2025年高考英语二轮复习(新高考通用)专题05情态动词和虚拟语气(讲义)(学生版+解析)

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名称 2025年高考英语二轮复习(新高考通用)专题05情态动词和虚拟语气(讲义)(学生版+解析)
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专题05 情态动词和虚拟语气
目录
01考情透视·目标导航 2
02知识导图·思维引航 3
03考点突破·考向探究 4
考点一 考查情态动词的基本用法(情态动词后接动词原形) 4
【真题研析】 4
考点二 考查情态动词的基本含义及用法 4
【真题研析】 4
【核心精讲】 5
【命题预测】 9
考点三 考查情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法 9
【真题研析】 9
【核心精讲】 9
【命题预测】 10
04 重难点突破 情态动词和虚拟语气知识的综合运用 10
情态动词和虚拟语气
考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析
考查情态动词的基本用法(情态动词后接动词原形) 熟练掌握情态动词的基本用法 (2024年1月浙江高考卷) 61.be offered (2024·全国甲卷)45.be done (2023年全国甲卷) be employed 从近三年高考试题来看,情态动词和虚拟语气考点有可能在语法填空中考查,但更多的是在写作中考查。 预计在2025年高考中,情态动词和虚拟语气可能在语法填空中考查,可能在写作范文中使用。
考查情态动词的基本含义及用法 熟练掌握情态动词的基本含义和用法 (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) should (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)must (2022·全国甲卷)can
考查情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法 掌握情态动词在虚拟条件句中及名词性从句中的用法 (2020江苏卷)wouldn’t be (2019天津卷)would have accomplished (2018江苏卷)had (2018北京卷)had driven
考点一 考查情态动词的基本用法(情态动词后接动词原形)
1.(2024年1月浙江高考卷) However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 61 (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
2.(2024·全国甲卷)What should 45 (do)with such a beautiful place
3.(2023年全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still ______ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
情态动词后接动词原形这个考点虽然简单,但考题显现它还是有可能考的,解题关键是理解句意和时态语态知识的综合考查不可忽视。
考点二 考查情态动词的基本含义及用法
1. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Teachers and chaperones ________ model good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times.
2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Class activities will vary from day to day, but students ________ be ready to complete short in class writings.
3.(2022·全国甲卷)In humans, babies ________ put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes.
1.情态动词的基本用法。
(1)can/could的用法
①表示能力,could表示过去的能力。
②表示可能(理论上或是逻辑上)。
He can't/couldn't have enough money for a new car.他不可能有足够的钱买一辆新车。
③表示允许。
Can I have a look at your new pen 我能看看你的新钢笔吗?
④表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
He can't/couldn't be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁了。
How can you be so careless
你怎么能这么粗心呢?
⑤比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Can/Could you lend me a hand
你能帮我一下吗?
(2)may/might的用法
①表示允许。might可以指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉。回答以may引起的问句时,用Yes, please./Certainly./Please don't./You'd better not.等。
②表示可能。might可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气更加不肯定。
(3)must的用法
①表示义务,意为“必须”(主观意志)。
All visitors must report to reception.
所有来宾必须到接待处报到。
②用must提问,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't/don't have to。
③表示推测,暗含很大可能性,意为“想必,准是,一定”等,只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale.他一定是病了。他看起来很苍白。
④表示“偏偏,非要”。
Must you ask me such a question 你非得问我这样的问题吗?
⑤mustn't 意为“不要,千万别”,表示禁止。
Children mustn't play with fire.孩子们不能玩火。
(4)shall的用法
①表示征询意见,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
②表示说话人的意愿,有“命令,允诺,警告,决心”等意思,用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
You shall do as I say. (命令) 你要照我说的去做。
Everyone shall not pass without permission! (警告)没有允许,任何人休想通过!
(5)will的用法
①表示意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。
If you will read the book, I'll lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书,我就借给你。
②表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
These things will happen. 这些事情早晚要发生。
③表示临时作出的决定。
—Someone is knocking at the door.
—I will answer it.
——有人在敲门。
——我来开门。
(6)would的用法
表示委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。
①表示意愿。
She just wouldn't do what I asked her.
她就是不愿照我说的去做。
②表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
When he was young, he would sit in front of the door, waiting for his father to come back home.
