阅读综合测试02 （阅读理解+七选五）
（一）
目录 （考试时间：40分钟 试卷满分：50分） 精选试题理由 阅读A选题理由：人与社会--探索丝绸之路2025·河南省三门峡市高三期末阅读B选题理由：人与自我----改变对完美主义态度的成长故事2025·山东菏泽市高三期末统考阅读C选题理由：人与社会---人的创造力的研究2025·江苏省苏州市高三学业质量阳光指标调研阅读D选题理由：人与社会---科普科研2025·山西省晋城市高三期末阅读七选五选题理由：人与自我 ---在面对挑战时可以提供帮助的一些方法2025·贵州省毕节市高三一模
阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 (每题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列文章，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2025·河南省三门峡市高三期末）
Exploring the Silk Roads: 4 stunning sites in 4 countries from Syria to China
There are countless extraordinary places to explore and these 4 choices represent only a handful of highlights.Old City of Damascus, Syria
Damascus is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, whose craft industry was famed for its decorated swords. While Damask silk originated in China, it takes its name from the trading city of Damascus. One of the most arresting sights is the Great Mosque of Damascus. After the start of the Syrian civil war, the ancient city of Damascus was added to UNESCO’s list of world heritage in danger in 2013.
Merv, Turkmenistan
Merv, an ancient city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been home to human settlements since the bronze age. It was also once one of the most important cities in the Islamic world, attracting traders, scholars and travelers from distant regions. Today it is considered one of the oldest and best-preserved oasis-cities (绿洲城市) on central Asia’s Silk Roads.
Taxila, Pakistan
Easily reachable by car from Islamabad, Taxila is a UNESCO world heritage site. Situated at a Silk Roads crossroads, the “City of Cut Stone” was one of the ancient capitals of Gandhara, a territory stretching between the Oxus and Indus rivers. Among the vast site today is a Mesolithic cave and the city’s museum, which is home to at least 2,000 priceless objects.
Dunhuang, China
Dunhuang is an oasis city in north-west China that is home to the magnificent Mogao grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The wall paintings tell an illustrated story of the Silk Roads from the fourth to the 14th centuries. Almost 500 caves have been preserved, housing countless murals and more than 2,000 painted sculptures. Cave 302 from the Sui dynasty period contains a particularly classic Silk Roads scene: a two-humped camel pulling a wagon with a merchant inside.
1．Where did Damask silk get its name from
A．China.
B．The trading city of Damascus.
C．The Great Mosque of Damascus.
D．The Syrian craft industry.
2．What can we infer about Taxila from the text
A．It was the only ancient capital of Gandhara.
B．It is remote from Islamabad.
C．It has a rich history and cultural heritage.
D．Its museum has less than 2,000 objects.
3．What do these four sites have in common
A．They were all known as silk trading centers.
B．They are all capitals of their respective countries.
C．They are all famous for their modern architecture.
D．They all have UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
B
（2025·山东菏泽市高三期末统考）
When I was growing up, my mom often said that no matter what grades I got in school, as long as I did my best, she’d be proud of me. Then she added, “But if you didn’t get an A, I’ll know you didn’t do your best.” She said it with a smile, but I took it seriously: I shouldn’t settle for anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist.
Perfectionism is the desire to be 100% perfect. The goal is zero faults and no failures. In an increasingly competitive world, kids face growing pressure from parents to be perfect and severe criticism when they fall short. Every fault is a blow to their self-esteem (自尊). I’ve lived it myself.
When I won the fifth-grade quiz bowl on world explorers, I beat myself up afterward for missing one question. How could I forget that the sea route to India was discovered by da Gama, but not Magellan When I made the finals of a Mortal Kombat tournament and won a lifetime pass to a local movie theater, I didn’t celebrate. Third place is the second loser. When I won the first prize in a math test, I was disappointed. Only a 98 Not good enough. There was always a voice in the back of my mind whispering that it wasn’t enough and that I could have done better.
It was during my college years that I started to question the value of this perfectionism. I met people who didn’t seem to be weighed down by the same expectations, who accepted their mistakes and saw them as opportunities for growth rather than failures. They taught me that it was okay to be imperfect, that it was human to make mistakes, and that sometimes, the most important lessons come from our failures.
4. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A. Why the author became a perfectionist. B. The disadvantage of being a perfectionist.
C. How the author got the good grades in school. D. The feeling of being grateful to the author’s mother.
5.What made the author unsatisfied with what had been achieved
A. Blame from parents. B. Desire to get first prize.
C. Eagerness to be perfect. D. Pressure of competitions.
6. What made the author change the attitude towards perfectionism
A. Losing expectation to succeed. B. Realizing the harm of being perfect.
C. Learning lessons from other people’s failure. D. Encountering those accepting imperfection.
7. Which column of a magazine may the text be taken from
A. Parenting Styles. B. Coming-of-Age Stories.
C. People of Achievement. D. Challenges Facing Youth.
C
（2025·江苏省苏州市高三学业质量阳光指标调研）
Have you ever wondered why creative individuals seem to spot things that other miss whether it’s an inventor who finds an innovative solution to a familiar problem or an artist who reinterprets a landscape in a fresh way, many creative people have a special ability to find significance even in ordinary things.
Think about Isaac Newton’s famous insight into gravity. According to the story, Newton saw an apple fall from a tree ― something most people might view as unimportant. Yet, in this instance, he saw the apple’s fall as significant, causing him to think about it more deeply. Entertaining the potential importance of this seemingly irrelevant occurrence led to a breakthrough connection: that the same force causing the apple to fall also influences celestial bodies like the Moon.
In this example, the creative individual’s brain flags unusual or ‘irrelevant’ information as significant, stimulating them to explore it further. This exploration allows them to consider remote ideas and associations that others overlook, increasing the possibility of a creative insight. A similar process likely unfolds in artistic contexts, such as when a painter, musician or filmmaker sees a seemingly irrelevant detail as meaningful. For instance, an artist may find themselves captivated by the shadow cast by an object, finding it more interesting than the object itself. This might inspire a series of works exploring the hidden beauty of shadows.
The uniqueness of creative individuals lies in their ability to perceive and prioritise information in distinctive ways, welcoming the unconventional and unexpected, which helps them think outside the box and come up with original ideas.
8．Why does the author mention Newton’s story in the second paragraph
A．To entertain the readers. B．To suspend disbelief.
C．To support a viewpoint. D．To explain a theory.
9．What does the underlined word “captivated” in the third paragraph probably mean
A．Tricked. B．Misled. C．Attracted. D．Withdrawn.
10．What is key to boosting creativity according to the passage
A．Removing irrelevant information. B．Perceiving what other people ignore.
C．Giving priority to unimportant details. D．Spotting the most obvious information.
11．What can we infer from the passage
A．What is unconventional and unexpected guarantees original ideas
B．Ordinary people tend to overlook relevant and important information.
C．What seems irrelevant sometimes is likely to bring about creative insight
D．Creative individuals are born with the ability to spot significance in things.
D
（2025·山西省晋城市高三期末）
Have you ever wondered what chickens are talking about Chickens are quite the communicators — their clucks, squawks and purrs are not just random sounds but a complex language system. These sounds are their way of interacting with the world and expressing joy, fear, and social connection to one another.
Like humans, the “language” of chickens varies with age, environment, and surprisingly, domestication (驯化), giving us insights into their social structures and behaviours. Understanding these sounds can transform our approach to poultry (家禽) farming, enhancing chicken welfare and quality of life.
Our research at Dalhousie University applies artificial intelligence (AI) to decode the language of chickens. It’s a project that is set to revolutionize our understanding of these feathered creatures and their communication methods, offering a window into their world that was previously closed to us. The use of AI and machine learning is like having a universal translator for chicken speech. AI can analyze vast amounts of audio data. Our algorithms (算法) are learning to recognize patterns and tiny differences in chicken sounds. This isn’t a simple task — chickens have a range of sounds that vary in pitch, tone, and context. But by using advanced data analysis techniques, we’re beginning to crack their code. This breakthrough in animal communication is not just a scientific achievement; it’s a step towards more humane and empathetic treatment of farm animals.
One of the most exciting aspects of this research is understanding the emotional content behind these sounds. Are they stressed Are they content By understanding their emotional state, we can make more informed decisions about their care and environment.
This project isn’t just about academic curiosity; it has real-world implications. We’re not only unlocking the secrets of avian (鸟类的) communication but also setting new standards for animal welfare.
12．What can be learned about chickens
A．They lack emotions. B．They behave randomly.
C．They are communicative. D．They talk oddly.
13．What benefit will chickens get from the project
A．Better care. B．Faster growth rates.
C．Better food quality. D．Enhanced social skills.
