Indifferent漠不关心的。故选A。
3.（2025·新疆普通高考适应性检测分学科第二次模拟）Any mention of Ohio may be better than none at all. “We know our worth in the state,” says Delaney Hendershot, an assistant brand manager in Ohio. She runs TikTok and Instagram accounts mostly praising Ohio’s charms, including places to visit, historical facts, companies based there, and Ohioans’ inside jokes. “I would much rather be a part of the conversation than not, because some states truly are forgotten,” Hendershot says.
What is Delaney’s attitude towards the mention of Ohio
A．Dismissive. B．Favorable. C．Opposed. D．Indifferent.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“I would much rather be a part of the conversation than not, because some states truly are forgotten (我宁愿成为对话的一部分，也不愿不参与，因为有些州确实被遗忘了。)”可知，Delaney对Ohio出现在俚语中是支持的。故选B项。
考点四 考查描述人物或事件特征
1.（2025年1月浙江卷）
I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’ re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.”
27. What does the author think of the strategies she has been following
A. Costly. B. Complex. C. Workable. D. Contradictory.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. 我一直在尝试这些策略，我发现当我限制时，它们确实会做出更好的决定。”可知,作者认为她采取的策略是可行的。故选C。
2.（2023 新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B）
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden programme at four low-income schools. The programme aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
( )26.Which of the following best describes the impact of the programme
A. Far-reaching.
B. Predictable.
C. Short-lived.
D. Unidentifiable.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“…the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students…”可知,该项目的好处不仅限于营养。一些学生对园艺工作非常感兴趣,他们会把种子带回家,开始种自己的菜园。此外,在花园工作似乎对Jaramillo的接受特殊教育的学生有镇静作用。由此可推知,这个项目的影响是深远的。故选A项。
描写人物事物特征的形容词
generous慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的; 苛求的; 费力的; 要求极严的; 难满足的；impatient不耐烦的； outgoing外向的；easy-going随和的；organized有条理的；modest谦虚的；optimistic乐观的；cautious小心，谨慎的；caring乐于助人的; 关心他人的; 体贴人的； skillful熟练的; 灵巧的; 擅长于 (at; in); 制作精巧的；responsible负责任的； determined有决心的；modest谦虚的；creative有创造力的；ambitious有雄心的；adventurous冒险的；cooperative 有合作意识的；honest诚实的；capable adj. 有能力的,有才能的；confident adj.自信的；diligent adj.勤奋的；voluntary adj.自愿的,主动的；energetic adj. 精力旺盛的；humorous adj.幽默的；enthusiastic adj.热情的；experienced adj.有经验的；intelligent聪明的; 智能的; 有才智的; 悟性强的; 有智力的; grateful感激的；helpful有帮助的；talkative健谈的；athletic运动型; 体育运动的; 健壮的；patient有耐心的；innovative创新的；tolerant忍受的；positive 积极的；committed坚信的; 尽心尽力的; 坚定的；considerate 体贴的；ashamed惭愧的; regretful后悔的；disappointed失望的；amazed吃惊的；satisfied满意的；disappointed失望的；shocked震惊的；overjoyed过度高兴的；pleased满意的；indifferent冷漠的；sorrowful悲伤的；sympathetic同情的；hardworking勤劳的；embarrassed尴尬的；proud自豪的； courageous勇敢的; 无畏的；independent独立的；sensitive敏感的。
如何判断人物和事件的特征
（1）思维导图
（2）人物和事件特征的设问方式
1．Which of the following best describes......
2．According to the text, which words can best describe ......
3.Which of the following best describe ...... according to Paragraph ...
4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event
5.What did the author think of ......
（3）解题技巧
把描述人物的性格特征的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么样的事迹相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。
1.（2025·云南师范大学附属中学高三月考）Finding fulfilment at the end of life is not that unusual, as it’s possible to feel happiness alongside sadness, and other seemingly conflicting emotions. Simon Boas, who wrote a candid account of living with cancer, passed away on July 15 at the age of 47. He told the reporter: “My pain is under control and I’m terribly happy — it sounds weird to say, but I’m as happy as I’ve ever been in my life.”
