专题09 定语从句
目录 01 模拟基础练（单句语法填空） 【题型】定语从句考点综合练（最新模拟） 02 重难创新练（语法填空） 03 真题实战练
定语从句考点综合练（最新模拟）
1.（2025·吉林省普通高中高三一模）Ancient Africans were pioneers of early civilization, 39 can be proved with the evidence that early African societies excelled in fields such as engineering, mathematics, writing even navigation.
2.（2025·云南省保山市高三摸底）Now, it is much easier for passengers to purchase tickets. An online and mobile application ticket system was launched in March last year, enables Internet-based ticket sales and supports payment methods such as WeChat, Alipay, UnionPay and VISA．
3.（2025·浙江Z20名校联盟高三第一次联考）This way, even the positive environment conditioned by the large market readily available is incapable of overcoming the new situation. Thus, the Indian movie industry’s further development solely depends on domestic companies’ capability to cooperate with western filmmakers, 65 will facilitate the promotion of a product appealing to diverse audiences.
4.（2025·湖北省腾云联盟高三联考）The 1,035-kilometer railway, 39 is a flagship project under the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative, connects Kunming, the capital of Southwest China’s Yunnan province, with the Laotian capital, Vientiane.
5.（2025·海南省海口市高三摸底）Also called the Double Fifth Festival, the festival, ___37___ falls on June 7 this year, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar.
6.（2025·安徽省芜湖市第一中学教学质量诊断）Traditional Chinese aesthetic (美学的) concepts are reflected in the drum playing, pace and formation changes, all of 43 represent distinctive local features.
7.（2025·河南省部分学校高三大联考）Moutai cannot be produced outside Moutai Town. In China, people usually drink Baijiu with lunch or dinner; it depends on what kind of person you are. But it’s always drunk neat. You hold your glass up and say Ganbei, 40 means bottoms up.
8.（2025·重庆巴蜀中学高考适应性月考卷（二））The Panda Ridge habitat 58 the pair will live is four times larger than the previous panda enclosure, the zoo said, and takes cues (仿效) from China’s landscape, with features imitating canyons, mountains and cliffs.
9.（2025·辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟高三月考）The trash takeaway service requires residents to sort their own garbage before it is picked up by workers from Eleme, _____61_____ will definitely dispose of the waste in the correct garbage bins.
10.（2025·广东省汕尾市四校联考高三月考）Compared to their parents,____37____sense of frugality is rooted in memories, frugality among young Chinese is a matter of choice rather than necessity.
11.（2025·广西名校联盟高三适应性检测） began trialing drone delivery in 2016, and Meituan already operates 30 drone delivery routes, ___44___ have handled more than 300,000 orders.
12.（2025·辽宁省辽南协作体高三月考）For instance, Sexy Tea launched Chinese-style Yuenn & Yang Coffee, ____39____struck an instant chord with young people.
13.（2025·安徽省皖南八校高三摸底）Taiwan, China, is where bubble tea (珍珠奶茶) was originally consumed and introduced, and one of the biggest drinkers of bubble tea is Thailand, 39 each person had six cups of bubble tea on average monthly in December 2019.
14.（2025·浙江Z20名校联盟高三第一次联考）Thus, the Indian movie industry’s further development solely depends on domestic companies’ capability to cooperate with western filmmakers, 65 will facilitate the promotion of a product appealing to diverse audiences.
15.（2025·福建省福州第一中学高三质检）“It’s feasible to clean up a river because the water’s flowing,” Ted Steiner, professor of medicine at the University of British Columbia, told Golbal News. “Especially if you’ve got the appropriate volume of water running through the river, things get diluted(稀释) to a point 45 there’s not a whole lot of risk.”
16.（2025·福建省宁德市蕉城区宁德第一中学高三一模）One promising way to do this is to save the energy in the form of hydrogen, 62 can be stored and transported for later use.
17.（2025·广东省深圳市罗湖区高三第一次摸底）Additionally, the emergence of Sora may lead to significant job losses in related industries such as film and television, 43 is a significant social risk that cannot be ignored.
18.（2025·河北省衡水中学第一次综合素养测评）For those who cannot make it to Guanghan, 38 the extensive site of Sanxingdui is located, an immersive exhibition equipped with digital technology, titled Hello Sanxingdui,offers an alternative means to be awed by the magnificence of this Bronze Age culture. It is running at the Longfu Art Museum in Beijing until Feb 29.
