八大句子成分和七大基本句型讲义-2025届高三英语复习
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| 名称 | 八大句子成分和七大基本句型讲义-2025届高三英语复习 |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 63.9KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-03-29 11:31:56 | ||
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八大句子成分和七大基本句型
一．句子成分有八个：
主语、谓语、宾语、定语、
状语、补语、表语、同位语
主语(subject):在一个句子中充当主角,是全句述说的对象。
谓语(predicate):是主角(主语)做的动作，帮助说明主语宾语(object):动作作用的对象也是句子中的配角。
定语(attribute):修饰限定名词。
状语(adverbial):也是修饰作用:表状态，说明地点，时间，原因，结果，条件，方式，方向，程度等等。
补语(complement):对句子进行补充,使其意义完整。
表语(predicative):-也成为主语的补语，表示主语的状态。
同位语(appositive):同位语是前面名词的影分身，它和前面的名词可互换。
课堂检测：
分析黑体部分在句中所作的成分
1．The early bird catches the worm.__________
2．They are birds of a feather. __________
3．I heard the birds singing. __________
4．She bought the bird a cage. __________
5．This is a picture. __________
6．The manager asked the college student to come in.__________
7．Yesterday, l ate two hamburgers. __________
二．Sentence Structures 句子结构
主语+谓语
I agree. _____________
Setting goals gives you a focus in life._____________________
These habits will be helpful. ______________________
Finally,setting goals makes you more confident. __________________
you will live a happy life._____________________
Rule 1
The subject(主语) and the __________ are necessary parts of a sentence.
Rule 2:
A transitive verb（及物动词） is always followed by a(n) _________. Objects (宾语)are usually _______ or ___________._
1. Your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential.
2. The path before you leads to a world full of challenges.
3. Potential can be developed when you try hard enough.
Rule 3: Some verbs can have two objects.
The indirect object（间接宾语） usually refers to a person and the direct object（直接宾语） a thing.
Rule 4: The object complement（宾补） adds more information about the object.
Practice
Match the sentences below with the correct structures.
a. SV b. SVP c. SVO d. SVOO
e. SVOC f. SVA g. SVOA
1.Weather matters a great deal. ( )
2. School meals are fresh and healthy. ( )
3. Our school offers students a balanced diet. ( )
4. A balanced diet keeps the body healthy. ( )
5. Students have fresh fruit and vegetables. ( )
Match the sentence below with the correct structures.
a. SV b. SVP c. SVO d. SVOO
e. SVOC f. SVA g. SVOA
6. Amy likes watching English films very much. ( )
7. English learning is interesting, meaningful and practical. ( )
8. Focusing on using English makes English learning more
effective. ( )
9. The speech began. ( )
10. She acquires a good knowledge of English. ( )
Subject:——
Verb:
Object:
Predicative:
Object complement:
Adverbial:[ ]
Attributive:( )
Example
You will enjoy (personal) growth [at (high) school].
1.You will find senior high school different from juniorhigh school.
2 Your schoolwork will be more challenging.
3 We will give you more independence.
4 You should listen more carefully.
5 You can join a club.
6 Your teachers will help you in many ways.
7 You will succeed!
a SV b SVP c SVO d SVOO e SVOC f SVA g SVOA
Setting goals is the first step in achieving them. (1) The tips below may help you.( )Set goals that can be achieved, Don't push yourself to achieve more than whatis possible. Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.Break big goals into small ones. When you do so, (2) they will seem easier to reach.( )You will be proud of yourself when you realize each small goal. (3) This will also give you the encouragement to achieve your long-term goal.( )Write your goals on paper, It is a good idea to put your goals where you cansee them. (4) You can keep the list on your bedside table.( )Or you can stick it onyour bedroom wall. This will remind you of what you are working for and keep youfocused.
After you set a goal, it is important to stick to it and work hard towards it. (5) You may find achieving goals difficult.( )But (6) you should not give up. ( ) Instead.stay positive and confident. (7) You will succeed in the end.( )
Match the sentences below with the correct structures.Write the letters in the brackets.
a SV c SVO e SVOC g SVOA
b SVP d SVOO f SVA
1Weather matters a great deal.( )
2 School meals are fresh and healthy.( )
3 Our school offers students a balanced diet.( )
4 A balanced diet keeps the body healthy.( )
5 Students have fresh fruit and vegetables.( )
6 Amy likes watching English films very much.( )
7 English learning is interesting, meaningful and practical. ( )
8 Focusing on using English makes English learning more effective.( )
9 The speech began.( )
10 She acquires a good knowledge of English.( )
判断下列句子成分。
1.Every second counts．________________。
每一秒都很宝贵；
2.And he stressed the importance of working with our own hands．_______________________
而且他强调了我们动手劳动的重要性。
3.Our efforts paid off．________________________。
我们的努力得到了回报。
4.I appreciated my maths teacher's praise and encouragement．
我感谢我的数学老师的称赞和鼓励。
5.We feel at ease in school uniform every day._____________________
每天我们穿着校服感到很轻松。
6.Now I would like to offer you some advice．____________________
现在我想给你提供一些建议。
7.To be frank, studying for a degree in a different culture is never easy．_______________
坦率地讲，在一个不同的文化环境中学习并获得一个学位绝非易事。
8.First he showed us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines.________________
首先他向我们展示了做面人的基本步骤和技能。
9.The traditional Chinese clothes will make the occasion very Chinese and inviting to the British guests.____________________________________
这种中国传统服装可使得这个场合中国味十足，对英国客人极具吸引力。
10.I am writing to apply to be a volunteer． _______________________
我写信的目的是申请做志愿者。
I'm writing this email to express my gratitude to you for your help． 我写这封邮件以表达我对你帮助的感谢。________________________
12.What's more, the stadium opens from 9 a．m. to 5 p．m. Monday to Friday．________________
另外，体育馆开放时间是周一至周五的上午9点到下午5点。
七选五
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
语法填空
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ____59____ (close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time. These plants included modern Western ____62____ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands ____63____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _____65_____ (rich) of gardening in England.
