2025年人教版英语中考专项复习---动词时态与语态（含答案）

动词时态与语态
一、动词时态与变形规则详解
1. 动词第三人称单数（-s/-es）变形规则
规则 例词 例句 易错点
直接加-s work → works She works hard every day. 漏加-s（He work → works）
以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾加-es go → goes, wash → washes He goes to school. 误加-s（watchs → watches）
辅音+y结尾变y为i加-es study → studies Tom studies math. 误加-s（studys → studies）
记忆口诀：
“s, x, ch, sh, o，尾巴加es别漏掉；辅音+y要变i，再加es要记牢！”
2. 动词现在分词（-ing）变形规则
规则 例词 例句 易错点
直接加-ing play → playing They are playing soccer. 误加双写（swiming → swimming）
去e加-ing write → writing She is writing a letter. 保留e（writeing → writing）
双写末辅音加-ing run → running He is running fast. 不双写（runing → running）
双写规则条件：
动词以单个元音字母+单个辅音字母结尾（如：sit → sitting）。
重音在最后一个音节（如：begin → beginning）。
记忆口诀：
“辅元辅，重读闭，双写尾巴再加ing！”
3. 动词过去式与过去分词（-ed）变形规则
规则 例词 例句（过去式） 易错点
直接加-ed work → worked She worked yesterday. 误加双写（stopd → stopped）
以e结尾加-d live → lived He lived in Beijing. 误加-ed（liveed → lived）
辅音+y结尾变y为i加-ed study → studied They studied English. 误加-ed（studed → studied）
双写末辅音加-ed stop → stopped The car stopped suddenly. 不双写（stoped → stopped）
不规则动词分类：
类型 例词（原形→过去式→过去分词） 例句
AAA型（不变） cut → cut → cut He cut his finger.
ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形） build → built → built They built a house.
ABC型（三者不同） sing → sang → sung She sang a song.
记忆口诀：
“规则动词加ed，双写辅音要小心；不规则动词分三类，AAA、ABB、ABC！”
二、动词时态对比与被动语态结构
1. 六大时态结构与用法对比
时态 结构公式 核心用法 时间状语 被动语态结构
一般现在时 主语 + V原形/V三单 习惯、真理 every day, often am/is/are + V过去分词
现在进行时 am/is/are + V-ing 正在进行的动作 now, at the moment am/is/are + being + V过去分词
一般过去时 主语 + V过去式 过去发生的动作 yesterday, ago was/were + V过去分词
过去进行时 was/were + V-ing 过去某时正在进行的动作 while, when was/were + being + V过去分词
现在完成时 have/has + V过去分词 过去动作影响现在或持续 since, for have/has + been + V过去分词
一般将来时 will + V原形 将来动作或预测 tomorrow, next week will be + V过去分词
.一般现在时 vs. 现在进行时：
She watches TV now. → She is watching TV now.
一般过去时 vs. 现在完成时：
I saw the movie last week.（仅陈述过去） → I have seen the movie.（强调现在已看过）
2. 被动语态全时态结构表
时态 主动语态例句 被动语态结构 被动语态例句
一般现在时 They clean the room. The room is cleaned by them. 结构：am/is/are + V过去分词
一般过去时 He wrote the book. The book was written by him. 结构：was/were + V过去分词
现在进行时 She is painting the wall. The wall is being painted by her. 结构：am/is/are + being + V过去分词
现在完成时 We have finished the work. The work has been finished by us. 结构：have/has + been + V过去分词
一般将来时 They will build a bridge. A bridge will be built by them. 结构：will be + V过去分词
被动语态易错点：
漏掉be动词：The book written by him. → The book was written by him.
时态与被动结构不匹配：The room is cleaned yesterday. → The room was cleaned yesterday.
二、提高练习
（一）单项选择
She usually ______ TV after dinner.
A. watch B. watches C. is watching D. watched
Look! The children ______ in the park.
A. play B. plays C. are playing D. played
The letter ______ by him yesterday.
A. writes B. wrote C. was written D. is written
He ______ his homework an hour ago.
A. finishes B. finished C. has finished D. is finishing
The bridge ______ in 2020.
A. builds B. built C. was built D. has built
I ______ this book three times.
A. read B. am reading C. have read D. will read
The students ______ a test next Monday.
A. have B. had C. will have D. are having
The problem ______ by the teacher tomorrow.
A. will solve B. is solved C. will be solved D. solves
The cake ______ by my sister yesterday.
A. makes B. made C. was made D. has been made
We ______ to Beijing twice this year.
A. go B. went C. have been D. are going
She ______ when her mother came in.
A. sings B. sang C. was singing D. has sung
The new museum ______ next month.
A. opens B. will open C. is opened D. has opened
The students ______ TV from 7 to 9 last night.