语法填空
Passage 1（定语从句考点语篇练）
There was a time 1.__________ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this was the reason 2.__________ my father forced me to join in a 30－day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, 3.__________ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, 4.__________ teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with me face－to－face, from 5.________ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.__________ we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide, 7.__________ encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8.__________ I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through 9.__________ I can memorize a large number of new words. 10.__________ our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, you will conquer English sooner or later.”
Passage 2（定语从句考点语篇练）
（标黄题号为本专题考点）（2025·江苏省南京市六校联合体高三联考）
A “3D rendering (渲染) competition” is a contest 1 participants engage in the process of creating three-dimensional animations 2 means of computer programs. Through techniques such as adding textures, lighting effects, and colors, 3 (compete) are required to freely display their creativity based on a pre-provided video. However, they are not allowed to change the structure of the original video 4 the position of the main character.
The 9th World Rendering Competition, themed “kinetic rush”, challenged participants to create unique animations, based on the 5 (give) video. It has attracted thousands of 3D artists from around the world, receiving a diverse collection of 6 (imagine) entries that are masterfully created.
Among these, the work of Karaok, a 3D artist from Chengdu China stood out and 7 (award) the runner-up. Inspired by 8 Egyptian Paralympic table tennis player, his animation tells the story of an armless boy, who 9 (enthusiastic) pursues his dream of playing ping-pong despite his disabilities. Karaok’s work successfully made it to the top competition, showcasing extraordinary technical competence as well as emotional descriptions. The judges have highly praised this piece, 10 (refer) to it as “a work where every pixel (像素) is perfectly completed, without a single flaw.”
I.单项填空
1. （2019·江苏） 21.We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
2.（2019·天津）】11.Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A. why B. where
C. which D. what
3.（2018·北京）5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A. which B. who
C. as D. that
4.（2018·天津）2. Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
A. whom B. that
C. whose D. her
5.（2018·江苏）23. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
6.（2017·北京卷）31. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
A. that B. as C. where D. when
7.（2017·江苏）28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A. which B. it’s
C. whose D. whom
8.（2017·天津）9. My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
A. that B. whose C. his D. who
9.（2016·北京）22. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
A. whose B. why
C. where D. which
10.（2016·江苏）23.Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those
11.（2016·天津）9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
12.（2016·浙江）11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.
A. whom B. which C. what D. that
13.（2015·湖南）29.It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..
A. as B. where C. that D. which
14.（2015·北京）24.Opposite is St.Paul's Church,___you can hear some lovely music.
A. which B.that
C.when D.where
15.（2015·重庆）14. He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.
A. whom B. which
C. them D. that
16.（2015·浙江）19. Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which
17.（2015·天津） The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.
A. where B. which
C. when D. who
18.（2015·四川）3.The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
A．which B. what
C. whose D. that
19.（2015·陕西）15. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.
A. which B. where
C. whom D. when
II.语法填空（单句语法填空）
1.（2024·北京高考卷）Tinniswood, doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said.
2.（2021浙江卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
3.（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.
4.（2019新课标II卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，_________she opened with her late husband Les.
5.（2019新课标III卷）They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
6.（2019浙江卷）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______ gives off light in the dark.
7.（2019北京卷）The students benefitting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).
8.（2018新课标I卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ___________showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
9.（2018新课标II卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ________gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
10.（2017新课标I卷）Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _________is not good for the health.
11.（2017新课标III卷）But Sarah, ___________has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
12.（2016新课标I卷）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____________I was the first Western TV reporter was permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
13.（2016新课标III卷）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，___________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.，influenced the development of chopsticks.
