专题08 非谓语动词
目录
01考情透视·目标导航 2
02知识导图·思维引航 3
03考点突破·考向探究 4
考点一 考查非谓语动词作定语 4
【真题研析】 4
【核心精讲】 6
【命题预测】 7
考点二 考查非谓语动词作状语 8
【真题研析】 8
【核心精讲】 11
【命题预测】 13
考点三 非谓语动词作宾语 14
【真题研析】 14
【核心精讲】 15
【命题预测】 16
考点四 考查非谓语动词作宾补 17
【真题研析】 17
【核心精讲】 19
【命题预测】 20
考点五 考查非谓语动词作主语和表语 21
【真题研析】 21
【核心精讲】 22
【命题预测】 23
04 重难点突破 非谓语动词基本知识的综合运用 24
非谓语动词
考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析
考查非谓语动词作定语 熟练掌握分词、不定式、动名词作定语的用法 （2024·新高考II卷）40.inspired (2024年1月浙江高考卷)63.designed （2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）recognized (2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) visiting （2023·1月新高考浙江卷）surrounded （2022 新高考Ⅱ卷）falling （2022·全国甲卷）to journey 从近三年高考试题来看，试题以语法填空形式命题，题目中等偏难，以考查学生对有关分词、不定式和动名词的基本含义及句法功能以及根据语境判断使用非谓语动词正确形式的能力，强化语言运用能力和语境理解，题型主要是语法填空，非谓语动词是中学语法的重点和难点。 预计在2025年高考中，以语法填空的形式命题。非谓语动词是必考点。
考查非谓语动词作状语 熟练掌握分词、不定式作状语的用法 （2024·新高考I卷）58.to give （2024·新高考II卷）44.Recalling (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)43.to find （2024年1月浙江高考）56.to benefit （2023·全国乙卷）Having visited （2023·全国甲卷）borrowing （2023·全国甲卷）to teach （2022 新高考Ⅱ卷）to see （2022·新高考I卷）Covering
非谓语动词作宾语 掌握不定式、动名词作宾语的用法 （2024·全国甲卷）41.to catch （2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 ）to bite （2022年1月·浙江卷）to continue
考查非谓语动词作宾补 掌握分词、不定式作宾补的用法 （2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 ）to be lifted （2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 ）wanting （2020·新课标II卷）decorated （2020新课标III卷）surrounding
考查非谓语动词作主语和表语 熟练掌握不定式、动名词作主语的用法及分词、不定式、动名词作表语的用法 (2021·英语全国甲卷）to walk （2018新课标III卷）challenged
考点一 考查非谓语动词作定语
1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 40 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【答案】inspired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
2．(2024年1月浙江高考卷) If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs 63 (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
【答案】designed
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
3.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
【答案】recognized
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的汤包之乡,但美食历史学家实际上会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空处在名词home前面,需用分词作定语,空处与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized“被公认的”。
1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时，通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外)，是一个短语作定语时，就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时，被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。
2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动:
a fallen tree/leaf: 倒下的树/落叶 the risen sun/moon: 升起了的太阳/月亮
a faded rose: 凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人
an escaped prisoner: 逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生
4.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查现在分词作定语。句意:他们要与大量的国际游客和经常前来看这些熊猫的中国动物园饲养员交谈,这些熊猫是从中国暂借的。本空在句中作定语,修饰名词词组Chinese zookeepers,被修饰的名词词组和动词visit之间为主动关系,故本空应用现在分词作定语。
5.（2023·1月新高考浙江卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____ ____ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
【答案】surrounded
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
6.（2022 新高考Ⅱ卷）Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the __________ (fall) child.
【答案】falling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。
表示心理状态的动词－ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词－ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。
7.（2022·全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ______ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【答案】 to journey
【解析】考查不定式作定语。近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。此处journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
8.（2019新课标II卷）Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，proud Irene declared she had no plans _____________（retire） from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。句意：获得“终身成就”奖时，艾琳骄傲地宣布她没有从36年的公司退休的计划。此处用to do sth做后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan,表示“…的计划”，故填to retire。
不定式作定语：
①常接不定式作定语的词有：chance，opportunity，ability，decision，right（权利），不定代词等。
1)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
2)Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference.
②不定式作定语，修饰序数词等
She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today.
非谓语动词作定语
1.不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on.
突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
(2)序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.
增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
2．分词作定语
(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式：现在分词、being＋过去分词、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用being＋过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示完成时，用过去分词。
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表示被动。
[2021·浙江卷1月]In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries studied had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。
表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示主动、尚未进行用to do；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较：
①The bridge built recently was designed by a local company.
②Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the sky.
③The bridge being built now was designed by a local company.
④The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important.
3．动名词作定语
表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途，作 “ 供……用”讲，相当于介词 for 短语，常 置于被修饰词前。
a swimming pool=a pool for swimming 游泳池
a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室
a washing machine = a machine for washing 洗衣机
a walking stick=a stick for walking 拐杖
1.（2025·广东省清远市高三上学期一模）“This exhibition is really significant, which brings a rare opportunity for New Zealanders (engage) with one of the most important cultural and religious sites in the world and facilitates people-to-people exchanges, ” said New Zealand parliament member Jenny Salesa.
【答案】to engage
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这次展览意义重大，它为新西兰人提供了一个难得的机会，让他们能够接触到世界上最重要的文化和宗教场所之一，并促进人与人之间的交流。空处作后置定语修饰opportunity，应用不定式。故填to engage。
2.（2025·河北省石家庄市第二中学高三月考）“In the Shaolin Temple were people (dress)the way they had been in the movies
【答案】dressed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：“寺里的人们穿着和电影里一样。他们正在正确地练习武术，” N’ Dri谈及对少林寺的第一印象时说。分析句子成分可知，空处考查非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“people”和动词“dress”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式担当后置定语。故填dressed。
3.（2025·江苏省海门中学高三第一次调研）By organizing the festival, Fuzhou aims to promote excellent traditional culture, tell Chinese stories in a more (engage) manner and carry out Chinese and foreign cultural exchanges and cooperation to draw domestic and global attention to Tang Xianzu, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, thus increasing Chinese culture’s presence and influence.
