专题01 语法填空之有提示词填空
目录
01考情透视·目标导航 2
02知识导图·思维引航 3
03考点突破·考向探究 4
考点一 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致 4
【真题研析】 4
【核心精讲】 4
【命题预测】 6
考点二 提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词 7
【真题研析】 7
【核心精讲】 7
【命题预测】 9
考点三 提示词为动词—考查转换为名词或形容词 10
【真题研析】 10
【核心精讲】 10
【命题预测】 11
考点四 提示词为名词—考查名词复数、所有格和词形转换 12
【真题研析】 12
【核心精讲】 12
【命题预测】 13
考点五 提示词为形容词、副词—考查形容词、副词比较等级及词形转换 13
【真题研析】 13
【核心精讲】 14
【命题预测】 15
考点六 提示词为代词—考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词 15
【真题研析】 15
【核心精讲】 15
【命题预测】 16
考点七 提示词为基数词—考查其序数词或其他形式 16
【真题研析】 16
【核心精讲】 16
【命题预测】 17
04 重难点突破 有提示词的语法填空基本知识的综合运用 17
语法填空之有提示词填空
年份 卷别 词数 有提示词 无提示词
谓语 非谓语 名词 形容词副词 代词 介词 冠词 数词 并列句 连词
2024 新课标I卷 243 1 2 3 1 1 1 1
新课标Ⅱ卷 220 2 3 2 1 1 1
全国甲卷 223 2 1 2 1 1 1 2
2023 新课标I卷 203 4 2 1 1 1 1
新课标Ⅱ卷 211 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
全国甲卷 220 1 3 1 1 2 1 1
全国乙卷 201 2 3 1 1 1 1 1
2022 新课标I卷 229 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
新课标Ⅱ卷 225 2 2 1 2 1 1 1
全国甲卷 219 1 3 1 2 1 1 1
全国乙卷 222 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
考点一 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
一个简单句有且只能有一个谓语动词,若句中出现两个以上的动词,或者用连词连接作并列谓语,或者用引导词将句子改写为主从复合句。复合句中,有几个简单句就应有几个谓语动词。如果既没有连词,也不是复合句,那么除谓语动词以外的动词就作非谓语动词。
2.(2024·新高考II卷)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.”
3.(2024·新高考II卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
4.(2024年1月浙江高考真题)If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 62 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
在题干中,yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, over the years, by+时间, so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语,做题时可以通过寻找这些标志性状语来判定时态。
一、确定作谓语
分析句子结构,若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但空处所填词与之是并列关系时,空处就用谓语动词。
若填谓语动词,就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
(1)根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态;
(2)根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态;
(3)根据人称和数,确保主谓一致。
二、确定时态
1.根据具体的时间状语:常见的时态的时间状语标志词
时态 时间状语
一般现在时 now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等
一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等
一般将来时 next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等
现在进行时 now, at present, at this moment等
现在完成时 since+时间点,in/over the past... years, in recent years, for+时间段, so far等
过去完成时 by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等
2.根据具并列关系:
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
3.根据常用句式定时态:
(1)was/were doing... when...+一般过去时
(2)was/were about to do... when...+一般过去时
(3)it is the+序数词+time+that...+现在完成时
(4)it was the+序数词+time+that...+过去完成时
(5)No sooner had+主语+done... than+一般过去时
(6)Hardly/Scarcely had+主语+done... when+一般过去时
(7)It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时
4.根据语境暗示。没有标志性的时间状语,且其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过正确理解语境暗示解题,也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。
三、确定语态
1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系
(1)分析句子结构,发现提示词作谓语,若与主语之间是主动关系,应考虑用主动语态;若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。
(2)被动语态的基本形式为:be+过去分词。
(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态,再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。
2.主动表被动
(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时;
(2)当read,sell,wear,write,wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时;
四、确定“主谓一致”
项目 主语 谓语动词
语法 一致 不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number of+复数可数名词 单数
复数可数名词,and连接的两个名词,a number of+复数可数名词 复数
(together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语 与前面主语一致
意义 一致 “the+形容词”表示抽象概念;强调整体的集合名词 单数
“the+形容词”表示一类人或物;强调个体的集合名词 复数
就近 一致 neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语;“here/there+谓语+主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致
1.(2025·八省联考)The UN Chinese Language Day not only provides a unique platform for the world to better understand China, but also 42 (promote) language and cultural exchanges in the world.
2.(2025·八省联考)Every language is worthy of respect and should 40 (treat) equally.
3.(2025·湘豫名校联考)The moon-landing suit 39 (equip) with a built-in long and short-range camera, an operation console (操作台) and a glare-proof helmet visor.
4.(2025·江西省赣州市赣州赣抚吉十五校联考)Later, calligraphy gradually 37 (take) shape as a form of art rather than a mere means of record.
5.(2025·江西省赣州市赣州赣抚吉十五校联考)The five major styles of script, running, cursive, official, seal and regular, 38 (bear) from such calligraphy.
考点二 提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2.(2024·新高考II卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
3.(2024·新高考II卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
4.(2024·新高考II卷)___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion.