14．What is a highlight of the research
A．Revealing chickens’ behaviours. B．Understanding chickens’ emotions.
C．Analyzing chickens’ living environment. D．Discovering advanced feeding methods.
15．What is the text mainly about
A．Enhancing animal welfare by AI. B．The secret of chickens’ life.
C．Unlocking chickens’ language by AI. D．The future of poultry farming.
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)（2025·贵州省毕节市高三一模）
Life throws challenging situations on our way from time to time. Persevering through challenges can be difficult and will test our strength and resilience (复原力). Thankfully, there are ways to help us make it easier!
Try to remain calm.
16 It will make us lose control of our emotions, leading to poor decision-making. When challenges arise, it is helpful to take a step back, observe the situation without letting emotions control us, and then act. Once we are calm, we can better analyze the situation and carry out a plan of action.
Accept what is happening.
When life gets challenging, it is often beyond our control. In this case, what we should do is to accept the situation and do whatever is in our control to grow from it. 17 That’s to say, we need learn from the situation and forgive ourselves. Once we are able to accept the situation and let go, we will be able to move forward and think clearly about the next steps. 18
When we are faced with stressful situations, it is common to think the worst scenario (设想) will happen. It can be difficult for us to take a step back and recognize that things will not be this way forever. Instead, keeping a balanced attitude can help us to change our mindset. 19
Seek support.
Seeking support, whether it is from a friend, family member, or a professional, is never a sign of weakness. 20 It can provide emotional support and a new perspective on the situation. Most importantly, it can help us brainstorm possible solutions, so that we can face the challenge better.
A．Adopt a balanced attitude.
B．Focus on the positive aspects.
C．It is important to acknowledge mistakes.
D．Acceptance also includes accepting ourselves.
E．Turning to someone for help has many benefits.
F．When challenging events happen, we may feel panic.
G．It can also help us address negative thoughts and challenges.
（二）
目录 （考试时间：40分钟 试卷满分：50分） 精选试题理由 阅读A选题理由：人与社会---四位著名女科学家2025·山东菏泽市高三期末统考阅读B选题理由：人与社会----38岁的麦金太尔和丈夫建立了名为RIP医疗债务的组织，来帮助那些无力支付医疗债务的人2025·山东省青岛市崂山区青岛第二中学高三期末阅读C选题理由：人与自我---学生阅读量较少这一现象及其对学生的影响2025·江西省赣州市高三期末阅读D选题理由：人与社会---科学研究报告2025·辽宁省大连市高三双基阅读七选五选题理由：人与自我 ---如何通过培养兴趣爱好让生活更幸福、更健康2025·安徽黄山市期末质量检测
阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 (每题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列文章，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2025·山东菏泽市高三期末统考）
Four Famous Female Scientists
Katherine Johnson
Katherine Johnson graduated from college — with honors — at the same age most people graduated from high school. She later applied to a program at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and earned a spot as one of the agency’s human computers. One of Katherine’s most important jobs was calculating the path of the first American manned spaceflight in 1961 and the Apollo moon landing in 1969. While NASA began using computers for the task in 1962, astronaut John Glenn refused to go into flight until Katherine checked the computer’s calculations by hand.
Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin
When Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin became the first woman to receive a PhD from Harvard’s Radeliffe College, no one knew how much her doctoral paper would change the world of science. Her conclusion that stars are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium (氦) contradicted the main theory of the time, and some of the day’s leading scientists openly questioned her findings. It would take more than a decade for another scientist to reach the same conclusion.
Lise Meitner
Lise Meitner is one of only two women to have an element named in her honor — the element with the atomic number 109 is called meitnerium. She was the first physics professor in Germany and the first scientist to include the term“nuclear fission (裂变)” in a published paper. During her career, she discovered what causes the Auger Effect, explained how nuclear fission works, and uncovered the element protactinium (镤).
Grace Hopper
Grace Hopper was known for her pioneering work in the development of computer programming languages. She began her career in computing and worked on the Harvard Mark I computer program. Later, she created the first program that translated code into machine language, and also developed the COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) programming language.
1. What was one of Katherine Johnson’s significant contributions
A. She earned a PhD from Harvard. B. She developed a programming language.
C. She explained how nuclear fission works. D. She calculated the path for major space missions.
2. Whose conclusion about stars faced opposition from leading scientists
A. Katherine Johnson’s. B. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin’s.
C. Lise Meitner’s. D. Grace Hopper’s.
3. What do Lise Meitner and Grace Hopper have in common
A. They graduated from Harvard. B. They discovered new elements.
C. They worked on something about computers. D. They were both pioneers in their own field.
B
（2025·山东省青岛市崂山区青岛第二中学高三期末）
Ms. McIntyre, 38, worked as a publisher. She suffered brain cancer and her health got worse despite some medical treatment. But she realized that in a way, she was luckier than some other people. She had insurance to help pay for her medical care. But Ms. McIntyre and her husband, Mr. Gregory, knew that many people with cancer face tough decisions because of the costs of medical care and wind up owing far more than they can pay.
Though her health was failing, Ms. McIntyre decided to help pay off the medical debts of as many people as she possibly could. The couple began donating money to a group called RIP Medical Debt, which is committed to working to pay off the unpaid medical debts of others. The group can pay off medical bills for about 100 times less money than they cost. In other words, for every 100 donated, the group can pay off 10,000 in unpaid medical bills.
Unfortunately, Ms. McIntyre passed away before long. Mr. Gregory posted a message for Ms. McIntyre on her social media accounts. “If you’re reading this, I have passed away,” the post began. Then the post explained, “To celebrate my life, I’ve arranged to buy up others’ medical debts and then destroy the debts.”
The couple had set up a page on a website to raise money for this purpose. They had hoped to raise about $20,000. Nevertheless, Ms. McIntyre’s last post attracted a lot of attention. The donations on her web page quickly passed the total goal. In less than a week, the site had raised 10 times more than expected and the donations are still coming in. By November 22, 2023, Ms. McIntyre’s web page had raised over $627,000, or enough money to pay off about $60 million in medical debts.
Mr. Gregory planned a special event in December to celebrate Ms. McIntyre’s life and to announce how many millions of dollars of medical debts her efforts had paid for.
4．Why did Ms. McIntyre feel luckier than some other people
A．The doctors eventually cured her. B．Her disease didn’t become worse.
C．She had a decent job before being ill. D．She had security about medical care.
5．How did Ms. McIntyre and her husband help others
A．By paying for their daily debts. B．By giving away money to them.
C．By ridding them of debts from treatments. D．By purchasing medical insurance for them.
6．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The public involvement. B．The couple’s commitment.
C．The operation of a website. D．The increase of medical debts.
7．Which of the following words can best describe Ms. McIntyre
A．Humorous and elegant. B．Influential and understanding.
C．Cautious and promising. D．Enthusiastic and adaptable.
C
（2025·江西省赣州市高三期末）
Nicholas Dames has taught Literature Humanities at Columbia University since 1998. He loves the job, but it has changed. Over the past decade, students have become bewildered by the thought of finishing multiple books a semester. This development puzzled Dames until a first-year student shared how challenging she had found the early assignments. The student said that at her public high school, she was only assigned passages, but not entire books. “My jaw dropped,” Dames told me. This helped explain the change: It’s not that they don’t want to read. It’s that they don’t know how.
Failing to complete a 14-line poem without giving in to distraction (干扰) suggests one familiar explanation for the decrease in reading ability: smartphones. Teenagers are constantly drawn by their devices. Reading books, even for pleasure, can’t compete with TikTok. In 1976, about 40 percent of high-school seniors said they had read at least six books for fun in the previous year, compared with 11.5 percent who hadn’t read any. By 2022, those percentages had flipped.
But high school kids appear to be encountering fewer and fewer books in the classroom as well. Since the ability to read an entire book is difficult to assess, teachers focus on skills that are easier to measure. They have shifted from books to short passages, followed by questions about the author’s main idea, just as standardized reading-comprehension tests do.
Faced with this situation, many college professors feel they have no choice but to assign less reading and lower their expectations. This means students will miss out on the mental development that comes from reading entire books. Reading enlarges your sympathies. Deep reading — sustained focus on a text — encourages a number of valuable mental habits, including critical thinking and self-reflection, in ways that skimming or reading in short passages does not.
I can imagine worse preparations for the trials, and thrills, of Literature Humanities. But we’ve never forgotten the originals. To understand the human condition, and to appreciate humankind’s greatest achievements, you still need to read The Iliad — all of it.
8．What does the underlined word “bewildered” mean in paragraph 1
A．Delighted. B．Confused.
C．Amazed. D．Relieved.
9．Why does the author list numbers in paragraph 2
A．To highlight the rise of social media.
B．To clarify the problems of smartphones.
C．To illustrate the change in reading methods.
