专题02 冠词和代词
目录
01考情透视·目标导航 2
02知识导图·思维引航 3
03考点突破·考向探究 5
考点一 考查短语中的冠词 5
【真题研析】 5
【核心精讲】 6
【命题预测】 6
考点二 考查句型中的冠词 7
【真题研析】 7
【核心精讲】 7
【命题预测】 7
考点三 考查定冠词表特指 8
【真题研析】 8
【核心精讲】 9
【命题预测】 10
考点四 考查不定冠词表示泛指 10
【真题研析】 10
【核心精讲】 10
【命题预测】 10
考点五 考查抽象名词具体化中的冠词 12
【真题研析】 12
【核心精讲】 12
【命题预测】 13
考点六 考查代词的词形转换 14
【真题研析】 14
【核心精讲】 15
【命题预测】 16
考点七 考查代词的句法功能 16
【真题研析】 16
【核心精讲】 17
【命题预测】 17
考点八 考查代词it的用法 18
【真题研析】 18
【核心精讲】 18
【命题预测】 19
考点九 考查其他代词的用法 20
04重难点突破 名词和数词基本知识的综合运用 23
冠词和代词
考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析
考查短语中的冠词 熟练掌握常考含有冠词的短语 (2024·新高考I卷)61.for the first time (2023·新高考I卷)63.a touch of (2021·全国甲卷)48.all the way 从近三年高考试题来看,试题主要以语法填空的形式命题,题目中等偏易,以考查学生对有关冠词表示特指、泛指、名短语中的冠词及抽象名词具体化中的冠词,代词主要考查代词的句法功能、代词的各种形式、代词it的相关句型。冠词是常考点,代词是轮考点。 预计在2025年高考中,有可能以语法填空的形式考查冠词和代词,冠词的出现的几率较大。
考查句型中的冠词 熟练掌握常考含有冠词的固定句型 (2024年1月浙江卷)64.one...the other (2022·新高考I卷)57.three times the size of ...
考查定冠词表特指 掌握定冠词的基本用法 (2023·新高考II卷)59.the (2023年1月浙江卷)65.the (2022·新高考II卷)57.The (2022年1月浙江高考卷)59.the
考查不定冠词表示泛指 掌握不定冠词的基本用法 (2022·全国甲卷)64.A (2020年1月浙江卷)63.a
考查抽象名词具体化中的冠词 注意特殊不定冠词的用法 (2021新课标I) 65.a
考查代词的词形转换 掌握代词的各种变化形式 (2024·全国甲卷)46.its (2024年1月浙江高考真题)65.ones (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷)their (2021年新高考I卷) mine
考查代词的句法功能 根据代词在句中作的成分判断代词的格 (2022·全国甲卷改编)her--she (2022·全国乙卷改编)they--them
考点一 考查短语中的冠词
1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61 first time.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:此外,温室周围的丝绸之路花园带领游客踏上一段受古代丝绸之路影响的旅程,通过这条丝绸之路,丝绸和许多植物物种首次来到英国。固定搭配:for the first time,意为“第一次”,符合句意。故填the。
2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with 63 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点儿甜味,汤应该是热的、清澈的和美味的。a touch of “一点儿;少许”为常用搭配,touch“一点儿;少许”常用作单数。故填a。
3.(2021·全国甲卷) It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:我们绕着西安城墙走了大约3个小时。结合句意表示“一直;完全地”可知短语为all the way,故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。
一些易错固定搭配中的不定冠词:如:a waste of浪费……;a touch of “一点儿;少许”;be at a loss不知所措 eat at a mouthful 一口吃下one(two, three....)at a time一次一个(两个,三个......)
一些固定搭配中的定冠词:in the air在传播中,on the whole大体上,by the way顺便提一下,to tell the truth老实说。
1.高频短语中的不定冠词
【高频再现】
不定冠词用在固定搭配中,如catch a cold、have a fever、all of a sudden、as a matter of fact、as a result、have a gift for、make a living、have/take a rest、give sb a lift、have a good knowledge of、a handful of 等。
2.高频短语中的定冠词
【高频再现】
①定冠词用在固定搭配中,如at the same time、on the contrary、to tell the truth、in the distance、make the most/best of、in the middle of、on the spot等。
②动词(catch/take/hit等)+sb+介词+the+身体部位。
1.(2025·安徽省芜湖市第一中学教学质量诊断)A Taiping Drum is usually made up of a shell, a cloth skin, and a handle with handful of decorative rings, and this single-sided drum is usually played with a wooden mallet (木槌).
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:太平鼓通常由一个外壳、一个布皮和一个带有少许带装饰环的把手组成,这种单面鼓通常用木槌演奏。a handful of 是固定短语,意为“一把;少许”,故用不定冠词a。故填a。
2.(2025·内蒙古多校高三上学期第一次联考)Through strict genetic studies conducted on pandas both in
wild and in captivity, researchers found that pandas with brown-and-white coats are the result of natural variation, rather than a sign of inbreeding (近亲繁殖) in a decreasing population.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:通过对野生和圈养大熊猫进行严格的遗传研究,研究人员发现,棕白相间的大熊猫是自然变异的结果,而不是数量减少的种群中近亲繁殖的迹象。修饰“wild”用定冠词“the”,构成固定搭配:in the wild,意为“在野外”,符合句意。故填the。
考点二 考查句型中的冠词
1.(2024年1月浙江高考真题)Then, when you use one section, 64 other stays fresh.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:然后,当你使用其中一部分时,另一部分保持新鲜。the other意为“另一个”,为固定搭配,所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。
2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). Covering an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
【答案】 the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为:倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
常考的固定句型中的冠词
①主语+be+the size/length/width/height+of+被比较的对象
Our building is twice the height of yours. 我们的大楼是你们的大楼的两倍高。
②主语+be+the+形容词比较级+of/between...
He is the taller of the two. 他是两人之中较高的那个。
③ 主语+be+the+形容词或副词最高级
Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。
④ one of+the+形容词或副词最高级
The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China. 黄河是中国最长的河之一。
⑤one... the other ...一个,另一个
1.(2025·河北省部分学校联考)The new road built in this month is more than three times ______ width of the old one that was built in 2011.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:本月修建的新公路的宽度是2011年修建的旧公路的三倍多。用于比较句型中,表特指用the。
2.(2025·安徽省皖豫名校联盟联考)The city built a giant storage basin capable of holding 46, 000 cubic metres of waste water. The basin is 30 metres deep and size of a dozen Olympic swimming pools.