【答案】engaging
【解析】考查形容词。句意：福州通过举办汤显祖文化节，旨在弘扬优秀传统文化，更生动地讲述中国故事，开展中外文化交流与合作，吸引国内外对汤显祖的关注，提高中国文化的存在感和影响力。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，此处修饰manner意为“方式”，修饰物用-ing形式。故填engaging。
考点二 考查非谓语动词作状语
1.（20224·新高考Ⅰ卷）The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
【答案】to give
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些萼片在温暖的日子里开放为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。此处是不定式短语作目的状语。故填to give。
2．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion.
【答案】Recalling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。
3.（2024·北京高考卷）Just then, some kids ran at him, 19 (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.
【答案】knocking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。
4.（2024·北京高考卷）And when 16 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度).
【答案】asked
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。结合语意，when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为he，且ask与he之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be asked，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词形式，则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。
1．作状语的过去分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
2．如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，就用过去分词形式(done)。
3．过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句，表示被动和完成。
4．带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式。The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to. 这女孩怕羞，不给她说话她从不说话。
5．选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语，即与句子主语的逻辑关系， 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
6. 如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. 独立主格结构相当于从句主语与主句主语不一致的状语从句，或者前后主语不一致的并列句的简化。
5.（2023·全国乙卷） (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
【答案】Having visited
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年中,“我”多次游览这个城市,对于新旧并存以及城市能够在不断扩张的同时保留如此丰富的文化遗产感到惊讶。本空在句中作状语,动词visit和句子主语I之间为逻辑上的主动关系,且根据空后时间状语over the last 10 years可知,应用现在完成时,故本空应用现在分词的完成式,表示“主动和完成”关系。
1．作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
2．如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。
3．若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。
4．若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。
6.（2023·全国甲卷）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
【答案】borrowing
【解析】考查现在分词。句意:从许多古老的寓言中借用了一些熟悉的言语。her fable和borrow之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
7.（2022·新高考I卷）The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ______ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
【答案】Covering
【解析】Covering考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
8．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
【答案】to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
9．（2024年1月浙江高考）The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra 56 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
【答案】to benefit
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
10.（2023·全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
【答案】to teach
【解析】考查不定式。句意:几千年来,人们讲寓言故事或为了教课或为了传递智慧。根据空后的or to pass on wisdom可知,此处和后文是并列关系,都作目的状语。故填to teach。
11.（2022 新高考Ⅱ卷）Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ______ (see) them.
【答案】to see
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
非谓语动词作状语
1.不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。
[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 to find and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
中国的研究者希望使用“嫦娥四号”上的设备来发现和研究南极-艾特肯盆地。
(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做……)；too... to do... (太……而不能……)；so/such... as to... (如此……以至于……)等。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
(3)作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，dangerous，heavy，good，important，impossible，surprised，astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
2．分词作状语
现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
[2020·江苏卷]Technological innovations, combined with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的：located (坐落于), lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(躲着的), lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired of(厌烦的), faced with(面对着)。
3．独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking, talking of, speaking of, judging from/by, taking everything into consideration, compared to/with, to be frank，to tell(you)the truth, to be honest, to make things worse 等。
Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong.
从口音判断，他来自香港。
To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.
说实话，我有点累。
4．独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。
(1)独立主格结构的特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
(2)独立主格结构的常见构成：①名词/代词＋分词；②名词/代词＋不定式；③with/without＋名词/代词＋分词/不定式。
Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow.
明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。
The test finished(＝When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.
考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。
1.（2025·吉林省普通高中高三一模）The abundance of the rich natural resources of Africa soon led to avarice (贪婪) on the part of the Europeans, (result) in a mad scramble for Africa’s resources, including her people.
【答案】resulting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：非洲丰富的自然资源很快引发了欧洲人的贪婪，导致了对非洲资源的疯狂争夺，包括非洲人民本身。句子已有谓语动词led，空处为非谓语动词，应填现在分词resulting做结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，result in意为“导致”。故填resulting。
2.（2025·辽宁省名校联盟（东北三省三校）高三联考） (compare) with Chinese festivals, which often center around family reunion (团聚) and respecting ancestors, western festivals tend to emphasize celebration, reflecting a more individualistic culture.
【答案】Compared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的节日通常以家庭团聚和尊敬祖先为中心，与之相比，西方的节日往往强调庆祝，反映了一种更个人主义的文化。句中谓语是tend，空格处用非谓语动词，此处过去分词短语作状语，western festivals和compare之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Compared。
3.（2025·山东省第一次备考监测联考）As everyone knows, the Silk Road symbolizes the friendship between European and Asian peoples, With a history (stretch) over 2,000 years, the origins of the Silk Road in China trace back to the Han Dynasty.
【答案】stretching
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：众所周知，丝绸之路象征着欧亚人民之间的友谊。丝绸之路在中国的起源可以追溯到汉代，距今已有2000多年的历史。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。stretch与其逻辑主语history是主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语。 故填stretching。
4.（2025·海南省海口市高三摸底）People then started dragon boat racing ________ (scare) off the fish.
【答案】to scare
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：然后人们开始赛龙舟来吓跑鱼。句中started为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，使用不定式结构作目的状语。故填to scare。
考点三 非谓语动词作宾语
1.（2024·全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 41 （catch）our attention because of their large size and variety.
【答案】to catch
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园，但特别是国家公园，由于其规模大、种类多，往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。
2.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 ）The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
【答案】to bite
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口,释放蒸汽,让里面的汤汁流出来还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。空处与后面to put 并列,充当decide的宾语。
3.（2022年1月浙江卷）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ____________（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
【答案】to continue
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：这种做法使科布去年的航空旅行量下降了75%，她计划继续采用这种做法。”这是相当值得的。她说，“这是一个非常积极的改变。”。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。
不定式作宾语：
①常接不定式作宾语的词：like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/afford/offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/choose/pretend/arrange to do…:
②it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/consider/feel/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…We find it necessary to master German and French.
