专题04 阅读理解之猜测词义题
目录
01考情透视·目标导航 2
02知识导图·思维引航 3
03考点突破·考向探究 4
考点一 考查猜测单词题 4
【真题研析】 4
【核心精讲】 5
【命题预测】 5
考点二 考查猜测短语的含义题 6
【真题研析】 6
【核心精讲】 8
【命题预测】 8
考点三 考查猜测句子的含义题 9
【真题研析】 9
【核心精讲】 10
【命题预测】 10
考点四 考查猜测代词的含义题 11
【真题研析】 11
【核心精讲】 12
阅读理解之猜测词义
考点 目标要求 年份 卷别 考题统计 考情分析
猜测词义 根据文章中的线索推测未知词义的能力 2024 新高考I卷 28 分析近三年新高考卷及全国卷考查词义猜词的题目可知，对短语的考查与对生词的考查都有所涉及，短语已经不再限制于由课标词组成的短语了，出现了非课标词。无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读篇章中需要理解的生词，都可运用逻辑关系、上下文、生活常识、文化背景、构词法等来猜测其含义。猜测词义题：要求考生能够对文章中的某个生词、熟词(熟词生义)、短语或句子进行理解并选出准确的意思，或者确定原文中某个代词的指代含义。 命题分析：上下文中涉及的派生词、合成词难度加大突出对考生灵活运用语言的能力的考查；这对考生的语言运用能力提出了更高的要求。 考查形式：常见题目类型包括代词指代题、单词或短语猜测题、句意猜测题。
新高考II卷 32
全国甲卷 26
浙江卷1月 24
2023 新高考I卷 29
新高考II卷 30
全国甲卷 24
全国乙卷 34
浙江卷1月 24、29
2022 新高考I卷 30
新高考II卷 24、30
全国甲卷 28
全国乙卷 29
考点一 考查猜测单词题
考查猜测单词意思
1.（2025 浙江新高考卷·阅读理解C篇节选）
A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.
28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean
A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from.
C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of.
2.（2023 新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C篇节选）
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
( )29.What does the underlined word“declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
3.(2023年1月 浙江卷·阅读理解C篇节选)
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences.
现在高考阅读理解题中的猜测词义题考查派生和合成词形式的较少，主要是需要利用上下文的已知部分进行推理；有的还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义；还有的可以根据定义、解释和举例猜测词义。
如何猜测单词的意思
（1）常见的设问方式：
①What do the underlined words “......” mean in paragraph 7
②What does “......” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
③ The word "......" in paragraph 2 means _________
④What do the underlined words “......” probably mean
（2）解题技巧：
①“上下文语境”猜词义：根据上下文语境暗示，如下定义、举例、重述等线索，猜测生词含义。
②“背景常识”猜词义：利用日常生活和文化背景相关的常识可以准确猜测句中生词的含义。
③“逻辑关系”猜词义：利用3种逻辑关系词前后的词语确定画线词含义。
1.（2025·贵州省毕节市高三一模）Turning used cooking oil into pleasant smelling soap might sound like magic. But that’s what Janetti Francischi has been doing since 2020. Dispensing the soap in her community, Francischi has not only made residents in her neighbourhood use the valuable products but also contributed to the environment by repurposing a common waste item.
What does the word “dispensing” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Giving out. B．Taking in. C．Putting away. D．Using up.
2.（2025·河北省沧州市名校联考高三期末）
Trying to solve littering by asking the public to stop is not working. Tethered bottle caps are a refreshing idea that puts the onus on those pumping out millions of litter-able items in the first place. This means that the duty to reduce litter falls on the companies that produce these items, rather than just on individuals to clean up after them.
What does the underlined word “onus” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Stress. B．Responsibility. C．Punishment. D．Initiative.
3.（2025·广东省佛山市三校高三第一次模拟）
According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100, many of today’s familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today’s world. It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far-reaching consequences for the sake of the whole world. The planet earth itself has been showing signs of change, which concerns the scientific community deeply. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.