How did Simon Boas feel as his death was around the corner
A．Upset. B．Appreciative. C．Desperate. D．Delighted.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“He told the reporter: “My pain is under control and I’m terribly happy — it sounds weird to say, but I’m as happy as I’ve ever been in my life.”(他告诉记者：“我的疼痛得到了控制，我非常高兴——这么说听起来很奇怪，但我现在是我一生中最快乐的时候。”)”可推知，根据Simon Boas的话，他在临终时感到非常快乐。故选D。
2.（2025·安徽省阜阳市高三教学质量统测）The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has called the mosquito “the world’s deadliest animal” because the insects can spread diseases to humans. Research has found that climate change has led to an increased risk of diseases spread by mosquitoes. Last week, Southern Nevada Health District warned residents that the area was experiencing the highest level of mosquito activity in known history, with more than 3,000 mosquitoes testing positive for West Nile virus. “The information that we find in the laboratory has real-world implications and can really help, I think, many people in many different parts of the world,” Riffell said in the video.
What does Jeffrey Riffell think of the research
A．It faces big challenges. B．It’s practically significant.
C．It’s still in the early stages. D．It inspires other researches.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段““The information that we find in the laboratory has real-world implications and can really help, I think, many people in many different parts of the world,” Riffell said in the video.( Riffell在视频中说：‘我们在实验室中发现的信息具有现实意义，我认为可以真正帮助世界上许多不同地区的许多人。’)”可知，Jeffrey Riffell 提到这些在实验室的发现能够对现实世界产生影响，确实能够帮助世界上许多不同地区的很多人。由此可推知，Jeffrey Riffell认为该研究具有重要的现实意义。故选B。
3.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市高三第二次教学质量检测）I had grown up in suburbia (郊区). Life was satisfying, and I had absolutely no intention to live otherwise. But not long after the skydiving, I was hit by a job offer requiring a move to City Chicago. I took the leap and accepted the job. Now, I am seizing the chance to overcome challenges and the fear of what might lie ahead.
What kind of person was the author before skydiving
A．Content and conventional. B．Forgetful and negative.
C．Uncaring and inactive. D．Unsociable and anxious.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“I had grown up in suburbia (郊区). Life was satisfying, and I had absolutely no intention to live otherwise. (我是在郊区长大的。生活是令人满意的，我绝对没有打算过另一种生活。)”可知，在跳伞之前，作者满足现状且传统。故选A。
考点五 考查文章出处
1.（2023 新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C篇）
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
( )28.Where is the text most probably taken from
A. An introduction to a book.
B. An essay on the art of writing.
C.A guidebook to a museum.
D.A review of modern paintings.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world.”(《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》是对一种日常物品——书籍的颂扬,在这本书中,书籍被来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品展示。)及下文内容可知,本文主要是对于《阅读艺术:书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书的介绍。由此可推知,本文可能取自对一本书的介绍。故选A项。
第一步：扫描题干，识别关键词如, poster海报，travel brochure旅游指南，journal杂志，instruction说明书, digest文摘，science journal科学期刊等词。
第二步：浏览全文，特别关注第一段和最后一段，找到文章主旨句。在应用文中，还要重点关注小标题。牢记选项词。
第三步：对文中信息及各类出处综合特点进行对比分析，核对选项。
2.（2023 全国乙卷·阅读理解D篇）
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
( )35.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World.
B. A Short History of Australia.
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects.