D．To demonstrate the decline in book reading.
10．What is a result of professors assigning less reading
A．The shortage of learning motivation.
B．The reduction of genuine sympathies.
C．The loss of cognitive growth opportunities.
D．The restriction of personal academic progress.
11．What is the author’s attitude towards reading originals
A．Doubtful. B．Supportive.
C．Cautious. D．Indifferent.
D
（2025·辽宁省大连市高三双基）
If you proudly believe you’re right in a disagreement with a friend or colleague, a new study suggests why you may actually be wrong. Researchers found that people naturally assume they have all the information they need to make a decision or support their position, even when they do not. The researchers called it the “illusion of information adequacy”.
“We found that, in general, people don’t stop to think whether there might be more information that would help them make a more informed decision,” said study co-author Angus Fletcher, a professor of English at The Ohio State University. “If you give people a few pieces of information that seems to line up, most will say ‘that sounds about right’ and go with that.”
The study, published in the journal PLOS ONE, involved 1,261 Americans who participated online. They were split into three groups who read an article about a fictional school that lacked adequate water. One group read an article that only gave reasons why the school should merge with another that had adequate water; a second group’s article only gave reasons for staying separate and hoping for other solutions; and the third group read all the arguments for the schools merging and for staying separate.
The findings showed that the two groups who read half the story — either just the pro-merging or just the anti-merging arguments — still believed they had enough information to make a good decision. “Those with half the information actually show greater certainty in their decision to merge or remain separate than those who had the complete story,” Fletcher said.
These discoveries enhance our understanding of na ve realism, where individuals perceive their personal viewpoints as the factual reality, as Fletcher noted. Research on na ve realism often focuses on how people have different understandings of the same situation.
“Your first move when you disagree with someone should be to think, ‘Is there something that I’m missing that would help me see their perspective and understand their position better ’” Fletcher said, “That’s the way to fight this illusion of information adequacy.”
12．What will “illusion of information adequacy” make us do
A．Believe we have enough information.
B．Judge if we have enough information.
C．Seek all information to make a decision.
D．Hesitate to decide without full information.
13．In the study, who are more confident in decision-making
A．Critical information readers. B．Balanced information readers.
C．Overloaded information readers. D．One-sided information readers.
14．Which of the examples can illustrate na ve realism
A．A teacher encourages multiple viewpoints.
B．A scientist draws a conclusion based on data.
C．A driver insists the other party is fully responsible.
D．A student writes an essay with limited search results.
15．What does Fletcher advise us to do in the text
A．To rely on your own information. B．To listen to those who agree with you.
C．To think about overlooked viewpoints. D．To assume you have all the relevant facts.
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)（2025·安徽黄山市期末质量检测）
A recent study suggests that challenging, fun and engaging hobbies have the power to make people happier and healthier. But where do you start ___16___
Ask yourself how you want to feel
Hobbies present an escape — they can help you get out of your head and calm down. Ask yourself how you want an activity to make you feel. ___17___ There’s no such thing as one perfect hobby, thus it’s appropriate to recognize you have different needs at different moments.
___18___
Don’t invest a ton of time and money in a new hobby immediately. You can figure out gradually if it’s right for you or you can do it more later. If you’re wondering if bowling might be a good fit, join an outing or two with a local Meetup group.
Be open
It’s significant to keep an open mind to potential hobbies. Katina went hiking and someone handed her a book about how to plant. Instead of throwing it away, she paid attention, and now she has a new hobby.
___19___ However, we often forget that in a very burned-out world. So seize the opportunity, or you won’t guess what you’d love.
Remove guilt
A mental health counselor helps those who feel guilty about spending time on leisure. “Give yourself permission to do something that you like,” he suggests, “and keep in mind that if a hobby makes you healthier and happier, everyone around you will benefit. ___20___ It’s certain that it will make you a better person in every aspect of your life.
A. Start small
B. Keep a list
C. We’re excited as humans to be curious and open.
D. Hobbies live in the pleasure world, not necessarily the mastery world.
E. Experts give the advice on how to discover the hobbies you don’t yet know you’ll love.
F. It’s also helpful to consider what your life is missing, like creativity or physical activity.
G. Think of discovering a new hobby that will add fulfilling new dimensions to your life.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)阅读综合测试02 （阅读理解+七选五）
（一）
目录 （考试时间：40分钟 试卷满分：50分） 精选试题理由 阅读A选题理由：人与社会--探索丝绸之路2025·河南省三门峡市高三期末阅读B选题理由：人与自我----改变对完美主义态度的成长故事2025·山东菏泽市高三期末统考阅读C选题理由：人与社会---人的创造力的研究2025·江苏省苏州市高三学业质量阳光指标调研阅读D选题理由：人与社会---科普科研2025·山西省晋城市高三期末阅读七选五选题理由：人与自我 ---在面对挑战时可以提供帮助的一些方法2025·贵州省毕节市高三一模
阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 (每题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列文章，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2025·河南省三门峡市高三期末）
Exploring the Silk Roads: 4 stunning sites in 4 countries from Syria to China
There are countless extraordinary places to explore and these 4 choices represent only a handful of highlights.Old City of Damascus, Syria
Damascus is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, whose craft industry was famed for its decorated swords. While Damask silk originated in China, it takes its name from the trading city of Damascus. One of the most arresting sights is the Great Mosque of Damascus. After the start of the Syrian civil war, the ancient city of Damascus was added to UNESCO’s list of world heritage in danger in 2013.
Merv, Turkmenistan
Merv, an ancient city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been home to human settlements since the bronze age. It was also once one of the most important cities in the Islamic world, attracting traders, scholars and travelers from distant regions. Today it is considered one of the oldest and best-preserved oasis-cities (绿洲城市) on central Asia’s Silk Roads.
Taxila, Pakistan
Easily reachable by car from Islamabad, Taxila is a UNESCO world heritage site. Situated at a Silk Roads crossroads, the “City of Cut Stone” was one of the ancient capitals of Gandhara, a territory stretching between the Oxus and Indus rivers. Among the vast site today is a Mesolithic cave and the city’s museum, which is home to at least 2,000 priceless objects.
Dunhuang, China
Dunhuang is an oasis city in north-west China that is home to the magnificent Mogao grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The wall paintings tell an illustrated story of the Silk Roads from the fourth to the 14th centuries. Almost 500 caves have been preserved, housing countless murals and more than 2,000 painted sculptures. Cave 302 from the Sui dynasty period contains a particularly classic Silk Roads scene: a two-humped camel pulling a wagon with a merchant inside.
1．Where did Damask silk get its name from
A．China.
B．The trading city of Damascus.
C．The Great Mosque of Damascus.
D．The Syrian craft industry.
2．What can we infer about Taxila from the text
A．It was the only ancient capital of Gandhara.
B．It is remote from Islamabad.
C．It has a rich history and cultural heritage.
D．Its museum has less than 2,000 objects.
3．What do these four sites have in common
A．They were all known as silk trading centers.
B．They are all capitals of their respective countries.
C．They are all famous for their modern architecture.
D．They all have UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了探索丝绸之路：从叙利亚到中国四个国家的四个令人惊叹的遗址。
1．细节理解题。由文章Old City of Damascus, Syria部分中“While Damask silk originated in China, it takes its name from the trading city of Damascus. (虽然大马士革绸起源于中国，但它的名字却来源于贸易城市大马士革)”可知，大马士革绸名字来源于大马士革这座贸易城市。故选B。
2．推理判断题。由文章Taxila, Pakistan部分中“Easily reachable by car from Islamabad, Taxila is a UNESCO world heritage site. Situated at a Silk Roads crossroads, the “City of Cut Stone” was one of the ancient capitals of Gandhara, a territory stretching between the Oxus and Indus rivers. Among the vast site today is a Mesolithic cave and the city’s museum, which is home to at least 2,000 priceless objects. (塔克西拉距离伊斯兰堡车程约一小时，是联合国教科文组织世界遗产地。它位于丝绸之路的交汇处，被誉为“石刻之城”，曾是古犍陀罗地区（位于阿姆河与印度河之间）的古都之一。如今，这片广阔的遗址上有一个中石器时代洞穴和城市博物馆，后者珍藏着至少2000件无价之宝)”可知，塔克西拉具有丰富的历史和文化遗产。故选C。
3．细节理解题。由文章Old City of Damascus, Syria部分中“One of the most arresting sights is the Great Mosque of Damascus. After the start of the Syrian civil war, the ancient city of Damascus was added to UNESCO’s list of world heritage in danger in 2013. (最引人注目的景点之一是大马士革清真寺。叙利亚内战爆发后，这座古城于2013年被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》中的濒危遗产名录)”、Merv, Turkmenistan部分中“Merv, an ancient city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, has been home to human settlements since the bronze age. (梅尔夫是一座古城，也是联合国教科文组织世界遗产地，自青铜时代起就有人类居住)”、Taxila, Pakistan部分中“Easily reachable by car from Islamabad, Taxila is a UNESCO world heritage site. (塔克西拉距离伊斯兰堡车程约一小时，是联合国教科文组织世界遗产地)”以及Dunhuang, China部分中“Dunhuang is an oasis city in north-west China that is home to the magnificent Mogao grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage site. (敦煌是中国西北部的一座绿洲城市，拥有壮观的莫高窟，这是一处联合国教科文组织世界遗产地)”可知，这四个地方都是联合国教科文组织的世界遗产地。故选D。
B
（2025·山东菏泽市高三期末统考）
When I was growing up, my mom often said that no matter what grades I got in school, as long as I did my best, she’d be proud of me. Then she added, “But if you didn’t get an A, I’ll know you didn’t do your best.” She said it with a smile, but I took it seriously: I shouldn’t settle for anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist.