小时候,他常常坐在门口等着爸爸回家。
(7)should/ought to的用法
①表示义务,意为“应该”(某件事适宜做),用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers.你应该对老师有礼貌。
Such things ought to be banned.这种事应该禁止。
②表示推测,意为“想必,一定,照说应该,估计”等。
They should be home by now.他们现在应该在家。
If he started out at nine, he ought to be here by now.他如果九点出发,现在应该到这里了。
③should还可以用在if引导的虚拟条件从句中。should置于句首时,省略if,相当于“万一”的意思。
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.
如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了。
Should you change your mind, please let us know.
万一你改变主意,请让我们知道。
④should还可用在以 why, who, how等开头的疑问句或某些感叹句中,带有感彩。意为“竟然,竟会”。
Why should you be so late today
你今天竟然来得这么晚?
⑤在It is+adj.+that从句中,从句的谓语动词常用should+动词原形,should可以省略。
It is vital that every student (should) respect their teachers.
每个学生都应该尊重他们的老师,这很重要。
(8)need的用法
need表示必要性,常用于疑问句和否定句中,needn't表示“不必”。need作实义动词时,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中,有人称、数和时态的变化;其后可接名词、代词、带to的不定式或动名词作宾语。
The classroom needs cleaning.
=The classroom needs to be cleaned.
教室需要打扫。
(9)dare的用法
dare意为“敢,敢于”,没有人称、数和时态的变化,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中,后接动词原形。作实义动词时,在肯定句中通常接带to的不定式,在疑问句和否定句中,dare之后的不定式可省略to。
We should not be producing compliant students who do not dare (to) criticize.
我们不应当把学生培养成不敢批评的唯唯诺诺的人。
(10)used to/had better/might as well的用法
①used to+动词原形表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不再发生或不存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.过去在街角有一幢大楼,但现在已经被拆掉了。
I used not/didn't use to like opera. 我过去不喜欢歌剧。
Used you/Did you use to go to school on foot 你过去常常步行去上学吗?
②had better意为“最好”,后面接动词原形,否定式为had better not do。【高频再现】
We had better take an umbrella in case it rains.
以防下雨,我们最好带把伞。
③might as well意为“倒不如……,还是做……好”。 【高频再现】
The heavy rain ruined our trip. We might as well have stayed at home.
大雨毁了我们的旅行。我们还不如待在家里。
2.情态动词后跟完成式的用法
分类 形式 用法
对过去的推测 must have done 对过去的动作的肯定推测,表示肯定做过某事
can't/couldn't have done 表示对过去情况的否定推测,用于否定句和疑问句,表示不可能做过某事
may/might have done 表示对过去情况的不太肯定的推测;用于肯定句、否定句,但不用于疑问句。表示“可能”。might have done 也用于虚拟语气句,表示未实现的动作
对过去情况的后悔、遗憾或责备等 needn't have done 过去没有必要做……但实际上做了
should/ought to have done 过去本应该做……而实际上并未做
would have done 本来会做……而未做
could have done 本来可以做……但是实际没有做
1.(2024 黑龙江省双鸭山一中月考) I can't believe such a gentleman ________ be so rude to the old.
2.Mrs Morrison ________ (make) a good salary in an office job instead of staying at home, but she decided not to work for the sake of her children.
3.She (participate) in the activity, for she was doing paperwork in the office then.
4.He must (pass) the exam, because he was so happy the whole day.
情态动词+have done的用法是个难点,二轮复习要有意识地进行强化,情态动词+完成时表示对过去发生事实的推测。
考点三 考查情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法
1.(2020江苏卷)If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I ______________(be) where I am.
2. (2019天津卷)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish) the task in half the time.
3.(2018江苏卷)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a second chance to become more involved.
4.(2018北京卷)They might have found a better hotel if they _________(drive) a few more kilometers.
虚拟语气的常用用法
(1)if虚拟条件句的用法
场合 从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语形式
与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be用were) would / could / should / might+ 动词原形
与过去事实相反 had +动词过去分词 would/ could / should / might have done
与将来事实相反 1.动词过去式(be用were) 2.were to + 动词原形 3.should + 动词原形 would / could / should / might + 动词原形
(2)从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”的情况
① (坚持insist命令order, command建议advise, suggest, recommend要求demand, desire, require, request)接从句谓语用should+动词原形,且should可以省略。但应注意insist表示“坚持说”,suggest表示“暗示,表明”时,后接宾语从句应用陈述语气。
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week.