【答案】the
【解析】 考查冠词。句意:这个水池有12个奥运会游泳池那么大。根据空后size可知,本空应填冠词,此处特指,应用定冠词the,故填the。
考点三 考查定冠词表特指
1.(2023年新高考II卷) Not the pandas, even though 59 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:不是熊猫,尽管医学训练说明中使用的语言实际上是英语。空后名词language为可数名词,根据后面used for the medical training instructions可知,此处language表示特指,故本空应用定冠词the。
2.(2023年1月浙江高考卷) In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect _____65_____ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比,胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知,此处culture表示特指概念,应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
3.(2022年新高考II卷) ___57___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
【答案】The
【解析】考查冠词。句意:布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构,设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏,意为“某某一家人”,the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首,首字母应该大写。故填The。
4.(2022年1月浙江高考卷)The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to ___59___ blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式,因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看;我们用大脑看。the blind“盲人”,the+形容词表示一类人。故填the。
1.根据语境判断定冠词表示特指(特指具体说就是指具体存在的东西,我们看得见的东西);
2. 分析句子结构,发现空后有名词,搭配后表示特指时,应考虑用定冠词the。
定冠词表特指的用法:
①用于特指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。
When I passed the station this morning, I saw an accident.今天早晨经过车站时,我看到了一起交通事故。
②用于复述上文已经提到的人或事物。
I applied for a university in the USA. The university enjoys a good reputation.我申请了一所美国大学,这所大学享有很好的声誉。
③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或发明创造的名词前。
The sun is much larger than the earth.太阳比地球大的多。
④用于表示演奏的西洋乐器的名词前。
He started to play the piano at five.他五岁开始学习弹钢琴。
【高频再现】
①用于姓氏的复数前表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。
The Smiths are watching TV now.史密斯一家正在看电视。
②用于形容词前表示一类人。
the rich, the poor, the old, the Chinese, the wounded, the injured, the disabled。
③用于序数词或形容词的最高级前面。
The first thing you should do is to think it over and over again.你首先要做的事情是再三考虑一下。
表示中国民族乐器的名词前通常不加冠词,如pipa(琵琶)、flute(长笛)、erhu(二胡)等。
1.(2025·广东省汕尾市四校联考高三月考)Despite ________shared goal of saving money, frugal living is actually leading a kind of low-cost life.
【答案】the
【解析】the考查冠词。句意:尽管大家都有省钱的目标,但节俭的生活实际上是一种低成本的生活。根据shared及of saving money可知,此处表示具体的目标,用定冠词the。故填the。
2.(2025·江苏省海门中学高三第一次调研)Tang lived and worked in Jiangxi Province during Ming Dynasty at around the same time that William Shakespeare, the great wordsmith and playwright, was active half a world away in England during the Tudor era. They were contemporaries whose works remain popular and are still performed today.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意:汤显祖在明朝的江西省生活和工作,大约在同一时期,伟大的语言大师和剧作家威廉·莎士比亚在都铎时代活跃在半个地球之外的英国。Ming Dynasty特指明朝,前应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
考点四 考查不定冠词表示泛指
1.(2022年全国甲卷) 64 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。根据句意可知,此处泛指“他的一个朋友”,用不定冠词,friend以辅音音素开头,用a,注意首字母大写。故填A。
2.(2020年1月浙江卷)A child born in the US today has ____63_____very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上,因此需要做出相应的计划。chance为可数名词,此处表示泛指应用不定冠词,且very为辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。
1.根据语境判断不定冠词表示泛指:(常考点)
(1)不定冠词与单数名词连用,泛指一类事物或一类事物中的一个。
(2)用于某人或某物的名字前,指与其具有相同特性的人或物。
(3)在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。
2. 不定冠词a/an分析句子结构,发现空后有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑用不定冠词a/an。
不定冠词表泛指的用法
①不定冠词与单数名词连用,泛指一类事物或一类事物中的一个。
②用于表示价格、速度、比率、时间、重量、长度等的单位名词前,表示“每一”,相当于every,each或per。
③表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前有形容词修饰时,加a或an。
①序数词前加a或an表示“又一”,“再一”。
②用于某人或某物的名字前,指与其具有相同特性的人或物。
1.(2025·重庆巴蜀中学高考适应性月考卷(二))There’s also a new shade tree for climbing. Visitors to the zoo can make reservations for 80- minute early morning walking tour to see pandas, which is not included in the price of admission.
【答案】an
【解析】考查冠词。句意:参观动物园的游客可以预订一个80分钟的清晨徒步游去看熊猫,这并不包括在门票中。此处需要用一个冠词来修饰80-minute这个以元音音素开头的单数可数名词短语。由于80-minute是泛指的一个80分钟的游览,因此使用不定冠词an。故填an。
2.(2025·广西名校联盟高三适应性检测)The drop site is at the top of a watchtower along the Badaling section of the Great Wall, ______ area previously untouched by commercial activities as it is protected by planning regulations.
【答案】an
【解析】 an考查冠词。句意:投放地点位于长城八达岭段的一个瞭望塔的顶部,由于受到规划法规的保护,该地区以前没有商业活动。此处需要冠词来修饰单数名词“area”,且“area”为元音音素开头的单词,因此用不定冠词“an”表示泛指。故填an。
3.(2025·广东省深圳市罗湖区高三第一次摸底)OpenAI claimed in news release that Sora will become an important milestone in achieving Artificial General Intelligence.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:OpenAI在一场新闻发布会上声称,Sora将成为实现通用人工智能的重要里程碑。此处泛指“一场新闻发布会”,且news以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
考点五 考查抽象名词具体化中的冠词
(2021新课标I) While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 65 must to visit!
【答案】a
【解析】句意为:你在中国的时候,一定要去黄山!泛指一件必须的事情,所以用不定冠词,故填a.
①所有学生都知道must是情态动词,意为:必须。但有些学生不知道其用作名词时,意为:一件必须要做的事。
②此处考查抽象名词具体化。
抽象名词具体化用法中的冠词
①抽象名词具体化,使之具有了“一”的概念。
The house is full of joy.
The little girl is a joy to her parents. (令人高兴的人或物)
Failure is the mother of success.
He is a success. (一个成功的人或物)
He gave me a lot of pleasure.
It is a pleasure to work with you. (一件令人愉快的事情)
She looked up in surprise.
What a great surprise you gave me. (一件令人惊讶的事情)
Knowledge is power.
He has a wide knowledge of animals. (一门…的知识)
He received little education/ a good education. (一种…的教育)
②某些物质名词也可以和不定冠词连用,而变成具体化的名词。例如
I like coffee.