Perfectionism is the desire to be 100% perfect. The goal is zero faults and no failures. In an increasingly competitive world, kids face growing pressure from parents to be perfect and severe criticism when they fall short. Every fault is a blow to their self-esteem (自尊). I’ve lived it myself.
When I won the fifth-grade quiz bowl on world explorers, I beat myself up afterward for missing one question. How could I forget that the sea route to India was discovered by da Gama, but not Magellan When I made the finals of a Mortal Kombat tournament and won a lifetime pass to a local movie theater, I didn’t celebrate. Third place is the second loser. When I won the first prize in a math test, I was disappointed. Only a 98 Not good enough. There was always a voice in the back of my mind whispering that it wasn’t enough and that I could have done better.
It was during my college years that I started to question the value of this perfectionism. I met people who didn’t seem to be weighed down by the same expectations, who accepted their mistakes and saw them as opportunities for growth rather than failures. They taught me that it was okay to be imperfect, that it was human to make mistakes, and that sometimes, the most important lessons come from our failures.
4. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A. Why the author became a perfectionist. B. The disadvantage of being a perfectionist.
C. How the author got the good grades in school. D. The feeling of being grateful to the author’s mother.
5.What made the author unsatisfied with what had been achieved
A. Blame from parents. B. Desire to get first prize.
C. Eagerness to be perfect. D. Pressure of competitions.
6. What made the author change the attitude towards perfectionism
A. Losing expectation to succeed. B. Realizing the harm of being perfect.
C. Learning lessons from other people’s failure. D. Encountering those accepting imperfection.
7. Which column of a magazine may the text be taken from
A. Parenting Styles. B. Coming-of-Age Stories.
C. People of Achievement. D. Challenges Facing Youth.
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小到大追求完美，到大学时期因遇到一些人而改变对完美主义态度的成长故事。
4.主旨大意题。根据第一段“When I was growing up, my mom often said that no matter what grades I got in school, as long as I did my best, she’d be proud of me. Then she added, “But if you didn’t get an A, I’ll know you didn’t do your best.” She said it with a smile, but I took it seriously: I shouldn’t settle for anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist.(在我成长的过程中，我妈妈经常说，不管我在学校取得了什么成绩，只要我做到了最好，她就会为我感到骄傲。然后她又说：“但如果你没有得到A，我就知道你没有尽力。”她说这话时面带微笑，但我却当真了：我不应该满足于任何不完美的东西。我最大的缺点是过于追求完美)”可知，第一段主要讲的是作者成为完美主义者的原因。故选A。
5.细节理解题。根据第二段“Perfectionism is the desire to be 100% perfect. The goal is zero faults and no failures.(完美主义就是想要100%完美。目标是零错误，没有失败)”以及第三段“When I won the fifth-grade quiz bowl on world explorers, I beat myself up afterward for missing one question.(当我在五年级世界探险家竞赛中获胜时，我因为错过了一道题而自责)”可知，渴望完美让作者对已经取得的成就不满意。故选C。
6.细节理解题。根据最后一段“I met people who didn’t seem to be weighed down by the same expectations, who accepted their mistakes and saw them as opportunities for growth rather than failures. They taught me that it was okay to be imperfect, that it was human to make mistakes, and that sometimes, the most important lessons come from our failures.(我遇到了一些人，他们似乎没有被同样的期望所拖累，他们接受自己的错误，把它们视为成长的机会，而不是失败。他们告诉我，不完美是可以接受的，犯错误是人之常情，有时候，最重要的教训来自于我们的失败)”可知，遇到那些接受不完美的人让作者改变了对完美主义的态度。故选D。
7.推理判断题。根据第一段“My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist.(我最大的缺点是过于追求完美)”以及最后一段“It was during my college years that I started to question the value of this perfectionism.(在大学期间，我开始质疑这种完美主义的价值)”结合文章主要讲述了作者从小到大追求完美，到大学时期因遇到一些人而改变对完美主义态度的成长故事。可知，这篇文章可能取自杂志的“成长故事”专栏。故选B。
C
（2025·江苏省苏州市高三学业质量阳光指标调研）
Have you ever wondered why creative individuals seem to spot things that other miss whether it’s an inventor who finds an innovative solution to a familiar problem or an artist who reinterprets a landscape in a fresh way, many creative people have a special ability to find significance even in ordinary things.
Think about Isaac Newton’s famous insight into gravity. According to the story, Newton saw an apple fall from a tree ― something most people might view as unimportant. Yet, in this instance, he saw the apple’s fall as significant, causing him to think about it more deeply. Entertaining the potential importance of this seemingly irrelevant occurrence led to a breakthrough connection: that the same force causing the apple to fall also influences celestial bodies like the Moon.
In this example, the creative individual’s brain flags unusual or ‘irrelevant’ information as significant, stimulating them to explore it further. This exploration allows them to consider remote ideas and associations that others overlook, increasing the possibility of a creative insight. A similar process likely unfolds in artistic contexts, such as when a painter, musician or filmmaker sees a seemingly irrelevant detail as meaningful. For instance, an artist may find themselves captivated by the shadow cast by an object, finding it more interesting than the object itself. This might inspire a series of works exploring the hidden beauty of shadows.
The uniqueness of creative individuals lies in their ability to perceive and prioritise information in distinctive ways, welcoming the unconventional and unexpected, which helps them think outside the box and come up with original ideas.
8．Why does the author mention Newton’s story in the second paragraph
A．To entertain the readers. B．To suspend disbelief.
C．To support a viewpoint. D．To explain a theory.
9．What does the underlined word “captivated” in the third paragraph probably mean
A．Tricked. B．Misled. C．Attracted. D．Withdrawn.
10．What is key to boosting creativity according to the passage
A．Removing irrelevant information. B．Perceiving what other people ignore.
C．Giving priority to unimportant details. D．Spotting the most obvious information.
11．What can we infer from the passage
A．What is unconventional and unexpected guarantees original ideas
B．Ordinary people tend to overlook relevant and important information.
C．What seems irrelevant sometimes is likely to bring about creative insight
D．Creative individuals are born with the ability to spot significance in things.