②名词(order, command, advice, suggestion, requirement等)后接从句,该从句谓语动词用should+动词原形,且should可以省略。
We agreed to the order that the task (should) be completed at 5 o'clock.
③It is necessary/strange/ impossible..that..从句谓语用should+动词原形,且should可以省略。若从句涉及已经发生的动作,则应用should have done。
It is strange that he should have acted toward his parents like that.
(3)特殊句型中虚拟语气的用法
①I wish that…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反,分别用had done, did, would/could do。
I wish 从句结构 示例
与现在事实相反 一般过去式 I wish it were autumn now.
与过去事实相反 过去完成式 He wished he had not lost the chance.
与将来事实相反 would+动词原形 I wish you would come soon.
②if only表示“如果……该多好”,as if/though表示“好像”,从句虚拟用法同上。
③I would rather that…从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时,与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。
④It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do, should不能省,意为“早该……”。
1.(2024·海南省海口市高三能力诊断)I ________ (not worry) before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
2.(2024·辽宁省辽西联合校高三期中)I am sure I would have lost him if I ________ (continue) dancing.
3.It is high time that we ________ (join) hands to protect the only home we have.
4.(2018江苏卷)It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
04重难点突破 形容词和副词基本知识的综合运用
情态动词和虚拟语气考点的关键能力:
1.熟练掌握情态动词的基本用法:情态动词+动词原形。
2.根据具体的语境判断使用相应的情态动词。
3.注意情态动词的特殊用法。例如should“竟然”。
4.近年来情态动词与动词时态、语态联考是重点。
5.根据具体语境恰当使用虚拟语气表达自己的思想感情,尤其是在写作中。
1.---- Why are your eyes so red You have slept well last night.
---- Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
2.—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it’s too bad. You should (make) full preparations.
3.I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I shouldn’t (eat) so much fried chicken just now.
4.The spokesman did not regret what he had said at the conference but felt that he could (express) it indirectly.
5.—I honestly don’t think I’m going to be admitted.
—Well, you never know! You have made a better impression than you think.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题05 情态动词和虚拟语气
目录
01考情透视·目标导航 2
02知识导图·思维引航 3
03考点突破·考向探究 4
考点一 考查情态动词的基本用法(情态动词后接动词原形) 4
【真题研析】 4
考点二 考查情态动词的基本含义及用法 5
【真题研析】 5
【核心精讲】 5
【命题预测】 9
考点三 考查情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法 10
【真题研析】 10
【核心精讲】 11
【命题预测】 12
04 重难点突破 情态动词和虚拟语气知识的综合运用 13
情态动词和虚拟语气
考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析
考查情态动词的基本用法(情态动词后接动词原形) 熟练掌握情态动词的基本用法 (2024年1月浙江高考卷) 61.be offered (2024·全国甲卷)45.be done (2023年全国甲卷) be employed 从近三年高考试题来看,情态动词和虚拟语气考点有可能在语法填空中考查,但更多的是在写作中考查。 预计在2025年高考中,情态动词和虚拟语气可能在语法填空中考查,可能在写作范文中使用。
考查情态动词的基本含义及用法 熟练掌握情态动词的基本含义和用法 (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) should (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)must (2022·全国甲卷)can
考查情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法 掌握情态动词在虚拟条件句中及名词性从句中的用法 (2020江苏卷)wouldn’t be (2019天津卷)would have accomplished (2018江苏卷)had (2018北京卷)had driven
考点一 考查情态动词的基本用法(情态动词后接动词原形)
1.(2024年1月浙江高考卷) However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 61 (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day.
【答案】be offered
【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意:然而,虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事,但如果有时能以小包装出售,那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”,和主语构成被动关系,主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
2.(2024·全国甲卷)What should 45 (do)with such a beautiful place
【答案】be done
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:对于这样一个美丽的地方,我们应该做些什么呢?主语what指物,与谓语动词do是被动关系,情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态,故填be done。
3.(2023年全国甲卷) Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still ______ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【答案】be employed
【解析】考查情态动词和动词语态。句意:Carson证明了一种被传承了多年的简单的文学形式依然能在今天被利用以引起人们对重要真理的注意。此处从句的主语是a simple literary form,这里指这种文学形式被利用。又因为空处在情态动词can后面。故填be employed。
情态动词后接动词原形这个考点虽然简单,但考题显现它还是有可能考的,解题关键是理解句意和时态语态知识的综合考查不可忽视。
考点二 考查情态动词的基本含义及用法
1. (2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Teachers and chaperones ________ model good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times.