14.（2015新课标I卷）I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
15.（2014新课标I卷）Maybe you leave a habit ________is driving your family crazy.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题09 定语从句
目录 01 模拟基础练（单句语法填空） 【题型】定语从句考点综合练（最新模拟） 02 重难创新练（语法填空） 03 真题实战练
定语从句考点综合练（最新模拟）
1.（2025·吉林省普通高中高三一模）Ancient Africans were pioneers of early civilization, 39 can be proved with the evidence that early African societies excelled in fields such as engineering, mathematics, writing even navigation.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：古代非洲人是早期文明的先驱，这一点可以通过早期非洲社会在诸如工程学、数学、书写甚至是航海等领域表现出色的证据来证明。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，在从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
2.（2025·云南省保山市高三摸底）Now, it is much easier for passengers to purchase tickets. An online and mobile application ticket system was launched in March last year, enables Internet-based ticket sales and supports payment methods such as WeChat, Alipay, UnionPay and VISA．
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：去年3月推出了网上和手机应用购票系统，它支持网上售票，并支持微信支付、支付宝、银联和VISA等支付方式。空处引导非限制性定语从句，设空处指代主句陈述的内容，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。
3.（2025·浙江Z20名校联盟高三第一次联考）This way, even the positive environment conditioned by the large market readily available is incapable of overcoming the new situation. Thus, the Indian movie industry’s further development solely depends on domestic companies’ capability to cooperate with western filmmakers, 65 will facilitate the promotion of a product appealing to diverse audiences.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：因此，印度电影业的进一步发展完全取决于国内公司与西方电影人的合作能力，这将有助于推广一种吸引不同观众的产品。空格处为非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词为前面整个句子，且连接词在从句中作主语，所以用which。故填which。
4.（2025·湖北省腾云联盟高三联考）The 1,035-kilometer railway, 39 is a flagship project under the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative, connects Kunming, the capital of Southwest China’s Yunnan province, with the Laotian capital, Vientiane.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这条1035公里长的铁路是中国提出的“一带一路”倡议的旗舰项目，连接了中国西南部云南省省会昆明和老挝首都万象。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代先行词railway，应用关系代词 which引导从句。故填which。
5.（2025·海南省海口市高三摸底）Also called the Double Fifth Festival, the festival, ___37___ falls on June 7 this year, is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar.
【答案】which
【解析】which考查定语从句。句意：今年的农历五月初五是6月7日，也被称为“重阳节”。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前文的the festival，关系词在从句中作主语，为物，用which。故填which。
6.（2025·安徽省芜湖市第一中学教学质量诊断）Traditional Chinese aesthetic (美学的) concepts are reflected in the drum playing, pace and formation changes, all of 43 represent distinctive local features.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国传统美学观念体现在鼓的演奏、节奏和形态的变化上，这些都代表了鲜明的地方特色。分析句子可知，此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限定性定语从句。先行词是drum playing, pace and formation changes，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。
7.（2025·河南省部分学校高三大联考）Moutai cannot be produced outside Moutai Town. In China, people usually drink Baijiu with lunch or dinner; it depends on what kind of person you are. But it’s always drunk neat. You hold your glass up and say Ganbei, 40 means bottoms up.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：你举起杯子说“干杯”，意思是干杯。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Ganbei，关系词指物且在从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
8.（2025·重庆巴蜀中学高考适应性月考卷（二））The Panda Ridge habitat 58 the pair will live is four times larger than the previous panda enclosure, the zoo said, and takes cues (仿效) from China’s landscape, with features imitating canyons, mountains and cliffs.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：动物园表示，熊猫岭将是这对熊猫的栖息地，比之前的熊猫栖息地大四倍，并以中国的景观为灵感，模仿了峡谷、山脉和悬崖的特征。此处是定语从句，修饰先行词The Panda Ridge habitat，由于从句中缺少地点状语，因此使用关系副词where来引导定语从句。故填where。
9.（2025·辽宁省沈文新高考研究联盟高三月考）The trash takeaway service requires residents to sort their own garbage before it is picked up by workers from Eleme, _____61_____ will definitely dispose of the waste in the correct garbage bins.
【答案】who
【解析】 who考查定语从句。句意：垃圾外卖服务要求居民将自己的垃圾分类，然后由饿了么的工作人员拿走，他们定会将垃圾处理在正确的垃圾箱里。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“workers from Eleme”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词who。故填who。
10.（2025·广东省汕尾市四校联考高三月考）Compared to their parents,____37____sense of frugality is rooted in memories, frugality among young Chinese is a matter of choice rather than necessity.
【答案】whose
【解析】whose考查定语从句。句意：与他们的父母相比，他们的节俭观念根植于记忆，中国年轻人的节俭是一种选择而不是必须。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词their parents作sense of frugality的定语，用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。
11.（2025·广西名校联盟高三适应性检测） began trialing drone delivery in 2016, and Meituan already operates 30 drone delivery routes, ___44___ have handled more than 300,000 orders.
【答案】which
【解析】which考查定语从句。句意：京东于2016年开始试用无人机送货，美团已经运营了30条无人机送货路线，处理了30多万份订单。此处需要关系代词来引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“30 drone delivery routes”，且关系代词在从句中作主语，指代物，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
12.（2025·辽宁省辽南协作体高三月考）For instance, Sexy Tea launched Chinese-style Yuenn & Yang Coffee, ____39____struck an instant chord with young people.