非谓语动词作宾语
1.只接不定式作宾语的动词：
agree, plan, demand, promise, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish, hope, expect, fail (未能), pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, wait, happen (碰巧)等。
[2021·全国乙卷]Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
这里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。
2．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：
admit, avoid, consider, escape(避开), imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put off, object to, look forward to等。此外，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. ；have fun (in) doing sth. 等结构中也用动名词作宾语。
I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.
我避免提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。
It's quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim
今天很热。你想去游泳吗？
3．接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：
(1)动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
(2)不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。
(3)介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。
1.（2025·广东省清远市高三上学期一模）They hoped that this exhibition can contribute to (promote) the people- to- people links in the two countries, facilitating healthy and stable development of bilateral (双边的) relations.
【答案】promoting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们希望这次展览有助于促进两国人民之间的联系，促进双边关系健康稳定发展。空前是短语contribute to，其中to是介词，其后应接动名词作宾语。故填promoting。
2.（2025·广东省汕尾市四校联考高三月考）This new form of frugality is not a complete denial of consumerism, but a form of smart spending aimed at ________ (achieve) a balance between price and the quality of goods.
【答案】achieving
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种新的节俭方式并不是对消费主义的完全否定，而是一种旨在达到商品价格和质量平衡的明智消费方式。at为介词，空处用动名词作宾语。故填achieving。
3.（2025·河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底）The ox was originally first, but he was so kind that he agreed ____ ____(carry) the little rat across the river.
【答案】to carry
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：牛本来是第一个过河的，但是他很善良，所以同意带着小老鼠过河。结合句意表示“同意做某事”可知短语为agree to do sth.。此处不定式作宾语。故填to carry。
考点四 考查非谓语动词作宾补
1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
【答案】to be lifted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有精美的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的馅。根据固定搭配allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”,空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动形式to be lifted。
动词不定式在平时模拟考试中，考查的频度较大，导致很多学生产生思维定势，见到不定式的题就用一般式to do的形式，这是平时训练的缺陷。二轮复习一定避免这个问题，做到查漏补缺。
2.（2023·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学模拟）After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum was established in 1925, allowing tourists at home and abroad ________ (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.
【答案】to visit
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：清朝结束后，故宫博物院于1925年建立，允许国内外游客参观建筑和欣赏艺术珍品。根据句中谓语“was established”可知，此处应为非谓语动词；固定短语allow sb to do sth 意为：允许某人做某事，符合句意，故应用动词不定式to visit。故填to visit。
不定式作宾语补足语：
①常接不定式作宾补的动词有：ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/
need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer sb to do……:
例：Miss Janson persuaded the boy not to smoke any more.
②在feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时，后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加to； 但以上动词如为被动语态，后面接的动词前要加to。
1）Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard.
2）The teacher is often listened to to sing the English song at home.
3.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time.
【答案】wanting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买它们,一笼都不够,但是两笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次多买点儿。此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,I与want之间是主动关系,用现在分词wanting。
4.（2020·新课标II卷）They make great gifs and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
【答案】 decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
5.（2020新课标III卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
【答案】surrounding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，surrounding the mountain tops作宾补，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
1. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。
She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall.
她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。
2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。
I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.
刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
3. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, order等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语，相当于过去分词前省略了to be。
They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year.
他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。
4. 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
She usually works in her study with the door locked.
她通常锁着门在书房工作。
非谓语动词作宾补
1.不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表示将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。
If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on.
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。
Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to speak to the new students.
完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。
(1)有些动词，如think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。
Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.
中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
(2)在sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。
The president was reported to have visited China.
据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。
2．分词作宾补
(1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。
Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help
听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？
(2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。
He found himself surrounded by so many strangers.
他发现自己周围有那么多陌生人。
(3)使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：
①have sth. done＝get sth. done让别人做某事；
②have sb./sth. doing让……一直做某事；
get sth./sb. doing 使……开始做某事；
③have sb. do sth. ＝get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事。
Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed.
在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。
with的复合结构：①with＋宾语＋doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；②with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成；③with＋宾语＋to do表示将要发生的动作。
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.
这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job.
截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。
With a lot of work to do, she wasn't allowed to leave her office.
由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。
1.（2025·河北省石家庄市第二中学高三上学期月考）With his Kung Fu dream (come)true, N’ Dri has set up the Shaolin Training Camp.
【答案】coming
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着自己的功夫梦想成真，N’ Dri成立了少林训练营。分析句子成分可知，空处考查非谓语动词担当宾语补足语，宾语“Kung Fu dream”和动词短语“come true”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填coming。
2.（2025·湖北省腾云联盟高三联考）As a driver travelling between Vientiane and Boten（border town）,he can see more and more houses and factories （build） along the route.
【答案】being built
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名在万象和边城磨丁之间往来的火车司机，他可以看到沿途越来越多的房屋和工厂被建起。空格处作宾语补足语，动词build和宾语houses and factories之间为逻辑上的被动关系，且动作正在进行，应用现在分词的被动式。故填being built。
3.（2025·湖北省重点高中智学联盟高三联考）Qin governor and irrigation engineer Li Bing investigated the problem thoroughly. He led a team (construct) a levee (堤坝) to redirect a portion of the river’s flow.
【答案】to construct
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：他带领一个团队建造了一个堤坝，以改变部分河水的流向。此处为动词短语lead sb to do sth“带领某人做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式形式。故填to construct。
4.（2025·广西名校联盟高三适应性检测）During the trial period, delivery will be free, with fees ______ (expect) to be similar to regular services afterwards.
【答案】expected
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在试用期间，送货将是免费的，之后的费用预计将与常规服务相似。此处需要非谓语动词作宾语补足语，和宾语fees为逻辑动宾关系，表示“被预期，被预料”，因此用过去分词“expected”，表示被动和完成。故填expected。
考点五 考查非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.（2021·英语全国甲卷）It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】to walk
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：步行或骑自行车跑完整个14公里是可能的。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
不定式作主语：
1．不定式作主语：动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
2．表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时，多用doing作主语。
3．在下列两个句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语：
A. It is/was + 形容词（of sb）to do sth.
【赞扬，责备的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous，considerate…】
B. It is/was + 形容词（for sb）to do sth.
【以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful…。多数情况都用for sb作逻辑主语。】
1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old.