【答案】should 
【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意:指教师和监护人应该要树立良好的行为榜样,并始终与学生在一起。表示“应该”,指义务。故填should。
2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Class activities will vary from day to day, but students ________ be ready to complete short in class writings.
【答案】must
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:课堂活动每天都不同,但学生必须准备好在课堂上完成短篇作文。表示“必须”用must。故填must。
3.(2022·全国甲卷)In humans, babies ________ put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes.
【答案】can
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:在人类中,婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆洞里。表示“可以,能够”用can。故填can。
1.情态动词的基本用法。
(1)can/could的用法
①表示能力,could表示过去的能力。
②表示可能(理论上或是逻辑上)。
He can't/couldn't have enough money for a new car.他不可能有足够的钱买一辆新车。
③表示允许。
Can I have a look at your new pen 我能看看你的新钢笔吗?
④表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
He can't/couldn't be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁了。
How can you be so careless
你怎么能这么粗心呢?
⑤比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Can/Could you lend me a hand
你能帮我一下吗?
(2)may/might的用法
①表示允许。might可以指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉。回答以may引起的问句时,用Yes, please./Certainly./Please don't./You'd better not.等。
②表示可能。might可以指过去时间,也可以指现在时间,但语气更加不肯定。
(3)must的用法
①表示义务,意为“必须”(主观意志)。
All visitors must report to reception.
所有来宾必须到接待处报到。
②用must提问,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't/don't have to。
③表示推测,暗含很大可能性,意为“想必,准是,一定”等,只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale.他一定是病了。他看起来很苍白。
④表示“偏偏,非要”。
Must you ask me such a question 你非得问我这样的问题吗?
⑤mustn't 意为“不要,千万别”,表示禁止。
Children mustn't play with fire.孩子们不能玩火。
(4)shall的用法
①表示征询意见,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
②表示说话人的意愿,有“命令,允诺,警告,决心”等意思,用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
You shall do as I say. (命令) 你要照我说的去做。
Everyone shall not pass without permission! (警告)没有允许,任何人休想通过!
(5)will的用法
①表示意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。
If you will read the book, I'll lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书,我就借给你。
②表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
These things will happen. 这些事情早晚要发生。
③表示临时作出的决定。
—Someone is knocking at the door.
—I will answer it.
——有人在敲门。
——我来开门。
(6)would的用法
表示委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。
①表示意愿。
She just wouldn't do what I asked her.
她就是不愿照我说的去做。
②表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
When he was young, he would sit in front of the door, waiting for his father to come back home.
小时候,他常常坐在门口等着爸爸回家。
(7)should/ought to的用法
①表示义务,意为“应该”(某件事适宜做),用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers.你应该对老师有礼貌。
Such things ought to be banned.这种事应该禁止。
②表示推测,意为“想必,一定,照说应该,估计”等。
They should be home by now.他们现在应该在家。
If he started out at nine, he ought to be here by now.他如果九点出发,现在应该到这里了。
③should还可以用在if引导的虚拟条件从句中。should置于句首时,省略if,相当于“万一”的意思。
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.
如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了。
Should you change your mind, please let us know.
万一你改变主意,请让我们知道。
④should还可用在以 why, who, how等开头的疑问句或某些感叹句中,带有感彩。意为“竟然,竟会”。
Why should you be so late today
你今天竟然来得这么晚?
⑤在It is+adj.+that从句中,从句的谓语动词常用should+动词原形,should可以省略。
It is vital that every student (should) respect their teachers.
每个学生都应该尊重他们的老师,这很重要。
(8)need的用法
need表示必要性,常用于疑问句和否定句中,needn't表示“不必”。need作实义动词时,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中,有人称、数和时态的变化;其后可接名词、代词、带to的不定式或动名词作宾语。
The classroom needs cleaning.
=The classroom needs to be cleaned.
教室需要打扫。
(9)dare的用法
dare意为“敢,敢于”,没有人称、数和时态的变化,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中,后接动词原形。作实义动词时,在肯定句中通常接带to的不定式,在疑问句和否定句中,dare之后的不定式可省略to。
We should not be producing compliant students who do not dare (to) criticize.
