人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单词知识清单学案（无答案）

Unit 6 词汇学案
Understanding ideas部分
weekly week (n 周) + -ly (每隔……时间)
同类词：daily, hourly, monthly, yearly
inspector inspect (v 仔细检查) + -or (……的人)
同族词：inspect, inspection, inspector
insist in- (upon 在……之上) + sist (to stand 站) → 站在自己的立场上 → 坚决要求、坚持认为
同根词：resist, assist
词块：insist on / upon, insist (that) … (should) do sth
secrecy secret (n 秘密) + -cy (名词后缀：表示状态或性质)
shaving shave (v 剃 / 刮胡子) + -ing
faintly faint (adj 微弱的、眩晕的) + -ly (副词后缀)
dispose dis- (apart 分开) + pos (to place 放置) + -e (动词后缀) → 分开放置 → 排列；布置
prospect pro- (forward 向前) + spect (look at 看) → 向前看到的事物 (基本义)
同根词：expect, respect, inspect, suspect, aspect
redden red + -en (使)
同后缀词：flatten, brighten, threaten, sharpen
glare glare 作动词指怒目而视，后常接 at / into / round 等；stare 指长时间盯着看，后常接 at；
glance 指浏览、粗略地看，后常接 at / down / over / through 等
bend 一词多义：基本义“(使) 弯曲”
词块：bend down / over
rhyme 不要与 rhythm 混淆
词块：in rhyme, rhyme with
innocent 词块：be innocent of
词族：innocent, innocence, innocently
bloom 名词动词化：开花
charm 名词动词化：吸引、使陶醉；
派生词：charming
fade 隐喻：具体物体的“褪色” → 抽象物体的“褪色”→ 逐渐消失
词块：fade away
pile 词块：a pile of, pile up
名词动词化：堆放；摞起
gentle 派生词：gently, gentleness
sweep 隐喻：具体的“扫” → 抽象的“扫”→ 袭击；席卷
词块：sweep away, sweep up, sweep the floor
insist
构词：in- (upon 在……之上) + sist (to stand 站) → 站在自己的立场上 → 坚决要求；坚持认为
同根词：
resist: re- (against 对抗) + sist (to stand) → 与某人相对而立 → 抗拒；抵抗
assist: as- (to) + sist (to stand) → 站在某人身边 → 帮助
① 坚持；坚决要求 to demand that sth should happen：
— Why don’t you call them up today
— OK, if you insist.
insist on / upon (doing) sth:
Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
insist + (that) … (should) do sth:
He insisted (that) the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.
② 坚持说；坚持认为 to say firmly that sth is true, especially when others don’t believe you：
insist on sth:
He insisted on his innocence.
insist + (that) 从句：
He insisted that he was right.
注：insist 表示“坚持”和“坚决要求”时，that 从句中用虚拟语气；而表示“坚持说”和“坚持认为”时则不用。
prospect n
pro- (forward 向前) + spect (look at 看) → 向前看到的事物 (基本义)
① [C]［正式用语］］（尤指从高处看到的）景象；景色 a view of a wide area of land, especially from a high place：
There was indeed something curiously disturbing about the whole prospect.
② [U] 可能性 the possibility that sth will happen：
There’s little prospect of better weather before next week.
③［单数］展望；设想 an idea of what might or will happen in the future：
The prospect of welcoming exchange students to our school is very exciting.
She was overjoyed at the prospect of visiting Paris.
④ [C]［用复数］成功的机会；前景；前途 the chances of being successful：
job / career prospects
young people with brilliant prospects
bend v
① vt & vi（使）弯曲：
The roofs are thick with snow and the trees are all bending.
He bent the wire into the shape of a square.
② vi & vt （使） 倾侧；俯身；（使）弯腰：
You have to bend your knees to sit down.
He bent down / over and picked up a book from the floor.
③ vi（路）转弯：
The road bends to the right after a few yards.
n [C] （尤指道路或河流的）拐弯；弯道：
a sharp bend in the road
【词汇拓展】
bent
■ adj 弯曲的；驼背的；弯腰的：
a bent old man
(be) bent on (doing) sth 下决心做某事
■ n［常用单数］［正式用语］爱好；天分：
She has a natural bent for music.
后缀 -en
将所给单词加上后缀 -en 构成新词，并说出其词性及汉语释义。
flat + -en → flatten v（使）变平
dark + -en → darken v（使）变暗 /黑
red + -en → redden v（使）变红
gold + -en →golden adj 金的；金（黄）色的
wood + -en → wooden adj 木制的；木头的
broad + -en → broaden v（使）变宽；（使）扩大
wool + -en → wool(l)en adj 羊毛制的；毛线的
silk + -en →silken adj 丝制的；丝绸的
loose + -en →loosen v（使）变松；松开
动词后缀-en 意为 “to make or become”，由后缀-en构成的动词大多都含有“使”“使成为”之意。
形容词后缀-en 意为 “made of; looking like”，由后缀-en构成的形容词大多都含有“由……制成（或构成）”“像……一样”之意。
前缀 en-
将所给单词加上前缀en-构成新词，并说出其词性及汉语释义。
en- + large →enlarge v 扩大；扩充；放大
en- + danger → endanger v 使遭危险；危及；危害
en- + close → enclose v 围住；装入；附上
en- + circle → encircle v 环绕；围绕；包围
en- + sure →ensure v 确保；保证
en- + fold → enfold v 包起；围住；裹住
en- + list → enlist v（使）入伍；征募
sweep (swept, swept) vt & vi
① 扫；打扫；扫除：
sweep the floor / the dust
Tomb Sweeping Day
② 横扫；掠过；（暴风雨等）袭击；席卷：
A rare snowstorm swept across the region yesterday.