Would you like a coffee (一杯咖啡)
I has just had lunch.
I has just had a big lunch. (一顿丰盛的午餐)
1.(2025·广东省清远市高三一模)Additionally, performers from the Gansu Performing Arts Group charmed (吸引) the audience with traditional Dunhuang music and dance, offering unforgettable audio-visual experience.
【答案】an
【解析】考查冠词。句意:此外,来自甘肃演艺集团的演员们以传统的敦煌歌舞吸引了观众们,为他们提供了一场难忘的视听体验。空处和其后的unforgettable audio-visual experience组成名词词组作offering的宾语,这里表示泛指“一次、一场(经历)”应用不定冠词,而空后紧跟着的unforgettable以元音音素开头,应用an。故填an。
①experience作经验解时,是不可数名词,不能和冠词连用。
②此处experience意为:经历,是可数名词,其前可以不定冠词,表示:一次经历。
2.(2025·山东省部分学校高三月考)However, the railway quickly proved to be great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:然而,这种铁路很快证明是巨大的成功。在六个月内,超过25000万人每天使用它。这里success抽象名词具体化,此处指:一件成功的事。故前用不定冠词a。
①success作成功解时,是不可数名词,不能和冠词连用。
②此处success具体化,意为:一个成功的人或事,是可数名词,其前可以不定冠词,表示:一个成功的人或一件成功的事。
考点六 考查代词的词形转换
1.(2024·全国甲卷)They wondered out loud. This area, with 46 (it)unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意:这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园保护好,为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
2.(2024年1月浙江高考真题)Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 65 (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
【答案】ones
【解析】考查代词。句意:谁知道呢,也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸,并提供特别优惠。代词one意为“一个人”,在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。
3.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of (they) contents.
【答案】their
【解析】考查代词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
4. (2021年新高考I卷) As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in (I).
【答案】mine
【解析】考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知,本句为does指代前一句的stick,本句缺乏宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
名词性物主代词是较难的考点,使用名词性物主代词时,前面一定要有被指代的名词,只有这样才能使用名词性物主代词。
5. (2021年浙江卷)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of __________ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
【答案】herself
【解析】考查代词。句意:她非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的写照,一切都很有品位,井井有条。根据句意可知,此处意为“她自己”,可知此处考查反身代词;提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
反身代词是容易被忽视的考点,使用反身代词时,要和前面的主语人称一致。
常考代词的形式
①人称代词
人称代词主格 I we you (你) you (你们) he she it they
人称代词宾格 me us you you him her it them
②物主代词
形容词性物主代词 my our your (你的) your (你们的) his her its their
名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs
③反身代词
单数 myself yourself himself, herself, itself oneself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
④与反身代词相对的短语
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 come to oneself 苏醒 by oneself 独自地
teach oneself 自学 devote oneself to 致力于…… of oneself 自动地
behave oneself 举止得体 help oneself to 自己取用…… for oneself 为自己
seat oneself 坐下 make oneself at home 不拘束 be oneself 身心自在
1.(2025·广东省清远市高三一模)These efforts allowed the audience to bury (they) in the historical and cultural essence of the Dunhuang Grottoes.
【答案】themselves
【解析】考查代词。句意:这些工作使得观众们沉浸在敦煌石窟的历史和文化精髓中。空处与其前不定式作宾语补足语,they和宾语the audience所指相同,应用反身代词。故填themselves。
2.(2025·辽宁省普通高中高三期中)It has become a cultural landmark of the Yellow River Basin where visitors can view the river passing through the city and watch exhibitions showing (it) long history and diverse cultures.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。句意:它已经成为黄河流域的一个文化地标,游客可以在这里看到河流穿过城市,观看展示其悠久历史和多元文化的展览。修饰后文名词应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
3.(2025·辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟高三月考)The trash takeaway service requires residents to sort __________ (they) own garbage before it is picked up by workers from Eleme, who will definitely dispose of the waste in the correct garbage bins.
【答案】their
【解析】their考查代词。句意:垃圾外卖服务要求居民将自己的垃圾分类,然后由饿了么的工作人员拿走,他们定会将垃圾处理在正确的垃圾箱里。根据空后的“own garbage”可知,空处为形容词性物主代词,修饰名词“own garbage”。故填their。
考点七 考查代词的句法功能
1.(2022·全国甲卷改编)Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, ________ (her) toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.
【答案】she
【解析】考查代词主格。句意:在她作为一名职业舞者的职业生涯中,她去过英国巡回演出,但总是渴望进一步探索。此处作主语,应用主格。故填she。
2.(2022·全国乙卷改编)They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like ________ (they), had little privacy.
【答案】them
【解析】考查代词宾格。句意:他们搬到了当地的一个家庭,哈里森一家,和他们一样,几乎没有隐私。 like在句中作介词,其后应用宾格。故填them。
3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)________ (she) notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age.
【答案】Her
【解析】考查代词作定语。句意:她的通知中包括她想做什么样的训练,每周有多少天,她想在每次训练上花多少个时间,以及她的年龄。此处作定语修饰notice,应用形容词性物主代词。故填Her。
代词句法功能:
当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时,一般填代词;确定填代词之后,再看一下所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。
①作主语:人称代词主格(I、we、you等)。
②作宾语/表语:人称代词宾格(me、us、you等)、名词性物主代词(mine、ours、yours等)。
③作定语:形容词性物主代词(my、our、your等)。
④如果宾语与主语是指同一人或物,用反身代词(myself、yourself、itself等)。
⑤填it的情况:作形式主语或形式宾语;指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
⑥that、those、one作替代词,用来代替已提到的名词,以避免重复。
1.(2025·江苏省海安高级中学高三月考)The cake was then seen as a symbol of the earth’s fertility and the people’s resilience, qualities that Yu (he) represented.
【答案】himself
【解析】考查反身代词。 句意:这块蛋糕被视为土地肥沃和人民坚韧的象征,这些品质正是大禹本人所代表的。本空用反身代词himself,表示“他自己”,作同位语,其强调作用。故填himself。
2.(2025·湖北省腾云联盟高三联考)The China-Laos Railway has opened “a new phase of development” for Laos to transform (it)from a landlocked country to a land-linked one.
【答案】itself
【解析】考查代词。句意:中老铁路开启了老挝由内陆国向陆联国转变的“发展新阶段”。根据空格前的动词transform可知,空格处作宾语,itself 在此处指代 the Laos 老挝。故填itself。
考点八 考查代词it的用法
1.(2022·北京卷改编)________it is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.