【答案】which
【解析】 which考查定语从句。句意：例如，茶颜悦色推出了中式鸳央咖啡，这立刻引起了年轻人的共鸣。分析句子结构，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的主句，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
13.（2025·安徽省皖南八校高三摸底）Taiwan, China, is where bubble tea (珍珠奶茶) was originally consumed and introduced, and one of the biggest drinkers of bubble tea is Thailand, 39 each person had six cups of bubble tea on average monthly in December 2019.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国台湾是珍珠奶茶最初的消费和推广地，而最大的珍珠奶茶饮用国之一是泰国，2019年12月每人平均每月喝6杯珍珠奶茶。空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺状语，先行词是“Thailand”，指地点，故用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。
14.（2025·浙江Z20名校联盟高三第一次联考）Thus, the Indian movie industry’s further development solely depends on domestic companies’ capability to cooperate with western filmmakers, 65 will facilitate the promotion of a product appealing to diverse audiences.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：因此，印度电影业的进一步发展完全取决于国内公司与西方电影人的合作能力，这将有助于推广一种吸引不同观众的产品。空格处为非限制性定语从句的连接词，先行词为前面整个句子，且连接词在从句中作主语，所以用which。故填which。
15.（2025·福建省福州第一中学高三质检）“It’s feasible to clean up a river because the water’s flowing,” Ted Steiner, professor of medicine at the University of British Columbia, told Golbal News. “Especially if you’ve got the appropriate volume of water running through the river, things get diluted(稀释) to a point 45 there’s not a whole lot of risk.”
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：尤其是如果你有适当的水量流经河流，物质会被稀释到一个没有太大风险的程度。此处引导定语从句，先行词为a point，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
16.（2025·福建省宁德市蕉城区宁德第一中学高三一模）One promising way to do this is to save the energy in the form of hydrogen, 62 can be stored and transported for later use.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一个有前途的方法是以氢的形式储存能量，这样可以被存储和运输以供以后使用。先行词“hydrogen”在从句中作主语，指物，需用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
17.（2025·广东省深圳市罗湖区高三第一次摸底）Additionally, the emergence of Sora may lead to significant job losses in related industries such as film and television, 43 is a significant social risk that cannot be ignored.
【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：此外，Sora的出现可能会导致相关行业如影视行业的大量失业，这是一个不容忽视的重大社会风险。此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子，本空指代前面的情况，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
18.（2025·河北省衡水中学第一次综合素养测评）For those who cannot make it to Guanghan, 38 the extensive site of Sanxingdui is located, an immersive exhibition equipped with digital technology, titled Hello Sanxingdui,offers an alternative means to be awed by the magnificence of this Bronze Age culture. It is running at the Longfu Art Museum in Beijing until Feb 29.
【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：对于那些不能去广汉三星堆遗址所在地的人来说，一个名为“你好，三星堆”的数字技术沉浸式展览为他们提供了另一种方式，让他们惊叹于青铜时代文化的辉煌。此处是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Guanghan，关系词在从句作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
语法填空
Passage 1（定语从句考点语篇练）
There was a time 1.__________ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this was the reason 2.__________ my father forced me to join in a 30－day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, 3.__________ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, 4.__________ teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with me face－to－face, from 5.________ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.__________ we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide, 7.__________ encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8.__________ I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through 9.__________ I can memorize a large number of new words. 10.__________ our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, you will conquer English sooner or later.”
1．[解析] 句意：有一段时间，我讨厌学英语并且不喜欢说英语。There was a time when...有一段时间……。
[答案] when
2．[解析] This is/was the reason why这就是……的原因。
[答案] why
3．[解析] 先行词是the club，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
[答案] where
4．[解析] 先行词为my guide，代入定语从句后为：My guide's teacher was Yu Minhong。由此可见，先行词与teacher之间是所属关系，故用whose引导。
[答案] whose
5．[解析] 先行词为“my guide communicated with me face－to－face”；先行词在定语从句中作from的宾语，且介词from提前，故填which。
[答案] which
6．[解析] 先行词是activities，将先行词代入定语从句后为：We did the activities。由此可见先行词在定语从句中作宾语，故用that或which引导或省略关系代词。
[答案] that/which
7．[解析] 先行词为my father and the guide，关系词在定语从句中作主语，且指“人”，所以用who引导。
[答案] who
8．[解析] 先行词为English，关系词在定语从句中作介词into的宾语，且介词into已被提前，故填which。
[答案] which
9．[解析] 句意：每天入睡前我总是回忆所学的文章，通过这种方法，我能记住大量的英语生词。先行词为I recall the passages，关系词在定语从句中作介词through的宾语，且介词已被提前，故用which引导。
[答案] which
10．[解析] 句意：正如我们英语老师所说的：“只要你们养成每天学英语的习惯并且坚持不懈，你们迟早会征服英语。”非限制性定语从句置于句首，后面引号内直接引语的内容为先行词，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，故需用as引导。
[答案] As
Passage 2（定语从句考点语篇练）
（标黄题号为本专题考点）（2025·江苏省南京市六校联合体高三联考）
A “3D rendering (渲染) competition” is a contest 1 participants engage in the process of creating three-dimensional animations 2 means of computer programs. Through techniques such as adding textures, lighting effects, and colors, 3 (compete) are required to freely display their creativity based on a pre-provided video. However, they are not allowed to change the structure of the original video 4 the position of the main character.
