专题06 句子成分、基本句型和长难句分析
目录
01考情透视·目标导航 2
02知识导图·思维引航 3
03考点突破·考向探究 4
考点一 在语法填空中考查句子成分 4
【真题研析】 4
【核心精讲】 5
【命题预测】 6
考点二 在写作中考查英语常用句型 7
【真题研析】 7
【核心精讲】 8
【命题预测】 11
考点三 考查写作中的高级句式 12
【真题研析】 12
【核心精讲】 13
【命题预测】 20
考点四 考查快速理解长难句 22
【真题研析】 22
【核心精讲】 23
【命题预测】 25
句子成分、基本句型和长难句分析
考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析
在语法填空中考查句子成分 熟练掌握构成句子的基本成分及每种成分对应的词 历年高考语法填空中都考 从高考试题来看，有关句子成分、基本句型和长难句知识和能力无处不在，从阅读理解到写作都离不开解析分析，长难句理解，高级句型表达。分析长难句的能力是解决阅读理解的关键，分析句子成分是语法填空的基础，高级句式的表达是写作成功的保障。 预计在2025年高考中，有关句子成分、基本句型和长难句知识必考。
考查英语常用句型 熟练掌握英语常用的几种句型，这是写句子的基础 历年高考写作范文和语篇中都有体现
考查写作中的高级句式 掌握英语写作中高级句式的表达方法和手段 历年英语高分作文的必备条件
考查快速理解长难句 快速理解长难句是高效完成阅读理解的保证，掌握长难句的特征，快速理解句意 历年英语阅读理解中必考
考点一 在语法填空中考查句子成分
1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England.
【答案】richness
【解析】考查名词。句意：“玻璃屋”是当代设计的一个伟大成果，容纳了来自中国西南部的植物。建筑位于公园内一条小路的末端，这条小路追溯了丝路沿线，各种植物品种正是沿此线从其亚洲原生地来到英国，并由此定义了英国园艺的丰富性。空处作define的宾语，应用名词形式richness。故填richness。
2．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common ___37___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
【答案】 themes
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
3．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful.
【答案】functional
【解析】考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。
4.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.
【答案】closed
【解析】考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。
高考语法填空是在语篇中考查句子成分，做题时，我们只有分析清楚了空中要填的词在句子中作什么成分，我们才能断定用什么词进而写出正确的词形或填出恰当的连词。
掌握八大句子成分
1.主语
可以作主语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句、疑问词＋不定式等。it可以作形式主语。
It is important to make use of the time in class.充分利用课堂上的时间很重要。
2.谓语
不及物动词后不能直接接宾语，不能用于被动语态，及物动词后可直接接宾语，可用于被动语态；还要注意谓语动词的时态。
Besides, I was previously trained in a sports training center, which makes me strong enough to be a volunteer.
此外，我以前在体育中心受过培训，这使得我身体足够强壮可以当志愿者。
3.宾语
可以作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句、疑问词＋不定式等。it可以作形式宾语。动词和介词后都可以接宾语。
All of the students were absorbed in what the teacher said and took notes carefully during the class.课上，所有的学生都认真听讲并且做笔记。
4.表语
放在系动词之后；可以作表语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、从句、疑问词＋不定式。
I'm sociable, easygoing and good at communicating with others.我喜欢交际、为人随和、善于与人交流。
常见系动词有：be, become, get, grow, turn, go, sound, taste, look, feel, smell, stay, keep, remain, seem, appear等。
5.定语
可以作定语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、定语从句等。
With their heavy burdens removed, students can then keep in normal mental health.去除繁重的负担，学生才可以保持正常的心理健康。
6.状语
可以作状语的有形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、状语从句。状语可以表示原因、让步、条件、目的、结果、伴随、方式、时间、地点、比较等。
To make our city green, we decided to plant more trees and protect them.为了绿化城市，我们决定多植树并保护它们。
7.宾语补足语
说明宾语的性质、特征等。可以作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、非谓语动词等。
Sports teach us to be considerate, cooperative and optimistic.运动教会了我们体谅、合作和乐观。
8.同位语
当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，它们被称为同位语。同理，当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外，还可以表示部分意义。
①He told me that his brother John is a world famous doctor.(同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时，不用逗号隔开)
他告诉我，他哥哥约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。
②Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr James. (同位语只起补充解释作用时，同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗号隔开)
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。
③He is interested in sports, especially ball games. (同位语表示其同位成分的部分意义)
他喜欢运动，特别是球类运动。
1.（2025·安徽省江淮十校高三第二次联考）Tight as a thread, seamless (无缝的) as a seal, and coupled like yin and yang, sunmao structures have for centuries been providing strong and lasting supports for Chinese wooden architecture.
Usually, large components of wooden architecture are pieced together using these structures. The sun and the mao, when joined together, both support and contain the neighbouring parts. This enhances (stable) and adds flexibility to the architecture.
【答案】stability
【解析】考查名词。句意：这增强了稳定性，并为体系结构增加了灵活性。空格处用名词作宾语，stable的名词是stability，是不可数名词，意为“稳定性”。故填stability。
2.（2025·吉林省长春市高三质量监测（一））Dating all the way back to the ancient Zhou Dynasty of China, the sport of jianzi was mainly played among Chinese youth as a (create) way to exercise. It is believed that the fundamental gameplay and style came from a football-like game (name) cuju.
【答案】creative
【解析】考查形容词。句意：毽子这项运动的历史可以追溯到中国古代的周朝，它主要是中国青年人的一种创造性锻炼方式。修饰名词way需用形容词creative，作定语。故填creative。
【答案】named
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们认为，毽子的基本玩法和风格源自一种名为蹴鞠的类似足球的运动。空处需填非谓语动词作定语，a football-like game和name为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填named。
3.（2025·四川省宜宾市高三一诊）The courtyard, called the Guan， is known as a local culture museum now along the Beijing Central Axis, which was (official) inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List this July.
【答案】officially
【解析】考查副词。句意：这个院子被称为关帝庙，现在是北京中轴线沿线的一个地方文化博物馆，今年7月正式被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。此处用副词officially“正式地”，修饰动词inscribed，作状语。故填officially。
考点二 在写作中考查英语常用句型
分析下列范文中的句子类型
1.(2024 新高考Ⅰ卷·应用文范文) Being outdoors, I realized, greatly influences and enhances my artistic expression.
【答案】主语Being outdoors；谓语influences and enhances；宾语my artistic expression 句型：主语+谓语+宾语
【解析】考查基本句型。句意：在户外，我意识到，极大地影响和提高了我的艺术表现。
2. (2024年1月新高考浙江卷) It’s not only a fun activity but also a great way to improve cardiovascular health and coordination.
【答案】句型：主语+系动词+表语（注意此处是not only... but also...引导的并列表语）
【解析】考查句子结构。句意:这不仅是一项有趣的活动，也是改善心血管健康和协调的好方法。
3. (2024·浙江浙里卷天下高三百校联考)The trip has provided the children with unforgettable visual experiences.
【答案】主谓＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
【解析】考查句子结构。句意：这次旅行给孩子们带来了难忘的视觉体验。
4.（2025·山东省泰安市肥城市摸底）Our class held a themed class meeting titled “Striving Achieves Dreams” yesterday.
【答案】主语+谓语+宾语+状语
【解析】考查句子结构。句意：我们班昨天举行了一个名为“奋斗实现梦想”的主题班会。
5.（2024·天津卷）I feel it a privilege to address an issue that concerns us all—our commitment to a low-carbon campus.
【答案】句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾补（注意此处it是形式宾语，不定式短语to address an issue that concerns us all—our commitment to a low-carbon campus是真正宾语）
【解析】考查句子结构。句意：我觉得我很荣幸能做一个涉及到我们所有人的问题——我们对低碳校园的承诺的演讲。
句子的基本构型——八大基本句型
句型1 主语＋谓语(S V)
归纳：谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需接宾语。
The rain stopped.雨停了。
句型2 主语＋谓语＋状语(S V Ad)
归纳：谓语动词是不及物动词。状语一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、分词或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
The time passed quickly.
