专题05 语法填空高频词汇（2）
目录 01 模拟基础练 【题型一】单词转换练 【题型二】词形转换单句语法填空 02 重难创新练（语篇填空） 03 真题实战练（语篇填空）
题型一 单词转换练
名词转化为形容词易错高频词汇
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
powder n. 粉末→____________粉末状的
face n. 面部，脸→____________脸部的
star n. 星星→____________布满星星的
mud n. 泥土→____________泥泞的
smog n. 烟雾；雾霾→____________烟雾弥漫的
pet n. 宠物→____________小的；狭隘的
weight n. 重量→____________重的；有份量的
shade n. 阴凉处→____________阴凉的；背阴的
home n. 家→____________平凡的；朴实的
cost n. 成本，费用→____________昂贵的
physics n. 物理→____________物理的；实体的
shape n. 形状；身材→____________匀称的
society n. 社会→____________社会的
memory n. 记忆→____________记忆的；纪念的
technique n. 技术；技艺→____________技术的；技艺的
essence n. 本质→____________本质的；必不可少的
influence n. 影响→____________有影响的
spirit n. 精神→____________精神的
habit n. 习惯→____________习惯性的
mind n. 思维；头脑→____________思维的；头脑的
privacy n. 隐私→____________私人的；私下的
passion n. 热情→____________热情的
accuracy n. 准确性→____________准确的
value n. 价值→____________珍贵的
knowledge n. 知识→____________知识渊博的
terror n. 恐怖→____________令人害怕的
sense n. 感觉→____________敏感的；理智的
mountain n. 山，山脉→____________多山的
fame n. 名声，名誉→____________著名的
number n. 数字，数目→____________大量的
space n. 空间；太空→____________宽阔的；广阔的
victory n. 胜利→____________胜利的
industry n. 工业；行业→____________勤奋的
variety n. 种类，多样性→____________各种各样的
anxiety n. 焦虑→____________焦虑的
child n. 孩子→____________孩子般的，幼稚的
book n. 书，书本→____________书生气的
robot n. 机器人→____________机器人的；呆板的
energy n. 能量；精力→____________精力充沛的
character n. 人物；特点→____________典型的；独特的
reality n. 真实；实际→____________实际的；真实的
rag n. 破布→____________衣衫褴褛的
skill n. 技能；技艺→____________熟练的
will n. 意志→____________愿意的；情愿的
earth n. 泥土→____________泥制的；陶制的
sun n. 太阳→____________太阳的；太阳能的
pleasure n. 乐趣，快乐→____________令人愉快的
circle n. 圆圈→____________圆的；循环的
动词转化为形容词易错高频词汇
learn v. 学习；学会→____________博学的
steam v. 蒸→____________蒸的；蒸熟的
target v. 以...为目标→____________定向的；目标的
seat v. 就坐→____________坐着的；入座的
organize v. 组织→____________有组织的；有条理的
educate v. 教育→____________受过教育的
trap v. 困住；陷入→____________受困的；受到限制的
commit v. 承诺；犯（罪）→____________尽心尽力的；坚定的
vary v. 不同于；有区别→____________各种各样的；形形色色的
break v. 破坏；打破→____________破碎的；坏掉的
speak v. 说（语言）；发言→____________口头的；口语的
wear v. 穿；戴；磨损→____________用旧的；用坏的
tear v. 撕裂→____________犹豫的；举棋不定的
drink v. 喝酒；喝→____________喝醉的
burn v. 燃烧→____________烧毁的；烧掉的
freeze v. 使冻结；冻住→____________冷冻的；结冰的
reward v. 奖励；回报→____________有意义的；值得做的
seem v. 看起来；似乎→____________表面上的；貌似...的
run v. 奔跑；流动→____________奔跑的；流动的
last v. 持续→____________持久的；持续的
wash v. 洗涤；冲刷→____________a.可洗的
forget v. 忘记→____________ a.无法忘记的；难忘的
achieve v. 获得；实现→____________a.可获得的；可实现的
believe v. 相信→____________ a.难以置信的
flex v. 弯曲；活动→____________a.灵活的；柔韧的
access v. 访问；使用→____________ a.可进入的；容易理解的
decide v. 决定→____________决定性的；关键的
chew v. 咀嚼→____________有嚼劲的
consider v. 考虑→____________考虑周到的；体贴的
形容词转化为副词易错高频词汇
true真正的→____________真诚地
whole全部的→____________完全地
full满的，充满的→____________完全地，全部地
public公众的→____________公然地
due恰当的→____________适当地
shy羞怯的→____________羞怯地
dull枯燥无味的→____________木然地21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
题型二 词形转换单句语法填空
最新模拟练
1.（2025·广东省清远市高三一模）The exhibition featured a systemic selection of Dunhuang murals, colored sculptures, and cave models. It also 37 (digital) restored Cave 285 of the Mogao Grottoes.