2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do.
2.（2018新课标III卷）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____________(challenge).
【答案】challenged
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我迅速放下身子，低下头，避免直接看他的眼睛，这样他就不会觉得有挑战。此处feel为系动词，之后缺表语，故用过去分词challenged，表示"被挑战的"，所以用过去分词。
非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.不定式作主语和表语
(1)不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。
[2021·全国甲卷]It is possible to walk or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
步行或骑行这完整的14千米是可能的。
(2)不定式作表语时：①表示预定要发生的动作；②当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。
His wish is to be a doctor in the future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
What I want to do most in senior high school is to improve my English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
2．动名词作主语和表语
(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing...; It's no use/good doing...; It is useless doing...; There is no point doing... 等。
Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。
It's no use complaining without taking action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。
(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
My job is cleaning the house three times a week.＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job.
我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。
(3)remain作系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待……；留待……”时，后常接to be done。
She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.
虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。
It remains to be seen whether the newly-formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。
1.（2025·安徽省皖南八校高三摸底）For bubble tea business, (establish) a strong online presence is very important.
【答案】establishing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：对于奶茶行业来说，建立强大的网络形象非常重要。空处缺主语，需用动名词作主语。故填establishing。
2.（2023·八省联考） Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier ________（make）eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
【答案】to make
【解析】考查不定式。幸运的是，现在更容易选择环保的生活方式。此处it是形式主语，后面的不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to make。
3.（2024·云贵川桂四省联考）Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive corals. One option is ______ (create) more marine protected areas——essentially national parks in the ocean.
【答案】to create/creating
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：世界各地的科学家都在寻找各种方法来保护甚至恢复珊瑚。一个选择是创建更多的海洋保护区——基本上是海洋中的国家公园。此处非谓动词作表语，是对主语option的解释说明，用不定式或动名词均可。故填to create/creating。
04重难点突破 非谓语动词基本知识的综合运用
非谓语动词基本知识的综合运用
通过5组易混示例，理清谓语动词和非谓语动词
【例1】 ①He volunteered to help control traffic, (donate) an hour of his time every week.
②He volunteered to help control traffic, and (donate) an hour of his time every week.
【答案】①donating ②donated
【解析】两句的差别是连词and。分析句子结构可知，句①中空处作状语；句②中空处由and连接，与volunteered并列作谓语。
【例2】 ①The guide (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
②The guide (lead) the way, so we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
【答案】①leading ②led
【解析】两句的差别是连词so。分析句子结构可知，句①为独立主格结构作原因状语；句②为so连接的两个并列句，空处所填词应与第二个并列分句的谓语动词时态一致。
【例3】 ①The party will be held in the garden, weather (permit)．
②The party will be held in the garden, if weather (permit)．
【答案】①permitting ②permits
【解析】两句的差别是连词if。分析句子结构可知，句①为独立主格结构作条件状语；句②为if引导的条件状语从句。
【例4】 ①Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, and all his attention (fix) on it.
②Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, with all his attention (fix) on it.
③Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, (fix) all his attention on it.
【答案】①was fixed ②fixed ③fixing
【解析】三句的差别是逗号后面的部分。分析句子结构可知，句①为and连接的两个并列句，通过对其时态、语态的分析可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态；句②后半句为with复合结构；句③后半句为动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
【例5】 ①He went into the room, (sit) at the table and began to read newspapers.
②They walked along the stream together, (talk) and laughing.
【答案】①sat ②talking
【解析】两句看似结构一致，但仔细分析却是大相径庭。句①为一连串的谓语动词先后发生，在最后两个动词之间加了连词and；句②由laughing及连词and可以判断，talk应使用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
1．首先辨别谓语动词和非谓语动词
(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词，则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致等。
(2)若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时，则所给动词一定用非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是动词－ing形式、动词－ed形式还是动词不定式形式。
2．结合语境，判断设空处在句子中作的成分，然后分析动词与逻辑主语或被修饰词等之间的关系，从而确定非谓语的形式。
3．掌握doing作宾语的动词(词组)的用法，注意介词后要跟doing作宾语。
4．若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，且表示完成，要想到用动词－ed形式。
5．若非谓语动词表示将来的动作，作状语表示目的，在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等，要想到用动词不定式形式。
6．掌握非谓语动词的句型
It's＋形容词＋(for/of sb＋) to do sth；find/think/believe/consider＋it＋形容词＋to do sth。
1．“主动或进行”使用动词-ing形式
①判断所填动词为非谓语动词后，若该动词表示“主动或进行”，则填动词-ing形式。
②“主动或进行”的意义：表示与逻辑主语构成“主动”关系；表示与谓语动词相比，该动作“正在进行”；表示“主动且进行”。三个方面只要具备其一即可。
(2021·1月浙江高考)This may be due to some disadvantages for people ________(live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】living
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子中含有谓语动词may be，且该动词与所给动词live之间没有任何连词，根据谓语动词的“唯一性”原则可知，该处应填live的非谓语动词形式；又因live与其逻辑主语people之间构成主动关系，故填动词-ing形式。
2．“被动或完成”使用动词-ed形式
①判断所填动词为非谓语动词后，若该动词表示“被动或完成”，则填动词-ed形式。
②“被动或完成”的意义：表示与逻辑主语构成“被动”关系；表示与谓语动词相比，该动作“已经完成”；表示“被动且完成”。三个方面只要具备其一即可。
(2021·1月浙江高考)In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries
_______ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子中含有谓语动词had，且该动词与所给动词study之间没有任何连词，根据谓语动词的“唯一性”原则，该处应填study的非谓语动词形式；又因study与其逻辑主语countries之间构成被动关系，故填动词-ed形式。
3.动词不定式“未发生”
①判断所填动词为非谓语动词后，若该动词与谓语动词相比较“尚未发生”，则填其不定式形式。
②若该不定式与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，则使用不定式的一般式；若为被动形式，则使用不定式的被动语态。
③常考查不定式作目的状语
(2021·6月浙江高考)Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over _______ (plant) flowers in the front yard.