时间过得很快。
句型3 主语＋系动词＋表语(S V P)
归纳：系动词不能表达一个完整的意思，后面必须加上一个表明主语身份、特征、性质、状态等的表语。
My sister is a nurse. 我姐姐是个护士。
系动词除了be动词之外，还有：
①表示感官的动词：feel, look, smell, taste, sound等；
②表示似乎、好像的动词：seem, appear等；
③表示状态延续的动词：remain, stay, keep等；
④表示转变、变化的动词：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow等；
⑤表示终止性结果的动词：prove, turn out。
I feel quite happy.我感觉很开心。
句型4 主语＋谓语＋宾语(S V O)
归纳：谓语动词是及物动词，表达的意思不完整，其后必须要接一个宾语，即动作的承受者。作宾语的可以是：名词、代词、动名词、不定式、疑问词＋不定式、宾语从句等。
①I love these types of books.
我爱读这些种类的书籍。
②I know how to solve the problem.
我知道如何解决这个问题。
句型5 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S V O Ad)
归纳：有时宾语后会接副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等作状语。
①I like to stay at home on Sundays.
星期天我喜欢待在家里。
②He turned his head around to look at the child.
他扭头看向那个孩子。
句型6 主语＋谓语＋间宾＋直宾(S V IO DO)
归纳：谓语动词后接有两个宾语，这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者，其中指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，其前通常需要加介词for或to。
①I gave him a birthday gift.
我送给他一个生日礼物。
②He bought a new coat for me.
他给我买了一件新外套。
宾语较长时，常跟双宾语的动词：①需借助于to的动词：bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write等；②需借助于for的动词：buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。
句型7 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S V O C)
归纳：谓语动词后虽然已有一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须再加上另外一个成分(即宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词、疑问词＋不定式等。
①The news made us very excited.
那个消息令我们非常兴奋。
②The teacher asked us to answer the question.
老师叫我们回答那个问题。
宾语较长时，用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的结构。即：“主语＋谓语＋it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”。it作形式宾语，通常和下列动词连用：consider, think, make, find, believe, feel, guess, imagine, judge, prove, see, suppose, take等。
I think it hard to get along with her.
我觉得很难和她相处。
句型8 There be结构
【归纳总结】There be ... 意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。There be ... 属于倒装结构，后面的名词是句子的主语。There be中的be有时可以用lie, exist, stand, happen to be, used to be, seem to be, appear to be等代替。
①There are two people waiting outside.
有两个人正在外面等候。
②There happened to be nobody around.
碰巧周围没有人。
分析下列范文中的句子类型
1.（2025·甘肃省天水市高三联考） It is a truly unique opportunity to learn something, help others and enjoy yourself.
【答案】句型：主语＋系动词＋表语（注意：不定式短语to learn something, help others and enjoy yourself作定语修饰opportunity）
【解析】考查句子结构。句意：这是一个真正独特的机会来学习一些东西，帮助他人和享受你自己。
2.（2025·重庆市沙坪坝区重庆市第八中学校高三期中）Many of my classmates, including myself, have started making positive changes in our daily routines.
【答案】句型：主语＋谓语＋宾语
【解析】考查句子结构。句意：我的许多同学，包括我自己，已经开始对我们的日常生活做出积极的改变。
3.（2025·福州市八县（市）协作校高三上联考）I really enjoyed the lesson because it felt satisfying to make something delicious with my own hands.
【答案】句型：主语＋谓语＋宾语+状语（状语从句作状语）
【解析】考查句子结构。句意：我真的很喜欢这节课，因为自己动手做美味的东西感觉很满意。
考点三 考查写作中的高级句式（完成句子）
考查写作中的高级句式（完成句子）
1．（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·应用文） ____________________________________（我从未感到）so inspired and invigorated by this memorable experience.
【答案】Never before had I felt
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：我从未对这段难忘的经历感到如此大的鼓舞和活力。
2.（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·应用文） _____________________________（最让我印象深刻）was how this experience allowed me to notice some minute details, ones that often go unnoticed.
【答案】What struck me most
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：最让我印象深刻的是，这段经历如何让我注意到一些细微的细节，这些细节经常被忽视。
3.(2024年1月·浙江卷) Rope skipping can be both an individual and a group activity, ____________________________________________________________（鼓励学生之间的参与和互动）.
【答案】 encouraging participation and interaction among students
【解析】考查现在分词短语作状语。句意：跳绳既可以是个人活动，也可以是团体活动，鼓励学生之间的参与和互动。
4.(2024·全国高考甲卷) The introduction of high-speed trains has dramatically shortened travel times, ____________________________________________________________（使城际旅行更快、更舒适）.
【答案】 making intercity travel faster and more comfortable
【解析】考查现在分词短语作结果状语。句意：高速列车的引入极大地缩短了旅行时间，使城际旅行更快、更舒适。
5.（2024 天津卷）Despite our continuous efforts, we still witness phenomena ____________________________________________________________（与低碳生活原则相矛盾）, such as excessive use of disposable items and wasteful consumption of water and electricity.
【答案】that contradict the principles of low-carbon living
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：尽管我们不断努力，但我们仍然看到了与低碳生活原则相矛盾的现象，如过度使用一次性物品和浪费水电消费。
书面表达能力是高考英语的核心素养之一。英语写作能力是指学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，特别是在真实语境中传递与沟通信息、再现生活经历、表达观点、意图和情感的能力，要在发展语言技能的同时，提高发现问题和解决问题、批判和创新的能力。
但是书面表达的核心问题是：学生能够写出自然、流畅和高水平的句子来表达自己的情感和态度，记述事情的经过，阐述自己的观点，清晰说明事物的特点或某种现象。所以提高学生的词句写作能力是提高学生写作能力的根本。通过一轮复习学生有了一些基本的造句能力，也积累了一些经典句子，二轮复习要通过一些技巧系统、综合提升他们的写作表达能力。
这里我们总结三种提高词句表达能力的技巧。一、打开思维、发挥想象、增加细节---让句子表达丰富多彩；二、学会运用高级词汇--让句子表达有深度和高度；三、学会运用高级句式--让句子表达语出惊人。
1、打开思维、发挥想象、增加细节---让句子表达丰富多彩
考生写作时可以通过增加修饰成分及举例等手段来打开思维，适当增加相关细节内容。主要有以下几种方法帮助你扩展句子，写出内容充实的文章。有时可以同时用到多个方法增加细节，使内容表示的更丰富。
技巧（一）增加定语成分
1．增加定语从句
例1 我知道我们的校报正在为明年12月举行的科技节收集英文口号，所以我写信是为了推荐我的口号。（增加定语从句，补充详细而具体的内容）
Knowing that our school newspaper is collecting English slogans for the Science&Technology Festival to be held in December, I’m writing to recommend mine, which I believe can fully reveal the theme.
例2 任何人都可以在2月25日前在304房间注册。所以不要错过最后期限！（增加定语从句让简单句变高级句型，让内容丰富，尽显英语功底）
Anyone who is interested in it can sign up in Room 304 before Feb. 25. So don’t miss the deadline!
例3 此外，世界名人的故事也很吸引我。（增加定语从句使表达更丰富）
Besides, the stories of world-famous people are also attractive to me, which help me learn a lot from them.
例4 你最好在课前充分准备，简要了解唐代历史。（增加定语从句使表达更圆满）
You'd better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, which helps you learn more about traditional Chinese culture.
2．增加介词短语作定语
例1 我只是把它们放在脸盆里。（增加介词短语作定语让表达更具体，尽显高中英语语言功底）
I just put them in the basin full of water.
例2 她是个女孩。（增加介词短语作定语让表达更具体，尽显高中英语语言功底）
She is a girl with a pair of black eyes and lovely dimples on her round face.
3．增加具体的形容词作定语
王老师是个好老师。（增加形容词作定语让表达更具体）
Mr. Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher.
4．综合使用定语（体会一下句子的表达是不是内容更具体，更丰富，更好了啊）
例1 Mr. Wang is a good teacher.→Mr. Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher who knows how to enlighten us students.
例2 I rode to Park yesterday→I, together with Tom and Jerry, rode to Zhongshan Park yesterday, feeling rather excited.
技巧（二） 增加状语成分
1．增加动词-ing形式作状语
例句1：欢迎参加并对影片提出意见。
What's more, every one of you will be welcome to participate in it, enjoying movie, having a heated discussion afterwards and giving your own comments.