2.（2025·吉林省普通高中高三一模）Before the arrival of the Europeans, Africans had already travelled to other parts of the world in 38 (variety) “human migration” waves, and many findings give us an insight into the way of life of much earlier societies.
3.（2025·河北省石家庄市第二中学高三月考）They were practicing techniques 39 (proper),” N’ Dri said of his first impression of the temple.
4.（2025·河北省石家庄市第二中学高三月考）They underwent three weeks of training, but the first two weeks were really 40 (challenge).
5.（2025·海南省海口市高三摸底）He was exiled after opposing his king’s decision to ally with the ___42___ (neighbor) state of Qin, and when Chu was finally conquered by Qin, he committed suicide by drowning in the Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
6.（2025·安徽省皖豫名校联盟高三联考）Besides live performances, Hu also showed how suona fitted in with various musical pieces in an impressive way, offering the local audience a ____64____ (value) opportunity to experience the Chinese musical instrument.
7.（2025·江苏省南京市六校联合体期中）In the movie, Li and Gao became lifelong friends, who witnessed the Tang Dynasty fall into decline caused by a war led by An Lushan, who was once one of Emperor Xuanzong’s most trusted generals from a 62 (prosper) age.
8.（2025·广东省茂名市区域高三联考）Through songs, dances, diets and festivals, they attach importance to maintaining physical health, developing 45 (society) connections and celebrating life’s joys.
9.（2025·江苏省海安高级中学高三月考）The name sounds like “higher year”, carrying the 38 (symbol) meaning of progress in both career and life.
10.（2025·江苏省海安高级中学高三月考）Its historical connections to figures like Yu the Great add to its charm, transforming it into not just a 44 (delight) treat but also a journey through history and tradition.
11.（2025·江苏省徐州市第七中学高三月考）The goat hair is soft, 38 (suit) for the writing of big characters, while the wolf hair is hard, good for the writing of small ones.
12.（2025·广西名校联盟高三适应性检测）China’s food delivery industry, proud of its nationwide coverage, now offers drone delivery to the Great Wall. Meituan’s drones can transport food and medication to the Badaling section of the Great Wall, allowing tourists to receive packages while exploring the ___36___ (culture) relic.
13.（2025·沧州市普通高中高三复习质量监测）We are ____43____ (optimism) about the growth potential of tropical plants in China.
14.（2025·山东省德州市期中）After returning home from China, Chipman formed Matteo with his wife, who was also highly 58 (enthusiasm) about Chinese music when he taught English in China.
15.（2025·安徽省皖南八校高三摸底）This is because green tea is full of goodness. The new online platforms—like TikTok — make bubble tea business 44 (access) to more consumers and increase sales.
16.（2025·福建省宁德市蕉城区宁德第一中学高三一模）To achieve this goal, 63 (concert) efforts are necessary. China is bringing nature closer to urban life from pocket parks to forest parks.
17.（2025·广东省部分学校高三大联考）By comparing the plant with several 38 (know) Oreocharis species, the researchers have confirmed it is a new species that has many unique characteristics.
18.（2025·广东省部分学校高三大联考）This new species is currently listed as 44 (critical) endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
19.（2025·河北省衡水中学第一次综合素养测评） The bronze heads, golden masks, holy trees and various statues reveal the 37 (mystery) faces of a culture dating back more than 3,000 years.
20.（2025·山东省第一次备考监测联考）Throughout history, many ___40___ (note) figures have significantly contributed to the Silk Road’s development.
语篇填空（标黄处为本专题考点）
Passage 1
A 13－year study of early childhood 1.__________(develop) made by Harvard University has shown that, by the age of three, most children have the big potential to understand about 1,000 words—most of the language they will use in ordinary conversation for the rest of their lives.
2.__________(addition), research has shown that while every child was born with a 3.__________ (nature) curiosity, it can decline 4.__________(great) during the second and third years of life. Researchers say that the human personality is formed during the first two years of life, and during the first three years children learn the 5.__________ (base) skills they will use in all their 6.__________ (late) learning both at home and at school.