确定作非谓语
分析句子结构,所给提示词是动词时,若句中已有谓语动词,又无连词时,则考虑填非谓语动词。
方法一 非谓语动词作状语
1.寻找线索
(1)挖空句有谓语动词,通常用逗号把状语与主干分隔开。
(2)我们需要认真分析句子结构,明确句子成分,先甄别出句子的主干,再确定用哪种形式作状语。
2.解题指导
(1)找句子主干:认真阅读挖空的句子,找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语),从而正确理解句意。
(2)确定谓语动词和非谓语动词:分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
(3)确定填哪种非谓语动词形式:
①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系:表目的,用to do; 表出乎意料的结果,用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果,用doing。
②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系:表动作还未发生,用to be done; 表动作已经发生,用done。
方法二 非谓语动词作定语
1.寻找线索
(1)空格可在名词或代词之前,也可在名词或代词之后,对该名词或代词起修饰或限定作用。
(2)如果有逗号隔开,放在名词或代词之后,通常对该名词进行补充说明,其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
2.解题指导
(1)如果名词中心词是该动作的发出者,通常用现在分词(短语)作定语。
(2)如果名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用过去分词(短语)作定语。
(3)如果表示未发生的动作,且名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用动词不定式作定语。
方法三 非谓语动词作表语
1.寻找线索
非谓语动词作表语包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式三种。空格通常在系动词 be, become, get, seem, appear, look, turn等之后,描述主语的特点或状态。
2.解题指导
(1)主语是表示人的名词或代词,通常用过去分词作表语,表示主语的心情和感受。
(2)主语是表示事物的名词或代词,通常用现在分词作表语,表示事物的特点。
(3)动词不定式作表语通常表示未发生的动作。
方法四 非谓语动词作宾语
1.寻找线索
动词不定式和动名词都可以充当宾语。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构:
(1)介词(如by, for, of, with, without, after等)之后加动名词作宾语,注意to的身份识别。
(2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语:advise, admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustomed to, be devoted to, lead to, object to等。
(3)在下列动词之后,常接不定式作宾语:decide, demand, offer, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。
2.解题指导
(1)仔细观察挖空的句子。
(2)找出(句子的)谓语动词。
(3)确定填动名词还是动词不定式。
方法五 非谓语动词作主语
1.寻找线索
主语是谓语陈述的对象,通常位于句首。动名词(doing)和动词不定式(to do)都可以充当主语。
2.解题指导
(1)句中缺少主语,找到句子的谓语部分,确定应用doing还是to do作主语。
(2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing,表具体某一次的动作用to do。
(3)掌握用动名词或不定式作主语的句型:
①It's +adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(+for/of sb)+to do sth
②It's no use/no good/no fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth
③It takes sb+some time/money+to do sth
方法六 非谓语动词作补足语
1.寻找线索
动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可充当宾语补足语。
(1)不定式作宾补:allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, persuade, tell等+sb to do sth。
(2)have sb/sth doing “让某人/某物一直做”; have sb/sth done “使某人/某物被……”。
(3)with复合结构
①with+宾语+to do,表示动作还未发生;
②with+宾语+doing,表示主动、动作正在进行;
③with+宾语+done,表示被动、动作已完成。
2.解题指导
(1)动词不定式作宾语补足语,通常表示一个宾语发出的动作。在一些结构中必须用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
(2)现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的发出者,表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作。
(3)过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的承受者,表示一个完成的、被动的动作。
1.(2025·江西省赣州市赣州赣抚吉十五校联考)Chinese calligraphy is an artistic practice of writing Chinese characters, often with a brush and ink on xuan paper. The evolution of Chinese calligraphy began alongside the earliest Chinese characters 36 (discover) to date-inscriptions (铭文) on bones from the Shang Dynasty in Anyang, Henan province.
2.(2025·八省联考)In 2010, the UN Department of Global Communications instituted language days for each of the organization’s six official languages. The goal was two-fold: 36 (celebrate) cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six tongues.
3.(2025·八省联考)Today, more than 70 countries have included the Chinese language in their education systems. Chinese plays an increasingly important role in 43 (improve) communication and cooperation between China and the rest of the world.
考点三 提示词为动词—考查转换为名词或形容词
1.(2024年1月浙江高考真题)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items.
2.(2024·新高考I卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.
3.(2023·新高考I卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
动词变为名词
1.名词后缀 示例
-er/ -or announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员 instruct→instructor 指导者,教师 design→designer设计师
-ment achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论;论据 equip →equipment装备;设备 govern→government政府
-y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现
-ance/ -ence appear→appearance出现;外貌 perform→performance表演;表现 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考,查阅
-ure/ -ture fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开;出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
-ing hear→hearing听力,听觉 begin→beginning开始 build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
-ion/ -tion/ -sion/ correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论;结束 discuss→discussion讨论;论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认;准许加入 permit→permission允许,许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望
动词变形容词
2.形容词后缀 示例
-able enjoy vt.享受→enjoyable adj.令人愉快的 suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的 adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的
-ed frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的 annoy vt.使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的
-ing convince vt.说服,使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的 thrill vt.使兴奋 → thrilling adj.令人兴奋的
-ful forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的 succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的
-ive comprehend v. 理解→comprehensive adj. 综合性的 create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造力的
-ant tolerate v.容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的,容忍的 ignore v. 忽视→ignorant adj. 无知的,愚昧的
1.(2025·八省联考)At the same time, a language and its individual 39 (write) forms make up the “soul” of a national tradition.
2.(2025·八省联考)As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through 45 (innovate), and its inclusiveness. China, on its part, will also embrace (拥抱) the world with greater openness and make new contributions to the international community.
3.(2025·江西省赣州市赣州赣抚吉十五校联考)Chinese calligraphy is a demanding and 39 (advance) art, which turns Chinese characters into images through pressure and speed variations of the pointed Chinese brush.
4.(2025·浙江省北斗星盟高三联考) The 62 (distinguish) players create a sense of anticipation in the introduction to Kreutzer Sonata’s opening movement, which is played completely with Zimmermann over the wonderful music pauses.
5.(2025·湖南省雅礼中高三月考(四))Launched in 1978 and scheduled to be completed in 2050, it has effectively limited the 62 (expand) of desertification and become a “green Great Wall” preventing sandstorms.
6.(2025·湖南省雅礼中高三月考(四))Moving forward, the world’s second-largest economy remains 65 (determine) to carve out an eco-friendly path for global green development.
考点四 提示词为名词—考查名词复数、所有格和词形转换
1.(2023全国甲卷)The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty (warn) about environmental destruction.
2.(2022新高考II卷)He saved my _________ (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.
2.(2023新高考I卷)These plants included modern Western (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
解题思路
提示词为名词,要根据空格的位置确定转换为名词的复数、形容词、动词或名词的所有格。
(1)提示词为可数名词单数,如分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变,应考虑填名词的复数。
(2)提示词为名词,其后为名词(短语),则需要改变词性,通常变为形容词。
(3)提示词为名词,作谓语,应把名词转换为动词。
必备知识
名词考查转化为形容词或动词的后缀
后缀 示例
--y sun→sunny 有阳光的,晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的
--ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
--ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的
--able suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的
--ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的
--al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的
--ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的
--en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的
--cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的
--ant significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的
--cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的
-en deep→deepen 变深,加深 length→lengthen 延长
1.(2025·湖南省雅礼中高三月考(四))In addition, China has actively conducted 64 (exchange) and cooperation with Belt and Road countries, and has established an international knowledge management center for desertification prevention and control.
2.(2025·浙江省北斗星盟高三联考)Finest of all is a reading of the Op.96 Sonata that allows listeners to dream a little and feel the 65 (composer) undervalued silence in all its charm.
3.(2025·湘豫名校联考)China has taken a step forward in its 36 (ambition) plan to land astronauts on the moon by 2030 — showing the specially designed spacesuit.
考点五 提示词为形容词、副词—考查形容词、副词比较等级及词形转换
1.(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the 49 (large)United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
2.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷) Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
3.(2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ______ (high) mountain.