【答案】It
【解析】考查it作形式主语。句意:对每个人来说,花一些时间来锻炼对健康和健身是很重要的。此处it作形式主语不定式是真正的主语;句首单词首字母大写。故填It。
2.(2018年浙江卷)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _________ can be to eat out.
【答案】it
【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句,正常语序应该是it can be how cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语,it是形式主语。故填it。
与it相关的句型
it用于某些句型
It's (about/high) time+that-从句
某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时,有时也用“should+动词原形”)
It's the first/second... time+that sb. has/have done 这是某人第几次做某事
It's+时间段+since-从句
自从……有多长时间了
It's+时间段+before-从句
过了多长时间才……
it作形式主语(宾语)的用法
it常作形式主语(宾语),替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
(1)it作形式主语的句型
①It+be+adj. +(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。
②It+be+adj.+of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
③It+be+n.(+for sb./sth.)+to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
④It+be+adj./n.+doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。
⑤It+be+n./adj.+主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange+that从句”中,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。
(2)it作形式宾语的情况
①主语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+adj./n.+不定式/动名词/从句。
②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。
1.(2025·吉林省东北师范大学附属中学高三第一次摸底)Young people today may find difficult to be accustomed to life without the Internet.
【答案】it
【解析】考查代词。句意:今天的年轻人可能会发现很难习惯没有互联网的生活。“find it + adj. + to do sth.”是一个常用结构,其中 it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的 to be accustomed to life without the Internet。故填it。
2.(2025·江苏省期中)The importance of music and the effect has on children’s intelligence development has been widely acknowledged.
【答案】it
【解析】考查代词。句意:音乐的重要性及其对儿童智力发展的作用,已得到广泛承认。此空所在的句子为省略了关系词that定语从句修饰先行词effect,该空是定语从句的主语,指代music,所以使用代词it。故填it。
3.(2025·新疆阿克苏市实验中学月考)As there have been so many different styles of Western art, is impossible to describe them all in a short text.
【答案】it
【解析】考查代词。句意:由于西方艺术有许多不同的风格,不可能在一篇短文中全部描述出来。此处为固定句型:It+ be+ adj+ (for sb.) to do sth,it作形式主语,不定式形式作真正主语,所以此处应为代词it,指代的是不定式短语“to describe them all in a short text”。故填it。
通过句式结构和“指代”内容判断是否用it
(1)如果指代上文提到的同一个事物,则用it;
(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况,则用it;
(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语,则用it;
(4)某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句,此时需先用it作形式宾语,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语)有like、dislike、hate、appreciate、depend on、rely on、count on、see to等。
考点九 考查其他代词的用法
1.(2025·重庆市巴蜀中学校高三月考)So far, three shadow theatres have managed to rise from their ashes, ensuring the transmission of the skills, including relating to puppet making.
【答案】those
【解析】考查代词。句意:迄今为止,已经有三个皮影剧团从灰烬中重生,确保了技艺的传承,包括与木偶制作相关的技艺。分析句意可知,空出强调的是与木偶制作相关的技艺,应填代词those,指代前文中的复数名词,有后置定语修饰。故填those。
2.(2025·黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学期中)Helping others is a habit, that you can learn at an early age.
【答案】one
【解析】考查代词。句意:帮助别人是一种习惯,一种你可以从小学到的习惯。that you can learn at an early age是定语从句,修饰先行词,所以此处需要一个词去代替前面的habit,one做habit的同位语,故填one。
通过分析指代意义确定替代词
(1)若指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词则用that,若指代复数形式用those;
(2)若指代前面出现过的某类事物中的“一个”则用one,若指代复数形式用ones。
1.指示代词用法
典型用法 典型示例
it代指上文提到的同一人、同一物 --Where's your car --It's in the garage.--你的汽车在哪儿?--在车库里。 Start a new file and put this letter in it. 建立一个新档案,把这封信放进去。
that指代上文提到的不可数名词或单数名词 The population of China is larger than that one. 中国人口比日本多。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Hainan.北京的天气比海南冷。
those特指上文提到的复数名词 The houses in Zhengzhou are cheaper than those in Beijing. 郑州的房屋比北京房屋便宜。
one泛指上文提到的可数名词,前有定语 I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了,这是一个新的。 I'd like an apple. Are you having one, too 我想买吃苹果,你也要吗?
ones代替泛指的复数名词 Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
the one特指上文提到的单数名词 This school is the one we visited last week. 这是我上周参观的那个学校。 Our house is the one next to the school. 我家的房子就是学校旁边的那座。
the ones特指上文提到的复数名词 Don’t buy the expensive apples; buy the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果,买那便宜的。
2.不定代词用法
典型用法 典型示例
each指两者或两者以上中每个 They each have their own email address. 他们每个人都有自己的电子邮件地址。
both表示“两者都” Both his mother and his father will be there. 他父母二人都要去那里。
all指“(三者或三者以上)全部” All five men are hard workers. 五个人全都工作努力。
either表示“(两者中的)任何一个” You can park on either side of the street. 这条街两边都可停车。
neither表示“两者都不” Neither of my parents speaks a foreign language. 我的父母都不会说外语。
none表示“(三者或三者以上)全无,没有一点” We have three sons but none of them live nearby. 我们有三个儿子,但他们都不住在附近。
nothing表示“没有任何东西” The doctor said there was nothing wrong with me. 医生说我什么毛病也没有。
another泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一,又一” Heavy rains continued another three days. 大雨持续了三天。 Would you like another drink 还想喝一杯吗?
other泛指“其余的”,只作定语 Are there any other questions 还有其他问题没有?
others“另一些” Don't expect others to read your mind. 不要期望别人能看出你的心思。
the other特指两者之中的另一个 He raised one arm and then the other. 他先举起一只手,然后举起另一只。
the others“剩余的一些” I walked back while the others rode in the car. 别人都乘车,而我是走回来的。
1.They produced two reports, ______ of which contained any useful suggestions.
【答案】neither
【解析】考查代词的用法。句意:他们做了两份报告,但都没有包含任何有用的建议。根据前文中的two reports及后文中的any,可知这里用否定的意义的代词,因为是两份报告。故填neither。
2.Both sides have accused _________ of breaking the contract.
【答案】the other
【解析】考查代词的用法。句意:双方都指责对方违反了合同。根据前文的both sides可知,指责对方。故填the other。
3. I know that_________ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.
【答案】nothing
【解析】考查代词的用法。句意:我知道没有什么能阻止他;他永远不会放弃想当导演的愿望。根据句意填nothing,没什么能阻止他。故填nothing。
4.It is very necessary that children should be taught how to get along with _________(other).