例句2：我想和你分享毕业典礼活动细节。
Knowing you're interested in our coming graduation activity, I would like to share the details with you.
2．增加with复合结构作状语
例句：表达希望
With the Chinese Culture Communicating Event approaching, I do hope you can have a better knowledge of Chinese tea.
3．增加目的状语
例句1：我们学校今天在表演中心举行了一场音乐会。
In order to enrich the life of teachers and students as well as welcome the coming of Spring Festival, our school held a concert in the performance center today.
例句2：想试一试的请速报名。
Whoever wants to have a try, please sign up quickly so that you don't miss the chance of being the winner.
4．增加结果状语
例句1：我们可以在当地的护理社区度过周末，提供帮助，比如做一些清洁工作，或者和他们聊天。
We can spend weekends in the local nursing community, offering help like doing some cleaning, or chatting with them so that they won’t feel lonely.
例句2：将安排一系列与环保相关的讲座。
A series of lectures related to environmental protection will be arranged, thus arousing people's awareness of living a low-carbon life.
5．增加原因状语
例句：我从小就梦想当一名老师。
I have dreamed of being a teacher since I was a child, because I think teaching is a sacred profession.
6．增加方式状语 by doing ...
例句：但是，我们许多人都忽略了良好生活习惯的重要性。
However, many of us ignore the importance of good living habits by eating junk food and staying up late.
技巧（三）通过列举具体的实例来补充说明
1．such as .../like ...
例句：其次，带一个小礼物是个好主意。
Second, it is a good idea to bring a small gift, such as a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolate if they have young children.
2．for example/instance
例句：如今，我们中的一些人在校园里已经养成了一些坏习惯。
Nowadays, some of us have formed some bad habits on campus.For instance, some students leave the lights on in the daytime; some leave much food on the table after eating.
3. ...as well as ...
例句：这项活动一定会帮助我们反思高中三年的学校生活。
The activity will surely help us reflect on the three years' senior high school life as well as look forward to a better journey in the future.
技巧（四）增加个人感受、评价、希望等
1．增加个人感受
例句：虽然这个暑假我觉得很累，但我为我所做的事情感到很高兴。
Although I was very tired this summer holiday，I felt very happy for what I did because I got a knowledge of farming experience.
2．增加评价
例句：我想这样的活动是必要的且有意义的。
I think such activities are necessary and meaningful, from which I learn that we should help people who are in trouble if possible.
3．增加希望
例句：我坚信这是我一生中最难忘的午餐。
I hold the firm belief that it was the most unforgettable lunch in my life, because it made me enjoy the pleasure of labor.
4．增加倡议
例句：我从这次经历中学到爱护和保护我们的社区是我们的责任。
What I learnt from this experience is that it is our duty to love and protect our community.So the Chairman of our school suggests our school hold a series of activities to call on students to take action to do it.
2、学会运用高级词汇--让句子表达有深度和高度
评分标准第五档次的要求中提到，“词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”。高级词汇就像一颗颗耀眼的明珠，为作文增添光彩，从而使考生稳拿高分。
技巧（一）使用具体化单词，让表达更生动形象。
所谓词义具体化原则，是指写作中尽量避免使用意义宽泛、笼统的表达，而要根据语境使用具体生动的词。
So good do they look that I think you could be interested in them.
→So attractive and alive do they look that I think you could be interested in them.
技巧（二）高级词汇优先
为了表现自己的语言功底，吸引阅卷老师的眼球，尽量用高年级阶段学到的高级词汇代替低年级阶段学到的词汇。
Eventually, I want to know which aspects of traditional Chinese culture arouse your curiosity most.
→Eventually, I am strongly eager to know which aspects of traditional Chinese culture arouse your curiosity most.(2021·全国甲作文)
技巧（三）短语优先原则
用短语代替不仅会使文章增加亮点，而且如果关键时刻思维短路，用短语凑词数也是一个很好的选择。
1．形容词变短语的方法：of＋同根名词
Furthermore, guzheng is very significant to Chinese folk music leading you to a fantastic world of music.
→Furthermore, guzheng is of great significance to Chinese folk music leading you to a fantastic world of music.
2．动词变短语的方法：同义短语替换
know/realize→be aware of
help sb→give sb a hand/do sb a favour
use→make (good/full) use of/take advantage of
understand→figure out/make sense of
If anyone helps you, you should express your sincere gratitude to him or her.
→If anyone gives you a hand, you should express your sincere gratitude to him or her.
3、 学会运用高级句式--让句子表达语出惊人
精彩句式的合理使用会使文章读起来抑扬顿挫。固定句式(如with复合结构、强调句型等)、定语从句、动词-ing短语等都属于较复杂的语法结构。这些结构的正确使用，可以使文章的语言充满层次感，从而较好地反映出作者的语言运用能力。
技巧（一）学会使用非谓语动词、介词短语等增强句子的表现力
1．运用介词短语
In the Spring Festival of 2024, many people chose to spend the Spring Festival in cities where they worked instead of returning to their hometowns to reduce the pressure of the traffic.(介词短语作状语)
在2024年的春节上，许多人选择在他们工作的城市度过春节，而不是回到家乡，以减少交通压力。
2．运用动词不定式短语
On arrival at the nursing home, my classmates and I visited the elderly in groups and gave presents to them to show our respect and love for them. (动词不定式短语作目的状语)
一到养老院，我就和同学们一起去看望老人，并给他们送礼物，以表达我们对他们的尊重和爱。
Such an activity can provide us students with a chance to take part in social activities and help those in need.(动词不定式短语作定语)
这样的活动可以为我们的学生提供一个机会来参加社会活动，并帮助那些有需要的人。
3．运用分词短语
Youth covers a wide variety of topics to attract senior students, leading us into the outer world.(动词-ing短语作状语)
《青春》题材广泛，吸引高年级学生，带领我们走进外面的世界。
On arriving at the farm located in the suburb of our city, the sea of vegetables came into our sight, which included cucumbers, tomatoes and so on.(过去分词短语作定语)
一到位于我们城郊的农场，蔬菜的海洋就映入我们的眼帘，有黄瓜、西红柿等。
技巧（二）学会使用并列句
一、并列关系常用句型或词语
both...and...既……又……，not only...but (also)...不但……而且……，neither...nor...既不……也不……，when...这时……，and和，as well as和；又
①（2024·陕西省渭南市高三上学期教学质量检测一模）It not only taught me how to care for people in need, but let me experience the pleasure of helping others.
它不仅教会了我如何照顾有需要的人，而且也让我体验到帮助别人的乐趣。
②[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，写作]I sincerely hope that Youth can make new progress and that more readers will share their own stories.
我衷心希望《青年报》再创辉煌，让更多的读者分享自己的故事。
③As far as I know, it is neither too hot nor too cold in winter in Shanghai.
据我所知，上海的冬天既不太热也不太冷。
二、选择关系常用句型或词语
either...or...或者……或者……，not...but...不是……而是……，or或者，otherwise 否则
①If you're interested in it, you may either send an email to 12345@ or sign up in person.
如果你对它感兴趣，可以发邮件到12345@ 或者亲自报名。
②In my opinion, the son refuses to communicate with his parents not because he has no time but because he is unwilling to.
在我看来，儿子拒绝与父母沟通不是因为他没有时间，而是因为他不愿意。
三、转折关系常用词语
but但是，however 然而，while 然而
①[2021·全国乙卷]I knew my lines, but I was terrified to have to recite them in front of an audience.
我知道我的台词，但我很害怕要在观众面前背诵。
②My friend John takes a positive attitude towards life while his sister doesn't.
我的朋友约翰对生活采取积极的态度，而他的妹妹却不是。
四、因果关系常用词语
for因为，so 因此，therefore 因此
[2020·浙江卷7月]I'm wondering whether you have recovered from your sickness. Therefore, I am writing to you to show my concern for your health.
我想知道你病好了没有。 因此，我写信给你是为了表达我对你健康的关心。
技巧（三）学会使用主从复合句提升句子级别
1．as和which引导的非限制性定语从句
定语从句有多种形式，引导词也有若干，但最容易掌握、最常运用的是as和which引导的非限制性定语从句。
(1)表达“正如……”这一含义时，我们常用as引导的非限制性定语从句，它常放在主句之前，有时也可放在主句之中或主句之后。常见的句式有：
·As we all know .../As is known to all ...