The 9th World Rendering Competition, themed “kinetic rush”, challenged participants to create unique animations, based on the 5 (give) video. It has attracted thousands of 3D artists from around the world, receiving a diverse collection of 6 (imagine) entries that are masterfully created.
Among these, the work of Karaok, a 3D artist from Chengdu China stood out and 7 (award) the runner-up. Inspired by 8 Egyptian Paralympic table tennis player, his animation tells the story of an armless boy, who 9 (enthusiastic) pursues his dream of playing ping-pong despite his disabilities. Karaok’s work successfully made it to the top competition, showcasing extraordinary technical competence as well as emotional descriptions. The judges have highly praised this piece, 10 (refer) to it as “a work where every pixel (像素) is perfectly completed, without a single flaw.”
【答案】
1．where 2．by 3．competitors 4．or 5．given 6．imaginative 7．was awarded 8．an 9．enthusiastically 10．referring
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了什么是“3D渲染大赛”以及比赛的特点。
1．考查定语从句。句意：“3D渲染大赛”是指参赛者利用计算机程序创作三维动画的比赛。定语从句修饰先行词contest，在从句作地点状语，故用where。故填where。
2．考查介词。句意：“3D渲染大赛”是指参赛者利用计算机程序创作三维动画的比赛。短语by means of表示“利用”。故填by。
3．考查名词。句意：参赛者需要根据预先提供的视频，通过添加纹理、灯光效果和颜色等技术，自由展示自己的创造力。作主语，表示“参赛者”应用名词competitor，根据后文are可知为复数。故填competitors。
4．考查连词。句意：但是，他们不允许改变原视频的结构或主角的位置。the structure of the original video与the position of the main character为选择关系，此处表示“或者”应用or。故填or。
5．考查形容词。句意：第九届世界渲染大赛的主题是“动感冲刺”，参赛者需要根据给定的视频创作出独特的动画。修饰名词video应用形容词given，表示“被给的”。故填given。
6．考查形容词。句意：它吸引了来自世界各地的数千名3D艺术家，他们收到了各种各样的富有想象力的作品，这些作品都是精心创作的。修饰名词entries应用形容词imaginative。故填imaginative。
7．考查时态语态。句意：其中，来自中国成都的3D艺术家Karaok的作品脱颖而出，获得亚军。主语a 3D artist与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文stood可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was awarded。
8．考查冠词。句意：他的动画以一位埃及残奥会乒乓球运动员为灵感，讲述了一个没有手臂的男孩，尽管身体残疾，但他仍热情地追求打乒乓球的梦想。此处player为泛指，且Egyptian是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
9．考查副词。句意：他的动画以一位埃及残奥会乒乓球运动员为灵感，讲述了一个没有手臂的男孩，尽管身体残疾，但他仍热情地追求打乒乓球的梦想。修饰动词pursue应用副词enthusiastically。故填enthusiastically。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：评委们高度赞扬了这件作品，称其为“每一个像素都完美完成，没有任何瑕疵”。此处judges与refer构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填referring。
I.单项填空
1. （2019·江苏） 21.We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。 故选C。
2.（2019·天津）】11.Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
A. why B. where
C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。
3.（2018·北京）5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
A. which B. who
C. as D. that
【答案】A
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。
4.（2018·天津）2. Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
A. whom B. that
C. whose D. her
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。
5.（2018·江苏）23. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。
6.（2017·北京卷）31. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
A. that B. as C. where D. when
【答案】A
试题分析：A. that 那个 B. as 因为 C. where 哪里 D. when什么时候。句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。
考点：考查定语从句。
7.（2017·江苏）28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A. which B. it’s
C. whose D. whom
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……，
whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，
其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。
8.（2017·天津）9. My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
A. that B. whose C. his D. who
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我的最大儿子，他的工作带他去全世界，现在在纽约。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是my eldest son, 根据句意和空后名词，确定引导词做定语，在定语从句中只有引导词whose修饰名词做定语，意为：...的...。故选B。
9.（2016·北京）22. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
A. whose B. why
C. where D. which
【答案】A
【解析】题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。
10.（2016·江苏）23.Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词of的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都是受过良好教育。故C正确。
11.（2016·天津）9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。
12.（2016·浙江）11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.