4.(2022·全国高考乙卷)“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ______ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
5.(2023年全国甲卷) ___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
6.(2022年1月浙江卷) On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, __________(rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
提示词是形容词、副词的解题思路
考查形容词或副词的比较级和最高级的转化以及形容词与副词的互相转化。
1.寻找线索
(1)通常设置在名词之前、动词之后,或句首、句尾。
(2)形容词变副词规律
①以 e结尾的形容词,一般不去e,直接加 ly:immediate→immediately, brave →bravely, polite →politely, wise →wisely。
②一些以 e结尾的形容词,去e加 (l)y:true → truly, simple → simply, gentle → gently, possible → possibly。
③“辅音字母+ y”结尾,变y为i,再加 ly:happy → happily, easy → easily。
④以 ic结尾的形容词,加 ally:economic → economically, basic → basically。
2.解题指导
(1)形容词、副词的词性转化
①分析句子结构,发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时,应考虑用派生的副词或名词;
②若空处作定语、表语,应考虑填形容词形式;
③若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,应考虑填副词形式;
④若空处在介词后,应考虑用名词作宾语。
(2)形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词。根据句意和前后逻辑关系,确定表示否定意义时,添加否定前缀(un , im , dis 等)或否定后缀( less)变为反义词。
(3)利用标志词或隐含信息把形容词、副词转化为比较级、最高级。
单句填空
1.(2025·江西省赣州市赣州赣抚吉十五校联考)It is said that the emotions and philosophy of the writer are 40 (direct) reflected on calligraphy.
2.(2025·湘豫名校联考)The new red-and-white suit revealed by the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) is made to resist the moon’s extreme temperatures, radiation and dust, and allow astronauts physical 38 (flexible) to perform tasks on the lunar surface.
3.(2025·河北省五个一名校联考高三月考)The market aims to create a platform to help these museums reach 64 (wide) audiences and gain greater exposure than before, showcasing cultural creative products which are worth owning by more people.
考点六 提示词为代词—考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词
1.(2024·全国甲卷)This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.
2.(2020·新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine _________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
3.(2021·全国I卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in (I).
提示词为代词,应考虑以下几种情况:
1.若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语,则应考虑人称代词的主格形式;
2.若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语,则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式;
3.若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语,则应考虑形容词性物主代词;
4.若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语,且和主语是同一人时,则应考虑反身代词。
1.(2025·河北省五个一名校联考高三月考)The National Museum of China recently launched an original fridge magnet (冰箱贴) inspired by a phoenix crown, selling over a thousand units within just a few hours of 57 (it) release, sparking interest in the entire series of cultural and creative products.
2.(2024九省联考)However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of (they).
3.(2025·湖南省永州一中)Growing up in a different environment from (they) elders, they have witnessed China’s rise as a global economic powerhouse and formed a brand-new consumption concept.
考点七 提示词为基数词—考查其序数词或其他形式
1.(2021·新高考II卷)I've always loved the ocean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
2.(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 62 (six) century, B. C.
1.基数词和序数词的相互转换
①一般来说,序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。
②十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i,再加e t h。
③两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。
此外,常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内,具体见下表。
one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth
2.与数词相关的表达法
①分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。
②表示某人的大约年龄,即“几十多岁”时,使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s+整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如:in his fifties。
③当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时,用单数形式,词尾不加-s;前面有many, several, a few修饰时,仍用单数形式。如:several billion years。
④“数词+普通名词+形容词”构成的合成形容词中,数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。
1.(2025·广东梅县高三月考)She is a remarkable athlete , known for her outstanding speed and skill, making her
(two) only to the world champion in her sport.
2.You’d better go home to see your parents (two) a week. They need more care.
3.The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations says about one (three) of the food produced worldwide each year is wasted or lost.
4.A woman in her (sixty) told him her husband had died of cancer a week earlier.
5.There are twelve floors in this building and Mr. Wu’s office is on the (four) floor.
04重难点突破 有提示词的语法填空基本知识的综合运用
有提示词的语法填空重难点突破:
有提示词的语法填空在高考语法填空的命题中占7个左右,是语法填空的重点考查内容,掌握了有提示词的语法填空的解题思路和方法也就把握了语法填空的重点。
策略:1.看提示词的哪种词类;2.根据词类定填空的方向,从而确定是词形转换还是词的具体用法,这是解题关键。
语法填空
(2025·江西省吉安市六校协作体高三联考)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Caviar (鱼子酱) is a term 1 (use)to describe fish eggs of sturgeon (鲟鱼). It is sometimes attached to the eggs of other fish 2 (category). There are three kinds of Caspian Sea caviar, each of 3 was named after the types of sturgeon that produces it. Sevruga, from the smallest fish, is fine-grained, 4 (intense) black and very salty. Oscetra, from a bigger fish, is larger-grained, often paler, with a “rich, almost, fruity or earthy flavor”. Beluga is from the largest, whitest and rarest fish, 5 (have) a delicate flavor. Caviar is a staple (主食) of Russian cuisine and is traditionally enjoyed on New Year’s Eve. In the old days caviar 6 (be) a staple, not a luxury. Works from the early 18th century make a description that caviar was sold on street corners.
An egg-filled sturgeon from the Caspian Sea is regarded as one of the world’s most 7 (value) fishes. The caviar from a quality sturgeon can sell 8 several hundred dollars an ounce. The eggs from a single white sturgeon can fetch more than $100,000.
Caviar can vary in color from black to pale grey to gold and even ivory. If it 9 (dry), refrigerated and properly stored at -2℃, it can stay good for 18 months.