众所周知……
·As the famous saying goes ...
正如名言所说……
As we all know, our friends lend us a helping hand when we need help and they help us get through difficult situations.
众所周知，在我们需要帮助的时候，我们的朋友会伸出援手，并且他们会帮助我们渡过困境。
(2)which引导的非限制性定语从句
which在引导非限制性定语从句时，可以指代某个单词，也可以代指整个主句，在从句中可以作主语或宾语。
To introduce traditional Chinese culture, our school will hold a theme class meeting, which will be exhibited on the English website.
为了介绍中国传统文化，我们学校将举办一场主题班会，并在英语网站上展示。
2．what和that引导的名词性从句
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其中what、 that所引导的名词性从句是写作中常见的高级表达方式。what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，而that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。
I sincerely hope that Youth can make new progress and that more readers will participate in the interaction and share their own stories.
我真心希望《青春》能有新的进步，更多的读者参与互动，并分享自己的故事。
What you told me about your country broadened my horizons and inspired my interest in foreign culture.(主语从句)
你告诉我的关于你的国家的事情开阔了我的视野，并激发了我对外国文化的兴趣。
技巧（四）学会使用特殊句式
1．强调句
强调句的使用是为了突出强调句子的某一部分，它是一种比较容易掌握的高级表达方式。其构成：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。
(2022·全国乙卷)From my perspective, whatever method we choose, it is our inner interest and enthusiasm that allow us to make brilliant progress in English.(强调句)
从我的角度来看，无论我们选择什么方法，是我们内在的兴趣和热情让我们在英语上取得辉煌的进步。
2．倒装句
在写作中倒装句应用比较广泛，涉及的句型也比较多，包括部分倒装和完全倒装。常见的有：
(1)“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
(2021·全国乙卷)In conclusion, only by being smart online learners can we truly enjoy the benefits of modern technology.
总之，只有成为明智的在线学习者，我们才能真正地享受现代技术的好处。
(2)none、 neither、 nor、 not、 never、 hardly、 little、 seldom等否定词，以及由no或者not构成的否定短语，如not only ...but also ...、 at no time、 by no means等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
Through this activity, not only can we demonstrate our life skills, but also we can appreciate the life from a new angle.
通过这项活动，我们不仅可以展示我们的生活技能，而且我们还可以从一个新的角度来欣赏生活。
During the walk, not only did we breathe the fresh air but also appreciated the fantastic surrounding views.
在散步的过程中，我们不仅呼吸了新鲜空气，而且欣赏了周围的美景。
(3)在so/such ...that ...结构中，当so/such ...位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。
In the Forest Park, so attractive was the landscape that all our stress was relieved.
在森林公园里，风景如此迷人，我们的压力都减轻了。
1.（2025·河南省新乡市名校高三联考）As a sports lover, my favorite Olympic event is undoubtedly table tennis, ____________________________________________________（它结合了速度、策略和精确度）.
【答案】which combines speed, strategy and precision
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：作为一个体育爱好者，我最喜欢的奥运项目无疑是乒乓球，它结合了速度、策略和精确度。
2.（2025·河南省新乡市名校高三联考）It’s a sport that can be played anywhere, from a school gym to a community center,__________________________________________________（使它非常适合我积极的生活方式） .
【答案】 making it a perfect fit for my active lifestyle
【解析】考查现在分词短语作状语。句意：这是一项可以在任何地方进行的运动，从学校的健身房到社区中心，使它非常适合我积极的生活方式。
3.（2025·内蒙古自治区赤峰市高三期中）Arriving on time __________________________________________________（使它非常适合我积极的生活方式）.
【答案】not only shows respect for the players but also allows you to catch every moment of the action from the start
【解析】考查并列句。句意：准时到达不仅是对球员的尊重，而且可以让你从一开始就抓住比赛的每一刻。
4．（2025·陕西省榆林市高三期中）Additionally, _________________________________________________（同样重要的是） is that we should endeavor to use the English as often as possible, _________________________________________________（因为这将加深我们的熟悉度和理解力）.
【答案】what is equally important；since it will deepen our familiarity and understanding
【解析】考查主语从句和状语从句。句意：此外，同样重要的是，我们应该努力尽可能多地使用英语，因为这将加深我们的熟悉度和理解力。
5．（2025·陕西省榆林市高三期中）____________________（这就是我的看法） concerning learning English efficiently.
【答案】Such is my opinion
【解析】考查倒装句。句意：这就是我对有效学习英语的看法。
考点四 考查快速理解长难句
1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空) The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
【解析】句型分析：主句+非谓语（retracing）+定语从句（先行词为the Silk Route）
【句意】“玻璃屋”是当代设计的一个伟大成果，容纳了来自中国西南部的植物。建筑位于公园内一条小路的末端，这条小路追溯了丝路沿线，各种植物品种正是沿此线从其亚洲原生地来到英国，并由此定义了英国园艺的丰富性。
2.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空) Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
分析：
【解析】本句是一个主从复合句。主句为the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road…，by which是“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词the ancient Silk Road。
【句意】此外，温室周围的丝绸之路花园将带领游客体验受古丝绸之路影响的旅程，丝绸和许多植物物种就是通过这条丝绸之路首次来到英国的。
3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C篇)She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
【解析】本句是一个主从复合句。She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic; making for ... as AI是非谓语短语作伴随状语，其中嵌人两个which引导的定语从句，都修饰先行词guide。
【句意】她从商业人士(而非学者)的实用角度出发，使得这本指南通俗易懂、内容丰富，读完之后，你会觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。
4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读理解D篇)In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.
【解析】本句为but连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中包含一个限制性定语从句that powers AI，修饰先行词the computer code。
【句意】这本书如果落入不当之手，可能会像人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，Campbell拥有二十多年的专业经验，可以将枯燥的内容转化为通俗易懂的内容。
5. (2024全国甲卷阅读理解D篇)He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome.
【解析】本句是一个主从复合句。句中that I wanted for the characters、that were right for the characters和that satisfied the story均是定语从句，均修饰各自前面的endings; even if引导让步状语从句;He suggested I think about ...中，suggest意为“建议”其后的宾语从句中用should+动词原形表示虚拟语气，think前省略了should。
【句意】他建议我思考我想要的角色结局和适合角色的结局之间的区别，即满足故事需要的结局，即使这些结局不是传统意义上的美满结局。
Tips：找谓语，定主语，定主干，去枝叶；找连词，定逻辑。
依托前面所讲的句子成分和句子种类，按照上述方法，即可抽丝剥茧，简化复杂的句式为简单句，然后依据词义和词性进行理解即可。
长难句的分析方法：
方法一 找谓语，抓主干
一般情况下，我们可以根据谓语来确定其主语。而且,如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语时,则该句可能是并列句或复合句(并列谓语的情况除外)。
方法二 提主干，去枝叶
一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。提炼出句子主干，就能把握句子的核心意义。
方法三 找连词，明逻辑
一些长句有时是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。我们找准这些关联词，就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系,弄清楚主句的意义和各从句的意义,长句就容易理解了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中常见的关联词熟记于心。
方法四 看搭配，防分离
有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。考生若不受分隔现象的干扰，就会看清句子的本来面目，对句意的理解就不会发生偏差。
常见的造成长难句类型：
1. 主语被一个定语从句或者同位语从句修饰；
① Students who go abroad for further study often should have the ability to live independently. 这个句子的主语中心语是students, 主语之后是一个定语从句。
② Reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London. 这个句子的主语中心语是reports, 中心语之后又嵌套了一个同谓语从句，这个句子的特殊之处在于，由于主语部分太长，为了平衡句子，把整个句子的谓语放在了主语部分之前，主语的中心语之后。
2.宾语被一个定语从句或者同位语从句修饰；
① I cherish the dream that one day I will be amply and justifiably rewarded as long as I work ceaselessly. 这个句子的宾语中心语是dream，宾语中心与之后跟的是一个同谓语从句。这个句子希望成为每一位读者的信条。
3.其他成分里带上从句
① They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.