D. How Art Works Tell Stories.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that…”和最后一段中“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made…”可知,本书包括了很多能够反映历史的物品。由此可推知,本文最有可能出自《100件文物中的世界史》这本书。故选C项。
如何判断文章出处题
（1）思维导图
（2）文章出处的设问方式
①Where is this text probably taken from
②In which section of a website can the text appear
（3）解题技巧
“推断文章出处”类试题应从文章的内容或结构入手来判断其出处：
旅游指南类文章(a travel guide)：此类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。
广告英语类文章(an advertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。
课件展示类文章(a class presentation)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。
网络网页类文章(an Internet page)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如For more information, please click here.
新闻报道类文章(a news report)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容最重要。
研究报告类文章(a research paper)：此类文章重点介绍科技领域最新研究成果：新发现、新思想、新发明。第一段概括介绍，然后分段陈述。文章结构严谨，语言规范，句式复杂。
图书评论类文章(a book review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。
科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
1.（2025·山东省滨州市高三期末）Whether you plan to head out to the theater or binge from the couch, our critics have gathered together their favorite films of 2024. Have at it!
Flow
Near the outset of Gints’ exquisite animated feature, a grey cat is swept up by a flood, finding itself stuck with a few other animals on a tiny ark of sorts. Featuring cross-species cooperation in the face of a climate crisis, the filmmaker works miracles with computer graphics sending what look like hand-drawn animals into photorealistic backgrounds.
Article 20
Article 20 is a thought-provoking film. It focuses on a legal clause and unfolds a series of events and conflicts around it. The story delves into the impact of this article on different individuals and society, exploring themes of justice, rights, and human nature. With its engaging plot and profound meaning, it prompts the audience to reflect on various aspects of the law and life.
The Room Next Door
In Pedro Almodovar’s latest, Martha (Tilda Swinton) and Ingrid (Julianne Moore) are long lost friends who reconnect after Martha is diagnosed with a terminal illness. The director has adapted Sigrid Nunez’s novel What Are You Going Through for his first English-language feature, and none of his renowned sensibilities are lost in translation.
Tuesday
Julia Louis-Dreyfus gives a career-best performance as Zora, a single mother living with her terminally ill daughter Tuesday. One day, Tuesday is visited by death in the form of a talking parrot who can change size, voiced in a magnificent baritone by Arinze Kene. Zora tries everything to keep him at bay, but is forced to confront her greatest fear.
What might be the text
A．A movie report. B．A review of 2024 movies.
C．A movie recommendation. D．An academic movie study.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Whether you plan to head out to the theater or binge from the couch, our critics have gathered together their favorite films of 2024. Have at it.(无论你是打算去电影院还是窝在沙发上看电影，我们的影评人都为你精选了2024年他们最喜欢的电影。尽情享受吧)”和下文对四部电影的具体介绍可推测出，这篇文章是一篇电影推荐。故选C。
2.（2025·安徽省阜阳市高三期末）Worldwide, the planes, trains and automobiles we use to get around pumped much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, one-fifth of all man-made emissions. Some three-quarters of transport emissions came from road vehicles. Converting road transport to run on green energy would be a huge step towards achieving net zero emissions by mid-century, a change needed if we are to limit global warming to safe levels. This is why policymakers have been pushing car makers to accelerate efforts to bring an end to the manufacture of vehicles fitted with an internal combustion engine (内燃机). In the European Union, the two sides agreed to reach that destination by 2035.However, the deadline was practically difficult to meet. Therefore, they finally arrived at a compromise (折中) solution: new cars with internal combustion engines can continue to be sold after 2035, provided the engines use carbon-neutral (碳中和的) fuels.
Some people in the automotive industry want to keep the internal combustion engine alive. The idea is attractive to short-sighted policymakers, too, because it reduces the expense of charging equipment and to teach people the skills to build and maintain different technologies. However, not all car makers want to delay. Many understand that the transition to electric vehicles will take time, and want to get on with transforming their businesses. They want policy certainty and continuity from governments to allow them to get down to business.
If the electric-vehicle transition is further delayed, there are likely to be bad effects elsewhere that will ultimately put a brake on global decarbonization (脱碳).