Russians like eating caviar on thickly-buttered toast or bread. In the early 2000s, world caviar prices were rising sharply, as demand increased and supply decreased. Prices doubled and international authorities tried to crack down on fake by carrying out 10 labeling system.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题01 语法填空之有提示词填空
目录
01考情透视·目标导航 2
02知识导图·思维引航 3
03考点突破·考向探究 4
考点一 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致 4
【真题研析】 4
【核心精讲】 5
【命题预测】 7
考点二 提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词 8
【真题研析】 8
【核心精讲】 9
【命题预测】 11
考点三 提示词为动词—考查转换为名词或形容词 12
【真题研析】 12
【核心精讲】 12
【命题预测】 14
考点四 提示词为名词—考查名词复数、所有格和词形转换 15
【真题研析】 15
【核心精讲】 16
【命题预测】 16
考点五 提示词为形容词、副词—考查形容词、副词比较等级及词形转换 17
【真题研析】 17
【核心精讲】 19
【命题预测】 19
考点六 提示词为代词—考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词 20
【真题研析】 20
【核心精讲】 21
【命题预测】 21
考点七 提示词为基数词—考查其序数词或其他形式 22
【真题研析】 22
【核心精讲】 22
【命题预测】 23
04 重难点突破 有提示词的语法填空基本知识的综合运用 24
语法填空之有提示词填空
年份 卷别 词数 有提示词 无提示词
谓语 非谓语 名词 形容词副词 代词 介词 冠词 数词 并列句 连词
2024 新课标I卷 243 1 2 3 1 1 1 1
新课标Ⅱ卷 220 2 3 2 1 1 1
全国甲卷 223 2 1 2 1 1 1 2
2023 新课标I卷 203 4 2 1 1 1 1
新课标Ⅱ卷 211 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
全国甲卷 220 1 3 1 1 2 1 1
全国乙卷 201 2 3 1 1 1 1 1
2022 新课标I卷 229 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
新课标Ⅱ卷 225 2 2 1 2 1 1 1
全国甲卷 219 1 3 1 2 1 1 1
全国乙卷 222 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
考点一 提示词是动词—考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
【答案】walks
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:此外,围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through,意为“带领某人穿过……”,空处为本句谓语动词,根据上文可知,本句时态为一般现在时,主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
一个简单句有且只能有一个谓语动词,若句中出现两个以上的动词,或者用连词连接作并列谓语,或者用引导词将句子改写为主从复合句。复合句中,有几个简单句就应有几个谓语动词。如果既没有连词,也不是复合句,那么除谓语动词以外的动词就作非谓语动词。
2.(2024·新高考II卷)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.”
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词,根据句意以及定语从句时态可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“some of the things”,复数。故填were。
3.(2024·新高考II卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【答案】was built
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词,根据时间状语“Two years later”可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,单数,和动词“build”之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was built。
4.(2024年1月浙江高考真题)If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 62 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
【答案】have started
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。
在题干中,yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, over the years, by+时间, so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语,做题时可以通过寻找这些标志性状语来判定时态。
一、确定作谓语
分析句子结构,若句中无谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但空处所填词与之是并列关系时,空处就用谓语动词。
若填谓语动词,就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
(1)根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态;
(2)根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态;
(3)根据人称和数,确保主谓一致。
二、确定时态
1.根据具体的时间状语:常见的时态的时间状语标志词
时态 时间状语
一般现在时 now, today, nowadays, every year, usually等
一般过去时 yesterday, last week, in 2021, the other day, two years ago, previously等
一般将来时 next year, in the future, soon, tomorrow等
现在进行时 now, at present, at this moment等
现在完成时 since+时间点,in/over the past... years, in recent years, for+时间段, so far等
过去完成时 by then, by the end of ..., when/before/after引导的从句等
2.根据具并列关系:
考查动词时态的题目有时可以根据句子或谓语动词之间的平行关系词“and, but, or, rather than, neither... nor..., not only... but also...”等前后的谓语动词的时态必须一致来确定时态。
3.根据常用句式定时态:
(1)was/were doing... when...+一般过去时
(2)was/were about to do... when...+一般过去时
(3)it is the+序数词+time+that...+现在完成时
(4)it was the+序数词+time+that...+过去完成时
(5)No sooner had+主语+done... than+一般过去时
(6)Hardly/Scarcely had+主语+done... when+一般过去时
(7)It will be+时间段+before+一般现在时
4.根据语境暗示。没有标志性的时间状语,且其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过正确理解语境暗示解题,也是解决时态问题尤其是易错题的重要方法。
三、确定语态
1.根据逻辑辨别主动或被动关系
(1)分析句子结构,发现提示词作谓语,若与主语之间是主动关系,应考虑用主动语态;若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。
(2)被动语态的基本形式为:be+过去分词。
(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态,再根据主谓一致判断be动词的形式。
2.主动表被动
(1)当feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时;
(2)当read,sell,wear,write,wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时;
四、确定“主谓一致”
项目 主语 谓语动词
语法 一致 不可数名词、单数可数名词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式、主语从句、the number of+复数可数名词 单数
复数可数名词,and连接的两个名词,a number of+复数可数名词 复数
(together) with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than, in addition to, including等连接的主语 与前面主语一致
意义 一致 “the+形容词”表示抽象概念;强调整体的集合名词 单数
“the+形容词”表示一类人或物;强调个体的集合名词 复数
就近 一致 neither... nor..., either... or..., not only... but also..., not... but...等连接的主语;“here/there+谓语+主语”结构中的主语不止一个时 与邻近主语一致
1.(2025·八省联考)The UN Chinese Language Day not only provides a unique platform for the world to better understand China, but also 42 (promote) language and cultural exchanges in the world.
【答案】promotes
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:联合国中文日不仅为世界提供了一个更好地了解中国的独特平台,而且促进了世界范围内的语言和文化交流。此处与provides并列作谓语,时态应用一般现在时,且主语为The UN Chinese Language Day,本空用promote“促进”的第三人称单数promotes。故填promotes。
2.(2025·八省联考)Every language is worthy of respect and should 40 (treat) equally.
【答案】be treated
【解析】考查动词语态。句意:每一种语言都值得尊重,应该平等对待。主语Every language与动词treat“对待”构成被动关系,用be treated表被动,且位于情态动词should后,be用原形。故填be treated。
3.(2025·湘豫名校联考)The moon-landing suit 39 (equip) with a built-in long and short-range camera, an operation console (操作台) and a glare-proof helmet visor.
【答案】is equipped
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:这套登月服配备了一个内置的远程和近距离摄像头、一个操作控制台和一个防眩光头盔遮阳板。此处为谓语动词的填入,根据上下文时态可知,此处为一般现在时,主语The moon-landing suit和equip为被动关系,所以为一般现在时的被动语态结构。故填is equipped。
4.(2025·江西省赣州市赣州赣抚吉十五校联考)Later, calligraphy gradually 37 (take) shape as a form of art rather than a mere means of record.
【答案】took
【解析】考查时态。句意:后来,书法逐渐成为一种艺术形式,而不仅仅是一种记录手段。句子描述过去的事情,时态用一般过去时,空格处用过去式。故填took。
5.(2025·江西省赣州市赣州赣抚吉十五校联考)The five major styles of script, running, cursive, official, seal and regular, 38 (bear) from such calligraphy.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态,被动语态和主谓一致。句意:楷书、行书、草书、隶书、篆书、楷书这五大字体,就是从这样的书法中诞生的。“The five major styles of script, running, cursive, official, seal and regular”和bear之间是逻辑动宾关系,且描述过去的事情,因此句子用一般过去时的被动语态,主语“The five major styles of script, running, cursive, official, seal and regular”是复数。故填were born。
考点二 提示词是动词—考查非谓语动词
1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
【答案】to give
【解析】考查非谓语动词作目的状语。句意:这些萼片在温暖的日子开放给温室内部的植物阳光和新鲜空气。分析结构可知,本句已有谓语opens,空格应是非谓语动词,根据语境空格需填动词不定式to give作目的状语。故填to give。
2.(2024·新高考II卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【答案】inspired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
3.(2024·新高考II卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
【答案】 to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:Edmondson说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语,用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
4.(2024·新高考II卷)___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion.