句子主干是：They surveyed several hundred park-goers；asking them ... nature in the park作伴随状语；伴随状语中 they had with nature in the park 是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词interaction。
翻译：他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在线提交一份书面总结，描述一下他们在公园里与大自然进行的一次有意义的互动。
② Scientists have assumed that if life exists on Venus, this cloud deck(云盖) is likely the only place where it would survive.
此句话整体结构是一个that引导的宾语从句，而从句也是由复合句组成，即条件状语从句+主句。
翻译：科学家们假设，如果金星上存在生命，那么这个云层可能是它唯一能生存的地方。
4.增加状语修饰主句谓语动词或者修饰整个句子；
① Reconstructed with the aid of the money and enthusiasm of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Colonial Williamsburg is not only a brilliant example of an American style in historical monuments. 这个句子分词做状语，真正的主干是逗号之后的部分。
② But a recent discovery of traces of a gas in the clouds of Venus has excited astronomers, as it may serve as a potential sign of life.
这个句子as引导状语从句，真正的主干是逗号之前的部分。
翻译：但是最近在金星云中发现的一种气体让天文学家们兴奋不已，因为它可能是生命的潜在迹象。
5.插入语。
插入语往往是对句子中的某一个词，某一个概念做一个补充说明。插入语的位置比较灵活，但它有明显的标志：即用两个逗号隔开或者两个破折号隔开；在理解这些插入成分时，可以把两个破折号/逗号之间的内容先忽略，或者把前后两个破折号（或逗号）当作括号，先理解两个破折号/逗号前后的内容。
① What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness" — protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.
解析： What motivated him,（主语从句部分）we were to understand,（插入语）was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"（主句部分）— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.（同位语解释说明主句部分）
② Paul of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, argues the true enemies of science are those who question the evidence supporting global warming. 其中we were to understand,是插入语，通常先翻译，放到句首。翻译为：“我们要明白”。
③Can deception—pretending that something is true when it is not—sometimes have good results
这个句子在主语和谓语之间插入了一部份内容，它客观上影响了句子的理解。这一部分插入语的作用是对主语做出了进一步的解释。
1.（2024新课标I卷阅读理解C篇）The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
【解析】本句是一个主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句，其中like identifying the main idea in a reading passage和such as drawing inferences from a text分别补充说明simple tasks和ones that require mental abstraction。
【句意】纸质阅读的好处尤其突显在实验者从简单任务——比如识别阅读文章的主旨——转向需要思维抽象的任务时——比如从文本中推断出信息。
2. （2024新课标I卷阅读理解C篇）According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
【解析】本句是一个主从复合句。suited to social media作后置定语修饰mindset, which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词social media，and连接主句并列的谓语approach和devote。
【句意】根据这一理论，人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少。
3. （2024新课标I卷阅读理解D篇）These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens, and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know：Are they usable
【解析】本句是一个并列复合句。前半句中的that作关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词the primary data ; 后半句中的since引导原因状语从句，how引导宾语从句作investigate的宾语。
【句意】现在，这些观察结果的数量超过了来自实物标本的原始数据，而由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：这些观察数据可靠吗
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题06 句子成分、基本句型和长难句分析
目录
01考情透视·目标导航 2
02知识导图·思维引航 3
03考点突破·考向探究 4
考点一 在语法填空中考查句子成分 4
【真题研析】 4
【核心精讲】 5
【命题预测】 6
考点二 在写作中考查英语常用句型 7
【真题研析】 7
【核心精讲】 8
【命题预测】 11
考点三 考查写作中的高级句式 11
【真题研析】 11
【核心精讲】 12
【命题预测】 20
考点四 考查快速理解长难句 21
【真题研析】 21
【核心精讲】 22
【命题预测】 24
句子成分、基本句型和长难句分析
考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析
在语法填空中考查句子成分 熟练掌握构成句子的基本成分及每种成分对应的词 历年高考语法填空中都考 从高考试题来看，有关句子成分、基本句型和长难句知识和能力无处不在，从阅读理解到写作都离不开解析分析，长难句理解，高级句型表达。分析长难句的能力是解决阅读理解的关键，分析句子成分是语法填空的基础，高级句式的表达是写作成功的保障。 预计在2025年高考中，有关句子成分、基本句型和长难句知识必考。
考查英语常用句型 熟练掌握英语常用的几种句型，这是写句子的基础 历年高考写作范文和语篇中都有体现
考查写作中的高级句式 掌握英语写作中高级句式的表达方法和手段 历年英语高分作文的必备条件
考查快速理解长难句 快速理解长难句是高效完成阅读理解的保证，掌握长难句的特征，快速理解句意 历年英语阅读理解中必考
考点一 在语法填空中考查句子成分
1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65 (rich) of gardening in England.
【答案】
【解析】
2．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common ___37___ (theme)in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
【答案】
【解析】
3．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective 57 (function) structure that is also beautiful.
【答案】
【解析】
4.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)In cold weather, the structure stays 59 (close) to protect the plants.
【答案】
【解析】
高考语法填空是在语篇中考查句子成分，做题时，我们只有分析清楚了空中要填的词在句子中作什么成分，我们才能断定用什么词进而写出正确的词形或填出恰当的连词。
掌握八大句子成分
1.主语
可以作主语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句、疑问词＋不定式等。it可以作形式主语。
It is important to make use of the time in class.充分利用课堂上的时间很重要。
2.谓语
不及物动词后不能直接接宾语，不能用于被动语态，及物动词后可直接接宾语，可用于被动语态；还要注意谓语动词的时态。
Besides, I was previously trained in a sports training center, which makes me strong enough to be a volunteer.
此外，我以前在体育中心受过培训，这使得我身体足够强壮可以当志愿者。
3.宾语
可以作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句、疑问词＋不定式等。it可以作形式宾语。动词和介词后都可以接宾语。
All of the students were absorbed in what the teacher said and took notes carefully during the class.课上，所有的学生都认真听讲并且做笔记。
4.表语
放在系动词之后；可以作表语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、从句、疑问词＋不定式。
I'm sociable, easygoing and good at communicating with others.我喜欢交际、为人随和、善于与人交流。
常见系动词有：be, become, get, grow, turn, go, sound, taste, look, feel, smell, stay, keep, remain, seem, appear等。
5.定语
可以作定语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、定语从句等。
With their heavy burdens removed, students can then keep in normal mental health.去除繁重的负担，学生才可以保持正常的心理健康。
6.状语
可以作状语的有形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、状语从句。状语可以表示原因、让步、条件、目的、结果、伴随、方式、时间、地点、比较等。
To make our city green, we decided to plant more trees and protect them.为了绿化城市，我们决定多植树并保护它们。
7.宾语补足语
说明宾语的性质、特征等。可以作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、非谓语动词等。
Sports teach us to be considerate, cooperative and optimistic.运动教会了我们体谅、合作和乐观。
8.同位语
当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，它们被称为同位语。同理，当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外，还可以表示部分意义。
①He told me that his brother John is a world famous doctor.(同位语与其同位成分关系紧密时，不用逗号隔开)
他告诉我，他哥哥约翰是一位世界闻名的医生。
②Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr James. (同位语只起补充解释作用时，同位语与其同位成分之间可用逗号隔开)
昨天我与我的英语老师詹姆斯先生谈过了。
③He is interested in sports, especially ball games. (同位语表示其同位成分的部分意义)
他喜欢运动，特别是球类运动。
1.（2025·安徽省江淮十校高三第二次联考）Tight as a thread, seamless (无缝的) as a seal, and coupled like yin and yang, sunmao structures have for centuries been providing strong and lasting supports for Chinese wooden architecture.
Usually, large components of wooden architecture are pieced together using these structures. The sun and the mao, when joined together, both support and contain the neighbouring parts. This enhances (stable) and adds flexibility to the architecture.
【答案】
【解析】
2.（2025·吉林省长春市高三质量监测（一））Dating all the way back to the ancient Zhou Dynasty of China, the sport of jianzi was mainly played among Chinese youth as a (create) way to exercise. It is believed that the fundamental gameplay and style came from a football-like game (name) cuju.
【答案】
【解析】
【答案】
【解析】
3.（2025·四川省宜宾市高三一诊）The courtyard, called the Guan， is known as a local culture museum now along the Beijing Central Axis, which was (official) inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List this July.