What does the underlined word “devastated” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．shocked. B．destroyed. C．frightened. D．impacted.
考点二 考查猜测短语的含义题
1.（2024新课标I卷第28题）
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text.
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
2.（2024新课标II卷第32题）
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. If read by someone poorly educated.
B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent.
D. If translated by someone unacademic.
3.（2023 新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C）
In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
( )30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Understand.
B. Paint.
C. Seize.
D. Transform.
4.（2023年1月 浙江卷·阅读理解B）
Live with roommates Have friends and family around you Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
24．What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph
A．Share an apartment with you. B．Join you in what you’re doing.
C．Transform your way of living. D．Help you to make the decision.
猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。
如何猜测短语的含义
（1）常见的设问方式：
①What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 2
②Which of the following best explains “......” underlined in paragraph 2
③What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 3
④What do the underlined phrase "......" refer to in the last paragraph
（2）解题技巧：
猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。
1.（2025·山西省吕梁市高三期末）节选
Researchers from the University of Essex and Anglia Ruskin University in the UK enlisted the help of38 volunteers aged between 23 and 40 divided between a control group and an exercise group, who did three 20 to 30 - minute runs per week over the course of a couple of months. As expected, those who undertook the running routine lost weight. Yet the amount of loss varied significantly in ways that couldn’t be attributed to differences in training alone. Through DNA testing, the researchers looked for gene variants (变体) that were more common in those that shed a greater amount of weight.
What does the underlined phrase “attributed to” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Amounted to. B．Added to. C．Explained by. D．Indicated by.
2.（2025·山西省吕梁市高三期末）节选
But not long ago, a new milestone appeared in the long battle with desertification. On Nov. 28th, the last desert rose was planted into the sandy soil, completing the final stretch of the 3,046-km-long sand-blocking green belt surrounding the Taklimakan Desert. Therefore, China’ s largest and the world’s second-largest shifting sand desert now wears a “green scarf.”
What does the underlined phrase “a new milestone” refer to in Paragraph 2
A．The last desert rose. B．The sand-blocking green belt.
C．The economic barrier. D．The shifting sand desert.
3.（2025·山东省部分学校高三毕业班质量检测）节选
“We receive a lot of emails, but this particular one really struck a chord with us, making us really think of how we can have a commitment to empower all children,” said Gray Richmond, Managing Director at Maped Helix. “This product will make a huge difference to the lives of children with vision conditions, allowing them to have independence in the classroom and giving them access to the same opportunities as their sighted classmates,” said Nicola Cornwell, Head of Business Services at RNIB．
27．What do the underlined words “struck a chord with” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Touched. B．Satisfied. C．Comforted. D．Entertained.
考点三 考查猜测句子的含义题
考查猜测句子的含义
（2019 浙江卷·阅读理解C篇）
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段)shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean
A. Money spent without hesitation.
B. Money not legally made.
C. Money offered without conditions.
D. Money not tied together.
句意理解题通常需要考生理解的是一个具有概括性的句子或是考查考生对谚语、格言警句等的理解，要求考生通过上下文的情景暗示及文章的主题思想来判断句意，只有紧密结合语境，才能既理解相应的字面意思，也理解相应的深层含义。
如何猜测句子的意思
（1）常见的设问方式：
①The underlined part "......" in Para. 2 probably means __________.
②By saying “......” in Para. 2, the author means _______.
③What do the words “......” in paragraph 1 probably mean
④What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean
（2）解题技巧
句意理解题通常需要考生理解的是一个具有概括性的句子或是考查考生对谚语、格言警句等的理解，要求考生通过上下文的情景暗示及文章的主题思想来判断句意，只有紧密结合语境，才能既理解相应的字面意思，也理解相应的深层含义。
1.（2025·山东省潍坊市高三期末）
She took a master’s and then a doctor’s degree in medieval (中世纪的) Irish poetry, but then she pivoted completely. “After spending years in academia, I missed animals and that connection that I had with them since childhood. I suppose I had confidence to just follow my heart, not to be afraid to take risks and try new things.” she said. She is based now in the Wicklow wilds of the Glenmalure Valley.