【答案】8．C 9．C 10．B 11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文，阐述了有创造力的人能发现别人忽视的事物，他们的大脑会将不寻常或“不相关”的信息标记为重要，从而刺激他们进一步探索，进而产生创造性的见解。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段提出观点“creative individuals seem to spot things that other miss(有创造力的人似乎能发现别人错过的东西)”、第二段“Think about Isaac Newton’s famous insight into gravity. According to the story, Newton saw an apple fall from a tree ― something most people might view as unimportant. Yet, in this instance, he saw the apple’s fall as significant, causing him to think about it more deeply. Entertaining the potential importance of this seemingly irrelevant occurrence led to a breakthrough connection: that the same force causing the apple to fall also influences celestial bodies like the Moon(想一想艾萨克·牛顿关于引力的著名见解。据这个故事说，牛顿看到一颗苹果从树上落下——这是大多数人可能认为不重要的事情。然而，在这个例子中，他把这个苹果的掉落看作是重要的，促使他更深入地思考。对这一看似不相关的事件的潜在重要性进行思考，导致了突破性的联系：即导致苹果掉落的同样力量也影响着像月球这样的天体)”可知，第一段提出了观点“有创造力的人似乎能发现别人错过的东西”，第二段讲述牛顿看到苹果落地这个大多数人认为不重要的事却深入思考得出重力的理论，是为了支持第一段提出的观点，故选C项。
9．词义猜测题。根据第三段“an artist may find themselvescaptivated by the shadow cast by an object, finding it more interesting than the object itself.(一位艺术家可能会发现自己被一个物体投下的阴影所captivated，发现它比物体本身更有趣)”可知，艺术家可能会发现物体投下的阴影比物体本身更有趣。可推理出这里是说艺术家被阴影所吸引，所以captivated的意思是“吸引”，故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“creative individuals seem to spot things that other miss(有创造力的人似乎能发现别人错过的东西)”以及第三段“The uniqueness of creative individuals lies in their ability to perceive and prioritise information in distinctive ways, welcoming the unconventional and unexpected, which helps them think outside the box and come up with original ideas(有创造力的人的独特之处在于他们能够以独特的方式感知和优先处理信息，欢迎非传统和意外的事物，这有助于他们跳出框框思考并提出原创想法)”可知，提升创造力的关键是感知别人忽视的东西。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Think about Isaac Newton’s famous insight into gravity. According to the story, Newton saw an apple fall from a tree ― something most people might view as unimportant. Yet, in this instance, he saw the apple's fall as significant, causing him to think about it more deeply. Entertaining the potential importance of this seemingly irrelevant occurrence led to a breakthrough connection: that the same force causing the apple to fall also influences celestial bodies like the Moon(想一想艾萨克·牛顿关于引力的著名见解。据这个故事说，牛顿看到一颗苹果从树上落下——这是大多数人可能认为不重要的事情。然而，在这个例子中，他把这个苹果的掉落看作是重要的，促使他更深入地思考。对这一看似不相关的事件的潜在重要性进行思考，导致了突破性的联系：即导致苹果掉落的同样力量也影响着像月球这样的天体)”可知，牛顿从苹果落地这一看起来不相关的事件中得到重力的突破。再根据第三段“This exploration allows them to consider remote ideas and associations that others overlook, increasing the possibility of a creative insight. A similar process likely unfolds in artistic contexts, such as when a painter, musician or filmmaker sees a seemingly irrelevant detail as meaningful (这种探索使他们能够思考别人忽视的遥远想法和联系，增加了获得创造性见解的可能性。在艺术情境中，可能也会展开类似的过程，例如，当画家、音乐家或电影制作人认为一个看似不相关的细节是有意义的时候)”可知，感知别人忽视的东西使他们能够思考别人忽视的遥远想法和联系，增加了获得创造性见解的可能性。可推理出有时看似不相关的事物有可能带来创造性的见解。故选C项。
D
（2025·山西省晋城市高三期末）
Have you ever wondered what chickens are talking about Chickens are quite the communicators — their clucks, squawks and purrs are not just random sounds but a complex language system. These sounds are their way of interacting with the world and expressing joy, fear, and social connection to one another.
Like humans, the “language” of chickens varies with age, environment, and surprisingly, domestication (驯化), giving us insights into their social structures and behaviours. Understanding these sounds can transform our approach to poultry (家禽) farming, enhancing chicken welfare and quality of life.
Our research at Dalhousie University applies artificial intelligence (AI) to decode the language of chickens. It’s a project that is set to revolutionize our understanding of these feathered creatures and their communication methods, offering a window into their world that was previously closed to us. The use of AI and machine learning is like having a universal translator for chicken speech. AI can analyze vast amounts of audio data. Our algorithms (算法) are learning to recognize patterns and tiny differences in chicken sounds. This isn’t a simple task — chickens have a range of sounds that vary in pitch, tone, and context. But by using advanced data analysis techniques, we’re beginning to crack their code. This breakthrough in animal communication is not just a scientific achievement; it’s a step towards more humane and empathetic treatment of farm animals.
One of the most exciting aspects of this research is understanding the emotional content behind these sounds. Are they stressed Are they content By understanding their emotional state, we can make more informed decisions about their care and environment.
This project isn’t just about academic curiosity; it has real-world implications. We’re not only unlocking the secrets of avian (鸟类的) communication but also setting new standards for animal welfare.
12．What can be learned about chickens
A．They lack emotions. B．They behave randomly.
C．They are communicative. D．They talk oddly.
13．What benefit will chickens get from the project
A．Better care. B．Faster growth rates.
C．Better food quality. D．Enhanced social skills.
14．What is a highlight of the research
A．Revealing chickens’ behaviours. B．Understanding chickens’ emotions.
C．Analyzing chickens’ living environment. D．Discovering advanced feeding methods.
15．What is the text mainly about
A．Enhancing animal welfare by AI. B．The secret of chickens’ life.
C．Unlocking chickens’ language by AI. D．The future of poultry farming.
【答案】12．C 13．A 14．B 15．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了达尔豪西大学的研究人员利用人工智能解码鸡的语言，这一突破不仅是一项科学成就，更是朝着更人道、更有同理心地对待农场动物迈出的一步。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Chickens are quite the communicators — their clucks, squawks and purrs are not just random sounds but a complex language system.(鸡是非常善于交流的动物——它们的咯咯声、尖叫声和咕噜声不仅仅是随机的声音，而是一个复杂的语言系统。)”可知，鸡是非常善于交流的。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段“Understanding these sounds can transform our approach to poultry (家禽) farming, enhancing chicken welfare and quality of life.(理解这些声音能够改变我们的家禽饲养方式，从而提升鸡的福利和生活质量。)”和第三段“This breakthrough in animal communication is not just a scientific achievement; it’s a step towards more humane and empathetic treatment of farm animals.(这一在动物交流方面的突破不仅仅是一项科学成就；它是朝着更人道、更有同理心地对待农场动物迈出的一步。)”可推知，鸡从这个项目中能得到更好的照顾。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“One of the most exciting aspects of this research is understanding the emotional content behind these sounds.(这项研究最令人兴奋的方面之一是理解这些声音背后的情感内容。)”可知，这项研究的亮点是理解鸡的情感。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段提到“Our research at Dalhousie University applies artificial intelligence (AI) to decode the language of chickens. It’s a project that is set to revolutionize our understanding of these feathered creatures and their communication methods, offering a window into their world that was previously closed to us.(我们在达尔豪西大学的研究利用人工智能解码鸡的语言。这个项目将彻底改变我们对这些有羽毛的生物及其交流方式的理解，为我们打开了一扇通往它们世界的窗户，而这扇窗户以前对我们来说是关闭的。)”可知，本文主要讲的是达尔豪西大学的研究人员利用人工智能解码鸡的语言。故选C。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)（2025·贵州省毕节市高三一模）
Life throws challenging situations on our way from time to time. Persevering through challenges can be difficult and will test our strength and resilience (复原力). Thankfully, there are ways to help us make it easier!
Try to remain calm.
16 It will make us lose control of our emotions, leading to poor decision-making. When challenges arise, it is helpful to take a step back, observe the situation without letting emotions control us, and then act. Once we are calm, we can better analyze the situation and carry out a plan of action.
Accept what is happening.
When life gets challenging, it is often beyond our control. In this case, what we should do is to accept the situation and do whatever is in our control to grow from it. 17 That’s to say, we need learn from the situation and forgive ourselves. Once we are able to accept the situation and let go, we will be able to move forward and think clearly about the next steps. 18
When we are faced with stressful situations, it is common to think the worst scenario (设想) will happen. It can be difficult for us to take a step back and recognize that things will not be this way forever. Instead, keeping a balanced attitude can help us to change our mindset. 19
Seek support.
Seeking support, whether it is from a friend, family member, or a professional, is never a sign of weakness. 20 It can provide emotional support and a new perspective on the situation. Most importantly, it can help us brainstorm possible solutions, so that we can face the challenge better.
A．Adopt a balanced attitude.
B．Focus on the positive aspects.
C．It is important to acknowledge mistakes.
D．Acceptance also includes accepting ourselves.
E．Turning to someone for help has many benefits.
F．When challenging events happen, we may feel panic.
G．It can also help us address negative thoughts and challenges.