【答案】
【解析】
考点二 在写作中考查英语常用句型
分析下列范文中的句子类型
1.(2024 新高考Ⅰ卷·应用文范文) Being outdoors, I realized, greatly influences and enhances my artistic expression.
【答案】句型：
【解析】
2. (2024年1月新高考浙江卷) It’s not only a fun activity but also a great way to improve cardiovascular health and coordination.
【答案】句型：
【解析】
3. (2024·浙江浙里卷天下高三百校联考)The trip has provided the children with unforgettable visual experiences.
【答案】句型：
【解析】
4.（2025·山东省泰安市肥城市摸底）Our class held a themed class meeting titled “Striving Achieves Dreams” yesterday.
【答案】句型：
【解析】
5.（2024·天津卷）I feel it a privilege to address an issue that concerns us all—our commitment to a low-carbon campus.
【答案】句型：
【解析】
句子的基本构型——八大基本句型
句型1 主语＋谓语(S V)
归纳：谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完整的意思，后面不需接宾语。
The rain stopped.雨停了。
句型2 主语＋谓语＋状语(S V Ad)
归纳：谓语动词是不及物动词。状语一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、分词或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
The time passed quickly.
时间过得很快。
句型3 主语＋系动词＋表语(S V P)
归纳：系动词不能表达一个完整的意思，后面必须加上一个表明主语身份、特征、性质、状态等的表语。
My sister is a nurse. 我姐姐是个护士。
系动词除了be动词之外，还有：
①表示感官的动词：feel, look, smell, taste, sound等；
②表示似乎、好像的动词：seem, appear等；
③表示状态延续的动词：remain, stay, keep等；
④表示转变、变化的动词：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow等；
⑤表示终止性结果的动词：prove, turn out。
I feel quite happy.我感觉很开心。
句型4 主语＋谓语＋宾语(S V O)
归纳：谓语动词是及物动词，表达的意思不完整，其后必须要接一个宾语，即动作的承受者。作宾语的可以是：名词、代词、动名词、不定式、疑问词＋不定式、宾语从句等。
①I love these types of books.
我爱读这些种类的书籍。
②I know how to solve the problem.
我知道如何解决这个问题。
句型5 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(S V O Ad)
归纳：有时宾语后会接副词、介词短语、不定式、分词等作状语。
①I like to stay at home on Sundays.
星期天我喜欢待在家里。
②He turned his head around to look at the child.
他扭头看向那个孩子。
句型6 主语＋谓语＋间宾＋直宾(S V IO DO)
归纳：谓语动词后接有两个宾语，这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者，其中指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时，其前通常需要加介词for或to。
①I gave him a birthday gift.
我送给他一个生日礼物。
②He bought a new coat for me.
他给我买了一件新外套。
宾语较长时，常跟双宾语的动词：①需借助于to的动词：bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write等；②需借助于for的动词：buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。
句型7 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S V O C)
归纳：谓语动词后虽然已有一个宾语，但意思还不完整，必须再加上另外一个成分(即宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词、疑问词＋不定式等。
①The news made us very excited.
那个消息令我们非常兴奋。
②The teacher asked us to answer the question.
老师叫我们回答那个问题。
宾语较长时，用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的结构。即：“主语＋谓语＋it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”。it作形式宾语，通常和下列动词连用：consider, think, make, find, believe, feel, guess, imagine, judge, prove, see, suppose, take等。
I think it hard to get along with her.
我觉得很难和她相处。
句型8 There be结构
【归纳总结】There be ... 意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。There be ... 属于倒装结构，后面的名词是句子的主语。There be中的be有时可以用lie, exist, stand, happen to be, used to be, seem to be, appear to be等代替。
①There are two people waiting outside.
有两个人正在外面等候。
②There happened to be nobody around.
碰巧周围没有人。
分析下列范文中的句子类型
1.（2025·甘肃省天水市高三联考） It is a truly unique opportunity to learn something, help others and enjoy yourself.
【答案】句型：
【解析】
2.（2025·重庆市沙坪坝区重庆市第八中学校高三期中）Many of my classmates, including myself, have started making positive changes in our daily routines.
【答案】句型：
【解析】
3.（2025·福州市八县（市）协作校高三上联考）I really enjoyed the lesson because it felt satisfying to make something delicious with my own hands.
【答案】句型：
【解析】
考点三 考查写作中的高级句式（完成句子）
考查写作中的高级句式（完成句子）
1．（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·应用文） ____________________________________（我从未感到）so inspired and invigorated by this memorable experience.
【答案】
2.（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·应用文） _____________________________（最让我印象深刻）was how this experience allowed me to notice some minute details, ones that often go unnoticed.
【答案】
3.(2024年1月·浙江卷) Rope skipping can be both an individual and a group activity, ____________________________________________________________（鼓励学生之间的参与和互动）.
【答案】 e
4.(2024·全国高考甲卷) The introduction of high-speed trains has dramatically shortened travel times, ____________________________________________________________（使城际旅行更快、更舒适）.
【答案】
5.（2024 天津卷）Despite our continuous efforts, we still witness phenomena ____________________________________________________________（与低碳生活原则相矛盾）, such as excessive use of disposable items and wasteful consumption of water and electricity.
【答案】
书面表达能力是高考英语的核心素养之一。英语写作能力是指学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，特别是在真实语境中传递与沟通信息、再现生活经历、表达观点、意图和情感的能力，要在发展语言技能的同时，提高发现问题和解决问题、批判和创新的能力。
但是书面表达的核心问题是：学生能够写出自然、流畅和高水平的句子来表达自己的情感和态度，记述事情的经过，阐述自己的观点，清晰说明事物的特点或某种现象。所以提高学生的词句写作能力是提高学生写作能力的根本。通过一轮复习学生有了一些基本的造句能力，也积累了一些经典句子，二轮复习要通过一些技巧系统、综合提升他们的写作表达能力。
这里我们总结三种提高词句表达能力的技巧。一、打开思维、发挥想象、增加细节---让句子表达丰富多彩；二、学会运用高级词汇--让句子表达有深度和高度；三、学会运用高级句式--让句子表达语出惊人。
1、打开思维、发挥想象、增加细节---让句子表达丰富多彩
考生写作时可以通过增加修饰成分及举例等手段来打开思维，适当增加相关细节内容。主要有以下几种方法帮助你扩展句子，写出内容充实的文章。有时可以同时用到多个方法增加细节，使内容表示的更丰富。
技巧（一）增加定语成分
1．增加定语从句
例1 我知道我们的校报正在为明年12月举行的科技节收集英文口号，所以我写信是为了推荐我的口号。（增加定语从句，补充详细而具体的内容）
Knowing that our school newspaper is collecting English slogans for the Science&Technology Festival to be held in December, I’m writing to recommend mine, which I believe can fully reveal the theme.
例2 任何人都可以在2月25日前在304房间注册。所以不要错过最后期限！（增加定语从句让简单句变高级句型，让内容丰富，尽显英语功底）
Anyone who is interested in it can sign up in Room 304 before Feb. 25. So don’t miss the deadline!
例3 此外，世界名人的故事也很吸引我。（增加定语从句使表达更丰富）
Besides, the stories of world-famous people are also attractive to me, which help me learn a lot from them.
例4 你最好在课前充分准备，简要了解唐代历史。（增加定语从句使表达更圆满）
You'd better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, which helps you learn more about traditional Chinese culture.
2．增加介词短语作定语
例1 我只是把它们放在脸盆里。（增加介词短语作定语让表达更具体，尽显高中英语语言功底）
I just put them in the basin full of water.
例2 她是个女孩。（增加介词短语作定语让表达更具体，尽显高中英语语言功底）
She is a girl with a pair of black eyes and lovely dimples on her round face.
3．增加具体的形容词作定语
王老师是个好老师。（增加形容词作定语让表达更具体）
Mr. Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher.
4．综合使用定语（体会一下句子的表达是不是内容更具体，更丰富，更好了啊）
例1 Mr. Wang is a good teacher.→Mr. Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher who knows how to enlighten us students.
例2 I rode to Park yesterday→I, together with Tom and Jerry, rode to Zhongshan Park yesterday, feeling rather excited.