What do the underlined words “she pivoted completely” in paragraph 4 mean
A．She stayed in academia. B．She kept loving animals.
C．She changed her career path. D．She turned to ancient poetry.
2.（2025·河北省廊坊市高三期末）
That’s partly because of irregular reproduction (繁殖) schedules. As part of a species’ survival strategy, the abundance of the seeds varies by year. Seeds are energy-intensive for trees to produce, and after several low-seed years there may be a sudden oversupply. As a result, a good seed crop happens only once every three to seven years, depending on the plant species. So 2020 was a good Douglas fir (黄杉) year; noble fir (冷杉) was big in 2016. Therefore, timing is everything. It’s often difficult to find the right seed for a specific landscape — whether it’s the type, quantity, or quality. And it’s even harder when there’s a need to move quickly, such as after a natural disaster.
What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean
A．Starting earlier to get more seeds. B．Quick collection at the right time.
C．Collecting some seeds every year. D．Taking action as quickly as possible.
考点四 考查猜测代词的含义题
（2020 新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C 节选）
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that．Hence this book, Chasing the Sea：Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
9．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Developing a serious mental disease.
B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
在文章中，为了避免语意的重复和啰嗦，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。在文章的具体语境中常出现的代词有it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代前面内容提到的人或事。
如何猜测代词的意思
代词指代题——“就近原则”猜代词
在文章中，为了避免语意的重复和啰嗦，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。在文章的具体语境中常出现的代词有it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代前面内容提到的人或事。
（1） 猜测代词意思的设问方式
①What does “this” refer to in the second paragraph
②What does the underlined “those” in paragraph 3 refer to
③What does “That” underlined in paragraph 5 probably mean
（2）解题方法：
1.（2025·安徽省阜阳市高三期末）
I did not say that this particular bear was killed by climate change. But news organizations around the world focused on it. The first line of the story published in National Geographic read, “This is what climate change looks like” — with “climate change” highlighted in yellow. Other news agencies even adopted more dramatic headlines.
What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The story. B．The photo. C．The starving bear. D．Climate change.
2.（2025·广东省建文教育集团高三第一次模拟）
With the burgeoning popularity of the photo-sharing platform Instagram, it is not uncommon for parents to cultivate a misplaced sense of security. Unlike Facebook or Twitter, which encompass a more extensive array of content, Instagram is predominantly dedicated to the posting of images. Coupled with the age requirement of 13 and its privacy settings, it appears to be an almost innocuous site for children. How much mischief could they conceivably cause However, this is not the actuality.
What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to？
A．Instagram accounts. B．Social media.
C．Pictures. D．Children.
3.（2025·广东省建文教育集团高三第一次模拟）
CellOT is a groundbreaking approach that identifies the distinct reactions individual cells within a larger population can have to a drug. The average response of a cell population often does not capture the full complexity of how certain tumor cells survive or develop resistance to drugs. CellOT addresses this by predicting the effects of perturbations (扰动) on cells, paving the way for more effective and personalized cancer treatments.
The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A．the resistance from a group of cancer cells to drugs
B．the average reaction of a cell population to drugs
C．various responses of a cell population to drugs
D．the survival of a population of cancer cells to drugs
4.（2025·福建省莆田市高三期末）
In addition to its unpredictable nature, Chinese chess also encompasses many principles of warfare and philosophical thoughts. For example, “to catch the bandits, first catch the king,” “a proud army is bound to fail,” and “fighting with one’s back to the river.” These can have a positive impact on our studies and lives. Zhu Baojin, president of the Chinese Chess Association, says, “Playing chess is like waging war; victory is achieved through wit and courage. Chinese chess is like an art form with aesthetic appeal.”