【答案】Recalling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版,并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时,Edmondson说:“听到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的,非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语,主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式担当状语;出现在句首,首字母大写。故填Recalling。
确定作非谓语
分析句子结构,所给提示词是动词时,若句中已有谓语动词,又无连词时,则考虑填非谓语动词。
方法一 非谓语动词作状语
1.寻找线索
(1)挖空句有谓语动词,通常用逗号把状语与主干分隔开。
(2)我们需要认真分析句子结构,明确句子成分,先甄别出句子的主干,再确定用哪种形式作状语。
2.解题指导
(1)找句子主干:认真阅读挖空的句子,找出句子的主语、谓语(和宾语),从而正确理解句意。
(2)确定谓语动词和非谓语动词:分析所给的提示词与主语和谓语动词之间的关系。
(3)确定填哪种非谓语动词形式:
①主语与提示词是逻辑上的主谓关系:表目的,用to do; 表出乎意料的结果,用only to do; 表时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、自然而然的结果,用doing。
②主语与提示词是逻辑上的动宾关系:表动作还未发生,用to be done; 表动作已经发生,用done。
方法二 非谓语动词作定语
1.寻找线索
(1)空格可在名词或代词之前,也可在名词或代词之后,对该名词或代词起修饰或限定作用。
(2)如果有逗号隔开,放在名词或代词之后,通常对该名词进行补充说明,其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
2.解题指导
(1)如果名词中心词是该动作的发出者,通常用现在分词(短语)作定语。
(2)如果名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用过去分词(短语)作定语。
(3)如果表示未发生的动作,且名词中心词是该动作的承受者,通常用动词不定式作定语。
方法三 非谓语动词作表语
1.寻找线索
非谓语动词作表语包括现在分词、过去分词和动词不定式三种。空格通常在系动词 be, become, get, seem, appear, look, turn等之后,描述主语的特点或状态。
2.解题指导
(1)主语是表示人的名词或代词,通常用过去分词作表语,表示主语的心情和感受。
(2)主语是表示事物的名词或代词,通常用现在分词作表语,表示事物的特点。
(3)动词不定式作表语通常表示未发生的动作。
方法四 非谓语动词作宾语
1.寻找线索
动词不定式和动名词都可以充当宾语。牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构:
(1)介词(如by, for, of, with, without, after等)之后加动名词作宾语,注意to的身份识别。
(2)只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语:advise, admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, ban, delay, deny; be accustomed to, be devoted to, lead to, object to等。
(3)在下列动词之后,常接不定式作宾语:decide, demand, offer, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。
2.解题指导
(1)仔细观察挖空的句子。
(2)找出(句子的)谓语动词。
(3)确定填动名词还是动词不定式。
方法五 非谓语动词作主语
1.寻找线索
主语是谓语陈述的对象,通常位于句首。动名词(doing)和动词不定式(to do)都可以充当主语。
2.解题指导
(1)句中缺少主语,找到句子的谓语部分,确定应用doing还是to do作主语。
(2)表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作用doing,表具体某一次的动作用to do。
(3)掌握用动名词或不定式作主语的句型:
①It's +adj.(hard/difficult/easy/possible/kind等)(+for/of sb)+to do sth
②It's no use/no good/no fun/a pleasure/no pleasure/a waste of time doing sth
③It takes sb+some time/money+to do sth
方法六 非谓语动词作补足语
1.寻找线索
动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可充当宾语补足语。
(1)不定式作宾补:allow, ask, beg, command, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, persuade, tell等+sb to do sth。
(2)have sb/sth doing “让某人/某物一直做”; have sb/sth done “使某人/某物被……”。
(3)with复合结构
①with+宾语+to do,表示动作还未发生;
②with+宾语+doing,表示主动、动作正在进行;
③with+宾语+done,表示被动、动作已完成。
2.解题指导
(1)动词不定式作宾语补足语,通常表示一个宾语发出的动作。在一些结构中必须用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
(2)现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的发出者,表示一个正在进行的、主动的动作。
(3)过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语是动作的承受者,表示一个完成的、被动的动作。
1.(2025·江西省赣州市赣州赣抚吉十五校联考)Chinese calligraphy is an artistic practice of writing Chinese characters, often with a brush and ink on xuan paper. The evolution of Chinese calligraphy began alongside the earliest Chinese characters 36 (discover) to date-inscriptions (铭文) on bones from the Shang Dynasty in Anyang, Henan province.
【答案】discovered
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国书法的演变始于迄今为止发现的最早的汉字——河南安阳商代的骨头上的碑文。句中谓语是began,空格处用非谓语动词,characters和discover之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动。故填discovered。
2.(2025·八省联考)In 2010, the UN Department of Global Communications instituted language days for each of the organization’s six official languages. The goal was two-fold: 36 (celebrate) cultural diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six tongues.
【答案】to celebrate
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:目的是双重的:庆祝文化多样性,并促进所有六种语言的平等使用。本句谓语为was,此处为非谓语动词,应用celebrate“庆祝”的不定式,作目的状语,与to promote并列。故填to celebrate。
3.(2025·八省联考)Today, more than 70 countries have included the Chinese language in their education systems. Chinese plays an increasingly important role in 43 (improve) communication and cooperation between China and the rest of the world.
【答案】improving
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:中文在促进中国与世界其他地区的交流与合作方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。此处作介词in的宾语,应用improve“提高”的动名词形式,作宾语。故填improving。
考点三 提示词为动词—考查转换为名词或形容词
1.(2024年1月浙江高考真题)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 60 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items.
【答案】criticism
【解析】考查名词。句意:许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动,因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知,此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。
2.(2024·新高考I卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.