技巧（二） 增加状语成分
1．增加动词-ing形式作状语
例句1：欢迎参加并对影片提出意见。
What's more, every one of you will be welcome to participate in it, enjoying movie, having a heated discussion afterwards and giving your own comments.
例句2：我想和你分享毕业典礼活动细节。
Knowing you're interested in our coming graduation activity, I would like to share the details with you.
2．增加with复合结构作状语
例句：表达希望
With the Chinese Culture Communicating Event approaching, I do hope you can have a better knowledge of Chinese tea.
3．增加目的状语
例句1：我们学校今天在表演中心举行了一场音乐会。
In order to enrich the life of teachers and students as well as welcome the coming of Spring Festival, our school held a concert in the performance center today.
例句2：想试一试的请速报名。
Whoever wants to have a try, please sign up quickly so that you don't miss the chance of being the winner.
4．增加结果状语
例句1：我们可以在当地的护理社区度过周末，提供帮助，比如做一些清洁工作，或者和他们聊天。
We can spend weekends in the local nursing community, offering help like doing some cleaning, or chatting with them so that they won’t feel lonely.
例句2：将安排一系列与环保相关的讲座。
A series of lectures related to environmental protection will be arranged, thus arousing people's awareness of living a low-carbon life.
5．增加原因状语
例句：我从小就梦想当一名老师。
I have dreamed of being a teacher since I was a child, because I think teaching is a sacred profession.
6．增加方式状语 by doing ...
例句：但是，我们许多人都忽略了良好生活习惯的重要性。
However, many of us ignore the importance of good living habits by eating junk food and staying up late.
技巧（三）通过列举具体的实例来补充说明
1．such as .../like ...
例句：其次，带一个小礼物是个好主意。
Second, it is a good idea to bring a small gift, such as a bunch of flowers or a box of chocolate if they have young children.
2．for example/instance
例句：如今，我们中的一些人在校园里已经养成了一些坏习惯。
Nowadays, some of us have formed some bad habits on campus.For instance, some students leave the lights on in the daytime; some leave much food on the table after eating.
3. ...as well as ...
例句：这项活动一定会帮助我们反思高中三年的学校生活。
The activity will surely help us reflect on the three years' senior high school life as well as look forward to a better journey in the future.
技巧（四）增加个人感受、评价、希望等
1．增加个人感受
例句：虽然这个暑假我觉得很累，但我为我所做的事情感到很高兴。
Although I was very tired this summer holiday，I felt very happy for what I did because I got a knowledge of farming experience.
2．增加评价
例句：我想这样的活动是必要的且有意义的。
I think such activities are necessary and meaningful, from which I learn that we should help people who are in trouble if possible.
3．增加希望
例句：我坚信这是我一生中最难忘的午餐。
I hold the firm belief that it was the most unforgettable lunch in my life, because it made me enjoy the pleasure of labor.
4．增加倡议
例句：我从这次经历中学到爱护和保护我们的社区是我们的责任。
What I learnt from this experience is that it is our duty to love and protect our community.So the Chairman of our school suggests our school hold a series of activities to call on students to take action to do it.
2、学会运用高级词汇--让句子表达有深度和高度
评分标准第五档次的要求中提到，“词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”。高级词汇就像一颗颗耀眼的明珠，为作文增添光彩，从而使考生稳拿高分。
技巧（一）使用具体化单词，让表达更生动形象。
所谓词义具体化原则，是指写作中尽量避免使用意义宽泛、笼统的表达，而要根据语境使用具体生动的词。
So good do they look that I think you could be interested in them.
→So attractive and alive do they look that I think you could be interested in them.
技巧（二）高级词汇优先
为了表现自己的语言功底，吸引阅卷老师的眼球，尽量用高年级阶段学到的高级词汇代替低年级阶段学到的词汇。
Eventually, I want to know which aspects of traditional Chinese culture arouse your curiosity most.
→Eventually, I am strongly eager to know which aspects of traditional Chinese culture arouse your curiosity most.(2021·全国甲作文)
技巧（三）短语优先原则
用短语代替不仅会使文章增加亮点，而且如果关键时刻思维短路，用短语凑词数也是一个很好的选择。
1．形容词变短语的方法：of＋同根名词
Furthermore, guzheng is very significant to Chinese folk music leading you to a fantastic world of music.
→Furthermore, guzheng is of great significance to Chinese folk music leading you to a fantastic world of music.
2．动词变短语的方法：同义短语替换
know/realize→be aware of
help sb→give sb a hand/do sb a favour
use→make (good/full) use of/take advantage of
understand→figure out/make sense of
If anyone helps you, you should express your sincere gratitude to him or her.
→If anyone gives you a hand, you should express your sincere gratitude to him or her.
3、 学会运用高级句式--让句子表达语出惊人
精彩句式的合理使用会使文章读起来抑扬顿挫。固定句式(如with复合结构、强调句型等)、定语从句、动词-ing短语等都属于较复杂的语法结构。这些结构的正确使用，可以使文章的语言充满层次感，从而较好地反映出作者的语言运用能力。
技巧（一）学会使用非谓语动词、介词短语等增强句子的表现力
1．运用介词短语
In the Spring Festival of 2024, many people chose to spend the Spring Festival in cities where they worked instead of returning to their hometowns to reduce the pressure of the traffic.(介词短语作状语)
在2024年的春节上，许多人选择在他们工作的城市度过春节，而不是回到家乡，以减少交通压力。
2．运用动词不定式短语
On arrival at the nursing home, my classmates and I visited the elderly in groups and gave presents to them to show our respect and love for them. (动词不定式短语作目的状语)
一到养老院，我就和同学们一起去看望老人，并给他们送礼物，以表达我们对他们的尊重和爱。
Such an activity can provide us students with a chance to take part in social activities and help those in need.(动词不定式短语作定语)
这样的活动可以为我们的学生提供一个机会来参加社会活动，并帮助那些有需要的人。
3．运用分词短语
Youth covers a wide variety of topics to attract senior students, leading us into the outer world.(动词-ing短语作状语)
《青春》题材广泛，吸引高年级学生，带领我们走进外面的世界。
On arriving at the farm located in the suburb of our city, the sea of vegetables came into our sight, which included cucumbers, tomatoes and so on.(过去分词短语作定语)
一到位于我们城郊的农场，蔬菜的海洋就映入我们的眼帘，有黄瓜、西红柿等。
技巧（二）学会使用并列句
一、并列关系常用句型或词语
both...and...既……又……，not only...but (also)...不但……而且……，neither...nor...既不……也不……，when...这时……，and和，as well as和；又
①（2024·陕西省渭南市高三上学期教学质量检测一模）It not only taught me how to care for people in need, but let me experience the pleasure of helping others.
它不仅教会了我如何照顾有需要的人，而且也让我体验到帮助别人的乐趣。
②[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，写作]I sincerely hope that Youth can make new progress and that more readers will share their own stories.
我衷心希望《青年报》再创辉煌，让更多的读者分享自己的故事。
③As far as I know, it is neither too hot nor too cold in winter in Shanghai.
据我所知，上海的冬天既不太热也不太冷。
二、选择关系常用句型或词语
either...or...或者……或者……，not...but...不是……而是……，or或者，otherwise 否则
①If you're interested in it, you may either send an email to 12345@ or sign up in person.
如果你对它感兴趣，可以发邮件到12345@ 或者亲自报名。
②In my opinion, the son refuses to communicate with his parents not because he has no time but because he is unwilling to.
在我看来，儿子拒绝与父母沟通不是因为他没有时间，而是因为他不愿意。
三、转折关系常用词语
but但是，however 然而，while 然而
①[2021·全国乙卷]I knew my lines, but I was terrified to have to recite them in front of an audience.
我知道我的台词，但我很害怕要在观众面前背诵。
②My friend John takes a positive attitude towards life while his sister doesn't.
我的朋友约翰对生活采取积极的态度，而他的妹妹却不是。
四、因果关系常用词语
for因为，so 因此，therefore 因此
[2020·浙江卷7月]I'm wondering whether you have recovered from your sickness. Therefore, I am writing to you to show my concern for your health.