我们不应当把学生培养成不敢批评的唯唯诺诺的人。
(10)used to/had better/might as well的用法
①used to+动词原形表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不再发生或不存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.过去在街角有一幢大楼,但现在已经被拆掉了。
I used not/didn't use to like opera. 我过去不喜欢歌剧。
Used you/Did you use to go to school on foot 你过去常常步行去上学吗?
②had better意为“最好”,后面接动词原形,否定式为had better not do。【高频再现】
We had better take an umbrella in case it rains.
以防下雨,我们最好带把伞。
③might as well意为“倒不如……,还是做……好”。 【高频再现】
The heavy rain ruined our trip. We might as well have stayed at home.
大雨毁了我们的旅行。我们还不如待在家里。
2.情态动词后跟完成式的用法
分类 形式 用法
对过去的推测 must have done 对过去的动作的肯定推测,表示肯定做过某事
can't/couldn't have done 表示对过去情况的否定推测,用于否定句和疑问句,表示不可能做过某事
may/might have done 表示对过去情况的不太肯定的推测;用于肯定句、否定句,但不用于疑问句。表示“可能”。might have done 也用于虚拟语气句,表示未实现的动作
对过去情况的后悔、遗憾或责备等 needn't have done 过去没有必要做……但实际上做了
should/ought to have done 过去本应该做……而实际上并未做
would have done 本来会做……而未做
could have done 本来可以做……但是实际没有做
1.(2024 黑龙江省双鸭山一中月考) I can't believe such a gentleman ________ be so rude to the old.
【答案】should
【解析】查情态动词。句意:我不能相信如此的一位绅士竟然对那位老人如此的粗鲁。此处should意为:竟然,表示惊讶。故填should。
2.Mrs Morrison ________ (make) a good salary in an office job instead of staying at home, but she decided not to work for the sake of her children.
【答案】could have made
【解析】考查情态动词及谓语动词。句意:莫里森太太本可以在办公室工作并获得不错的薪水而不是呆在家里工作,但她决定为了孩子们而不工作。此处could have done表示:本可以做某事,而实际上没做。故填could have made。
3.She (participate) in the activity, for she was doing paperwork in the office then.
【答案】couldn’t have participated
【解析】考查情态动词的推测用法。句意:她不可能参加这个活动,因为那时她正在办公室做文书工作。根据连词for可知,上下文是因果关系,结合“she was doing paperwork in the office then”可推知,因为那时她正在办公室做文书工作,所以她不可能参加了这个活动;表示对过去情况否定推测,用couldn’t have done...“(过去)不可能做过……”。故填couldn’t have participated。
4.He must (pass) the exam, because he was so happy the whole day.
【答案】have passed
【解析】考查情态动词+have done的结构。句意:他一定是通过了考试,因为他一整天都那么开心。根据下文“because he was so happy the whole day”可知,他一整天都那么开心,所以他一定是通过了考试。本题考查“must have done”的结构,表示对过去情况的非常肯定的推测,即“一定已经做了某事”。故填have passed。
情态动词+have done的用法是个难点,二轮复习要有意识地进行强化,情态动词+完成时表示对过去发生事实的推测。
考点三 考查情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法
1.(2020江苏卷)If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I ______________(be) where I am.
【答案】wouldn’t be
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我没有面对那么多的障碍,我现在就不会在这里。分析句子成分可知,此处是错综时间虚拟语气,根据空后where I am可知,此处是与现在事实相反的假设,主句谓语动词应使用would/could/might/should + do。故填wouldn’t be。
2. (2019天津卷)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________(accomplish) the task in half the time.
【答案】would have accomplished
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:工人们没有被更好的组织起来,否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知,这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他,故填would have accomplished。
3.(2018江苏卷)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______(have) a second chance to become more involved.
【答案】had
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:在这个村里有很好的社交生活,并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,所以从句用一般过去时。故填had。
4.(2018北京卷)They might have found a better hotel if they _________(drive) a few more kilometers.
【答案】had driven
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知,该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分,表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态,故填had driven。
虚拟语气的常用用法
(1)if虚拟条件句的用法
场合 从句谓语动词形式 主句谓语形式
与现在事实相反 动词过去式(be用were) would / could / should / might+ 动词原形
与过去事实相反 had +动词过去分词 would/ could / should / might have done
与将来事实相反 1.动词过去式(be用were) 2.were to + 动词原形 3.should + 动词原形 would / could / should / might + 动词原形
(2)从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”的情况
① (坚持insist命令order, command建议advise, suggest, recommend要求demand, desire, require, request)接从句谓语用should+动词原形,且should可以省略。但应注意insist表示“坚持说”,suggest表示“暗示,表明”时,后接宾语从句应用陈述语气。
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week.