What does “These” underlined in the third paragraph refer to
A．Chinese Chess B．Philosophy C．Artwork D．Learning and Living
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题04 阅读理解之猜测词义题
目录
01考情透视·目标导航 2
02知识导图·思维引航 3
03考点突破·考向探究 4
考点一 考查猜测单词题 4
【真题研析】 4
【核心精讲】 6
【命题预测】 6
考点二 考查猜测短语的含义题 7
【真题研析】 7
【核心精讲】 10
【命题预测】 10
考点三 考查猜测句子的含义题 12
【真题研析】 12
【核心精讲】 13
【命题预测】 14
考点四 重难点突破 细节理解题的解题关键 15
【真题研析】 15
【核心精讲】 16
阅读理解之猜测词义
考点 目标要求 年份 卷别 考题统计 考情分析
猜测词义 根据文章中的线索推测未知词义的能力 2024 新高考I卷 28 分析近三年新高考卷及全国卷考查词义猜词的题目可知，对短语的考查与对生词的考查都有所涉及，短语已经不再限制于由课标词组成的短语了，出现了非课标词。无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读篇章中需要理解的生词，都可运用逻辑关系、上下文、生活常识、文化背景、构词法等来猜测其含义。猜测词义题：要求考生能够对文章中的某个生词、熟词(熟词生义)、短语或句子进行理解并选出准确的意思，或者确定原文中某个代词的指代含义。 命题分析：上下文中涉及的派生词、合成词难度加大突出对考生灵活运用语言的能力的考查；这对考生的语言运用能力提出了更高的要求。 考查形式：常见题目类型包括代词指代题、单词或短语猜测题、句意猜测题。
新高考II卷 32
全国甲卷 26
浙江卷1月 24
2023 新高考I卷 29
新高考II卷 30
全国甲卷 24
全国乙卷 34
浙江卷1月 24、29
2022 新高考I卷 30
新高考II卷 24、30
全国甲卷 28
全国乙卷 29
考点一 考查猜测单词题
考查猜测单词意思
1.（2025 浙江新高考卷·阅读理解C篇节选）
A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.
28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean
A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from.
C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of.
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下文“ Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.它避开了化肥和电动工具，它基于一个优雅而简单的原则：更像自然一样种植花园。”可知,这种方法是像自然一样种植花园。也就是说，用自然生长的模式种植花园。当然就不用化肥和电动工具。由此推知,画线词所在句意为“避开，远离”,因此画线词的含义为“远离”。故选B。
2.（2023 新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C篇节选）
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
( )29.What does the underlined word“declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.”可知,这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。由此推知,画线词所在句意为“第一部分通过介绍我建议的采用这一哲学的方法:数字清理进行了总结”,因此画线词的含义为“清理”。
3.(2023年1月 浙江卷·阅读理解C篇节选)
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences.
【答案】 29．C
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序。
29．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.(尽管Project Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will no doubt be ironed out(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。
现在高考阅读理解题中的猜测词义题考查派生和合成词形式的较少，主要是需要利用上下文的已知部分进行推理；有的还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义；还有的可以根据定义、解释和举例猜测词义。
如何猜测单词的意思
（1）常见的设问方式：
①What do the underlined words “......” mean in paragraph 7
②What does “......” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
③ The word "......" in paragraph 2 means _________
④What do the underlined words “......” probably mean
（2）解题技巧：
①“上下文语境”猜词义：根据上下文语境暗示，如下定义、举例、重述等线索，猜测生词含义。
②“背景常识”猜词义：利用日常生活和文化背景相关的常识可以准确猜测句中生词的含义。
③“逻辑关系”猜词义：利用3种逻辑关系词前后的词语确定画线词含义。
1.（2025·贵州省毕节市高三一模）Turning used cooking oil into pleasant smelling soap might sound like magic. But that’s what Janetti Francischi has been doing since 2020. Dispensing the soap in her community, Francischi has not only made residents in her neighbourhood use the valuable products but also contributed to the environment by repurposing a common waste item.
What does the word “dispensing” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Giving out. B．Taking in. C．Putting away. D．Using up.