A. whom B. which C. what D. that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。
13.（2015·湖南）29.It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages..
A. as B. where C. that D. which
【答案】D
【解析】根据分析，此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是place，在定语从句中是作主语的，所以用关系代词引导。As引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首，故排除，选用which。句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，这里的蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和100年前看起来是一模一样的。故选D
14.（2015·北京）24.Opposite is St.Paul's Church,___you can hear some lovely music.
A. which B.that
C.when D.where
【答案】D
【解析】句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定语从句。先行词是St. Paul’s Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出引导词在从句中作的是地点状语。用where。故选D。
15.（2015·重庆）14. He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of____ were published in the 1990s.
A. whom B. which
C. them D. that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，几乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行词是books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故选B项。
16.（2015·浙江）19. Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which
【答案】C
【解析】句意：创造一种雇员感觉是其中一员的氛围是一个大的挑战。这是一个定语从句，in the atmosphere “在氛围中”是一个固定搭配。此处也可以是where. 分析句子结构和结合四个选项，知道在这里面所需要填的是连词。然后空格之前是一个名词，这种情况首先考虑的是定语从句。然后分析之后的句子是具备完整的结构（有了主语employees和宾语part of a team）所以这应该是需要一个充当状语的连词，如where, when , why. 由于when用于时间，Why用于原因，剩下的使用where，所以这里填where。但是答案没有这个选项，根据搭配介词+which=where 及in atmosphere 是固定搭配，不难得出答案。
17.（2015·天津） The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees enjoy their work.
A. where B. which
C. when D. who
【答案】A
【解析】句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。句中先行词为atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。根据句意可知选A。
18.（2015·四川）3.The books on the desk, covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
A．which B. what
C. whose D. that
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。本题考查定语从句的关系词，先行词为the books，和covers之间存在所有关系，故选择C，意为书的封面。句意为：桌上的书是给我们的奖励，那些书的封面闪闪发光。
19.（2015·陕西）15. As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.
A. which B. where
C. whom D. when
【答案】D
【解析】句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间。这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when，所以选D。
II.语法填空（单句语法填空）
1.（2024·北京高考卷）Tinniswood, doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。
2.（2021浙江卷）BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool ________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知，tool是先行词，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。
3.（2021北京卷）When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ________ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.
【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。
4.（2019新课标II卷）Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，_________she opened with her late husband Les.
【答案】which
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语，故用which。
5.（2019新课标III卷）They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
6.（2019浙江卷）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______ gives off light in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
7.（2019北京卷）The students benefitting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源).
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。______ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who。
8.（2018新课标I卷）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ___________showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句，先行词为study，在定语从句中作主语，所以用which或that引导。
9.（2018新课标II卷）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ________gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为program，在定语从句中作主语，所以用that或which引导。
10.（2017新课标I卷）Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _________is not good for the health.
【答案】which
【解析】本题主要考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，主句主谓完整，定语从句缺少主语且从句前有逗号，故此处应填入关系代词 which，故正确答案为 which。
11.（2017新课标III卷）But Sarah, ___________has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是Sarah，因此引导定语从句应使用who。
12.（2016新课标I卷）But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____________I was the first Western TV reporter was permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
【答案】when
【解析】考查定语从句。划线处后面I was the first Western TV reporter was permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.是一个完整的句子，且先行词he mid-1980s，故答案为when。
13.（2016新课标III卷）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，___________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.，influenced the development of chopsticks.
【答案】who
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。
14.（2015新课标I卷）I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为Li River，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词。句意：漓江被许多艺术家所绘画。故用that/which。
15.（2014新课标I卷）Maybe you leave a habit ________is driving your family crazy.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。本句是一个定语从句，先行词是a habit，定语从句中使用关系代词that/which指代先行词，在句做主语，不能省略。故填which/that。
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