It is 7.__________(general) acknowledged that young people from 8.__________ (poor) socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system. As a result of the research evidence of the importance of the first three years of a child's life, a pilot(试验性的) programme that focused on parents as the child's first teachers started in the US. As the programme shows, working with the family, rather than bypassing(绕开) the parents, is the most 9.__________(effect) way of helping children get off to the 10.__________ (good) possible start in life.
Passage 2
（2025·江苏省苏州市高三期中）
Visiting a museum or going on a study tour is a fast developing social trend, which has significantly increased footfalls (客流) at major, popular museums. Such has been the rush of visitors that many museums have extended 1 (they) opening hours. What’s more, the visitors comprise not only history lovers, but also 2 increasing number of ordinary people. All this suggests the cultural tourism sector 3 (show) strong recovery at present, which in turn has accelerated culture-tourism integration.
However, the 4 (rapid) rising footfalls have presented new challenges for the museums, as they have to cater to the visitors’ demand for special cultural services, and take measures to better facilitate academic research.
The experience of the Suzhou Museum in Jiangsu province may give readers an idea about 5 the museums should do to deal with the onrush of visitors. First, the museums should consider 6 (extend) their role beyond the traditional field of education and research, and integrate into the local 7 (determine) what sort of cultural tourism sector. They could, for example, conduct surveys services they should provide to meet the needs of the visitors. Second, the 8 (apply) of digital technology can promote reform in the cultural relic and artwork field. Third, cross-border integration of cultural and 9 (education) resources has become a new trend at a time when China is promoting long-term learning and education. And fourth, museums should develop services for elderly people too, given the fact that elderly people account 10 more than 20 percent of China’s total population.
Passage 3
（2025·河北省邢台市质检联盟高三期中）
In the remote mountains of Songde Village, Sichuan Province, nearly 800 residents are living better thanks to the remarkable changes to its roads.
1 (locate) in the valleys at an altitude of about 3,150 meters, the Tibetan communities have long struggled with poor transportation.
Before 2016, the villagers relied mainly 2 dirt roads for transportation.” On sunny days, we were covered in dust; on rainy days, we were covered in mud,” said a villager. And travel was especially dangerous between October and May, 3 the roads are often iced over.
A gravel（砾石）road was built in 2016, 4 (guarantee) vehicle access for Songde residents. But the real breakthrough came in 2019 with the 5 (complete) of a 4.2-kilometer paved road connecting the village to National Highway G227, 6 (significant) reducing the villagers’ travel time to get to the outside world.
And now that villagers are seeking their fortune outside, the village’s average annual income 7 (increase) from 6,000 yuan in 2016 to over 16,000 yuan. The road has also improved access to essential services. Rural bus services now operate there, offering 8 (afford) rides to residents.
Local tourism is also on 9 rise, leading villagers to develop homestays. Once new houses are built, some 10 (transform) into guesthouses soon, with both villagers and the local government investing in them.
真题实战练（语篇填空）（标黄处为本专题考点）
Passage 1
(2020·新课标Ⅱ)
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a ___61___ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___62___ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth ___63___ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more ___64___ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times ___65___ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. ___66___ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated ___67___ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy ___68___ (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The ___69___ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are ____70____ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
Passage 2
(2021年新高考I卷)
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
Passage 3
(2021·新高考II卷)
I've always loved the ocean. In the____36____ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____37____ (think)it is food.