假定你是李华，你的朋友Rebecca写信告诉你，她的母亲过度关注她的学习，希望她把时间都用在学习上，她感到压力很大，心情低落。请给她写一封信，给出你的建议，帮助她摆脱困境。要点如下：
1. 安慰对方；
2. 提出建议
注意：1. 词数100左右（开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数）；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。)
Dear Rebecca,
I'm sorry to hear that you're feeling anxious about the pressure from your mother. I’m only too willing to help you and my tips are as follows.
To begin with, I would suggest having an open and honest conversation with your mother about your feelings. You should let her know that you appreciate her support and concern, but relaxation and leisure are also an essential part of a healthy and fulfilled（充实的）munication is key, and it will help her understand your perspective. In addition, if possible, you could involve your teachers or school counselors in the conversation. They can provide insights into your progress and reassure your mother about your dedication to your studies.
I hope these suggestions can help you address the problems with your mother. Wishing you strength and understanding in this journey.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
亲爱的丽贝卡：
得知你因来自母亲的压力而感到焦虑，我很遗憾。我非常愿意帮助你，以下是我的一些建议。
首先，我建议你和母亲开诚布公地谈一谈你的感受。你应该让她知道你感激她的支持和关心，但放松和休闲也是健康、充实生活中不可或缺的一部分。沟通是关键，这将有助于她理解你的想法。此外，如果可能的话，你可以让你的老师或学校辅导员参与到这次谈话中来。他们可以介绍你在学业上的进展情况，让你的母亲放心，知道你在认真对待学习。
我希望这些建议能帮助你解决和母亲之间的问题。祝你在这个过程中获得力量并得到理解。
你诚挚的， 李华
一．句子成分有八个：
主语、谓语、宾语、定语、
状语、补语、表语、同位语
主语(subject):在一个句子中充当主角,是全句述说的对象。
谓语(predicate):是主角(主语)做的动作，帮助说明主语宾语(object):动作作用的对象也是句子中的配角。
定语(attribute):修饰限定名词。
状语(adverbial):也是修饰作用:表状态，说明地点，时间，原因，结果，条件，方式，方向，程度等等。
补语(complement):对句子进行补充,使其意义完整。
表语(predicative):-也成为主语的补语，表示主语的状态。
同位语(appositive):同位语是前面名词的影分身，它和前面的名词可互换。
课堂检测：
分析黑体部分在句中所作的成分
1．The early bird catches the worm.__________
2．They are birds of a feather. __________
3．I heard the birds singing. __________
4．She bought the bird a cage. __________
5．This is a picture. __________
6．The manager asked the college student to come in.__________
7．Yesterday, l ate two hamburgers. __________
二．Sentence Structures 句子结构
主语+谓语
I agree. _____________
Setting goals gives you a focus in life._____________________
These habits will be helpful. ______________________
Finally,setting goals makes you more confident. __________________
you will live a happy life._____________________
Rule 1
The subject(主语) and the __________ are necessary parts of a sentence.
Rule 2:
A transitive verb（及物动词） is always followed by a(n) _________. Objects (宾语)are usually _______ or ___________._
1. Your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential.
2. The path before you leads to a world full of challenges.
3. Potential can be developed when you try hard enough.
Rule 3: Some verbs can have two objects.
The indirect object（间接宾语） usually refers to a person and the direct object（直接宾语） a thing.
Rule 4: The object complement（宾补） adds more information about the object.
Practice
Match the sentences below with the correct structures.
a. SV b. SVP c. SVO d. SVOO
e. SVOC f. SVA g. SVOA
1.Weather matters a great deal. ( )
2. School meals are fresh and healthy. ( )
3. Our school offers students a balanced diet. ( )
4. A balanced diet keeps the body healthy. ( )
5. Students have fresh fruit and vegetables. ( )
Match the sentence below with the correct structures.
a. SV b. SVP c. SVO d. SVOO
e. SVOC f. SVA g. SVOA
6. Amy likes watching English films very much. ( )
7. English learning is interesting, meaningful and practical. ( )
8. Focusing on using English makes English learning more
effective. ( )
9. The speech began. ( )
10. She acquires a good knowledge of English. ( )
Subject:——
Verb:
Object:
Predicative:
Object complement:
Adverbial:[ ]
Attributive:( )
Example
You will enjoy (personal) growth [at (high) school].