【答案】others
【解析】考查代词的用法。句意:教孩子们如何与他人相处是非常必要的。根据句意此处指别人。故填others。
理清范围,看清句式,确定不定代词
(1)两者:二者选其一用either; 二者都不选用neither; 二者都选用both;
(2)三者或三者以上:三者或三者以上的任何一个用any; 三者或三者以上都不选用none; 三者或三者以上都选用all;
(3)其他:若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用another;若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用the other;若表示“其余的,另外的”,在名词前用other; 若不跟名词且指代复数, 用others。
重难点突破 冠词和代词基本知识的综合运用
冠词综合运用指导:
1.注意泛指还是特指
①如果空格后的名词或“形容词+名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。
②如果空格及后面的名词在文中第一次出现,可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”,一般填a/an;如果是前文已经提到过,可翻译成“这/那个,这/那些”,一般填the。
③如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。
2.注意固定搭配
例如:in charge of...负责……,in the charge of...由……负责;in front of在……前面(外部),in the front of在……前面(内部);in possession of...拥有……,in the possession of...为……所有;out of question毫无疑问,out of the question不可能;by sea乘船,by the sea在海边;at table在吃饭,at the table在桌旁。
代词综合运用指导:
1.通过句子成分确定所填代词的形式
如果作主语,则用人称代词的主格;如果作宾语或表语,则用人称代词的宾格;如果作定语,则用形容词性物主代词;如果作宾语、表语或同位语且又和句子的主语为同一人或物,则用反身代词。
2.通过句式结构和“指代”,判断是否用it
如果指代上文提到的同一个事物,则用it;如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况则用it;如果作形式主语或形式宾语,则用it;注意一些固定用法:dislike/hate/appreciate/depend on/see to...+it+从句。
(2025·安徽省五校高三期中联考)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(标黄题号为本专题考点)
Peng Jingxuan plueks the strings of a guzheng, a zither-like instrument in the streets. 1 makes this street performance unusual is that it is held under the Eiffel Tower in Paris. In another French city, Strasbourg, Zhao Yang plays the pipa, a Chinese lute with four strings. They post videos of their street performances in France and receive praise from the viewers 2 response. They also share the videos on YouTube, 3 (attract) many foreign viewers from all over the world.
Since she started performing in the streets in 2018, she 4 (feel) an increase of foreigners’ interest in Chinese culture. In order to spread Chinese culture, Zhao has studied the costumes and hairstyles of different dynasties to show the 5 (diverse) of Chinese culture. In addition, she wears sunglasses to create 6 unique look. “Many people think traditional Chinese culture is 7 (mystery) and quiet, but I want to show them that it has infinite possibilities and power,” she explained. With 8 (they) increasing popularity, the two women are continuing to come up with innovative ways to provide more special visual and auditory enjoyment to their audiences. Peng said, “I want Westerners to accept more diverse traditional Chinese instruments and to 9 (well) understand Chinese culture.” Zhao is adapting the works of some famous Chinese rock bands to combine modern Chinese rock music with the classical instrument. “Traditional Chinese culture has great vitality, 10 is entering a new era of bright prospects.”
【答案】
1.What 2.in 3.attracting 4.has felt 5.diversity 6.a 7.mysterious 8.their 9.better 10.which
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在法国街头彭静旋表演古筝,赵洋表演琵琶,传播中国文化的事迹。
1.考查主语从句。句意:这场街头表演的独到之处在于,它是在巴黎埃菲尔铁塔下举行的。分析句子结构可知,空处引导主语从句,根据空后makes this street performance unusual可知,空处缺少主语从句的主语,指代事物,应用连接词what引导。句首字母应大写,故填What。
2.考查介词。句意:他们上传了在法国街头表演的视频,作为回应,得到了观众的好评。in response“作为回应”是固定搭配。故填in。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:他们还在YouTube上分享视频,吸引了来自世界各地的许多外国观众。该句的谓语是share,且无连词,空处应用非谓语动词。动词attract与逗号前面一句话之间存在主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。故填attracting。
4.考查现在完成时。句意:自2018年她开始街头表演以来,她就感受到外国人对中国文化的兴趣在不断增长。根据时间状语Since she started performing in the streets in 2018可知,此处描述过去动作对现在造成的影响,应用现在完成时,主谓一致,故填has felt。
5.考查名词。句意:为了传播中国文化,赵研究了不同朝代的服饰和发型,以展示中国文化的多样性。空处应用名词形式diversity,为抽象名词,作宾语。故填diversity。
6.考查冠词。句意:此外,她还戴着太阳镜,打造出独特的造型。此处look为可数名词单数,空处应用不定冠词表泛指,单词unique的发音以辅音音素开头,故填a。
7.考查形容词。句意:很多人认为中国传统文化是神秘而安静的,但我想向他们展示它其实蕴含着无限的可能性和力量。根据空前is和空后and quiet可知,空处应用形容词,与quiet并列作表语。故填mysterious。
8.考查物主代词。句意:随着人气的不断攀升,这两位女士也继续探索创新方式,为观众带来更特别的视听盛宴。修饰名词popularity应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
9.考查比较级。句意:彭说:“我希望西方人能接受更多样化的中国传统乐器,更好地了解中国文化。”根据more diverse可知,空处应用副词的比较级形式better,修饰动词understand。故填better。
10.考查定语从句。句意:中国传统文化具有强大的生命力,正在进入一个充满光明前景的新时代。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为culture,指物,空处应用关系代词which引导从句,作主语。故填which。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题02 冠词和代词
目录
01考情透视·目标导航 2
02知识导图·思维引航 3
03考点突破·考向探究 5
考点一 考查短语中的冠词 5
【真题研析】 5
【核心精讲】 6
【命题预测】 6
考点二 考查句型中的冠词 6
【真题研析】 6
【核心精讲】 7
【命题预测】 7
考点三 考查定冠词表特指 7
【真题研析】 7
【核心精讲】 8
【命题预测】 8
考点四 考查不定冠词表示泛指 9
【真题研析】 9
【核心精讲】 9
【命题预测】 10
考点五 考查抽象名词具体化中的冠词 10
【真题研析】 10
【核心精讲】 10
【命题预测】 11
考点六 考查代词的词形转换 12
【真题研析】 12
【核心精讲】 12
【命题预测】 13
考点七 考查代词的句法功能 14
【真题研析】 14
【核心精讲】 14
【命题预测】 14
考点八 考查代词it的用法 15
【真题研析】 15
【核心精讲】 15
【命题预测】 16
考点九 考查其他代词的用法 16
04重难点突破 名词和数词基本知识的综合运用 18
冠词和代词
考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析
考查短语中的冠词 熟练掌握常考含有冠词的短语 (2024·新高考I卷)61.for the first time (2023·新高考I卷)63.a touch of (2021·全国甲卷)48.all the way 从近三年高考试题来看,试题主要以语法填空的形式命题,题目中等偏易,以考查学生对有关冠词表示特指、泛指、名短语中的冠词及抽象名词具体化中的冠词,代词主要考查代词的句法功能、代词的各种形式、代词it的相关句型。冠词是常考点,代词是轮考点。 预计在2025年高考中,有可能以语法填空的形式考查冠词和代词,冠词的出现的几率较大。
考查句型中的冠词 熟练掌握常考含有冠词的固定句型 (2024年1月浙江卷)64.one...the other (2022·新高考I卷)57.three times the size of ...