【答案】to plant
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子中含有谓语动词came，且该谓语动词与所给动词plant之间没有任何连词，根据谓语动词的“唯一性”原则，该处应填plant的非谓语动词形式；plant与谓语动词came之间相比较尚未发生，应使用不定式；又因plant与其逻辑主语Mary's sister之间为主动关系，故使用不定式的一般式。
4.介词后应使用动词-ing形式作宾语
记住常见的介词，如after，in，on，at及固定搭配中的介词，如insist on doing，be devoted to doing等。
(2021·全国甲卷)After ________(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】spending
【解析】考查非谓语动词。空前的After为介词，后应接动词-ing形式作宾语。
5.熟记一些固定句式中的非谓语动词
be likely to do sth, have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth, spend time (in) doing sth, It is possible to do ..., aim to do, see＋宾语＋宾语补足语，be＋adj.＋to do sth, set out to do ..., be expected to do等。
(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible _________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】to walk
【解析】考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。此处是固定句型“It is＋adj.＋(for sb) to do sth”。
语法填空
(2025·贵州遵义市高三第一次适应性)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（标黄题号为本专题考点）
Sun Wukong (the Monkey King), a monkey with human characteristics and abilities, is one of the best loved characters in Chinese literature. ____1____ (arm) with remarkable abilities, Sun Wukong, comes from the 16th - century classic Journey to the West. Lately, his story ____2____ (inspire) the video game Black Myth: Wukong, introducing new audiences to the beloved character.
Scholars can’t say ____3____ certain where the character of Sun Wukong originated from, but Journey to the West is likely ____4____ (come) from existing myths and legends. Some possible inspirations for the character include Wuzhiqi, an ape-like figure in Chinese mythology and Hanuman, a Hindu god with ____5____ monkey’s face.
Sun Wukong is in ____6____ (possess) of superhuman abilities and extraordinary powers, one of ____7____ enables him to shape-shift. He has many of the characteristics people associate with monkeys, including mischievousness. He fights against authority and ____8____ (trouble) by the fact that there is one thing he can never conquer: death. So he sets out to gain immortality, spending years wandering the world in search of it.
Sun Wukong spent parts of Journey to the West searching for immortality. ____9____ (fortunate), he found it in the real world: in literature and pop culture. In this rich afterlife, Sun Wukong has motivated films, plays, television series, video games, and comic books, ensuring that this ____10____ (last) character will continue to embark on new adventures with future generations.
【答案】1. Armed 2. has inspired 3. for 4. to come 5. a 6. possession 7. which 8. is troubled 9. Fortunately 10. lasting
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孙悟空这一文学形象的起源、特点及其在现代文化中的影响。
1. Armed考查非谓语动词。句意：具有非凡能力的孙悟空，来自16世纪的经典著作《西游记》。be armed with“装备有，具有……”，空处在句中作状语，把be去掉即可，位于句首首字母大写。故填Armed。
2. has inspired考查时态和主谓一致。句意：最近，他的故事启发了电子游戏《黑神话：悟空》，将这个深受喜爱的角色介绍给了新的观众。根据时间状语Lately可知，句子应用现在完成时，单数名词his story作主语，助动词用has。故填has inspired。
3. for考查介词。句意：学者们不能确定地说孙悟空这个角色源自何处，但《西游记》可能来源于现存的神话和传说。for certain“肯定地，确凿地”为固定短语。故填for。
4. to come考查不定式。句意同上。be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”为固定短语，空处应用不定式形式。故填to come。
5. a考查冠词。句意：这个角色的一些可能的灵感来源包括中国神话中类似猿猴的形象无支祁，以及印度教中拥有猴面的神祇哈努曼。空处应用不定冠词，泛指一个，monkey以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
6. possession考查名词。句意：孙悟空拥有超人的能力和非凡的力量，其中一种能力使他能够变化形态。介词in后应用名词，possess的名词形式为possession，in possession of “拥有”为固定短语。故填possession。
7. which考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词superhuman abilities and extraordinary powers，为物，在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
8. is troubled考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：他反抗权威，并被一个事实所困扰，那就是有一样东西是他永远无法征服的：死亡。根据and可知，空处动词与fights并列，应用一般现在时第三人称单数形式，动词trouble“困扰，使烦恼”与句子主语He构成被动关系，应用被动语态，be动词用is。故填is troubled。
9. Fortunately考查副词。句意：幸运的是，他在现实世界中找到了它：在文学和流行文化中。空处应用副词fortunately“幸运的是”修饰后面的整个句子，位于句首首字母大写。故填Fortunately。
10. lasting考查形容词。句意：在这个丰富的后世里，孙悟空激发了电影、戏剧、电视剧、电子游戏和漫画书的创作，确保了这个持久的角色将继续与未来几代人一起踏上新的冒险旅程。空处应用形容词lasting“持久的”作定语修饰名词character。故填lasting。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题08 非谓语动词
目录
01考情透视·目标导航 2
02知识导图·思维引航 3
03考点突破·考向探究 4
考点一 考查非谓语动词作定语 4
【真题研析】 4
【核心精讲】 5
【命题预测】 6
考点二 考查非谓语动词作状语 7
【真题研析】 7
【核心精讲】 8
【命题预测】 10
考点三 非谓语动词作宾语 10
【真题研析】 10
【核心精讲】 11
【命题预测】 12
考点四 考查非谓语动词作宾补 13
【真题研析】 13
【核心精讲】 14
【命题预测】 15
考点五 考查非谓语动词作主语和表语 16
【真题研析】 16
【核心精讲】 17
【命题预测】 18
04 重难点突破 非谓语动词基本知识的综合运用 18
非谓语动词
考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析
考查非谓语动词作定语 熟练掌握分词、不定式、动名词作定语的用法 （2024·新高考II卷）40.inspired (2024年1月浙江高考卷)63.designed （2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）recognized (2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) visiting （2023·1月新高考浙江卷）surrounded （2022 新高考Ⅱ卷）falling （2022·全国甲卷）to journey 从近三年高考试题来看，试题以语法填空形式命题，题目中等偏难，以考查学生对有关分词、不定式和动名词的基本含义及句法功能以及根据语境判断使用非谓语动词正确形式的能力，强化语言运用能力和语境理解，题型主要是语法填空，非谓语动词是中学语法的重点和难点。 预计在2025年高考中，以语法填空的形式命题。非谓语动词是必考点。
考查非谓语动词作状语 熟练掌握分词、不定式作状语的用法 （2024·新高考I卷）58.to give （2024·新高考II卷）44.Recalling (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)43.to find （2024年1月浙江高考）56.to benefit （2023·全国乙卷）Having visited （2023·全国甲卷）borrowing （2023·全国甲卷）to teach （2022 新高考Ⅱ卷）to see （2022·新高考I卷）Covering
非谓语动词作宾语 掌握不定式、动名词作宾语的用法 （2024·全国甲卷）41.to catch （2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 ）to bite （2022年1月·浙江卷）to continue
考查非谓语动词作宾补 掌握分词、不定式作宾补的用法 （2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 ）to be lifted （2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 ）wanting （2020·新课标II卷）decorated （2020新课标III卷）surrounding
考查非谓语动词作主语和表语 熟练掌握不定式、动名词作主语的用法及分词、不定式、动名词作表语的用法 (2021·英语全国甲卷）to walk （2018新课标III卷）challenged
考点一 考查非谓语动词作定语
1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 40 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
2．(2024年1月浙江高考卷) If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs 63 (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
3.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
1.过去分词作定语只有一个词时，通常放在被修饰的名词前面(但也有例外)，是一个短语作定语时，就放在被修饰的名词之后。过去分词作定语时，被修饰的名词与过去分词之间是被动关系。
2. 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成，不表示被动:
a fallen tree/leaf: 倒下的树/落叶 the risen sun/moon: 升起了的太阳/月亮
a faded rose: 凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人
an escaped prisoner: 逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生
4.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
5.（2023·1月新高考浙江卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____ ____ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
6.（2022 新高考Ⅱ卷）Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the __________ (fall) child.
