2025年人教版英语中考专项复习---句法复习（含答案）

句法复习
一、核心考点精讲
（一）、句子类型与结构
类型 定义与例句 中考重点
简单句 只含一个主谓结构的句子。例：She reads books. 区分简单句与复合句
并列句 由并列连词（and, but, or）连接的两个简单句。 例：I like tea, but he prefers coffee. 连词的选择与逻辑关系
复合句 含主句和从句的句子。例：I know that he is honest.（宾语从句） 从句引导词与语序规则
（二）、宾语从句
1. 宾语从句三要素
要素 规则与例句 易错点
引导词 1. 陈述句用that（可省略）2. 一般疑问句用if/whether3. 特殊疑问句用原疑问词（what, when等） 混淆if和whether（whether可接or not）
语序 陈述句语序（主语在前，谓语在后） 误用疑问句语序（Do you know where is he → where he is）
时态 主句为过去时，从句用对应过去时态（客观真理仍用现在时） 主句过去时，从句未调整时态 （He said he is tired. → was）
例句：
I know (that) she is right.（陈述句）
He asked if/whether I liked coffee.（一般疑问句）
Can you tell me where the library is （特殊疑问句）
2. 宾语从句高频考点
考点 例句 记忆技巧
时态一致 She said she would come later.（主句said为过去，从句用would） “主过从过，真理永不变！”
语序错误 Do you know where is he Do you know where he is “疑问词后跟陈述句！”
if/whether I wonder if/whether he will agree（不可用if…or not） “是否or not，whether更保险！”
(三)、定语从句
1. 关系代词与关系副词
引导词 用法 例句 易错点
who/whom 指人，who作主语，whom作宾语 The girl who is singing is my sister. 混淆who/whom（介词后用whom）
which 指物，作主语或宾语 The book which I bought is interesting. which与that混用（非限制性从句用which）
that 指人或物，作主语或宾语（不可引导非限制性从句） The movie that we saw was exciting. 误用that引导非限制性从句
whose 表所属关系，修饰名词 The boy whose father is a doctor studies hard. whose后必须接名词
when/where when表时间， where表地点 I remember the day when we met. 混淆when/where（根据先行词判断）
例句：
This is the house where I was born.（先行词为地点，用where)
I’ll never forget the day when we first met.（先行词为时间，用when）
2. 限制性 vs. 非限制性定语从句
类型 特点 例句
限制性 无逗号，修饰先行词，不可省略 The book that you lent me is great.
非限制性 有逗号，补充说明，用which/who引导 My uncle, who lives in Paris, is coming.
易错点：
非限制性从句不可用that引导：My dog, that is brown, is cute. → which
(四)、状语从句
类型 引导词 例句 中考重点
时间状语从句 when, while, as, before, after, until I will call you when I arrive. 主句与从句的时态搭配（主将从现）
条件状语从句 if, unless If it rains, we will stay at home. 主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时
原因状语从句 because, since, as He was late because he missed the bus. 区分because（直接原因）和since（已知原因）
(五)、祈使句
1. 定义与功能
祈使句用于发出命令、请求、建议或警告，主语you通常省略，动词用原形。
2. 结构与规则
类型 结构 例句 易错点
肯定祈使句 动词原形开头 Close the window. 误加主语（You close → Close）
否定祈使句 Don’t + 动词原形 Don’t eat in class! 误用其他否定词（Not eat → Don’t eat）
委婉祈使句 Please + 动词原形 Please sit down. 混淆please位置（Sit please → Please sit）
Let型祈使句 Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 Let me help you. 误加to（Let me to help → Let me help）
中考高频考点：
否定祈使句：Don’t开头 + 动词原形。
No talk in class! → Don’t talk in class!
Let’s与Let us的区别：
Let’s go.（包括说话对象） / Let us go.（请求对方允许）
(六)、感叹句
1. 定义与功能
感叹句表达强烈情感（惊讶、赞美、愤怒等），以What或How引导。
2. 结构与规则
类型 结构 例句 易错点
What型感叹句 What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主谓！ What a clever boy he is! 漏掉冠词（What clever boy! → What a clever boy!）
How型感叹句 How + 形容词/副词 + 主谓！ How fast the time flies! 混淆What与How（How a big cake! → What a big cake!）
规则总结：
What修饰名词，How修饰形容词/副词。
不可数名词或复数名词前不用a/an：
What beautiful flowers!（复数） / What good news!（不可数）
What a good news!