The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows.
“Red envelope” fever has swept the country.
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除：
The floods swept away all the houses.
sweep up 打扫；清扫
名词动词化
说出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。
1. A pile of clothes were piled high on the chair. 堆放 / 叠放
2. These beautiful red blooms will bloom all through the summer. 开花 / 绽放
3. He spent the morning laying the new carpet and the room was carpeted in blue. 在……上铺地毯
4. The speaker was a lady of great charm. She charmed her listeners with her sweet voice. 吸引
5. — We will load the car in ten minutes and go to pick you up. 给……装货
— Don’t worry. There’s loads of time.
6. Seeing people waving flags and cheering, I felt a wave of pride. 挥舞
Early humans shaped tools out of stone. They are widely different in size and shape.
塑造 / 使成型 / 制作
8. Compare and contrast the main characters of these two novels. You’ll find there is a striking contrast between 对比
本单元金句汇总
1. He insisted (that) the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.
2. She was overjoyed at the prospect of visiting Paris.
3. He bent down / over and picked up a book from the floor.
随堂检测
insist
将下列句子译成英语。
1. 我坚决要求立即答复。
__________________________________________________
2. 老师坚持要每个学生都来参加聚会。
__________________________________________________
3. 他坚持认为自己是对的。
__________________________________________________
prospect
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. There is every prospect of the weather remaining dry this week. ______________
2. He’s hoping the course will improve his career prospects. _________________
3. From the restaurant there was a splendid prospect over the mountain and the countryside beyond. __________
bend
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. You need a special tool to bend steel. ___________
2. I bent down to lift the box off the floor. ___________
3. The roads bends to the left after the first set of traffic lights. ___________
4. Watch out for sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly. ___________
sweep
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. At the Beijing Olympics she swept away any doubts about her ability. ____________
2. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage has been caused by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. _____________
3. Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. _____________
Developing ideas部分
ban 近义词：prohibit
反义词：allow / permit
词块：ban sb from (doing) sth, a ban on
puzzled puzzle (v 使迷惑) — puzzled (分词形容词)
词族：puzzle, puzzled, puzzling
backyard 合成词：back (adj 后面的) + yard (n 院子)
tremble 词块：tremble with fear
alert 词块：alert sb to do sth
knowingly knowing (adj 会意的) + -ly (副词后缀)
dozen 音译词：（一）打
词块：dozens of (近义词：lots of)
thorough through 拼写变体，表示强调，引申义“彻底的；完全的” ；
派生词：thoroughly
precise pre- (before 在前面) + cise (to cut 剪切) → 把前面的剪掉，使刚刚好→ 精确的
近义词：exact；
派生词：precisely
launch 词源义“投掷 (长矛)”，引申词义“发射；发动”(可联系神舟十三号)
reputation 词块：have a reputation for, deserve a reputation, earn / gain / acquire a good reputation as
elegance elegant — elegance
passionate passion + -ate (形容词后缀)
词块：be passionate about
ban
词源故事
在欧洲的封建时期，封建领主在自己的领地上拥有许多特权，其中之一便是领主可以发布公告，强制要求领地内所有居民做某事或禁止做某事，如要求居民给领主服兵役、禁止在领主的土地上狩猎、捕鱼等。领主所发布的这种公告就是ban。后来，ban的词义逐渐缩小为“禁止做某事”。
反义词：allow / permit
① vt 禁止；取缔：
The Government has banned the use of chemical weapons.
ban sb from (doing) sth:
She was banned from the game for two years after failing a drug test.
② n [C]［常用单数］禁止；禁令：
They are now protected by an international ban on whaling.
launch
据词源考证，launch来自 lance“长矛”，原指“掷出长矛”，词源义及基本义为“投掷”。
① 使（船）下水；发射：
launch a lifeboat / rocket / satellite
The Shenzhou-17 manned spaceship was launched into space on Oct 26, 2023.
② 开始从事；发动；创办 to start sth big or important：
launch a campaign / an attack
③ 把……投放市场 to make a new product available for sale for the first time：
They held a special party to launch the new book.
n [C] [常用单数] 发射；（新产品的）投放市场；（新书的）发行：
Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world.
the launch of the first artificial satellite
随堂检测
ban
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. John was banned _________ the meeting.
2. There should be a ban _________ talking loudly in cinemas.
二、将下列句子译成英语。
1. 室内公共区域和工作场所禁止吸烟。
_____________________________________________________
2. 他被禁止驾驶六个月。
_________________________________________________________
launch
写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。
1. They plan to launch the rocket next year. ___________
2. The organisation has launched a campaign to raise $150,000. ___________
3. The company hopes to launch the new product by next October. ___________
4. When Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called GooseHead. ___________
5. Double-click on an icon（图标）to launch an application. ___________