【答案】16．F 17．D 18．A 19．G 20．E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在面对挑战时可以提供帮助的一些方法。
16．上文“Try to remain calm. (尽量保持冷静)”说明本段介绍面对挑战时要保持冷静，以及下文“It will make us lose control of our emotions, leading to poor decision-making.(这会让我们失去对情绪的控制，导致决策失误)”说明空处介绍的情况会导致我们失去对情绪的控制，F项“当挑战性事件发生时，我们可能会感到恐慌。”引出下文的后果，与保持冷静形成对比。故选F。
17．上文“Accept what is happening.(接受正在发生的事情)”以及“When life gets challenging, it is often beyond our control. In this case, what we should do is to accept the situation and do whatever is in our control to grow from it.(当生活变得充满挑战时，它往往超出了我们的控制范围。在这种情况下，我们应该做的就是接受这种情况，并尽我们所能从中成长)”说明本段强调接受当下的重要性，下文“That’s to say, we need learn from the situation and forgive ourselves.(也就是说，我们需要从这种情况中吸取教训，原谅自己)”说明我们要原谅自己，D项“接受也包括接受自己。”承接上文，并引出下文，进一步补充说明接受的范围，符合题意。故选D。
18．下文“When we are faced with stressful situations, it is common to think the worst scenario (设想) will happen. It can be difficult for us to take a step back and recognize that things will not be this way forever. Instead, keeping a balanced attitude can help us to change our mindset. (当我们面临压力时，通常会认为最糟糕的设想会发生。我们很难退一步，认识到事情不会永远这样。相反，保持平衡的态度可以帮助我们改变心态)”说明要保持平衡态度的重要性。A项“采取平衡的态度。”与本段中心吻合，适合作为段落主题句。故选A。
19．上文“Instead, keeping a balanced attitude can help us to change our mindset.(相反，保持平衡的态度可以帮助我们改变心态)”说明保持平衡态度的作用，G项“它还可以帮助我们应对负面想法和挑战。”与上文并列，继续说明保持平衡态度的益处，符合题意。故选G。
20．根据上文“Seeking support, whether it is from a friend, family member, or a professional, is never a sign of weakness.(寻求支持，无论是来自朋友、家人还是专业人士，从来都不是软弱的表现)”和下文“It can provide emotional support and a new perspective on the situation. Most importantly, it can help us brainstorm possible solutions, so that we can face the challenge better.(它可以提供情感支持和对情况的新视角。最重要的是，它可以帮助我们集思广益，找到可能的解决方案，以便我们更好地应对挑战)”可知，向他人救助有很多好处，E项“向他人求助有很多好处”承上启下，符合题意。故选E。
（二）
目录 （考试时间：40分钟 试卷满分：50分） 精选试题理由 阅读A选题理由：人与社会---四位著名女科学家2025·山东菏泽市高三期末统考阅读B选题理由：人与社会----38岁的麦金太尔和丈夫建立了名为RIP医疗债务的组织，来帮助那些无力支付医疗债务的人2025·山东省青岛市崂山区青岛第二中学高三期末阅读C选题理由：人与自我---学生阅读量较少这一现象及其对学生的影响2025·江西省赣州市高三期末阅读D选题理由：人与社会---科学研究报告2025·辽宁省大连市高三双基阅读七选五选题理由：人与自我 ---如何通过培养兴趣爱好让生活更幸福、更健康2025·安徽黄山市期末质量检测
阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 (每题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列文章，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2025·山东菏泽市高三期末统考）
Four Famous Female Scientists
Katherine Johnson
Katherine Johnson graduated from college — with honors — at the same age most people graduated from high school. She later applied to a program at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and earned a spot as one of the agency’s human computers. One of Katherine’s most important jobs was calculating the path of the first American manned spaceflight in 1961 and the Apollo moon landing in 1969. While NASA began using computers for the task in 1962, astronaut John Glenn refused to go into flight until Katherine checked the computer’s calculations by hand.
Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin
When Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin became the first woman to receive a PhD from Harvard’s Radeliffe College, no one knew how much her doctoral paper would change the world of science. Her conclusion that stars are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium (氦) contradicted the main theory of the time, and some of the day’s leading scientists openly questioned her findings. It would take more than a decade for another scientist to reach the same conclusion.
Lise Meitner
Lise Meitner is one of only two women to have an element named in her honor — the element with the atomic number 109 is called meitnerium. She was the first physics professor in Germany and the first scientist to include the term“nuclear fission (裂变)” in a published paper. During her career, she discovered what causes the Auger Effect, explained how nuclear fission works, and uncovered the element protactinium (镤).
Grace Hopper
Grace Hopper was known for her pioneering work in the development of computer programming languages. She began her career in computing and worked on the Harvard Mark I computer program. Later, she created the first program that translated code into machine language, and also developed the COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) programming language.
1. What was one of Katherine Johnson’s significant contributions
A. She earned a PhD from Harvard. B. She developed a programming language.
C. She explained how nuclear fission works. D. She calculated the path for major space missions.
2. Whose conclusion about stars faced opposition from leading scientists
A. Katherine Johnson’s. B. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin’s.
C. Lise Meitner’s. D. Grace Hopper’s.
3. What do Lise Meitner and Grace Hopper have in common
A. They graduated from Harvard. B. They discovered new elements.
C. They worked on something about computers. D. They were both pioneers in their own field.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四位著名女科学家。
1. D细节理解题。根据第一段“One of Katherine’s most important jobs was calculating the path of the first American manned spaceflight in 1961 and the Apollo moon landing in 1969.(凯瑟琳最重要的工作之一是计算1961年美国首次载人航天飞行和1969年阿波罗登月的路径)”可知，凯瑟琳·约翰逊的重要贡献之一是为重要的太空任务计算飞行路径，故选D。
2. B细节理解题。根据Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin部分中“Her conclusion that stars are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium (氦) contradicted the main theory of the time, and some of the day’s leading scientists openly questioned her findings.(她关于恒星主要由氢和氦组成的结论与当时的主流理论相矛盾，一些当时的顶尖科学家公开质疑她的发现)”可知，Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin关于恒星的结论遭到了顶尖科学家的反对。故选B。
3. D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“She was the first physics professor in Germany and the first scientist to include the term “nuclear fission (裂变)” in a published paper.(她是德国第一位物理学教授，也是第一位在发表的论文中使用“核裂变”一词的科学家)”以及最后一段“Grace Hopper was known for her pioneering work in the development of computer programming languages.(格蕾丝·霍珀因其在计算机编程语言开发方面的开创性工作而闻名)”可知，莉莎·迈特纳和格蕾丝·霍珀的共同之处是在各自领域都是先驱，故选D。
B
（2025·山东省青岛市崂山区青岛第二中学高三期末）
Ms. McIntyre, 38, worked as a publisher. She suffered brain cancer and her health got worse despite some medical treatment. But she realized that in a way, she was luckier than some other people. She had insurance to help pay for her medical care. But Ms. McIntyre and her husband, Mr. Gregory, knew that many people with cancer face tough decisions because of the costs of medical care and wind up owing far more than they can pay.
Though her health was failing, Ms. McIntyre decided to help pay off the medical debts of as many people as she possibly could. The couple began donating money to a group called RIP Medical Debt, which is committed to working to pay off the unpaid medical debts of others. The group can pay off medical bills for about 100 times less money than they cost. In other words, for every 100 donated, the group can pay off 10,000 in unpaid medical bills.
Unfortunately, Ms. McIntyre passed away before long. Mr. Gregory posted a message for Ms. McIntyre on her social media accounts. “If you’re reading this, I have passed away,” the post began. Then the post explained, “To celebrate my life, I’ve arranged to buy up others’ medical debts and then destroy the debts.”
The couple had set up a page on a website to raise money for this purpose. They had hoped to raise about $20,000. Nevertheless, Ms. McIntyre’s last post attracted a lot of attention. The donations on her web page quickly passed the total goal. In less than a week, the site had raised 10 times more than expected and the donations are still coming in. By November 22, 2023, Ms. McIntyre’s web page had raised over $627,000, or enough money to pay off about $60 million in medical debts.
Mr. Gregory planned a special event in December to celebrate Ms. McIntyre’s life and to announce how many millions of dollars of medical debts her efforts had paid for.
4．Why did Ms. McIntyre feel luckier than some other people
A．The doctors eventually cured her. B．Her disease didn’t become worse.
C．She had a decent job before being ill. D．She had security about medical care.
5．How did Ms. McIntyre and her husband help others
A．By paying for their daily debts. B．By giving away money to them.
C．By ridding them of debts from treatments. D．By purchasing medical insurance for them.
6．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The public involvement. B．The couple’s commitment.
C．The operation of a website. D．The increase of medical debts.
7．Which of the following words can best describe Ms. McIntyre
A．Humorous and elegant. B．Influential and understanding.
C．Cautious and promising. D．Enthusiastic and adaptable.