【答案】closed
【解析】考查形容词。句意:然后在寒冷的天气里,这个结构保持关闭,以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭的”,符合题意。故填closed。
3.(2023·新高考I卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 36 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
【答案】tasty
【解析】考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤),故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语,故填tasty。
动词变为名词
1.名词后缀 示例
-er/ -or announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥;售票员 instruct→instructor 指导者,教师 design→designer设计师
-ment achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论;论据 equip →equipment装备;设备 govern→government政府
-y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现
-ance/ -ence appear→appearance出现;外貌 perform→performance表演;表现 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考,查阅
-ure/ -ture fail→failure失败;倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开;出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
-ing hear→hearing听力,听觉 begin→beginning开始 build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
-ion/ -tion/ -sion/ correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论;结束 discuss→discussion讨论;论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认;准许加入 permit→permission允许,许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望
动词变形容词
2.形容词后缀 示例
-able enjoy vt.享受→enjoyable adj.令人愉快的 suit vt.适合→suitable adj.合适的 adjust vt.调节→adjustable adj. 可调整的
-ed frustrate vt.使沮丧→frustrated adj. 沮丧的 annoy vt.使生气→annoyed adj. 恼怒的
-ing convince vt.说服,使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的 thrill vt.使兴奋 → thrilling adj.令人兴奋的
-ful forget vt.忘记→forgetful adj.健忘的 succeed vt.成功→successful adj. 成功的
-ive comprehend v. 理解→comprehensive adj. 综合性的 create v. 创造→creative adj. 有创造力的
-ant tolerate v.容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的,容忍的 ignore v. 忽视→ignorant adj. 无知的,愚昧的
1.(2025·八省联考)At the same time, a language and its individual 39 (write) forms make up the “soul” of a national tradition.
【答案】written
【解析】考查形容词。句意:语言和它的书写形式组成了民族传统的“灵魂”。本空修饰名词forms,需用形容词written“书写的”,作前置定语。故填written。
2.(2025·八省联考)As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through 45 (innovate), and its inclusiveness. China, on its part, will also embrace (拥抱) the world with greater openness and make new contributions to the international community.
【答案】innovation
【解析】考查名词。句意:随着越来越多的外国人开始学习中文和体验中国文化,世界将更好地了解中国及其丰富的历史、勤劳的人民、通过创新实现的发展以及包容性。此处作介词through的宾语,应用名词innovation“创新”。故填innovation。
3.(2025·江西省赣州市赣州赣抚吉十五校联考)Chinese calligraphy is a demanding and 39 (advance) art, which turns Chinese characters into images through pressure and speed variations of the pointed Chinese brush.
【答案】advanced
【解析】考查形容词。句意:中国书法是一门要求很高的高级艺术,它通过尖毛笔的压力和速度变化将汉字变成图像。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词art,advance的形容词是advanced,意为“高级的”。故填advanced。
4.(2025·浙江省北斗星盟高三联考) The 62 (distinguish) players create a sense of anticipation in the introduction to Kreutzer Sonata’s opening movement, which is played completely with Zimmermann over the wonderful music pauses.
【答案】distinguished
【解析】考查形容词。句意:这两位杰出的演奏家在克雷策尔奏鸣曲开头部分的引子中营造出一种期待感,这部分完全由齐默尔曼在美妙的音乐停顿中演奏。修饰后文名词players,应用形容词distinguished“杰出的”,作定语。故填distinguished。
5.(2025·湖南省雅礼中高三月考(四))Launched in 1978 and scheduled to be completed in 2050, it has effectively limited the 62 (expand) of desertification and become a “green Great Wall” preventing sandstorms.
【答案】expansion
【解析】考查名词。句意:该项目于1978年启动,计划于2050年完成,它有效地限制了荒漠化的蔓延,并成为防止沙尘暴的“绿色长城”。本空作limited的宾语,所以此处应用名词expansion“扩张,蔓延”。故填expansion。
6.(2025·湖南省雅礼中高三月考(四))Moving forward, the world’s second-largest economy remains 65 (determine) to carve out an eco-friendly path for global green development.
【答案】determined
【解析】考查形容词。句意:展望未来,世界第二大经济体仍决心为全球绿色发展开辟一条生态友好的道路。remains为系动词,其后应接形容词作表语,所以此处应用形容词determined,表示“有决心的”,作表语。故填determined。
考点四 提示词为名词—考查名词复数、所有格和词形转换
1.(2023全国甲卷)The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty (warn) about environmental destruction.
【答案】warning。
【解析】考查名词。句意:然而,卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知,用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
2.(2022新高考II卷)He saved my _________ (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.
【答案】son’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
2.(2023新高考I卷)These plants included modern Western (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.
【答案】favorites。
【解析】考查名词的数。句意:这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。Favorite是可数名词,意为“特别受喜爱的东西”,根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。
解题思路
提示词为名词,要根据空格的位置确定转换为名词的复数、形容词、动词或名词的所有格。
(1)提示词为可数名词单数,如分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变,应考虑填名词的复数。
(2)提示词为名词,其后为名词(短语),则需要改变词性,通常变为形容词。
(3)提示词为名词,作谓语,应把名词转换为动词。
必备知识
名词考查转化为形容词或动词的后缀
后缀 示例
--y sun→sunny 有阳光的,晴朗的 guilt →guilty 内疚的
--ed balance→balanced平衡的 gift →gifted 有天赋的
--ful meaning→meaningful 有意义的 colour→colourful 五彩缤纷的
--able suit →suitable 合适的 change→changeable 易变的
--ous courage→courageous 勇敢的 mystery →mysterious 神秘的
--al addition→additional 附加的 globe→global 全球的
--ly friend→friendly 友好的 love→lovely 可爱的
--en wood→wooden 木制的 wool→woolen 羊毛的
--cal politics →political 政治的 ecology→ ecological 生态的
--ant significance →significant有意义的 ignorance→ ignorant 无知的
--cial commerce →commercial 商业的 finance →financial 金融的
-en deep→deepen 变深,加深 length→lengthen 延长
1.(2025·湖南省雅礼中高三月考(四))In addition, China has actively conducted 64 (exchange) and cooperation with Belt and Road countries, and has established an international knowledge management center for desertification prevention and control.
【答案】exchanges
【解析】考查名词。句意:此外,中国还与“一带一路”国家积极开展交流与合作,并建立了荒漠化防治国际知识管理中心。本空作conducted的宾语,所以此处应用名词exchange“交流”,不止一项交流,本空用其复数形式。故填exchanges。
2.(2025·浙江省北斗星盟高三联考)Finest of all is a reading of the Op.96 Sonata that allows listeners to dream a little and feel the 65 (composer) undervalued silence in all its charm.