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“…Francischi has not only made residents in her neighbourhood use the valuable products but also contributed to the environment by repurposing a common waste item.( Francischi不仅让她附近的居民使用这种有价值的产品，而且通过重新利用一种常见的废物，为环境做出了贡献)”可知，Francischi让社区居民使用这些有价值的产品，由此猜测她在社区分发自己做出来的产品。所以“dispensing”应该是分发、给予的意思，和A选项giving out“分发”意思相近。故选A项。
2.（2025·河北省沧州市名校联考高三期末）
Trying to solve littering by asking the public to stop is not working. Tethered bottle caps are a refreshing idea that puts the onus on those pumping out millions of litter-able items in the first place. This means that the duty to reduce litter falls on the companies that produce these items, rather than just on individuals to clean up after them.
What does the underlined word “onus” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Stress. B．Responsibility. C．Punishment. D．Initiative.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。划线词下文“This means that the duty to reduce litter falls on the companies that produce these items, rather than just on individuals to clean up after them.(这意味着减少垃圾的责任落在生产这些物品的公司身上，而不仅仅是个人负责清理它们)”是对划线词所在句中“puts the onus on those pumping out millions of litter-able items in the first place.(把onus放在那些一开始就制造出数百万可丢弃物品的人身上。)”的解释说明，即固定瓶盖的想法将减少垃圾的责任放在了那些首先生产出可能成为垃圾的物品的公司身上，由此推知划线词onus与下文中duty是近义词，意为“责任”，与Responsibility同义。故选B项。
3.（2025·广东省佛山市三校高三第一次模拟）
According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100, many of today’s familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today’s world. It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far-reaching consequences for the sake of the whole world. The planet earth itself has been showing signs of change, which concerns the scientific community deeply. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.
What does the underlined word “devastated” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．shocked. B．destroyed. C．frightened. D．impacted.
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段划线词前面的内容“ In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.(2004年，一场大地震引发的严重海啸在苏门答腊岛造成数千人死亡，2008年，中国又发生了一场强烈地震，造成数千人死亡)”推知，划线词所在部分是指海地在地震中受到了严重的破坏。故划线词意为“摧毁，破坏”。与选项B“destroyed(破坏)”为同义词。故选B。
考点二 考查猜测短语的含义题
1.（2024新课标I卷第28题）
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text.
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。
2.（2024新课标II卷第32题）
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A. If read by someone poorly educated.
B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent.
D. If translated by someone unacademic.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。
3.（2023 新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C）
In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
( )30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Understand.
B. Paint.
C. Seize.
D. Transform.
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线部分前文“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments…”可知,这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的,但它们记录了一些我们都能“relate to”的时刻。再根据第二段中的“We see scenes of children learning to …”可推知,这些场景我们都很熟悉,因此也能理解,故画线部分“relate to”意为“理解”。故选A项。
4.（2023年1月 浙江卷·阅读理解B）
Live with roommates Have friends and family around you Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
24．What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph
A．Share an apartment with you. B．Join you in what you’re doing.
C．Transform your way of living. D．Help you to make the decision.
【答案】24．B
【解析】猜测短语意思题。根据划线部分前文“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动。由此推知，划线词组jump on that bandwagon与Join you in what you’re doing.(加入你正在做的事情)意思接近。故选B。
猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。
如何猜测短语的含义
（1）常见的设问方式：
①What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 2
②Which of the following best explains “......” underlined in paragraph 2
③What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 3
④What do the underlined phrase "......" refer to in the last paragraph
（2）解题技巧：
猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。
1.（2025·山西省吕梁市高三期末）节选
Researchers from the University of Essex and Anglia Ruskin University in the UK enlisted the help of38 volunteers aged between 23 and 40 divided between a control group and an exercise group, who did three 20 to 30 - minute runs per week over the course of a couple of months. As expected, those who undertook the running routine lost weight. Yet the amount of loss varied significantly in ways that couldn’t be attributed to differences in training alone. Through DNA testing, the researchers looked for gene variants (变体) that were more common in those that shed a greater amount of weight.