I decided to do something ____38____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company____39____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I found the contact information of the company____40____ emailed its president. I told him how ____41____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so____42____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____43____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____44____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _____45_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题05 语法填空高频词汇（2）
目录 01 模拟基础练 【题型一】单词转换练 【题型二】词形转换单句语法填空 02 重难创新练（语篇填空） 03 真题实战练（语篇填空）
题型一 单词转换练
名词转化为形容词易错高频词汇
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
powder n. 粉末→powdery粉末状的
face n. 面部，脸→facial脸部的
star n. 星星→starry布满星星的
mud n. 泥土→muddy泥泞的
smog n. 烟雾；雾霾→smoggy烟雾弥漫的
pet n. 宠物→petty小的；狭隘的
weight n. 重量→weighty重的；有份量的
shade n. 阴凉处→shady阴凉的；背阴的
home n. 家→homely平凡的；朴实的
cost n. 成本，费用→costly昂贵的
physics n. 物理→physical物理的；实体的
shape n. 形状；身材→shapely匀称的
society n. 社会→social社会的
memory n. 记忆→memorial记忆的；纪念的
technique n. 技术；技艺→technical技术的；技艺的
essence n. 本质→essential本质的；必不可少的
influence n. 影响→influential有影响的
spirit n. 精神→spiritual精神的
habit n. 习惯→habitual习惯性的
mind n. 思维；头脑→mental思维的；头脑的
privacy n. 隐私→private私人的；私下的
passion n. 热情→passionate热情的
accuracy n. 准确性→accurate准确的
value n. 价值→valuable珍贵的
knowledge n. 知识→knowledgeable知识渊博的
terror n. 恐怖→terrible令人害怕的
sense n. 感觉→sensitive敏感的；理智的
mountain n. 山，山脉→mountainous多山的
fame n. 名声，名誉→famous著名的
number n. 数字，数目→numerous大量的
space n. 空间；太空→spacious宽阔的；广阔的
victory n. 胜利→victorious胜利的
industry n. 工业；行业→industrious勤奋的
variety n. 种类，多样性→various各种各样的
anxiety n. 焦虑→anxious焦虑的
child n. 孩子→childish孩子般的，幼稚的
book n. 书，书本→bookish书生气的
robot n. 机器人→robotic机器人的；呆板的
energy n. 能量；精力→energetic精力充沛的
character n. 人物；特点→characteristic典型的；独特的
reality n. 真实；实际→realistic实际的；真实的
rag n. 破布→ragged衣衫褴褛的
skill n. 技能；技艺→skilled熟练的
will n. 意志→willing愿意的；情愿的
earth n. 泥土→earthen泥制的；陶制的
sun n. 太阳→solar太阳的；太阳能的
pleasure n. 乐趣，快乐→pleasant令人愉快的
circle n. 圆圈→circular圆的；循环的
动词转化为形容词易错高频词汇
learn v. 学习；学会→learned博学的
steam v. 蒸→steamed蒸的；蒸熟的
target v. 以...为目标→targeted定向的；目标的
seat v. 就坐→seated坐着的；入座的
organize v. 组织→organized有组织的；有条理的
educate v. 教育→educated受过教育的
trap v. 困住；陷入→trapped受困的；受到限制的
commit v. 承诺；犯（罪）→committed尽心尽力的；坚定的
vary v. 不同于；有区别→varied各种各样的；形形色色的
break v. 破坏；打破→broken 破碎的；坏掉的
speak v. 说（语言）；发言→spoken口头的；口语的
wear v. 穿；戴；磨损→worn用旧的；用坏的
tear v. 撕裂→torn犹豫的；举棋不定的
drink v. 喝酒；喝→drunk喝醉的
burn v. 燃烧→burnt烧毁的；烧掉的
freeze v. 使冻结；冻住→frozen冷冻的；结冰的
reward v. 奖励；回报→rewarding有意义的；值得做的
seem v. 看起来；似乎→seeming表面上的；貌似...的
run v. 奔跑；流动→running 奔跑的；流动的
last v. 持续→lasting持久的；持续的
wash v. 洗涤；冲刷→washable a.可洗的
forget v. 忘记→unforgettable a.无法忘记的；难忘的
achieve v. 获得；实现→achievable a.可获得的；可实现的
believe v. 相信→unbelievable a.难以置信的
flex v. 弯曲；活动→flexible a.灵活的；柔韧的
access v. 访问；使用→accessible a.可进入的；容易理解的
decide v. 决定→decisive决定性的；关键的
chew v. 咀嚼→chewy有嚼劲的
consider v. 考虑→considerate考虑周到的；体贴的
形容词转化为副词易错高频词汇
true真正的→truly真诚地
whole全部的→-wholly完全地
full满的，充满的→fully完全地，全部地
public公众的→publicly公然地
due恰当的→duly适当地
shy羞怯的→shyly羞怯地
dull枯燥无味的→dully木然地21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
题型二 词形转换单句语法填空
最新模拟练
1.（2025·广东省清远市高三一模）The exhibition featured a systemic selection of Dunhuang murals, colored sculptures, and cave models. It also 37 (digital) restored Cave 285 of the Mogao Grottoes.
【答案】digitally
【解析】考查副词。句意：活动还数字化还原了莫高窟第285窟。空处修饰谓语动词restored，需要副词，应用digitally表示“以数字方式，数字化”。故填digitally。
2.（2025·吉林省普通高中高三一模）Before the arrival of the Europeans, Africans had already travelled to other parts of the world in 38 (variety) “human migration” waves, and many findings give us an insight into the way of life of much earlier societies.