考查定冠词表特指 掌握定冠词的基本用法 (2023·新高考II卷)59.the (2023年1月浙江卷)65.the (2022·新高考II卷)57.The (2022年1月浙江高考卷)59.the
考查不定冠词表示泛指 掌握不定冠词的基本用法 (2022·全国甲卷)64.A (2020年1月浙江卷)63.a
考查抽象名词具体化中的冠词 注意特殊不定冠词的用法 (2021新课标I) 65.a
考查代词的词形转换 掌握代词的各种变化形式 (2024·全国甲卷)46.its (2024年1月浙江高考真题)65.ones (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷)their (2021年新高考I卷) mine
考查代词的句法功能 根据代词在句中作的成分判断代词的格 (2022·全国甲卷改编)her--she (2022·全国乙卷改编)they--them
考点一 考查短语中的冠词
1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61 first time.
2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with 63 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
3.(2021·全国甲卷) It took us about 3 hours to go all ___48___ way around the Xi'an City Wall.
一些易错固定搭配中的不定冠词:如:a waste of浪费……;a touch of “一点儿;少许”;be at a loss不知所措 eat at a mouthful 一口吃下one(two, three....)at a time一次一个(两个,三个......)
一些固定搭配中的定冠词:in the air在传播中,on the whole大体上,by the way顺便提一下,to tell the truth老实说。
1.高频短语中的不定冠词
【高频再现】
不定冠词用在固定搭配中,如catch a cold、have a fever、all of a sudden、as a matter of fact、as a result、have a gift for、make a living、have/take a rest、give sb a lift、have a good knowledge of、a handful of 等。
2.高频短语中的定冠词
【高频再现】
①定冠词用在固定搭配中,如at the same time、on the contrary、to tell the truth、in the distance、make the most/best of、in the middle of、on the spot等。
②动词(catch/take/hit等)+sb+介词+the+身体部位。
1.(2025·安徽省芜湖市第一中学教学质量诊断)A Taiping Drum is usually made up of a shell, a cloth skin, and a handle with handful of decorative rings, and this single-sided drum is usually played with a wooden mallet (木槌).
2.(2025·内蒙古多校高三上学期第一次联考)Through strict genetic studies conducted on pandas both in
wild and in captivity, researchers found that pandas with brown-and-white coats are the result of natural variation, rather than a sign of inbreeding (近亲繁殖) in a decreasing population.
考点二 考查句型中的冠词
1.(2024年1月浙江高考真题)Then, when you use one section, 64 other stays fresh.
2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). Covering an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
常考的固定句型中的冠词
①主语+be+the size/length/width/height+of+被比较的对象
Our building is twice the height of yours. 我们的大楼是你们的大楼的两倍高。
②主语+be+the+形容词比较级+of/between...
He is the taller of the two. 他是两人之中较高的那个。
③ 主语+be+the+形容词或副词最高级
Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。
④ one of+the+形容词或副词最高级
The Yellow River is one of the longest rivers in China. 黄河是中国最长的河之一。
⑤one... the other ...一个,另一个
1.(2025·河北省部分学校联考)The new road built in this month is more than three times ______ width of the old one that was built in 2011.
2.(2025·安徽省皖豫名校联盟联考)The city built a giant storage basin capable of holding 46, 000 cubic metres of waste water. The basin is 30 metres deep and size of a dozen Olympic swimming pools.
考点三 考查定冠词表特指
1.(2023年新高考II卷) Not the pandas, even though 59 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.
2.(2023年1月浙江高考卷) In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect _____65_____ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
3.(2022年新高考II卷) ___57___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.
4.(2022年1月浙江高考卷)The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to ___59___ blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains.
1.根据语境判断定冠词表示特指(特指具体说就是指具体存在的东西,我们看得见的东西);
2. 分析句子结构,发现空后有名词,搭配后表示特指时,应考虑用定冠词the。
定冠词表特指的用法:
①用于特指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。
When I passed the station this morning, I saw an accident.今天早晨经过车站时,我看到了一起交通事故。
②用于复述上文已经提到的人或事物。
I applied for a university in the USA. The university enjoys a good reputation.我申请了一所美国大学,这所大学享有很好的声誉。
③用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或发明创造的名词前。
The sun is much larger than the earth.太阳比地球大的多。
④用于表示演奏的西洋乐器的名词前。
He started to play the piano at five.他五岁开始学习弹钢琴。
【高频再现】
①用于姓氏的复数前表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。
The Smiths are watching TV now.史密斯一家正在看电视。
②用于形容词前表示一类人。
the rich, the poor, the old, the Chinese, the wounded, the injured, the disabled。
③用于序数词或形容词的最高级前面。
The first thing you should do is to think it over and over again.你首先要做的事情是再三考虑一下。
表示中国民族乐器的名词前通常不加冠词,如pipa(琵琶)、flute(长笛)、erhu(二胡)等。
1.(2025·广东省汕尾市四校联考高三月考)Despite ________shared goal of saving money, frugal living is actually leading a kind of low-cost life.
2.(2025·江苏省海门中学高三第一次调研)Tang lived and worked in Jiangxi Province during Ming Dynasty at around the same time that William Shakespeare, the great wordsmith and playwright, was active half a world away in England during the Tudor era. They were contemporaries whose works remain popular and are still performed today.