(七)、祈使句
1. 定义与功能
倒装句通过调整正常语序（主语+谓语）来强调句子某部分，常见于否定句、地点状语或条件句。
2. 结构与规则
类型 结构 例句 易错点
完全倒装 地点/方位副词 + 谓语 + 主语 Here comes the bus! 误加助动词（Here is comes → Here comes）
部分倒装 否定词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语 Never have I seen such a thing. 忘记倒装（Never I have seen → Never have I seen）
So/Neither 倒装 So/Neither + 助动词 + 主语 —I like apples. —So do I. 助动词与主句不一致（So am I → So do I）
中考高频倒装触发词：
否定词：never, seldom, hardly, not only…
地点副词：here, there, out, in, up, down
So/Neither：表“也/也不”
二、提高练习
（一）、单项选择
Could you tell me ______
A. where is the library B. where the library is C. the library is where D. where the library
The teacher asked us ______ we had finished the homework.
A. that B. if C. what D. where
The book ______ cover is red is mine.
A. who B. which C. whose D. where
I don’t know ______ he will come or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
This is the house ______ I lived ten years ago.
A. which B. that C. where D. whose
He said ______ he was tired.
A. that B. if C. what D. where
The boy ______ is playing football is my cousin.
A. which B. who C. where D. whose
Do you know ______
A. what time does the movie start B. what time the movie starts
C. the movie starts what time D. what the movie starts time
I will call you ______ I arrive at the station.
A. when B. if C. because D. unless
______ interesting story it is!
A. What B. What an C. How D. How an
The girl ______ won the competition is from our school.
A. who B. which C. whose D. where
I don’t remember ______ he left the room.
A. why B. where C. when D. how
The reason ______ he was late is still unknown.
A. why B. that C. which D. where
The teacher told us ______ practice makes perfect.
A. if B. that C. what D. whether
The park ______ we visited yesterday is very large.
A. who B. which C. where D. whose
She asked me ______ I could help her with math.
A. that B. if C. what D. why
The day ______ I met my best friend was unforgettable.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
I wonder ______ he didn’t reply to my message.
A. why B. what C. when D. where
The man ______ car is broken needs help.
A. who B. whose C. which D. where
______ fast he runs!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
21.______ quiet! The baby is sleeping.
A. Be B. You be C. Being D. To be
22.______ delicious the cake is!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
23.______ beautiful flowers they are!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
24.______ late for school again!
A. Don’t B. Don’t be C. Not be D. Be not
25.______ a nice day! Let’s go hiking.
A. What B. How C. What an D. How an
26.Never ______ such a boring movie.
A. I have seen B. have I seen C. I saw D. saw I
27.______ the window. It’s cold outside.
A. Don’t open B. Not open C. No open D. Open not
28.______ fast Tom runs!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
29.______ honest boy he is!
A. What B. How C. What an D. How an
30.Not only ______ he sing, but he also dances well.
A. can B. do C. does D. is
( 二 )填空
Can you tell me ____________________________________ (where/is/the post office) 填入正确的词语
I don’t know ______ (if/whether) he will come tomorrow.
The girl ______ (who/which) is singing is my classmate.
This is the park ______ (where/that) we played last week.
He asked me ______ (what time/the meeting starts).
The book ______ (that/whose) I borrowed is very interesting.
Do you remember the day ______ (when/where) we first met
The teacher told us ______ (that/if) light travels faster than sound.
The boy ______ (whose/who) father is a doctor is very smart.
I want to know ______ (how/why) he didn’t come to school.
The movie ______ (which/whose) we saw yesterday was amazing.
She asked me ______ (what/when) I was doing at 8 p.m. last night.
This is the house ______ (where/that) I was born.
I don’t know ______ (whether/that) he is right.
The man ______ (who/which) is talking to Mary is our principal.
The reason ______ (why/because) he was late is unknown.
Could you tell me ______ (how long/has he lived) here
The dog ______ (that/whose) tail is short is mine.
I wonder ______ (if/that) they will win the game.
The time ______ (when/that) we spend together is precious.
答案与解析
（一）单项选择答案
B（宾语从句用陈述语序）
B（if引导一般疑问句的宾语从句）
C（whose表所属关系）
B（whether可接or not）
C（where修饰地点先行词house）
A（that引导陈述句的宾语从句）
B（who指人作主语）
B（陈述语序）
A（when引导时间状语从句）
B（What + a/an + 形容词 + 名词）
A（who指人作主语）
C（when表示时间）
A（why表原因）
B（that引导客观真理
B（which指物）
B（if表是否）
A（when表时间）
A（why表原因）
B（whose表所属）
B（How + 形容词/副词）
21.A（Be quiet! 肯定祈使句）
22.B（How + 形容词）
23.A（What + 复数名词）
24.B（Don’t be 否定祈使句）
25.A（What a nice day!）
26.B（Never开头需部分倒装）
27.A（Don’t open 否定祈使句）
28.B（How + 副词）
29.C（What an + 形容词 + 单数名词）
30.A（Not only开头，倒装结构：can he）
（二）填空题答案
where the post office is
whether
who
where
what time the meeting starts
that
when
that
whose
why
which
what
where
whether
who
why
how long he has lived
whose
if
20.that