现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。
表示心理状态的动词－ing形式，意为“令人……的”；动词－ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。
7.（2022·全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ______ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
8.（2019新课标II卷）Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award，proud Irene declared she had no plans _____________（retire） from her 36-year-old business.
不定式作定语：
①常接不定式作定语的词有：chance，opportunity，ability，decision，right（权利），不定代词等。
1)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
2)Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference.
②不定式作定语，修饰序数词等
She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today.
非谓语动词作定语
1.不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on.
突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。
(2)序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only 等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。
And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.
增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。
2．分词作定语
(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式：现在分词、being＋过去分词、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用being＋过去分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示完成时，用过去分词。
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表示被动。
[2021·浙江卷1月]In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries studied had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
1985年，在被研究的国家中，超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。
表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示主动、尚未进行用to do；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较：
①The bridge built recently was designed by a local company.
②Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the sky.
③The bridge being built now was designed by a local company.
④The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important.
3．动名词作定语
表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途，作 “ 供……用”讲，相当于介词 for 短语，常 置于被修饰词前。
a swimming pool=a pool for swimming 游泳池
a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室
a washing machine = a machine for washing 洗衣机
a walking stick=a stick for walking 拐杖
1.（2025·广东省清远市高三上学期一模）“This exhibition is really significant, which brings a rare opportunity for New Zealanders (engage) with one of the most important cultural and religious sites in the world and facilitates people-to-people exchanges, ” said New Zealand parliament member Jenny Salesa.
2.（2025·河北省石家庄市第二中学高三月考）“In the Shaolin Temple were people (dress)the way they had been in the movies
3.（2025·江苏省海门中学高三第一次调研）By organizing the festival, Fuzhou aims to promote excellent traditional culture, tell Chinese stories in a more (engage) manner and carry out Chinese and foreign cultural exchanges and cooperation to draw domestic and global attention to Tang Xianzu, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, thus increasing Chinese culture’s presence and influence.
考点二 考查非谓语动词作状语
1.（20224·新高考Ⅰ卷）The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 58 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
2．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)___44___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion.
3.（2024·北京高考卷）Just then, some kids ran at him, 19 (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.
4.（2024·北京高考卷）And when 16 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度).
1．作状语的过去分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
2．如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，就用过去分词形式(done)。
3．过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句，表示被动和完成。
4．带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式。The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to. 这女孩怕羞，不给她说话她从不说话。
5．选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语，即与句子主语的逻辑关系， 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。
6. 如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. 独立主格结构相当于从句主语与主句主语不一致的状语从句，或者前后主语不一致的并列句的简化。
5.（2023·全国乙卷） (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
1．作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
2．如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。
3．若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。
4．若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。
6.（2023·全国甲卷）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
7.（2022·新高考I卷）The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ______ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
8．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
9．（2024年1月浙江高考）The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra 56 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
10.（2023·全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
11.（2022 新高考Ⅱ卷）Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ______ (see) them.
非谓语动词作状语
1.不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但 so as to一般不可置于句首，意为“为了；想要”。
[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4 to find and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
中国的研究者希望使用“嫦娥四号”上的设备来发现和研究南极-艾特肯盆地。
(2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do(足够做……)；too... to do... (太……而不能……)；so/such... as to... (如此……以至于……)等。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.
汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
(3)作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，dangerous，heavy，good，important，impossible，surprised，astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
2．分词作状语
现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
[2020·江苏卷]Technological innovations, combined with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的：located (坐落于), lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的), hidden(躲着的), lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着), tired of(厌烦的), faced with(面对着)。
3．独立成分作状语
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking, talking of, speaking of, judging from/by, taking everything into consideration, compared to/with, to be frank，to tell(you)the truth, to be honest, to make things worse 等。
Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong.
从口音判断，他来自香港。
To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.
说实话，我有点累。
4．独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。
(1)独立主格结构的特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
(2)独立主格结构的常见构成：①名词/代词＋分词；②名词/代词＋不定式；③with/without＋名词/代词＋分词/不定式。
Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow.
明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。
The test finished(＝When the test was finished)，we began our holiday.