The growing global demand for personal mobility means a truly green transport transition will happen only by addressing another factor. Technological innovation will take us only so far: behavioural change is also needed. Alongside a convincing and evidence-based strategy to develop electric vehicles and replace fossil fuels, we must plan and redesign urban environments around the world to encourage active transport — walking and cycling — rather than driving. That surely is the best route to a cleaner, healthier world.
In which section of a newspaper does the text probably appear
A．Culture. B．Opinion. C．Entertainment. D．Lifestyle.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讨论了关于内燃机汽车和电动汽车的政策和观点，以及作者对于未来交通方式的看法，这属于观点类文章，由此可知，最后可能出现在报纸的“评论”板块。故选B。
考点六 考查预测文章走势
1.（2023 全国乙卷·阅读理解C篇）
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
( )31.What might the author continue talking about
A. The art of cooking in other countries.
B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies of big eaters.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章尾句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it s no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking.”可知,随着越来越多的男厨师出现在电视上,男孩喜欢烹饪已经不再是“不酷”的事了。由此可推知,接下来作者可能会接着讨论电视节目上的男厨师们。故选B项。
做这类题时，应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系，对比关系来叙述)，从而作出比较科学的，合情合理的猜测。和原文中表达一致的答案，一定不能选。
2.(2011·安徽卷)
For many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground when electricity was discovered in the 1ate 1800s,people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This al1owed them to people in almost all1 areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used. During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.
63. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows
A. The advantage of wind power.
B. The design of wind power plants.
C. The worldwide movement to save energy.
D. The global trend towards producing power from wind.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind . ( 在20世纪70年代，人们开始担心煤炭和天然气燃烧发电造成的污染。人们还意识到，煤炭和天然气的供应不会永远持续下去。然后，风能被重新发现，尽管这意味着更高的成本。今天，全球正在进行一场运动，希望通过使用风能提供越来越多的电力。)”可知，最后一段讲述了二十世纪七十年代，人们更加注重环保，而且认识到煤和气的短缺；而尽管成本较高，但是风能的特点是洁净并丰富的。如今，全球范围内正在发起利用风能发电的运动。因此推断下一段将会讲述全球利用风能发电的情况。故选D项。
如何判断文章走势
（1）思维导图
（2）文章走势的设问方式
1. What will be discussed further in the coming paragraph
2．What may the researchers do next according to the last paragraph
3．What would the author most probably discuss next
4．Where does the article go next
5.What would the following paragraph talk about
（3）解题技巧
对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做此类题目时，务必把握作者的写作思路，如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测判断。特别要注意文章最后一段的内容及最后几句话。
1．（2025·湖南省长沙市第一中学高三阶段性检测（五））The researchers involved in the studies also have plans to use different age groups in future research to look into the impacts of more personal nostalgic clues rather than common nostalgia ones such as old music and movies.
What will the follow-up study focus on
A．Nostalgic experience types. B．Personal nostalgia effects.
C．The impact of nostalgia on all age groups. D．The reason for the popularity of nostalgia.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“The researchers involved in the studies also have plans to use different age groups in future research to look into the impacts of more personal nostalgic clues rather than common nostalgia ones such as old music and movies.(参与研究的研究人员还计划在未来的研究中使用不同的年龄组来研究更多个人怀旧线索的影响，而不是像老音乐和电影这样的常见怀旧线索)”可知，研究人员计划在未来的研究中接触不同年龄组的受试者来研究更多个人怀旧线索的影响。由此可推知，后续研究的重点应为个人怀旧效应。故选B。
2.（2025·山东省淄博市高三摸底质量检测）There remains one important area for further research which is to consider how benchmarks should be adjusted for language differences. Crawford group uses standard, confirmed English-language benchmarks for assessing children’s early literacy skills. But languages differ in their complexity, and some are more, or less, straightforward for learning skills such as decoding or reading fluency. Criterion tailored to language or group of languages would ensure appropriate expectations for children’s skill levels and progress, and enable more accurate comparisons across languages.