What does the underlined phrase “attributed to” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Amounted to. B．Added to. C．Explained by. D．Indicated by.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段第一句中的“As expected, those who undertook the running routine lost weight. Yet the amount of loss varied significantly in ways that couldn't be attributed to differences in training alone.(正如所预期的，进行常规跑步的参与者减轻了体重。然而体重数量的减少差别很明显，这不能只……单纯训练方面的不同。)”可知，体重数量的减少不能仅仅归因于训练的差异。所以attributed to意为“归因于”。故选C。
2.（2025·山西省吕梁市高三期末）节选
But not long ago, a new milestone appeared in the long battle with desertification. On Nov. 28th, the last desert rose was planted into the sandy soil, completing the final stretch of the 3,046-km-long sand-blocking green belt surrounding the Taklimakan Desert. Therefore, China’ s largest and the world’s second-largest shifting sand desert now wears a “green scarf.”
What does the underlined phrase “a new milestone” refer to in Paragraph 2
A．The last desert rose. B．The sand-blocking green belt.
C．The economic barrier. D．The shifting sand desert.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线短语下文的句子“On Nov. 28th, the last desert rose was planted into the sandy soil, completing the final stretch of the 3,046-km-long sand-blocking green belt surrounding the Taklimakan Desert. Therefore, China’ s largest and the world’s second-largest shifting sand desert now wears a “green scarf.”(11月28日，最后一朵沙漠玫瑰栽进了沙土，完成了环绕塔克拉玛干沙漠3046公里的防沙绿化带的最后一段。因此，中国最大、世界第二大流沙沙漠现在戴上了“绿围巾”。)”可知，此处的里程碑指的是环绕塔克拉玛干沙漠3046公里的防沙绿化带的完成，由此可知，a new milestone指的是“防沙绿化带”。故选B项。
3.（2025·山东省部分学校高三毕业班质量检测）节选
“We receive a lot of emails, but this particular one really struck a chord with us, making us really think of how we can have a commitment to empower all children,” said Gray Richmond, Managing Director at Maped Helix. “This product will make a huge difference to the lives of children with vision conditions, allowing them to have independence in the classroom and giving them access to the same opportunities as their sighted classmates,” said Nicola Cornwell, Head of Business Services at RNIB．
27．What do the underlined words “struck a chord with” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Touched. B．Satisfied. C．Comforted. D．Entertained.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据最后一段“making us really think of how we can have a commitment to empower all children(使我们真正思考如何实现我们的承诺，以赋予所有孩子力量)”可知，此处是说：这封特别的邮件真的打动了我们， 使我们真正思考如何实现我们的承诺，以赋予所有孩子力量。所以推测出画线词意为“触动，打动”。故选A。
考点三 考查猜测句子的含义题
考查猜测句子的含义
（2019 浙江卷·阅读理解C篇）
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段)shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean
A. Money spent without hesitation.
B. Money not legally made.
C. Money offered without conditions.
D. Money not tied together.
【答案】C
【文章大意】文章介绍了Tyler Bridges 所发动的一个项目，让有善心的人捐助钱财，让需要的人自取钱财，而这个项目的宗旨就在于让人们能够互相帮助。
【解析】句意理解题。根据下文的故事并结合第一段板上写的言语“Give what you can. Take what you need”可知，这里的钱是可以随意拿取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C。
句意理解题通常需要考生理解的是一个具有概括性的句子或是考查考生对谚语、格言警句等的理解，要求考生通过上下文的情景暗示及文章的主题思想来判断句意，只有紧密结合语境，才能既理解相应的字面意思，也理解相应的深层含义。
如何猜测句子的意思
（1）常见的设问方式：
①The underlined part "......" in Para. 2 probably means __________.
②By saying “......” in Para. 2, the author means _______.