【答案】composer’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:最精彩的是Op.96奏鸣曲的演奏,它让听众有一点梦想的感觉,并感受到作曲家被低估的沉默的所有魅力。此处修饰名词silence,应用composer“作曲家”的名词所有格composer’s,作定语。故填composer’s。
3.(2025·湘豫名校联考)China has taken a step forward in its 36 (ambition) plan to land astronauts on the moon by 2030 — showing the specially designed spacesuit.
【答案】ambitious
【解析】考查形容词。句意:中国在其2030年前将宇航员送上月球的宏伟计划中又向前迈进了一步——展示了特别设计的宇航服。由空后plan为名词可知,此处应用形容词作定语修饰该名词,满足句意要求。故填ambitious。
考点五 提示词为形容词、副词—考查形容词、副词比较等级及词形转换
1.(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the 49 (large)United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【答案】largest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意:黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园,占地220万英亩,直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the,为形容词最高级标志词,结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知,用large的最高级largest作定语,故填largest。
2.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷) Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
【答案】simpler
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模要小很多,并且在设计和装饰上更加简单,并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
3.(2022·全国甲卷) In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ______ (high) mountain.
【答案】 highest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知,此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉,用形容词最高级。故填highest。
4.(2022·全国高考乙卷)“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ______ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
【答案】 largest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知,中国是最大产茶国,所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
5.(2023年全国甲卷) ___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
【答案】Different
【解析】考查形容词。句意:与传统寓言不同,卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同,所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
6.(2022年1月浙江卷) On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, __________(rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
【答案】roughly
【解析】考查副词。句意:例如,在一个名为“无飞行气候科学”的网站上,大约200名学者——其中许多是气候科学家——自两年前开始这项努力以来已经承诺将尽可能少地飞行。分析句子结构可知空处应填副词形式修饰数词,表示数量的精确程度,相当于about,此时的roughly意为“粗略地;大约”,似的还有exactly、nearly、approximately,etc.,故填roughly。
提示词是形容词、副词的解题思路
考查形容词或副词的比较级和最高级的转化以及形容词与副词的互相转化。
1.寻找线索
(1)通常设置在名词之前、动词之后,或句首、句尾。
(2)形容词变副词规律
①以 e结尾的形容词,一般不去e,直接加 ly:immediate→immediately, brave →bravely, polite →politely, wise →wisely。
②一些以 e结尾的形容词,去e加 (l)y:true → truly, simple → simply, gentle → gently, possible → possibly。
③“辅音字母+ y”结尾,变y为i,再加 ly:happy → happily, easy → easily。
④以 ic结尾的形容词,加 ally:economic → economically, basic → basically。
2.解题指导
(1)形容词、副词的词性转化
①分析句子结构,发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时,应考虑用派生的副词或名词;
②若空处作定语、表语,应考虑填形容词形式;
③若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,应考虑填副词形式;
④若空处在介词后,应考虑用名词作宾语。
(2)形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词。根据句意和前后逻辑关系,确定表示否定意义时,添加否定前缀(un , im , dis 等)或否定后缀( less)变为反义词。
(3)利用标志词或隐含信息把形容词、副词转化为比较级、最高级。
单句填空
1.(2025·江西省赣州市赣州赣抚吉十五校联考)It is said that the emotions and philosophy of the writer are 40 (direct) reflected on calligraphy.
【答案】directly
【解析】考查副词。句意:据说,作家的情感和哲学直接反映在书法上。空格处用副词directly修饰动词reflected,directly意为“直接地”。故填directly。
2.(2025·湘豫名校联考)The new red-and-white suit revealed by the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) is made to resist the moon’s extreme temperatures, radiation and dust, and allow astronauts physical 38 (flexible) to perform tasks on the lunar surface.
【答案】flexibility
【解析】考查名词。句意:中国载人航天总局(CMSA)公布的这种新型红白相间的宇航服可以抵抗月球的极端温度、辐射和灰尘,并使宇航员的身体灵活地在月球表面执行任务。由空前physical为形容词可知,此处应用名词作宾语。故填flexibility。
3.(2025·河北省五个一名校联考高三月考)The market aims to create a platform to help these museums reach 64 (wide) audiences and gain greater exposure than before, showcasing cultural creative products which are worth owning by more people.
【答案】wider
【解析】考查比较级。句意:市场旨在搭建一个平台,帮助这些博物馆触达更广泛的受众,获得比以往更大的曝光度,展示值得更多人拥有的文化创意产品。空处修饰名词audiences,应用形容词,再结合句意“更广泛的”应用wide的比较级wider,与后文的greater形成呼应。故填wider。
考点六 提示词为代词—考查代词宾格、物主代词或反身代词
1.(2024·全国甲卷)This area, with (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy - as a national park.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意:这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园保护好,为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
2.(2020·新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine _________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
3.(2021·全国I卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in (I).
【答案】mine
【解析】考查代词。句意为:对我来说的确如此。指my memory,所以用名词性物主代词作介词的宾语,故填mine.
提示词为代词,应考虑以下几种情况:
1.若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语,则应考虑人称代词的主格形式;
2.若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语,则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式;
3.若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语,则应考虑形容词性物主代词;
4.若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语,且和主语是同一人时,则应考虑反身代词。
1.(2025·河北省五个一名校联考高三月考)The National Museum of China recently launched an original fridge magnet (冰箱贴) inspired by a phoenix crown, selling over a thousand units within just a few hours of 57 (it) release, sparking interest in the entire series of cultural and creative products.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意:这款冰箱贴在发布后的几个小时内就售出了上千件,激发了人们对这一系列文化创意产品的兴趣。空处修饰名词release,应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
2.(2024九省联考)However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of (they).
【答案】themselves。
【解析】考查代词。句意:然而,他认为,用钢笔练习可以帮助学生集中注意力,写得更快,他们可以为自己感到自豪。根据空格前的介词of可知,空格处应填代词作宾语,根据句意“他们自己”应用themselves。故填themselves。
3.(2025·湖南省永州一中)Growing up in a different environment from (they) elders, they have witnessed China’s rise as a global economic powerhouse and formed a brand-new consumption concept.
【答案】their
【解析】考查代词。句意:他们成长在与长辈不同的环境中,见证了中国作为全球经济强国的崛起,形成了全新的消费观念。结合语意,他们成长的环境与他们长辈的不同,空处应用形容词性物主代词their,表示“他们的”。故填their。
考点七 提示词为基数词—考查其序数词或其他形式
1.(2021·新高考II卷)I've always loved the ocean. In the 56 (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
【答案】seventh
【解析】考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词,所以填seventh。
2.(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 62 (six) century, B. C.