A. watch B. watched C. were watching D . have watched
The thief ______ by the police yesterday.
A. catches B. caught C. was caught D. has been caught
The flowers ______ by the gardener every morning.
A. water B. watered C. are watered D. have watered
The meeting ______ for two hours.
A. lasts B. lasted C. has lasted D. is lasting
The novel ______ by many people so far.
A. reads B. is read C. has been read D. read
He ______ in this city for ten years.
A. lives B. has lived C. is living D. will live
The room ______ now. Don’t enter.
A. cleans B. is cleaned C. is being cleaned D. has been cleaned
The story ______ in a small village.
A. happens B. happened C. was happened D. has happened
（二）用所给词的正确形式填空
She ______ (study) English every day.
The cat ______ (sleep) on the sofa now.
The book ______ (write) by Lu Xun in 1921.
They ______ (play) basketball when it rained.
He ______ (not finish) his homework yet.
The new road ______ (build) next year.
The food ______ (prepare) by the chef at the moment.
We ______ (visit) the museum three times.
The letter ______ (send) tomorrow morning.
The students ______ (have) a party next Friday.
The old house ______ (destroy) in the storm last night.
He ______ (live) here since he was born.
The problem ______ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday.
The movie ______ (show) in the cinema now.
The flowers ______ (water) by the gardener every morning.
I ______ (wait) for the bus when it started to rain.
The book ______ (translate) into many languages.
The cake ______ (eat) by the children already.
The teacher ______ (explain) the grammar when I entered.
The project ______ (complete) by the end of this month.
The news ______ (announce) tomorrow.
The dog ______ (find) in the park yesterday.
The report ______ (write) by the team last week.
The tickets ______ (sell) out by the time we arrived.
The thief ______ (catch) by the police yesterday.
The rules ______ (follow) by everyone in the school.
The computer ______ (repair) at the moment.
The letter ______ (deliver) to the wrong address.
The students ______ (teach) by Mr. Smith since 2020.
The car ______ (park) outside the building now.
The concert ______ (cancel) because of the rain.
The cake ______ (make) by my mother yesterday.
The problem ______ (solve) by the engineers next week.
The door ______ (lock) when I came home.
The story ______ (tell) by the teacher every year.
The room ______ (paint) when we arrived.
The trees ______ (plant) in the park last spring.
The homework ______ (finish) by the students before class.
The meeting ______ (hold) in the conference room now.
The song ______ (sing) by a famous singer last night.
答案与解析
（一）单项选择答案
B（一般现在时，第三人称单数）
C（现在进行时，Look!提示动作进行）
C（一般过去时被动语态）
B（一般过去时，时间状语an hour ago）
C（一般过去时被动语态）
C（现在完成时，three times表次数）
C（一般将来时，next Monday表将来）
C（一般将来时被动语态）
C（一般过去时被动语态）
C（现在完成时，twice this year表经历）
C（过去进行时，when引导过去动作）
B（一般将来时，主动语态）
C（过去进行时，时间段提示）
C（一般过去时被动语态）
C（一般现在时被动语态）
C（现在完成时，for two hours表持续）
C（现在完成时被动语态）
B（现在完成时，for ten years表持续）
C（现在进行时被动语态）
B（一般过去时，主动语态）
（二）填空题答案
studies（一般现在时，第三人称单数）
is sleeping（现在进行时，now提示）
was written（一般过去时被动语态）
were playing（过去进行时，when引导过去动作）
hasn’t finished（现在完成时，yet用于否定句）
will be built（一般将来时被动语态）
is being prepared（现在进行时被动语态）
have visited（现在完成时）
will be sent（一般将来时被动语态）
will have（一般将来时）
was destroyed（一般过去时被动语态）
has lived（现在完成时）
was discussed（一般过去时被动语态）
is being shown（现在进行时被动语态）
are watered（一般现在时被动语态）
was waiting（过去进行时）
has been translated（现在完成时被动语态）
has been eaten（现在完成时被动语态）
was explaining（过去进行时）
will be completed（一般将来时被动语态）
will be announced（一般将来时被动语态）
was found（一般过去时被动语态）
was written（一般过去时被动语态）
had been sold（过去完成时被动语态）
was caught（一般过去时被动语态）
are followed（一般现在时被动语态）
is being repaired（现在进行时被动语态）
was delivered（一般过去时被动语态）
have been taught（现在完成时被动语态）
is parked（一般现在时被动语态）
was canceled（一般过去时被动语态）
was made（一般过去时被动语态）
will be solved（一般将来时被动语态）
was locked（一般过去时被动语态）
is told（一般现在时被动语态）
was being painted（过去进行时被动语态）
were planted（一般过去时被动语态）
had been finished（过去完成时被动语态）
is being held（现在进行时被动语态）
was sung（一般过去时被动语态）