考点四 考查不定冠词表示泛指
1.(2022年全国甲卷) 64 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
2.(2020年1月浙江卷)A child born in the US today has ____63_____very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
1.根据语境判断不定冠词表示泛指:(常考点)
(1)不定冠词与单数名词连用,泛指一类事物或一类事物中的一个。
(2)用于某人或某物的名字前,指与其具有相同特性的人或物。
(3)在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。
2. 不定冠词a/an分析句子结构,发现空后有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑用不定冠词a/an。
不定冠词表泛指的用法
①不定冠词与单数名词连用,泛指一类事物或一类事物中的一个。
②用于表示价格、速度、比率、时间、重量、长度等的单位名词前,表示“每一”,相当于every,each或per。
③表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前有形容词修饰时,加a或an。
①序数词前加a或an表示“又一”,“再一”。
②用于某人或某物的名字前,指与其具有相同特性的人或物。
1.(2025·重庆巴蜀中学高考适应性月考卷(二))There’s also a new shade tree for climbing. Visitors to the zoo can make reservations for 80- minute early morning walking tour to see pandas, which is not included in the price of admission.
2.(2025·广西名校联盟高三适应性检测)The drop site is at the top of a watchtower along the Badaling section of the Great Wall, ______ area previously untouched by commercial activities as it is protected by planning regulations.
3.(2025·广东省深圳市罗湖区高三第一次摸底)OpenAI claimed in news release that Sora will become an important milestone in achieving Artificial General Intelligence.
考点五 考查抽象名词具体化中的冠词
(2021新课标I) While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 65 must to visit!
①所有学生都知道must是情态动词,意为:必须。但有些学生不知道其用作名词时,意为:一件必须要做的事。
②此处考查抽象名词具体化。
抽象名词具体化用法中的冠词
①抽象名词具体化,使之具有了“一”的概念。
The house is full of joy.
The little girl is a joy to her parents. (令人高兴的人或物)
Failure is the mother of success.
He is a success. (一个成功的人或物)
He gave me a lot of pleasure.
It is a pleasure to work with you. (一件令人愉快的事情)
She looked up in surprise.
What a great surprise you gave me. (一件令人惊讶的事情)
Knowledge is power.
He has a wide knowledge of animals. (一门…的知识)
He received little education/ a good education. (一种…的教育)
②某些物质名词也可以和不定冠词连用,而变成具体化的名词。例如
I like coffee.
Would you like a coffee (一杯咖啡)
I has just had lunch.
I has just had a big lunch. (一顿丰盛的午餐)
1.(2025·广东省清远市高三一模)Additionally, performers from the Gansu Performing Arts Group charmed (吸引) the audience with traditional Dunhuang music and dance, offering unforgettable audio-visual experience.
①experience作经验解时,是不可数名词,不能和冠词连用。
②此处experience意为:经历,是可数名词,其前可以不定冠词,表示:一次经历。
2.(2025·山东省部分学校高三月考)However, the railway quickly proved to be great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day.
①success作成功解时,是不可数名词,不能和冠词连用。
②此处success具体化,意为:一个成功的人或事,是可数名词,其前可以不定冠词,表示:一个成功的人或一件成功的事。
考点六 考查代词的词形转换
1.(2024·全国甲卷)They wondered out loud. This area, with 46 (it)unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
2.(2024年1月浙江高考真题)Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 65 (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
3.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of (they) contents.
4. (2021年新高考I卷) As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in (I).
名词性物主代词是较难的考点,使用名词性物主代词时,前面一定要有被指代的名词,只有这样才能使用名词性物主代词。
5. (2021年浙江卷)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of __________ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
反身代词是容易被忽视的考点,使用反身代词时,要和前面的主语人称一致。
常考代词的形式
①人称代词
人称代词主格 I we you (你) you (你们) he she it they
人称代词宾格 me us you you him her it them
②物主代词
形容词性物主代词 my our your (你的) your (你们的) his her its their
名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs
③反身代词
单数 myself yourself himself, herself, itself oneself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
④与反身代词相对的短语
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 come to oneself 苏醒 by oneself 独自地
teach oneself 自学 devote oneself to 致力于…… of oneself 自动地
behave oneself 举止得体 help oneself to 自己取用…… for oneself 为自己
seat oneself 坐下 make oneself at home 不拘束 be oneself 身心自在
1.(2025·广东省清远市高三一模)These efforts allowed the audience to bury (they) in the historical and cultural essence of the Dunhuang Grottoes.
2.(2025·辽宁省普通高中高三期中)It has become a cultural landmark of the Yellow River Basin where visitors can view the river passing through the city and watch exhibitions showing (it) long history and diverse cultures.
3.(2025·辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟高三月考)The trash takeaway service requires residents to sort __________ (they) own garbage before it is picked up by workers from Eleme, who will definitely dispose of the waste in the correct garbage bins.
考点七 考查代词的句法功能
1.(2022·全国甲卷改编)Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, ________ (her) toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.
2.(2022·全国乙卷改编)They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like ________ (they), had little privacy.
3.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)________ (she) notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age.
代词句法功能:
当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时,一般填代词;确定填代词之后,再看一下所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。
①作主语:人称代词主格(I、we、you等)。
②作宾语/表语:人称代词宾格(me、us、you等)、名词性物主代词(mine、ours、yours等)。
③作定语:形容词性物主代词(my、our、your等)。
④如果宾语与主语是指同一人或物,用反身代词(myself、yourself、itself等)。
⑤填it的情况:作形式主语或形式宾语;指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
⑥that、those、one作替代词,用来代替已提到的名词,以避免重复。
1.(2025·江苏省海安高级中学高三月考)The cake was then seen as a symbol of the earth’s fertility and the people’s resilience, qualities that Yu (he) represented.
2.(2025·湖北省腾云联盟高三联考)The China-Laos Railway has opened “a new phase of development” for Laos to transform (it)from a landlocked country to a land-linked one.
考点八 考查代词it的用法
1.(2022·北京卷改编)________it is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.
2.(2018年浙江卷)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _________ can be to eat out.
与it相关的句型
it用于某些句型
It's (about/high) time+that-从句
某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时,有时也用“should+动词原形”)
It's the first/second... time+that sb. has/have done 这是某人第几次做某事
It's+时间段+since-从句
自从……有多长时间了
It's+时间段+before-从句
过了多长时间才……
it作形式主语(宾语)的用法
it常作形式主语(宾语),替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
(1)it作形式主语的句型
①It+be+adj. +(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。
②It+be+adj.+of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。
③It+be+n.(+for sb./sth.)+to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。
④It+be+adj./n.+doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。
⑤It+be+n./adj.+主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strange+that从句”中,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。
(2)it作形式宾语的情况
①主语+believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make+it+adj./n.+不定式/动名词/从句。
②某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。
1.(2025·吉林省东北师范大学附属中学高三第一次摸底)Young people today may find difficult to be accustomed to life without the Internet.