考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。
1.（2025·吉林省普通高中高三一模）The abundance of the rich natural resources of Africa soon led to avarice (贪婪) on the part of the Europeans, (result) in a mad scramble for Africa’s resources, including her people.
2.（2025·辽宁省名校联盟（东北三省三校）高三联考） (compare) with Chinese festivals, which often center around family reunion (团聚) and respecting ancestors, western festivals tend to emphasize celebration, reflecting a more individualistic culture.
3.（2025·山东省第一次备考监测联考）As everyone knows, the Silk Road symbolizes the friendship between European and Asian peoples, With a history (stretch) over 2,000 years, the origins of the Silk Road in China trace back to the Han Dynasty.
4.（2025·海南省海口市高三摸底）People then started dragon boat racing ________ (scare) off the fish.
考点三 非谓语动词作宾语
1.（2024·全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 41 （catch）our attention because of their large size and variety.
2.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 ）The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
3.（2022年1月浙江卷）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ____________（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
不定式作宾语：
①常接不定式作宾语的词：like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/afford/offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/choose/pretend/arrange to do…:
②it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/consider/feel/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是…We find it necessary to master German and French.
非谓语动词作宾语
1.只接不定式作宾语的动词：
agree, plan, demand, promise, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish, hope, expect, fail (未能), pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, wait, happen (碰巧)等。
[2021·全国乙卷]Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
这里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。
2．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：
admit, avoid, consider, escape(避开), imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put off, object to, look forward to等。此外，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. ；have fun (in) doing sth. 等结构中也用动名词作宾语。
I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.
我避免提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。
It's quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim
今天很热。你想去游泳吗？
3．接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：
(1)动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
(2)不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。
(3)介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。
1.（2025·广东省清远市高三上学期一模）They hoped that this exhibition can contribute to (promote) the people- to- people links in the two countries, facilitating healthy and stable development of bilateral (双边的) relations.
2.（2025·广东省汕尾市四校联考高三月考）This new form of frugality is not a complete denial of consumerism, but a form of smart spending aimed at ________ (achieve) a balance between price and the quality of goods.
3.（2025·河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底）The ox was originally first, but he was so kind that he agreed ____ ____(carry) the little rat across the river.
考点四 考查非谓语动词作宾补
1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
动词不定式在平时模拟考试中，考查的频度较大，导致很多学生产生思维定势，见到不定式的题就用一般式to do的形式，这是平时训练的缺陷。二轮复习一定避免这个问题，做到查漏补缺。
2.（2023·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学模拟）After the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Palace Museum was established in 1925, allowing tourists at home and abroad ________ (visit) the architecture and appreciate the artistic treasures.
不定式作宾语补足语：
①常接不定式作宾补的动词有：ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/invite/
need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefer sb to do……:
例：Miss Janson persuaded the boy not to smoke any more.
②在feel, hear, listen to, look at, see, watch, notice, let, make, have等动词在主动语态时，后面作宾语补足语接的动词前不能加to； 但以上动词如为被动语态，后面接的动词前要加to。
1）Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. He always works hard.
2）The teacher is often listened to to sing the English song at home.
3.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷）No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time.
4.（2020·新课标II卷）They make great gifs and you see them many times (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
5.（2020新课标III卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds____________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
1. 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。
She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall.
她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。
2. 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后，可用过去分词或现在分词做宾语补足语。
I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.
刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
3. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词，如like, want, wish, order等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语，相当于过去分词前省略了to be。
They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year.
他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。
4. 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语，过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
She usually works in her study with the door locked.
她通常锁着门在书房工作。
非谓语动词作宾补
1.不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表示将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。
If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on.
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。
Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to speak to the new students.
完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。
(1)有些动词，如think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, understand等后常用to be作宾补或主补。
Chinese people are considered to be the most hard-working people in the world.
中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。
(2)在sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。
The president was reported to have visited China.
据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。
2．分词作宾补
(1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。
Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help
听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？
(2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。
He found himself surrounded by so many strangers.
他发现自己周围有那么多陌生人。
(3)使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：
①have sth. done＝get sth. done让别人做某事；
②have sb./sth. doing让……一直做某事；
get sth./sb. doing 使……开始做某事；
③have sb. do sth. ＝get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事。
Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed.
在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。
with的复合结构：①with＋宾语＋doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；②with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成；③with＋宾语＋to do表示将要发生的动作。
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.
这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job.
截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。
With a lot of work to do, she wasn't allowed to leave her office.
由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。
1.（2025·河北省石家庄市第二中学高三上学期月考）With his Kung Fu dream (come)true, N’ Dri has set up the Shaolin Training Camp.
2.（2025·湖北省腾云联盟高三联考）As a driver travelling between Vientiane and Boten（border town）,he can see more and more houses and factories （build） along the route.
3.（2025·湖北省重点高中智学联盟高三联考）Qin governor and irrigation engineer Li Bing investigated the problem thoroughly. He led a team (construct) a levee (堤坝) to redirect a portion of the river’s flow.
4.（2025·广西名校联盟高三适应性检测）During the trial period, delivery will be free, with fees ______ (expect) to be similar to regular services afterwards.
考点五 考查非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.（2021·英语全国甲卷）It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
不定式作主语：
1．不定式作主语：动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
2．表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时，多用doing作主语。
3．在下列两个句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语：
A. It is/was + 形容词（of sb）to do sth.
【赞扬，责备的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous，considerate…】
B. It is/was + 形容词（for sb）to do sth.
【以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful…。多数情况都用for sb作逻辑主语。】
1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old.
2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do.
2.（2018新课标III卷）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel_____________(challenge).
非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.不定式作主语和表语
(1)不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。
[2021·全国甲卷]It is possible to walk or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
步行或骑行这完整的14千米是可能的。
(2)不定式作表语时：①表示预定要发生的动作；②当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。
His wish is to be a doctor in the future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。
What I want to do most in senior high school is to improve my English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
2．动名词作主语和表语
(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing...; It's no use/good doing...; It is useless doing...; There is no point doing... 等。
Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。
It's no use complaining without taking action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。
(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。
My job is cleaning the house three times a week.＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job.