【答案】4．D 5．C 6．A 7．B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了38岁的麦金太尔和丈夫建立了名为RIP医疗债务的组织，来帮助那些无力支付医疗债务的人。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“But she realized that in a way, she was luckier than some other people. She had insurance to help pay for her medical care.(但她意识到，在某种程度上，她比其他一些人幸运。她有保险来支付医疗费用)”可知，麦金太尔觉得自己比其他人幸运因为她有医疗保障。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Though her health was failing, Ms. McIntyre decided to help pay off the medical debts of as many people as she possibly could. The couple began donating money to a group called RIP Medical Debt, which is committed to working to pay off the unpaid medical debts of others. (尽管她的健康状况每况愈下，麦金太尔还是决定帮助尽可能多的人还清医疗债务。这对夫妇开始向一个名为RIP医疗债务的组织捐款，该组织致力于为他人偿还未付的医疗债务)”可知，麦金太尔女士和她的丈夫通过偿还他人的治疗债务帮助别人。故选C。
6．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The couple had set up a page on a website to raise money for this purpose. They had hoped to raise about $20,000. Nevertheless, Ms. McIntyre’s last post attracted a lot of attention. The donations on her web page quickly passed the total goal. In less than a week, the site had raised 10 times more than expected and the donations are still coming in. By November 22, 2023, Ms. McIntyre’s web page had raised over $627,000, or enough money to pay off about $60 million in medical debts.(这对夫妇在一个网站上建立了一个页面，为这个目的筹集资金。他们原本希望筹集到大约2万美元。尽管如此，麦金太尔的最后一条帖子还是引起了很多关注。她的网页上的捐款很快就超过了总目标。在不到一周的时间里，该网站筹集的资金是预期的10倍，捐款仍在不断增加。到2023年11月22日，麦金太尔的网页已经筹集了超过62.7万美元，足以偿还约6000万美元的医疗债务)”可知，第四段的主要内容是公众参与。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段“But Ms. McIntyre and her husband, Mr. Gregory, knew that many people with cancer face tough decisions because of the costs of medical care and wind up owing far more than they can pay.(但麦金太尔和她的丈夫格雷戈里知道，许多癌症患者因为医疗费用而面临艰难的决定，最终欠下的钱远远超过了他们的支付能力)”可知，麦金太尔女士能够理解他人的处境，结合第四段“Nevertheless, Ms. McIntyre’s last post attracted a lot of attention. The donations on her web page quickly passed the total goal. In less than a week, the site had raised 10 times more than expected and the donations are still coming in. By November 22, 2023, Ms. McIntyre’s web page had raised over $627,000, or enough money to pay off about $60 million in medical debts.(尽管如此，麦金太尔的最后一条帖子还是引起了很多关注。她的网页上的捐款很快就超过了总目标。在不到一周的时间里，该网站筹集的资金是预期的10倍，捐款仍在不断增加。到2023年11月22日，麦金太尔的网页已经筹集了超过62.7万美元，足以偿还约6000万美元的医疗债务)”可知，麦金太尔女士很有影响力。故可推知，麦金太尔女士有影响力和理解他人。故选B。
C
（2025·江西省赣州市高三期末）
Nicholas Dames has taught Literature Humanities at Columbia University since 1998. He loves the job, but it has changed. Over the past decade, students have become bewildered by the thought of finishing multiple books a semester. This development puzzled Dames until a first-year student shared how challenging she had found the early assignments. The student said that at her public high school, she was only assigned passages, but not entire books. “My jaw dropped,” Dames told me. This helped explain the change: It’s not that they don’t want to read. It’s that they don’t know how.
Failing to complete a 14-line poem without giving in to distraction (干扰) suggests one familiar explanation for the decrease in reading ability: smartphones. Teenagers are constantly drawn by their devices. Reading books, even for pleasure, can’t compete with TikTok. In 1976, about 40 percent of high-school seniors said they had read at least six books for fun in the previous year, compared with 11.5 percent who hadn’t read any. By 2022, those percentages had flipped.
But high school kids appear to be encountering fewer and fewer books in the classroom as well. Since the ability to read an entire book is difficult to assess, teachers focus on skills that are easier to measure. They have shifted from books to short passages, followed by questions about the author’s main idea, just as standardized reading-comprehension tests do.
Faced with this situation, many college professors feel they have no choice but to assign less reading and lower their expectations. This means students will miss out on the mental development that comes from reading entire books. Reading enlarges your sympathies. Deep reading — sustained focus on a text — encourages a number of valuable mental habits, including critical thinking and self-reflection, in ways that skimming or reading in short passages does not.
I can imagine worse preparations for the trials, and thrills, of Literature Humanities. But we’ve never forgotten the originals. To understand the human condition, and to appreciate humankind’s greatest achievements, you still need to read The Iliad — all of it.
8．What does the underlined word “bewildered” mean in paragraph 1
A．Delighted. B．Confused.
C．Amazed. D．Relieved.
9．Why does the author list numbers in paragraph 2
A．To highlight the rise of social media.
B．To clarify the problems of smartphones.
C．To illustrate the change in reading methods.
D．To demonstrate the decline in book reading.
10．What is a result of professors assigning less reading
A．The shortage of learning motivation.
B．The reduction of genuine sympathies.
C．The loss of cognitive growth opportunities.
D．The restriction of personal academic progress.
11．What is the author’s attitude towards reading originals
A．Doubtful. B．Supportive.
C．Cautious. D．Indifferent.
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．C 11．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生阅读量较少这一现象及其对学生的影响。
8．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“The student said that at her public high school, she was only assigned passages, but not entire books. “My jaw dropped,” Dames told me. This helped explain the change: It’s not that they don’t want to read. It’s that they don’t know how.(该学生说，在她的公立高中，她只分配了一些段落，而不是整本书。 “我的下巴都惊掉了，”达姆斯告诉我。这有助于解释这一变化：并不是他们不想读书。那是他们不知道如何读)”可知，学生们在高中时老师只分配一些段落而不是整本书让他们去读。由此猜测，学生们对一个学期读完多本书的想法感到困惑。划线单词意为“困惑的”，故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“Failing to complete a 14-line poem without giving in to distraction (干扰) suggests one familiar explanation for the decrease in reading ability: smartphones. Teenagers are constantly drawn by their devices. Reading books, even for pleasure, can’t compete with TikTok. In 1976, about 40 percent of high-school seniors said they had read at least six books for fun in the previous year, compared with 11.5 percent who hadn’t read any. By 2022, those percentages had flipped.(无法在不受到干扰的情况下完成一首 14 行诗，这表明阅读能力下降有一个常见的解释：智能手机。青少年总是被他们的设备所吸引。读书，即使是为了消遣，也无法与 TikTok 竞争。 1976 年，大约 40% 的高中生表示，他们在前一年至少读过六本书作为娱乐，相比之下，只有 11.5% 的人没有读过任何书。到 2022 年，这些百分比发生了逆转)”可推知，作者在第 2 段列出数字是为了证明学生读书量的下降。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“Faced with this situation, many college professors feel they have no choice but to assign less reading and lower their expectations. This means students will miss out on the mental development that comes from reading entire books. Reading enlarges your sympathies. Deep reading — sustained focus on a text — encourages a number of valuable mental habits, including critical thinking and self-reflection, in ways that skimming or reading in short passages does not.(面对这种情况，许多大学教授感到别无选择，只能减少布置的阅读量，降低期望值。这意味着学生将错过阅读整本书所带来的智力发展。阅读可以增强你的同情心。深度阅读——持续专注于文本——可以培养一些有价值的心理习惯，包括批判性思维和自我反思，而略读或短文阅读则无法做到这一点)”可知，教授分配的阅读量减少，学生将错过阅读整本书所带来的智力发展，以及错失培养一些有价值的心理习惯的机会。由此可知，教授分配的阅读量减少的结果是学生的认知成长机会丧失。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I can imagine worse preparations for the trials, and thrills, of Literature Humanities. But we’ve never forgotten the originals. To understand the human condition, and to appreciate humankind’s greatest achievements, you still need to read The Iliad — all of it.(我可以想象为文学人文学科的考验和刺激做好更糟糕的准备。但我们从未忘记最初的作品。要了解人类的处境，要欣赏人类最伟大的成就，你仍然需要阅读《伊利亚特》——全 部)”可推知，作者对于阅读原著的态度是支持的，故选B。
D
（2025·辽宁省大连市高三双基）
If you proudly believe you’re right in a disagreement with a friend or colleague, a new study suggests why you may actually be wrong. Researchers found that people naturally assume they have all the information they need to make a decision or support their position, even when they do not. The researchers called it the “illusion of information adequacy”.
“We found that, in general, people don’t stop to think whether there might be more information that would help them make a more informed decision,” said study co-author Angus Fletcher, a professor of English at The Ohio State University. “If you give people a few pieces of information that seems to line up, most will say ‘that sounds about right’ and go with that.”
The study, published in the journal PLOS ONE, involved 1,261 Americans who participated online. They were split into three groups who read an article about a fictional school that lacked adequate water. One group read an article that only gave reasons why the school should merge with another that had adequate water; a second group’s article only gave reasons for staying separate and hoping for other solutions; and the third group read all the arguments for the schools merging and for staying separate.
The findings showed that the two groups who read half the story — either just the pro-merging or just the anti-merging arguments — still believed they had enough information to make a good decision. “Those with half the information actually show greater certainty in their decision to merge or remain separate than those who had the complete story,” Fletcher said.
These discoveries enhance our understanding of na ve realism, where individuals perceive their personal viewpoints as the factual reality, as Fletcher noted. Research on na ve realism often focuses on how people have different understandings of the same situation.