2.(2025·江苏省期中)The importance of music and the effect has on children’s intelligence development has been widely acknowledged.
3.(2025·新疆阿克苏市实验中学月考)As there have been so many different styles of Western art, is impossible to describe them all in a short text.
通过句式结构和“指代”内容判断是否用it
(1)如果指代上文提到的同一个事物,则用it;
(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况,则用it;
(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语,则用it;
(4)某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句,此时需先用it作形式宾语,然后接从句,有此用法的动词(短语)有like、dislike、hate、appreciate、depend on、rely on、count on、see to等。
考点九 考查其他代词的用法
1.(2025·重庆市巴蜀中学校高三月考)So far, three shadow theatres have managed to rise from their ashes, ensuring the transmission of the skills, including relating to puppet making.
2.(2025·黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学期中)Helping others is a habit, that you can learn at an early age.
通过分析指代意义确定替代词
(1)若指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词则用that,若指代复数形式用those;
(2)若指代前面出现过的某类事物中的“一个”则用one,若指代复数形式用ones。
1.指示代词用法
典型用法 典型示例
it代指上文提到的同一人、同一物 --Where's your car --It's in the garage.--你的汽车在哪儿?--在车库里。 Start a new file and put this letter in it. 建立一个新档案,把这封信放进去。
that指代上文提到的不可数名词或单数名词 The population of China is larger than that one. 中国人口比日本多。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Hainan.北京的天气比海南冷。
those特指上文提到的复数名词 The houses in Zhengzhou are cheaper than those in Beijing. 郑州的房屋比北京房屋便宜。
one泛指上文提到的可数名词,前有定语 I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了,这是一个新的。 I'd like an apple. Are you having one, too 我想买吃苹果,你也要吗?
ones代替泛指的复数名词 Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
the one特指上文提到的单数名词 This school is the one we visited last week. 这是我上周参观的那个学校。 Our house is the one next to the school. 我家的房子就是学校旁边的那座。
the ones特指上文提到的复数名词 Don’t buy the expensive apples; buy the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果,买那便宜的。
2.不定代词用法
典型用法 典型示例
each指两者或两者以上中每个 They each have their own email address. 他们每个人都有自己的电子邮件地址。
both表示“两者都” Both his mother and his father will be there. 他父母二人都要去那里。
all指“(三者或三者以上)全部” All five men are hard workers. 五个人全都工作努力。
either表示“(两者中的)任何一个” You can park on either side of the street. 这条街两边都可停车。
neither表示“两者都不” Neither of my parents speaks a foreign language. 我的父母都不会说外语。
none表示“(三者或三者以上)全无,没有一点” We have three sons but none of them live nearby. 我们有三个儿子,但他们都不住在附近。
nothing表示“没有任何东西” The doctor said there was nothing wrong with me. 医生说我什么毛病也没有。
another泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一,又一” Heavy rains continued another three days. 大雨持续了三天。 Would you like another drink 还想喝一杯吗?
other泛指“其余的”,只作定语 Are there any other questions 还有其他问题没有?
others“另一些” Don't expect others to read your mind. 不要期望别人能看出你的心思。
the other特指两者之中的另一个 He raised one arm and then the other. 他先举起一只手,然后举起另一只。
the others“剩余的一些” I walked back while the others rode in the car. 别人都乘车,而我是走回来的。
1.They produced two reports, ______ of which contained any useful suggestions.
2.Both sides have accused _________ of breaking the contract.
3. I know that_________ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.
4.It is very necessary that children should be taught how to get along with _________(other).
理清范围,看清句式,确定不定代词
(1)两者:二者选其一用either; 二者都不选用neither; 二者都选用both;
(2)三者或三者以上:三者或三者以上的任何一个用any; 三者或三者以上都不选用none; 三者或三者以上都选用all;
(3)其他:若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用another;若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用the other;若表示“其余的,另外的”,在名词前用other; 若不跟名词且指代复数, 用others。
重难点突破 冠词和代词基本知识的综合运用
冠词综合运用指导:
1.注意泛指还是特指
①如果空格后的名词或“形容词+名词”前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词、名词所有格或指示代词等限定词时很可能填冠词。
②如果空格及后面的名词在文中第一次出现,可翻译成“一个(本、种等)”,一般填a/an;如果是前文已经提到过,可翻译成“这/那个,这/那些”,一般填the。
③如果名词后有of短语、不定式、分词或从句等作定语时很可能填the。
2.注意固定搭配
例如:in charge of...负责……,in the charge of...由……负责;in front of在……前面(外部),in the front of在……前面(内部);in possession of...拥有……,in the possession of...为……所有;out of question毫无疑问,out of the question不可能;by sea乘船,by the sea在海边;at table在吃饭,at the table在桌旁。
代词综合运用指导:
1.通过句子成分确定所填代词的形式
如果作主语,则用人称代词的主格;如果作宾语或表语,则用人称代词的宾格;如果作定语,则用形容词性物主代词;如果作宾语、表语或同位语且又和句子的主语为同一人或物,则用反身代词。
2.通过句式结构和“指代”,判断是否用it
如果指代上文提到的同一个事物,则用it;如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况则用it;如果作形式主语或形式宾语,则用it;注意一些固定用法:dislike/hate/appreciate/depend on/see to...+it+从句。
(2025·安徽省五校高三期中联考)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(标黄题号为本专题考点)
Peng Jingxuan plueks the strings of a guzheng, a zither-like instrument in the streets. 1 makes this street performance unusual is that it is held under the Eiffel Tower in Paris. In another French city, Strasbourg, Zhao Yang plays the pipa, a Chinese lute with four strings. They post videos of their street performances in France and receive praise from the viewers 2 response. They also share the videos on YouTube, 3 (attract) many foreign viewers from all over the world.
Since she started performing in the streets in 2018, she 4 (feel) an increase of foreigners’ interest in Chinese culture. In order to spread Chinese culture, Zhao has studied the costumes and hairstyles of different dynasties to show the 5 (diverse) of Chinese culture. In addition, she wears sunglasses to create 6 unique look. “Many people think traditional Chinese culture is 7 (mystery) and quiet, but I want to show them that it has infinite possibilities and power,” she explained. With 8 (they) increasing popularity, the two women are continuing to come up with innovative ways to provide more special visual and auditory enjoyment to their audiences. Peng said, “I want Westerners to accept more diverse traditional Chinese instruments and to 9 (well) understand Chinese culture.” Zhao is adapting the works of some famous Chinese rock bands to combine modern Chinese rock music with the classical instrument. “Traditional Chinese culture has great vitality, 10 is entering a new era of bright prospects.”
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