我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。
(3)remain作系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待……；留待……”时，后常接to be done。
She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.
虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。
It remains to be seen whether the newly-formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。
1.（2025·安徽省皖南八校高三摸底）For bubble tea business, (establish) a strong online presence is very important.
2.（2023·八省联考） Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier ________（make）eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
3.（2024·云贵川桂四省联考）Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe even revive corals. One option is ______ (create) more marine protected areas——essentially national parks in the ocean.
04重难点突破 非谓语动词基本知识的综合运用
非谓语动词基本知识的综合运用
通过5组易混示例，理清谓语动词和非谓语动词
【例1】 ①He volunteered to help control traffic, (donate) an hour of his time every week.
②He volunteered to help control traffic, and (donate) an hour of his time every week.
【例2】 ①The guide (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
②The guide (lead) the way, so we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
【例3】 ①The party will be held in the garden, weather (permit)．
②The party will be held in the garden, if weather (permit)．
【例4】 ①Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, and all his attention (fix) on it.
②Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, with all his attention (fix) on it.
③Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, (fix) all his attention on it.
【例5】 ①He went into the room, (sit) at the table and began to read newspapers.
②They walked along the stream together, (talk) and laughing.
1．首先辨别谓语动词和非谓语动词
(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词，则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致等。
(2)若句中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时，则所给动词一定用非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是动词－ing形式、动词－ed形式还是动词不定式形式。
2．结合语境，判断设空处在句子中作的成分，然后分析动词与逻辑主语或被修饰词等之间的关系，从而确定非谓语的形式。
3．掌握doing作宾语的动词(词组)的用法，注意介词后要跟doing作宾语。
4．若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，且表示完成，要想到用动词－ed形式。
5．若非谓语动词表示将来的动作，作状语表示目的，在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等，要想到用动词不定式形式。
6．掌握非谓语动词的句型
It's＋形容词＋(for/of sb＋) to do sth；find/think/believe/consider＋it＋形容词＋to do sth。
1．“主动或进行”使用动词-ing形式
①判断所填动词为非谓语动词后，若该动词表示“主动或进行”，则填动词-ing形式。
②“主动或进行”的意义：表示与逻辑主语构成“主动”关系；表示与谓语动词相比，该动作“正在进行”；表示“主动且进行”。三个方面只要具备其一即可。
(2021·1月浙江高考)This may be due to some disadvantages for people ________(live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】living
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子中含有谓语动词may be，且该动词与所给动词live之间没有任何连词，根据谓语动词的“唯一性”原则可知，该处应填live的非谓语动词形式；又因live与其逻辑主语people之间构成主动关系，故填动词-ing形式。
2．“被动或完成”使用动词-ed形式
①判断所填动词为非谓语动词后，若该动词表示“被动或完成”，则填动词-ed形式。
②“被动或完成”的意义：表示与逻辑主语构成“被动”关系；表示与谓语动词相比，该动作“已经完成”；表示“被动且完成”。三个方面只要具备其一即可。
(2021·1月浙江高考)In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries
_______ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子中含有谓语动词had，且该动词与所给动词study之间没有任何连词，根据谓语动词的“唯一性”原则，该处应填study的非谓语动词形式；又因study与其逻辑主语countries之间构成被动关系，故填动词-ed形式。
3.动词不定式“未发生”
①判断所填动词为非谓语动词后，若该动词与谓语动词相比较“尚未发生”，则填其不定式形式。
②若该不定式与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，则使用不定式的一般式；若为被动形式，则使用不定式的被动语态。
③常考查不定式作目的状语
(2021·6月浙江高考)Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over _______ (plant) flowers in the front yard.
【答案】to plant
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句子中含有谓语动词came，且该谓语动词与所给动词plant之间没有任何连词，根据谓语动词的“唯一性”原则，该处应填plant的非谓语动词形式；plant与谓语动词came之间相比较尚未发生，应使用不定式；又因plant与其逻辑主语Mary's sister之间为主动关系，故使用不定式的一般式。
4.介词后应使用动词-ing形式作宾语
记住常见的介词，如after，in，on，at及固定搭配中的介词，如insist on doing，be devoted to doing等。
(2021·全国甲卷)After ________(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】spending
【解析】考查非谓语动词。空前的After为介词，后应接动词-ing形式作宾语。
5.熟记一些固定句式中的非谓语动词
be likely to do sth, have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth, spend time (in) doing sth, It is possible to do ..., aim to do, see＋宾语＋宾语补足语，be＋adj.＋to do sth, set out to do ..., be expected to do等。
(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible _________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】to walk
【解析】考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。此处是固定句型“It is＋adj.＋(for sb) to do sth”。
语法填空
(2025·贵州遵义市高三第一次适应性)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（标黄题号为本专题考点）
Sun Wukong (the Monkey King), a monkey with human characteristics and abilities, is one of the best loved characters in Chinese literature. ____1____ (arm) with remarkable abilities, Sun Wukong, comes from the 16th - century classic Journey to the West. Lately, his story ____2____ (inspire) the video game Black Myth: Wukong, introducing new audiences to the beloved character.
Scholars can’t say ____3____ certain where the character of Sun Wukong originated from, but Journey to the West is likely ____4____ (come) from existing myths and legends. Some possible inspirations for the character include Wuzhiqi, an ape-like figure in Chinese mythology and Hanuman, a Hindu god with ____5____ monkey’s face.
Sun Wukong is in ____6____ (possess) of superhuman abilities and extraordinary powers, one of ____7____ enables him to shape-shift. He has many of the characteristics people associate with monkeys, including mischievousness. He fights against authority and ____8____ (trouble) by the fact that there is one thing he can never conquer: death. So he sets out to gain immortality, spending years wandering the world in search of it.
Sun Wukong spent parts of Journey to the West searching for immortality. ____9____ (fortunate), he found it in the real world: in literature and pop culture. In this rich afterlife, Sun Wukong has motivated films, plays, television series, video games, and comic books, ensuring that this ____10____ (last) character will continue to embark on new adventures with future generations.
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