③What do the words “......” in paragraph 1 probably mean
④What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean
（2）解题技巧
句意理解题通常需要考生理解的是一个具有概括性的句子或是考查考生对谚语、格言警句等的理解，要求考生通过上下文的情景暗示及文章的主题思想来判断句意，只有紧密结合语境，才能既理解相应的字面意思，也理解相应的深层含义。
1.（2025·山东省潍坊市高三期末）
She took a master’s and then a doctor’s degree in medieval (中世纪的) Irish poetry, but then she pivoted completely. “After spending years in academia, I missed animals and that connection that I had with them since childhood. I suppose I had confidence to just follow my heart, not to be afraid to take risks and try new things.” she said. She is based now in the Wicklow wilds of the Glenmalure Valley.
What do the underlined words “she pivoted completely” in paragraph 4 mean
A．She stayed in academia. B．She kept loving animals.
C．She changed her career path. D．She turned to ancient poetry.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线部分后文““After spending years in academia, I missed animals and that connection that I had with them since childhood. I suppose I had confidence to just follow my heart, not to be afraid to take risks and try new things.” she said. She is based now in the Wicklow wilds of the Glenmalure Valley.(“在学术界呆了几年之后，我想念动物，想念我从小和它们之间的联系。我想我有信心跟随自己的心，不害怕冒险和尝试新事物。”她说。她现在住在格兰玛卢河谷的威克洛荒野)”可知，她本来是在学术界呆了几年，但是后来她完全离开了，推知“she pivoted completely”是指她的职业路径发生了改变。故选C。
2.（2025·河北省廊坊市高三期末）
That’s partly because of irregular reproduction (繁殖) schedules. As part of a species’ survival strategy, the abundance of the seeds varies by year. Seeds are energy-intensive for trees to produce, and after several low-seed years there may be a sudden oversupply. As a result, a good seed crop happens only once every three to seven years, depending on the plant species. So 2020 was a good Douglas fir (黄杉) year; noble fir (冷杉) was big in 2016. Therefore, timing is everything. It’s often difficult to find the right seed for a specific landscape — whether it’s the type, quantity, or quality. And it’s even harder when there’s a need to move quickly, such as after a natural disaster.
What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean
A．Starting earlier to get more seeds. B．Quick collection at the right time.
C．Collecting some seeds every year. D．Taking action as quickly as possible.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“As a result, a good seed crop happens only once every three to seven years, depending on the plant species. So 2020 was a good Douglas fir (黄杉) year; noble fir (冷杉) was big in 2016.(因此，根据植物种类的不同，好的种子作物每三到七年才出现一次。所以2020年是黄杉的好年份；2016年是冷杉的好年份)”和划线句“Therefore, timing is everything.(因此，时机就是一切)”可知，不同种类的植物种子丰收年份不同，所以采集种子要把握好时机，要在合适的时间快速收集。由此推知，划线句指的是“在合适的时间快速收集”。故选B项。
考点四 考查猜测代词的含义题
（2020 新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C 节选）
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that．Hence this book, Chasing the Sea：Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
9．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Developing a serious mental disease.
B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
【答案】D
【解析】考查猜测代词词义。代词that常用来指代上文提到的事情，因此推断此处that指代第一段的内容，再根据Hence this book, Chasing the Sea：Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia可知，这本书出现了，因此可以判断“that”指代第一段提到的to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea, Mr Bissell的本意是写一篇文章，结果却写成了一本书。故选D。
在文章中，为了避免语意的重复和啰嗦，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。在文章的具体语境中常出现的代词有it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代前面内容提到的人或事。
如何猜测代词的意思
代词指代题——“就近原则”猜代词
在文章中，为了避免语意的重复和啰嗦，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。在文章的具体语境中常出现的代词有it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代前面内容提到的人或事。
（1） 猜测代词意思的设问方式
①What does “this” refer to in the second paragraph
②What does the underlined “those” in paragraph 3 refer to
③What does “That” underlined in paragraph 5 probably mean
（2）解题方法：
1.（2025·安徽省阜阳市高三期末）
I did not say that this particular bear was killed by climate change. But news organizations around the world focused on it. The first line of the story published in National Geographic read, “This is what climate change looks like” — with “climate change” highlighted in yellow. Other news agencies even adopted more dramatic headlines.