What will the follow-up research focus on
A．Standardizing curricula. B．Developing accurate testing methods.
C．Increasing educational fund. D．Adjusting criteria to different languages.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Criterion tailored to language or group of languages would ensure appropriate expectations for children’s skill levels and progress, and enable more accurate comparisons across languages.(为语言或语言组量身定制的标准将确保对儿童技能水平和进步的适当期望，并使不同语言之间的比较更加准确)”可知，后续的研究重点是根据不同的语言调整标准。故选D。
3.（2025·新疆普通高考适应性检测分学科第二次模拟）Wind chill and other estimates of how cold it feels outside are ultimately forecasted to help inform people about potentially deadly weather. Everyone ought to remember that dangerous health issues, especially when wind chill is at its most extreme, can take hold in minutes. So you’d better stay inside when there’s risk of frostbite or hypothermia. But if you must go outside, it is necessary and vital for you to plan accordingly.
What will be continued to discuss
A．Ways to prevent wind chill outdoors.
B．The signs of suffering from frostbites.
C．Advantages of staying inside in winter.
D．The consequences of severe wind chill.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“But if you must go outside, it is necessary and vital for you to plan accordingly.(但如果你必须外出，那么做出相应的计划是必要的，也是至关重要的)”可推知，接下来将会继续讨论在户外防止风寒的方法。故选A。
4.（2025·辽宁省名校联盟高考模拟卷（调研卷）英语试题（一））There are endless numbers of practical applications for this new window coating, from commercial use to residential use, and even for use in the automotive industry.
What will the text possibly talk about in the following paragraphs
A．The coating’s other potential applications.
B．The underlying logic of the coating’s function.
C．The history and development of window coatings.
D．Further study to seek new materials for the coating.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are endless numbers of practical applications for this new window coating, from commercial use to residential use, and even for use in the automotive industry.(这种新的窗户涂层有无数的实际应用，从商业用途到住宅用途，甚至用于汽车行业)”可推知，接下来的段落中，文章可能会讨论该涂层的其他潜在应用。故选A。
考点七 考查写作手法
（2012 全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解D篇）
Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试) increase the length of time we will remember it.
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.
68.The author explains the law of over learning by_________.
A. presenting research findings
B. setting down general rules
C. making a comparison
D. using examples
【答案】D
【解析】根据文章的内容可知：作者采用了举例子的说明方法。比如：practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them和The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。
写作手法题解题指导
类型
1、指文章的组织方式；2、全文或某个段落所运用的写作方法。
题目特点:
How did the researchers carry out the new study
How did researchers collect evidence for the study
How did the researchers reach their conclusion
This advertisement is made more believable by
The author supports his view by
How did the two professors reach the conclusion of their study
In which way did researchers draw a conclusion
必备词汇:
by analyzing different categories分析不同的类别
analyzing the reasons分析原因
classifying分类
comparing data比较数据
comparing the statistics比较统计数据
conducting experiments进行实验
写作手法题解题技巧
根据"原文定位"来判断
先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。
①by giving examples 通过举例。标志词:for example，for instance
②by analyzing causes通过分析原因。标志词:as a result/consequence!ens
③by giving definition通过下定义。标志词:that is to say
④by listing data statistics/figures通过列数字。标志词:具体数字
⑤by describing a process通过描述过程。标志词:first，second，third，finally
⑥by following time order遵作时间顺序。标志词:in1920，in the 1940s，nowadays
⑦by making comparison/contrast通过对比。标志词:but, while,
⑧by making classifications 过分类。标志词:first.next.then
⑨by analyzing cause and effect 通过分析因果。标志词:That is because....