②名词(order, command, advice, suggestion, requirement等)后接从句,该从句谓语动词用should+动词原形,且should可以省略。
We agreed to the order that the task (should) be completed at 5 o'clock.
③It is necessary/strange/ impossible..that..从句谓语用should+动词原形,且should可以省略。若从句涉及已经发生的动作,则应用should have done。
It is strange that he should have acted toward his parents like that.
(3)特殊句型中虚拟语气的用法
①I wish that…从句与过去、现在、将来事实相反,分别用had done, did, would/could do。
I wish 从句结构 示例
与现在事实相反 一般过去式 I wish it were autumn now.
与过去事实相反 过去完成式 He wished he had not lost the chance.
与将来事实相反 would+动词原形 I wish you would come soon.
②if only表示“如果……该多好”,as if/though表示“好像”,从句虚拟用法同上。
③I would rather that…从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时,与现在、将来相反用一般过去时。
④It is high/about time that..后面常用did或should do, should不能省,意为“早该……”。
1.(2024·海南省海口市高三能力诊断)I ________ (not worry) before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
【答案】needn't have worried
【解析】考查情态动词与虚拟语气。句意:在我来到新学校之前,我本不必担心,因为我在这里的同学对我很友好。此处needn't have done表达没有必要做地事做了。故填needn't have worried。
2.(2024·辽宁省辽西联合校高三期中)I am sure I would have lost him if I ________ (continue) dancing.
【答案】had continued
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:我相信,如果我继续跳舞,我会失去他的。主句would have done形式,从句用had done形式。故填had continued。
3.It is high time that we ________ (join) hands to protect the only home we have.
【答案】joined/should join 
【解析】It is (high) time that sb did/should do sth结构,意为“到了某人做某事的时候了”。故填joined/should join。
4.(2018江苏卷)It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
【答案】 should
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:真奇怪,他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中,其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should可以省略。故填should。
04重难点突破 形容词和副词基本知识的综合运用
情态动词和虚拟语气考点的关键能力:
1.熟练掌握情态动词的基本用法:情态动词+动词原形。
2.根据具体的语境判断使用相应的情态动词。
3.注意情态动词的特殊用法。例如should“竟然”。
4.近年来情态动词与动词时态、语态联考是重点。
5.根据具体语境恰当使用虚拟语气表达自己的思想感情,尤其是在写作中。
1.---- Why are your eyes so red You have slept well last night.
---- Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
【答案】can’t/ couldn’t
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:—为什么你的眼睛这么红?你昨晚一定没睡好。—是的,我熬夜写报告。根据句意可知这是表示对过去事情的推测,而且很有把握,表示不可能做过某事,一定没做过某事,用can’t/ couldn’t have done sth.故填can’t/ couldn’t。
2.—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it’s too bad. You should (make) full preparations.
【答案】have made
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:——对不起,妈妈!我又没能通过面试。——噢,太糟糕了。你本应该做好充分的准备。结合“I failed the job interview again.”可知,此处应用虚拟语气,描述与过去事实相反的情况,用should have done表示“本来应该做某事,而实际没做”。故填have made。
3.I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I shouldn’t (eat) so much fried chicken just now.
【答案】have eaten
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:我的胃不舒服。我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。根据“so much fried chicken just now”可知,此处是指刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡,shouldn’t have done意为“本不应该做某事”,是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故填have eaten。
4.The spokesman did not regret what he had said at the conference but felt that he could (express) it indirectly.
【答案】have expressed
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:发言人对他在会上所说的话并不后悔,只是觉得他本可以间接地表达出来。根据“The spokesman did not regret what he had said at the conference but felt”可知,此处是指他本可以间接地表达出来,是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,所以应用could have done表示“本可以做某事”。动词express意为“表达”。故填have expressed。
5.—I honestly don’t think I’m going to be admitted.
—Well, you never know! You have made a better impression than you think.
【答案】may/might
【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意:——我真的以为我不会被录取的。——你不知道!你给别人留下的印象可能比你想象的要好。根据“have made a better impression than you think”可知,此处是指你给别人留下的印象可能比你想象的要好,所以应用情态动词may或might表示“可能”,此处是对过去的推测。故填may/might。
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