What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The story. B．The photo. C．The starving bear. D．Climate change.
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据上文“I did not say that this particular bear was killed by climate change(我并没有说这只熊是被气候变化杀死的。)”和下文“The first line of the story published in National Geographic read, “This is what climate change looks like” — with “climate change” highlighted in yellow.(这篇发表在《国家地理》杂志上的文章的第一句话是：“这就是气候变化的样子”——其中“气候变化”用黄色突出显示。)”可知，这些新闻机构的关注点都是“气候变化”，由此可知，it指代上文提到的“climate change”。故选D。
2.（2025·广东省建文教育集团高三第一次模拟）
With the burgeoning popularity of the photo-sharing platform Instagram, it is not uncommon for parents to cultivate a misplaced sense of security. Unlike Facebook or Twitter, which encompass a more extensive array of content, Instagram is predominantly dedicated to the posting of images. Coupled with the age requirement of 13 and its privacy settings, it appears to be an almost innocuous site for children. How much mischief could they conceivably cause However, this is not the actuality.
What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to？
A．Instagram accounts. B．Social media.
C．Pictures. D．Children.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据上文的句子“Unlike Facebook or Twitter, which encompass a more extensive array of content, Instagram is predominantly dedicated to the posting of images. Coupled with the age requirement of 13 and its privacy settings, it appears to be an almost innocuous site for children.( Facebook和Twitter的内容范围更广，而Instagram主要致力于发布图片。再加上13岁的年龄要求和它的隐私设置，它似乎是一个对儿童几乎无害的网站。)”可知，Instagram似乎是一个对儿童几乎无害的网站。再结合划线单词所在的句子“How much mischief could they conceivably cause (他们能造成多大的伤害？)”可知，they指的是Instagram网站上的账户。故选A项。
3.（2025·广东省建文教育集团高三第一次模拟）
CellOT is a groundbreaking approach that identifies the distinct reactions individual cells within a larger population can have to a drug. The average response of a cell population often does not capture the full complexity of how certain tumor cells survive or develop resistance to drugs. CellOT addresses this by predicting the effects of perturbations (扰动) on cells, paving the way for more effective and personalized cancer treatments.
The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A．the resistance from a group of cancer cells to drugs
B．the average reaction of a cell population to drugs
C．various responses of a cell population to drugs
D．the survival of a population of cancer cells to drugs
【答案】C
【解析】猜测词义题。根据第三段“The average response of a cell population often does not capture the full complexity of how certain tumor cells survive or develop resistance to drugs.(细胞群体的平均反应往往无法捕捉某些肿瘤细胞如何存活或对药物产生抗性的全部复杂性)”可知，这里的“this”指的是细胞群体对药物的各种反应，而不仅仅是平均反应。C项“various responses of a cell population to drugs(细胞群体对药物的各种反应)”表达的含义符合语境，故选C项。
4.（2025·福建省莆田市高三期末）
In addition to its unpredictable nature, Chinese chess also encompasses many principles of warfare and philosophical thoughts. For example, “to catch the bandits, first catch the king,” “a proud army is bound to fail,” and “fighting with one’s back to the river.” These can have a positive impact on our studies and lives. Zhu Baojin, president of the Chinese Chess Association, says, “Playing chess is like waging war; victory is achieved through wit and courage. Chinese chess is like an art form with aesthetic appeal.”
What does “These” underlined in the third paragraph refer to
A．Chinese Chess B．Philosophy C．Artwork D．Learning and Living
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词前的“For example, “to catch the bandits, first catch the king,” “a proud army is bound to fail,” and “fighting with one’s back to the river.”(例如，擒贼先擒王，骄兵必败，背水一战)”可知，这些都是与中国象棋相关的战术和原则，由此可知，these指代的是中国象棋里的哲理。故选B项。
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