⑩by following space order 遵循空间顺序。标志词:由近及远，由外到内
（2025·辽宁省朝阳市建平县高级中学高三月考）Closer analysis revealed that the middle of each long call had a regular tempo of long “ooo” sounds, but the beginning and end had bursts of shorter “ooo” sounds. Crucially, the shorter sequences were nested inside longer sequences. This is similar to a feature of human language called recursion (递归) . We can create complex sentences by nesting an extra phrase in the middle of a sentence, as with: “The dog, which ran after the cat, was barking”. The orangutans’ long calls had a similar recursive structure.
How did the author explain the recursive structure
A．By giving examples. B．By analyzing samples.
C．By conducting analysis. D．By telling stories.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“We can create complex sentences by nesting an extra phrase in the middle of a sentence, as with: “The dog, which ran after the cat, was barking”. The orangutans’ long calls had a similar recursive structure.( 我们可以通过在句子中间嵌套一个额外的短语来创建复杂的句子，比如：‘狗在追猫，狗在叫’。猩猩的长叫声也有类似的递归结构。)”可知，此处以举例的方式来说明递归结构，然后指出红毛猩猩的长叫唤也有类似的递归结构。由此可知，作者是通过举例子来解释递归结构。故选A。
考点八 考查读者对象
（湖南、江西、安徽等地）高三联考·阅读理解A）
Write a one-page report titled “The Best Book I Read This Year” and enter it in the Boys’ Life 2020 “Say Yes to Reading!” contest.
The book can be fiction or nonfiction. But the report has to be in your own words — 500words tops. Enter in one of these three age categories:
8 years old and younger
9 and 10 years old
11 years old and older
First-place winners in each age category will receive a $100 gift card from Amazon.com. Second-place winners will receive a $75 gift card; third-place winners, a $50 gift card.
Everyone who enters will get a free patch like the one on this page. The patch is a temporary sign, so it can be worn on the right pocket of the Scout uniform shirt. Proudly display it there or on another item such as a vest, plaque or trophy! In coming years, you’ll have the opportunity to earn other patches.
The contest is open to all Boys’ Life readers. Be sure to include your name, address, age and grade in school on the entry.
Send your report, along with a business-size, self-addressed, stamped envelope, to:
Boys’ Life Reading Contest
S306
P.O. Box 152079
Irving, TX 75015-2079
Entries must be postmarked by Dec. 31, 2020 and must include entry information and a self-addressed, stamped envelope.
Who are the contest intended for
A．All school students. B．Only teenagers. C．Boy’s Life readers. D．Boy students.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“The contest is open to all Boys’ Life readers(比赛面向所有《男孩生活》的读者开放)”可知，该比赛面向所有《男孩生活》读者。故选C。
如何解决读者对象题？
做此类题目通常从文章内容入手，明确所谈话题及具体内容，体会作者使用的语言适合于哪一群体，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，从而得出正确判断。
读者对象题解题指导
1.【提问方式】
1) Who is the passage written for_____
2) The text is written mainly for_____.
3) Who are the intended readers of the passage
4) The passage is probably written for______.
5) Who might be most interested in this piece of information
6) The passage is probably written by________.
2.【技巧点拨】
要理解短文内容，特别是要从作者的措辞和语气去判断这篇文章是为谁而写和哪些人写的。
（2025·广东省建文教育集团两学部第二次模拟）Seeking to embark on a vacation with your quadrupedal companion？Presented herein are the most accommodating establishments for pets across the United Kingdom.
Who is this text intended for？ ______
A．Visitors to the UK. B．Four-legged friends.
C．Pet owners. D．Travellers with puppies.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Seeking to embark on a vacation with your quadrupedal companion？Presented herein are the most accommodating establishments for pets across the United Kingdom. (想和你的四足伴侣一起去度假吗？这里展示的是全英国最适合宠物的场所。)”可知，文章详细介绍了四家英国酒店，它们都对宠物友好，提供了各种便利设施和服务，让宠物和主人能够享受愉快的假期。所以短文的对象是宠物主人。故选C。
考点九 考查文章结构
（北京卷·阅读理解）
Wilderness
“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.
As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is