【答案】sixth
【解析】考查数词。句意:寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
1.基数词和序数词的相互转换
①一般来说,序数词是由相应的基数词词尾加th构成。
②十位整数序数词的构成方法是将y变为i,再加e t h。
③两位或两位以上的基数词变成序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词。
此外,常考的基数词、序数词一般会在100以内,具体见下表。
one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine—ninth ten—tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth thirteen—thirteenth fourteen—fourteenth fifteen—fifteenth sixteen—sixteenth seventeen—seventeenth eighteen—eighteenth nineteen—nineteenth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth seventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth
2.与数词相关的表达法
①分数是由基数词作分子,序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是"1"的情况外,序数词都要用复数。
②表示某人的大约年龄,即“几十多岁”时,使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.'s+整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”。如:in his fifties。
③当hundred, thousand, million, billion前面有基数词时,用单数形式,词尾不加-s;前面有many, several, a few修饰时,仍用单数形式。如:several billion years。
④“数词+普通名词+形容词”构成的合成形容词中,数词和普通名词都要用单数形式。
1.(2025·广东梅县高三月考)She is a remarkable athlete , known for her outstanding speed and skill, making her (two) only to the world champion in her sport.
【答案】second
【解析】考查序数词。句意:她是一名杰出的运动员,以她出色的速度和技巧而闻名,使她在该运动中仅次于世界冠军。根据下文“only to the world champion”可知是第二名,所以应用序数词,故填second。
2.You’d better go home to see your parents (two) a week. They need more care.
【答案】twice
【解析】考查固定用法。句意:你最好每周回家看你父母两次。他们需要更多的照顾。twice意为“两次,两倍”,twice a week“一周两次”。故填twice。
3.The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations says about one (three) of the food produced worldwide each year is wasted or lost.
【答案】third
【解析】考查数词。句意:联合国粮食及农业组织表示,全世界每年生产的食物中约有三分之一被浪费或损失。根据语境 “三分之一的食物被浪费或流失”可知,此处指三分之一,分数表达法①分子用基数词,分母用序数词;当分子大于1的时候,分母使用复数形式。结合空前的one可知,该空填序数词third。故填third。
4.A woman in her (sixty) told him her husband had died of cancer a week earlier.
【答案】sixties
【解析】考查数词表达法。句意:一位六十几岁的妇女告诉他,她丈夫一周前死于癌症。in one’s sixties意为“在某人六十多岁时”。故填sixties。
5.There are twelve floors in this building and Mr. Wu’s office is on the (four) floor.
【答案】fourth
【解析】考查数词。句意:这栋楼有十二层,吴先生的办公室在四楼。所设空表达的是顺序和位置,指第四层楼,应用序数词,故填fourth。
04重难点突破 有提示词的语法填空基本知识的综合运用
有提示词的语法填空重难点突破:
有提示词的语法填空在高考语法填空的命题中占7个左右,是语法填空的重点考查内容,掌握了有提示词的语法填空的解题思路和方法也就把握了语法填空的重点。
策略:1.看提示词的哪种词类;2.根据词类定填空的方向,从而确定是词形转换还是词的具体用法,这是解题关键。
语法填空
(2025·江西省吉安市六校协作体高三联考)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Caviar (鱼子酱) is a term 1 (use)to describe fish eggs of sturgeon (鲟鱼). It is sometimes attached to the eggs of other fish 2 (category). There are three kinds of Caspian Sea caviar, each of 3 was named after the types of sturgeon that produces it. Sevruga, from the smallest fish, is fine-grained, 4 (intense) black and very salty. Oscetra, from a bigger fish, is larger-grained, often paler, with a “rich, almost, fruity or earthy flavor”. Beluga is from the largest, whitest and rarest fish, 5 (have) a delicate flavor. Caviar is a staple (主食) of Russian cuisine and is traditionally enjoyed on New Year’s Eve. In the old days caviar 6 (be) a staple, not a luxury. Works from the early 18th century make a description that caviar was sold on street corners.
An egg-filled sturgeon from the Caspian Sea is regarded as one of the world’s most 7 (value) fishes. The caviar from a quality sturgeon can sell 8 several hundred dollars an ounce. The eggs from a single white sturgeon can fetch more than $100,000.
Caviar can vary in color from black to pale grey to gold and even ivory. If it 9 (dry), refrigerated and properly stored at -2℃, it can stay good for 18 months.
Russians like eating caviar on thickly-buttered toast or bread. In the early 2000s, world caviar prices were rising sharply, as demand increased and supply decreased. Prices doubled and international authorities tried to crack down on fake by carrying out 10 labeling system.
【答案】1.used 2.categories 3.which 4.intensely 5.having 6.was 7.valuable 8.for 9.is dried 10.a
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了鱼子酱的制作来源,种类及售价等方面信息。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意:鱼子酱是用来描述鲟鱼鱼卵的术语。此句已经有谓语动词 is,因此此空用非谓语动词。term和use是被动关系,用过去分词作定语。故填used。
2.考查名词复数。句意:它有时附着在其他鱼类的卵上。other fish肯定不止一个品种,因此用category的复数形式。故填categories。
3.考查定语从句。句意:里海鱼子酱有三种,每一种都以生产它的鲟鱼的种类命名。此处是“介词短语+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词是Caspian Sea caviar,关系词作介词宾语,使用关系代词which。故填which。
4.考查副词。句意:Sevruga是一种最小的鱼,色泽细腻,呈深黑色,非常咸。此空修饰形容词black,因此用其副词形式intensely。故填intensely。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意:Beluga是一种最大、最白、最稀有的鱼,味道鲜美。此句已经有谓语动词 is,而且 Beluga和have之间是主动关系,因此用现在分词作状语。故填having。
6.考查时态。句意:在过去,鱼子酱是主食,而不是奢侈品。根据时间状语In the old days及主语 caviar可知,此处应用第三人称单数形式,且为一般过去时。故填was。
7.考查形容词。句意:里海的鲟鱼被认为是世界上最有价值的鱼类之一。根据句意及空前的most可知,空处用形容词作定语修饰fishes。空处用形容词原级,和most构成最高级。故填valuable。
8.考查介词。句意:优质鲟鱼的鱼子酱可以卖到每盎司几百美元。sell for…“售价为……”,固定词组。故填for。
9.考查动词时态语态。句意:如果干燥、冷藏并在-2℃下妥善保存,可保存18个月。主语 it是第三人称单数形式,和 dry之间是被动关系,而且用于条件状语从句,是一般性表述,因此用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is dried。
10.考查冠词。句意:价格翻了一番,国际当局试图通过实施标签制度来打击假货。system是可数名词的单数,此处表示泛指,而且labeling是辅音音素开头,因此用不定冠词a。故填a。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)