1.You will find senior high school different from juniorhigh school.
2 Your schoolwork will be more challenging.
3 We will give you more independence.
4 You should listen more carefully.
5 You can join a club.
6 Your teachers will help you in many ways.
7 You will succeed!
a SV b SVP c SVO d SVOO e SVOC f SVA g SVOA
Setting goals is the first step in achieving them. (1) The tips below may help you.( )Set goals that can be achieved, Don't push yourself to achieve more than whatis possible. Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.Break big goals into small ones. When you do so, (2) they will seem easier to reach.( )You will be proud of yourself when you realize each small goal. (3) This will also give you the encouragement to achieve your long-term goal.( )Write your goals on paper, It is a good idea to put your goals where you cansee them. (4) You can keep the list on your bedside table.( )Or you can stick it onyour bedroom wall. This will remind you of what you are working for and keep youfocused.
After you set a goal, it is important to stick to it and work hard towards it. (5) You may find achieving goals difficult.( )But (6) you should not give up. ( ) Instead.stay positive and confident. (7) You will succeed in the end.( )
Match the sentences below with the correct structures.Write the letters in the brackets.
a SV c SVO e SVOC g SVOA
b SVP d SVOO f SVA
1Weather matters a great deal.( )
2 School meals are fresh and healthy.( )
3 Our school offers students a balanced diet.( )
4 A balanced diet keeps the body healthy.( )
5 Students have fresh fruit and vegetables.( )
6 Amy likes watching English films very much.( )
7 English learning is interesting, meaningful and practical. ( )
8 Focusing on using English makes English learning more effective.( )
9 The speech began.( )
10 She acquires a good knowledge of English.( )
判断下列句子成分。
1.Every second counts．________________。
每一秒都很宝贵；
2.And he stressed the importance of working with our own hands．_______________________
而且他强调了我们动手劳动的重要性。
3.Our efforts paid off．________________________。
我们的努力得到了回报。
4.I appreciated my maths teacher's praise and encouragement．
我感谢我的数学老师的称赞和鼓励。
5.We feel at ease in school uniform every day._____________________
每天我们穿着校服感到很轻松。
6.Now I would like to offer you some advice．____________________
现在我想给你提供一些建议。
7.To be frank, studying for a degree in a different culture is never easy．_______________
坦率地讲，在一个不同的文化环境中学习并获得一个学位绝非易事。
8.First he showed us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines.________________
首先他向我们展示了做面人的基本步骤和技能。
9.The traditional Chinese clothes will make the occasion very Chinese and inviting to the British guests.____________________________________
这种中国传统服装可使得这个场合中国味十足，对英国客人极具吸引力。
10.I am writing to apply to be a volunteer． _______________________
我写信的目的是申请做志愿者。
I'm writing this email to express my gratitude to you for your help． 我写这封邮件以表达我对你帮助的感谢。________________________
12.What's more, the stadium opens from 9 a．m. to 5 p．m. Monday to Friday．________________
另外，体育馆开放时间是周一至周五的上午9点到下午5点。
七选五
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
语法填空
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ____59____ (close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time. These plants included modern Western ____62____ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands ____63____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _____65_____ (rich) of gardening in England.
假定你是李华，你的朋友Rebecca写信告诉你，她的母亲过度关注她的学习，希望她把时间都用在学习上，她感到压力很大，心情低落。请给她写一封信，给出你的建议，帮助她摆脱困境。要点如下：
1. 安慰对方；
2. 提出建议
注意：1. 词数100左右（开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数）；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。)
Dear Rebecca,
I'm sorry to hear that you're feeling anxious about the pressure from your mother. I’m only too willing to help you and my tips are as follows.
To begin with, I would suggest having an open and honest conversation with your mother about your feelings. You should let her know that you appreciate her support and concern, but relaxation and leisure are also an essential part of a healthy and fulfilled（充实的）munication is key, and it will help her understand your perspective. In addition, if possible, you could involve your teachers or school counselors in the conversation. They can provide insights into your progress and reassure your mother about your dedication to your studies.
I hope these suggestions can help you address the problems with your mother. Wishing you strength and understanding in this journey.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
亲爱的丽贝卡：
得知你因来自母亲的压力而感到焦虑，我很遗憾。我非常愿意帮助你，以下是我的一些建议。
首先，我建议你和母亲开诚布公地谈一谈你的感受。你应该让她知道你感激她的支持和关心，但放松和休闲也是健康、充实生活中不可或缺的一部分。沟通是关键，这将有助于她理解你的想法。此外，如果可能的话，你可以让你的老师或学校辅导员参与到这次谈话中来。他们可以介绍你在学业上的进展情况，让你的母亲放心，知道你在认真对待学习。
我希望这些建议能帮助你解决和母亲之间的问题。祝你在这个过程中获得力量并得到理解。
你诚挚的， 李华