“Your first move when you disagree with someone should be to think, ‘Is there something that I’m missing that would help me see their perspective and understand their position better ’” Fletcher said, “That’s the way to fight this illusion of information adequacy.”
12．What will “illusion of information adequacy” make us do
A．Believe we have enough information.
B．Judge if we have enough information.
C．Seek all information to make a decision.
D．Hesitate to decide without full information.
13．In the study, who are more confident in decision-making
A．Critical information readers. B．Balanced information readers.
C．Overloaded information readers. D．One-sided information readers.
14．Which of the examples can illustrate na ve realism
A．A teacher encourages multiple viewpoints.
B．A scientist draws a conclusion based on data.
C．A driver insists the other party is fully responsible.
D．A student writes an essay with limited search results.
15．What does Fletcher advise us to do in the text
A．To rely on your own information. B．To listen to those who agree with you.
C．To think about overlooked viewpoints. D．To assume you have all the relevant facts.
【答案】12．A 13．D 14．C 15．C
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究，该研究揭示了人们在争论中为何可能坚信自己是正确的，而实际上可能是错误的，即“信息充足错觉”现象，并通过实验进行了说明，最后给出了应对这种错觉的建议。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“If you proudly believe you’re right in a disagreement with a friend or colleague, a new study suggests why you may actually be wrong. Researchers found that people naturally assume they have all the information they need to make a decision or support their position, even when they do not. The researchers called it the “illusion of information adequacy”.(如果你骄傲地认为自己在与朋友或同事的分歧中是对的，一项新的研究揭示了为什么你实际上可能是错的。研究人员发现，人们很自然地认为自己掌握了做出决定或支持自己立场所需的所有信息，即使事实并非如此。研究人员称之为“信息充足的错觉”)”可知，“信息充足的错觉”会让人们很自然地认为自己掌握了做出决定或支持自己立场所需的所有信息。故选A项。
13．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The findings showed that the two groups who read half the story — either just the pro-merging or just the anti-merging arguments — still believed they had enough information to make a good decision. “Those with half the information actually show greater certainty in their decision to merge or remain separate than those who had the complete story,” Fletcher said.(研究结果表明，两组只读了一半故事的人——要么只读了支持合并的观点，要么只读了反对合并的观点——仍然认为他们有足够的信息来做出正确的决定。弗莱彻说：“那些掌握了一半信息的人实际上比那些掌握了全部信息的人在决定合并或保持分离时表现出更大的确定性。”)”可推知，片面的信息阅读者对决策更有信心。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“These discoveries enhance our understanding of na ve realism, where individuals perceive their personal viewpoints as the factual reality, as Fletcher noted. Research on na ve realism often focuses on how people have different understandings of the same situation.(这些发现增进了我们对天真现实主义的理解，即如弗莱彻所指出的，个体将其个人观点视为事实真相。关于天真现实主义的研究通常关注人们如何对同一情境有不同的理解)”可知，天真现实主义指的是个人将他们的个人观点视为事实现实，所以C项“一名司机坚称，对方应负全部责任。”可以说明天真现实主义。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Your first move when you disagree with someone should be to think, ‘Is there something that I’m missing that would help me see their perspective and understand their position better ” ”Fletcher said, “That’s the way to fight this illusion of information adequacy.”(“当你不同意别人的观点时，你的第一步应该是想，‘我是否遗漏了一些东西，可以帮助我更好地理解他们的观点和立场？’”弗莱彻说，“这就是对抗信息充足错觉的方法。”)”可知，弗莱彻建议思考被忽视的观点。故选C项。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)（2025·安徽黄山市期末质量检测）
A recent study suggests that challenging, fun and engaging hobbies have the power to make people happier and healthier. But where do you start ___16___
Ask yourself how you want to feel
Hobbies present an escape — they can help you get out of your head and calm down. Ask yourself how you want an activity to make you feel. ___17___ There’s no such thing as one perfect hobby, thus it’s appropriate to recognize you have different needs at different moments.
___18___
Don’t invest a ton of time and money in a new hobby immediately. You can figure out gradually if it’s right for you or you can do it more later. If you’re wondering if bowling might be a good fit, join an outing or two with a local Meetup group.
Be open
It’s significant to keep an open mind to potential hobbies. Katina went hiking and someone handed her a book about how to plant. Instead of throwing it away, she paid attention, and now she has a new hobby.
___19___ However, we often forget that in a very burned-out world. So seize the opportunity, or you won’t guess what you’d love.
Remove guilt
A mental health counselor helps those who feel guilty about spending time on leisure. “Give yourself permission to do something that you like,” he suggests, “and keep in mind that if a hobby makes you healthier and happier, everyone around you will benefit. ___20___ It’s certain that it will make you a better person in every aspect of your life.
A. Start small
B. Keep a list
C. We’re excited as humans to be curious and open.
D. Hobbies live in the pleasure world, not necessarily the mastery world.
E. Experts give the advice on how to discover the hobbies you don’t yet know you’ll love.
F. It’s also helpful to consider what your life is missing, like creativity or physical activity.
G. Think of discovering a new hobby that will add fulfilling new dimensions to your life.
【答案】16. E 17. F 18. A 19. C 20. G
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了如何通过培养兴趣爱好让生活更幸福、更健康。
16. E根据上文“A recent study suggests that challenging, fun and engaging hobbies have the power to make people happier and healthier. But where do you start (最近的一项研究表明，具有挑战性、有趣和吸引人的爱好能让人更快乐、更健康。但是从哪里开始呢？)”可知，上文询问从哪里开始爱好，故本句的内容应该是一个建议或者方法，告诉读者如何开始寻找适合自己的爱好。故E选项“专家就如何发现你还不知道自己会喜欢的爱好给出了建议”符合语境，故选E。
17. F根据上文“Hobbies present an escape — they can help you get out of your head and calm down. Ask yourself how you want an activity to make you feel.(爱好提供了一种逃避——它们可以帮助你摆脱你的头脑，平静下来。问问自己，你希望一项活动给你带来怎样的感觉)”以及下文“There’s no such thing as one perfect hobby, thus it’s appropriate to recognize you have different needs at different moments.(没有十全十美的爱好，所以你应该认识到，在不同的时刻，你有不同的需求)”可知，前文说问问自己一项活动想让自己有怎样的感受，故本句进一步说明思考的方向，故F选项“考虑一下你的生活缺少什么也很有帮助，比如创造力或体育活动”符合语境，故选F。
18. A根据本段内容“Don’t invest a ton of time and money in a new hobby immediately. You can figure out gradually if it’s right for you or you can do it more later. If you’re wondering if bowling might be a good fit, join an outing or two with a local Meetup group.(不要马上在一个新的爱好上投入大量的时间和金钱。你可以逐渐弄清楚它是否适合你，或者你可以以后再做。如果你想知道保龄球是否适合你，那就参加一两次当地聚会小组的郊游活动)”可知，本段主要是如何开始新爱好的建议，与“从小事做起”相关。故A选项“从小处开始”符合语境，故选A。
19. C 根据上文“It’s significant to keep an open mind to potential hobbies. Katina went hiking and someone handed her a book about how to plant. Instead of throwing it away, she paid attention, and now she has a new hobby.(对潜在的爱好保持开放的心态是很重要的。卡蒂娜去远足，有人递给她一本关于如何种植的书。她没有把它扔掉，而是多加注意，现在她有了一个新的爱好)”以及下文“However, we often forget that in a very burned-out world. So seize the opportunity, or you won’t guess what you’d love.(然而，我们经常忘记，在一个非常疲惫的世界。所以抓住机会，否则你不会猜到你会喜欢什么)”可知，上文通过 Katina 的例子说明要对潜在爱好保持开放心态，下文说在疲惫的世界里我们常忘记这一点，本句与后文构成转折，指出人类开放的特性，故C选项“作为人类，我们对好奇和开放感到兴奋”符合语境，故选C。
20. G根据上文“A mental health counselor helps those who feel guilty about spending time on leisure. “Give yourself permission to do something that you like,” he suggests, “and keep in mind that if a hobby makes you healthier and happier, everyone around you will benefit.(心理健康咨询师帮助那些对休闲感到内疚的人。“允许自己做自己喜欢的事情，”他建议，“记住，如果一项爱好能让你更健康、更快乐，你周围的每个人都会受益)”以及下文“It’s certain that it will make you a better person in every aspect of your life. (它肯定会让你在生活的各个方面都变得更好)”可知，上文建议读者要给自己许可去做自己喜欢的事情，并且指出爱好能让自己更健康、更快乐，从而也能让周围的人受益，故本句应该进一步强调发现新爱好的好处。故G选项“考虑一下发现一个新的爱好，它会给你的生活增加新的维度”符合语境，故选G。
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