我想知道你病好了没有。 因此，我写信给你是为了表达我对你健康的关心。
技巧（三）学会使用主从复合句提升句子级别
1．as和which引导的非限制性定语从句
定语从句有多种形式，引导词也有若干，但最容易掌握、最常运用的是as和which引导的非限制性定语从句。
(1)表达“正如……”这一含义时，我们常用as引导的非限制性定语从句，它常放在主句之前，有时也可放在主句之中或主句之后。常见的句式有：
·As we all know .../As is known to all ...
众所周知……
·As the famous saying goes ...
正如名言所说……
As we all know, our friends lend us a helping hand when we need help and they help us get through difficult situations.
众所周知，在我们需要帮助的时候，我们的朋友会伸出援手，并且他们会帮助我们渡过困境。
(2)which引导的非限制性定语从句
which在引导非限制性定语从句时，可以指代某个单词，也可以代指整个主句，在从句中可以作主语或宾语。
To introduce traditional Chinese culture, our school will hold a theme class meeting, which will be exhibited on the English website.
为了介绍中国传统文化，我们学校将举办一场主题班会，并在英语网站上展示。
2．what和that引导的名词性从句
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其中what、 that所引导的名词性从句是写作中常见的高级表达方式。what在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，而that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。
I sincerely hope that Youth can make new progress and that more readers will participate in the interaction and share their own stories.
我真心希望《青春》能有新的进步，更多的读者参与互动，并分享自己的故事。
What you told me about your country broadened my horizons and inspired my interest in foreign culture.(主语从句)
你告诉我的关于你的国家的事情开阔了我的视野，并激发了我对外国文化的兴趣。
技巧（四）学会使用特殊句式
1．强调句
强调句的使用是为了突出强调句子的某一部分，它是一种比较容易掌握的高级表达方式。其构成：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。
(2022·全国乙卷)From my perspective, whatever method we choose, it is our inner interest and enthusiasm that allow us to make brilliant progress in English.(强调句)
从我的角度来看，无论我们选择什么方法，是我们内在的兴趣和热情让我们在英语上取得辉煌的进步。
2．倒装句
在写作中倒装句应用比较广泛，涉及的句型也比较多，包括部分倒装和完全倒装。常见的有：
(1)“only＋状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
(2021·全国乙卷)In conclusion, only by being smart online learners can we truly enjoy the benefits of modern technology.
总之，只有成为明智的在线学习者，我们才能真正地享受现代技术的好处。
(2)none、 neither、 nor、 not、 never、 hardly、 little、 seldom等否定词，以及由no或者not构成的否定短语，如not only ...but also ...、 at no time、 by no means等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
Through this activity, not only can we demonstrate our life skills, but also we can appreciate the life from a new angle.
通过这项活动，我们不仅可以展示我们的生活技能，而且我们还可以从一个新的角度来欣赏生活。
During the walk, not only did we breathe the fresh air but also appreciated the fantastic surrounding views.
在散步的过程中，我们不仅呼吸了新鲜空气，而且欣赏了周围的美景。
(3)在so/such ...that ...结构中，当so/such ...位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。
In the Forest Park, so attractive was the landscape that all our stress was relieved.
在森林公园里，风景如此迷人，我们的压力都减轻了。
1.（2025·河南省新乡市名校高三联考）As a sports lover, my favorite Olympic event is undoubtedly table tennis, ____________________________________________________（它结合了速度、策略和精确度）.
【答案】
2.（2025·河南省新乡市名校高三联考）It’s a sport that can be played anywhere, from a school gym to a community center,__________________________________________________（使它非常适合我积极的生活方式） .
【答案】
3.（2025·内蒙古自治区赤峰市高三期中）Arriving on time __________________________________________________（使它非常适合我积极的生活方式）.
【答案】
4．（2025·陕西省榆林市高三期中）Additionally, _________________________________________________（同样重要的是） is that we should endeavor to use the English as often as possible, _________________________________________________（因为这将加深我们的熟悉度和理解力）.
【答案】
5．（2025·陕西省榆林市高三期中）____________________（这就是我的看法） concerning learning English efficiently.
【答案】
考点四 考查快速理解长难句
1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空) The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
【解析】句型分析：
【句意】
2.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·语法填空) Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
分析：
【解析】
【句意】
3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C篇)She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
【解析】
【句意】
4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·阅读理解D篇)In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.
【解析】
【句意】
5. (2024全国甲卷阅读理解D篇)He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome.
【解析】
【句意】
Tips：找谓语，定主语，定主干，去枝叶；找连词，定逻辑。
依托前面所讲的句子成分和句子种类，按照上述方法，即可抽丝剥茧，简化复杂的句式为简单句，然后依据词义和词性进行理解即可。
长难句的分析方法：
方法一 找谓语，抓主干
一般情况下，我们可以根据谓语来确定其主语。而且,如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语时,则该句可能是并列句或复合句(并列谓语的情况除外)。
方法二 提主干，去枝叶
一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。提炼出句子主干，就能把握句子的核心意义。
方法三 找连词，明逻辑
一些长句有时是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。我们找准这些关联词，就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系,弄清楚主句的意义和各从句的意义,长句就容易理解了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中常见的关联词熟记于心。
方法四 看搭配，防分离
有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。考生若不受分隔现象的干扰，就会看清句子的本来面目，对句意的理解就不会发生偏差。
常见的造成长难句类型：
1. 主语被一个定语从句或者同位语从句修饰；
① Students who go abroad for further study often should have the ability to live independently. 这个句子的主语中心语是students, 主语之后是一个定语从句。
② Reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London. 这个句子的主语中心语是reports, 中心语之后又嵌套了一个同谓语从句，这个句子的特殊之处在于，由于主语部分太长，为了平衡句子，把整个句子的谓语放在了主语部分之前，主语的中心语之后。
2.宾语被一个定语从句或者同位语从句修饰；
① I cherish the dream that one day I will be amply and justifiably rewarded as long as I work ceaselessly. 这个句子的宾语中心语是dream，宾语中心与之后跟的是一个同谓语从句。这个句子希望成为每一位读者的信条。
3.其他成分里带上从句
① They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.
句子主干是：They surveyed several hundred park-goers；asking them ... nature in the park作伴随状语；伴随状语中 they had with nature in the park 是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词interaction。
翻译：他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在线提交一份书面总结，描述一下他们在公园里与大自然进行的一次有意义的互动。
② Scientists have assumed that if life exists on Venus, this cloud deck(云盖) is likely the only place where it would survive.
此句话整体结构是一个that引导的宾语从句，而从句也是由复合句组成，即条件状语从句+主句。
翻译：科学家们假设，如果金星上存在生命，那么这个云层可能是它唯一能生存的地方。
4.增加状语修饰主句谓语动词或者修饰整个句子；
① Reconstructed with the aid of the money and enthusiasm of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Colonial Williamsburg is not only a brilliant example of an American style in historical monuments. 这个句子分词做状语，真正的主干是逗号之后的部分。
② But a recent discovery of traces of a gas in the clouds of Venus has excited astronomers, as it may serve as a potential sign of life.
这个句子as引导状语从句，真正的主干是逗号之前的部分。
翻译：但是最近在金星云中发现的一种气体让天文学家们兴奋不已，因为它可能是生命的潜在迹象。
5.插入语。
插入语往往是对句子中的某一个词，某一个概念做一个补充说明。插入语的位置比较灵活，但它有明显的标志：即用两个逗号隔开或者两个破折号隔开；在理解这些插入成分时，可以把两个破折号/逗号之间的内容先忽略，或者把前后两个破折号（或逗号）当作括号，先理解两个破折号/逗号前后的内容。
① What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness" — protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.
解析： What motivated him,（主语从句部分）we were to understand,（插入语）was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"（主句部分）— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.（同位语解释说明主句部分）
② Paul of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, argues the true enemies of science are those who question the evidence supporting global warming. 其中we were to understand,是插入语，通常先翻译，放到句首。翻译为：“我们要明白”。
③Can deception—pretending that something is true when it is not—sometimes have good results
这个句子在主语和谓语之间插入了一部份内容，它客观上影响了句子的理解。这一部分插入语的作用是对主语做出了进一步的解释。
1.（2024新课标I卷阅读理解C篇）The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
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2. （2024新课标I卷阅读理解C篇）According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
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3. （2024新课标I卷阅读理解D篇）These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens, and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know：Are they usable
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