【答案】various/varied
【解析】考查形容词。句意：在欧洲人到来之前，非洲人已经在各种“人类迁徙”浪潮中前往了世界的其他地方，许多发现让我们对更早社会的生活方式有了深入了解。空处修饰名词waves，需用形容词various或varied作定语，表示“各种各样的”。故填various/varied。
3.（2025·河北省石家庄市第二中学高三月考）They were practicing techniques 39 (proper),” N’ Dri said of his first impression of the temple.
【答案】properly
【解析】考查副词。句意：“寺里的人们穿着和电影里一样。他们正在正确地练习武术，” N’ Dri谈及对少林寺的第一印象时说。分析句子成分可知，空处考查修饰动词用副词形式。故填properly。
4.（2025·河北省石家庄市第二中学高三月考）They underwent three weeks of training, but the first two weeks were really 40 (challenge).
【答案】challenging
【解析】考查形容词。句意：他们接受了三周的训练，但前两周真的很有挑战性。分析句子成分可知，空处考查形容词形式的担当表语，意为“有挑战性的”。故填challenging。
5.（2025·海南省海口市高三摸底）He was exiled after opposing his king’s decision to ally with the ___42___ (neighbor) state of Qin, and when Chu was finally conquered by Qin, he committed suicide by drowning in the Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
【答案】neighbouring/neighboring
【解析】 neighbouring/neighboring考查形容词。句意：他在反对楚王与邻国秦国结盟后被流放，当楚国最终被秦国征服时，他在农历五月初五投汨罗江自尽。设空处使用neighbour的形容词neighbouring/neighboring作定语修饰名词state，意为“近邻的”。故填neighbouring/neighboring。
6.（2025·安徽省皖豫名校联盟高三联考）Besides live performances, Hu also showed how suona fitted in with various musical pieces in an impressive way, offering the local audience a ____64____ (value) opportunity to experience the Chinese musical instrument.
【答案】valuable
【解析】valuable考查形容词。句意：除了现场表演，胡还以一种令人印象深刻的方式展示了唢呐如何与各种乐曲相配，为当地观众提供了一个宝贵的机会来体验中国传统乐器。空处用形容词valuable“宝贵的”，作定语，修饰名词opportunity。故填valuable。
7.（2025·江苏省南京市六校联合体期中）In the movie, Li and Gao became lifelong friends, who witnessed the Tang Dynasty fall into decline caused by a war led by An Lushan, who was once one of Emperor Xuanzong’s most trusted generals from a 62 (prosper) age.
【答案】prosperous
【解析】考查形容词。句意：在电影中，李和高成为了一生的朋友，他们见证了唐朝因安禄山的战争而衰落，安禄山曾经是唐玄宗最信任的将军之一。形容词prosperous作定语修饰名词。故填prosperous。
8.（2025·广东省茂名市区域高三联考）Through songs, dances, diets and festivals, they attach importance to maintaining physical health, developing 45 (society) connections and celebrating life’s joys.
【答案】social
【解析】考查形容词。句意：通过歌曲、舞蹈、饮食和节日，他们重视保持身体健康，发展社会联系，庆祝生活的快乐。空处需用形容词social“社会的”作定语，修饰空后名词connections。故填social。
9.（2025·江苏省海安高级中学高三月考）The name sounds like “higher year”, carrying the 38 (symbol) meaning of progress in both career and life.
【答案】symbolic
【解析】考查形容词。 句意：这个名字听起来像“更高的年”，带有事业和生活进步的象征意义。本空用形容词symbolic“象征的”，修饰名词meaning，作前置定语。故填symbolic。
10.（2025·江苏省海安高级中学高三月考）Its historical connections to figures like Yu the Great add to its charm, transforming it into not just a 44 (delight) treat but also a journey through history and tradition.
【答案】delightful
【解析】考查形容词。 句意：它与大禹等人物的历史联系增加了它的魅力，使其不仅仅是一种美味的甜点，还是一段穿越历史和传统的旅程。本空用形容词delightful“令人愉快的”，修饰名词treat，作前置定语。故填delightful。
11.（2025·江苏省徐州市第七中学高三月考）The goat hair is soft, 38 (suit) for the writing of big characters, while the wolf hair is hard, good for the writing of small ones.
【答案】suitable
【解析】考查形容词。句意：山羊毛柔软，适合写大字，而狼毛硬，适合写小字。空处为形容词状语，应把所给动词“suit”变成形容词形式。故填suitable。
12.（2025·广西名校联盟高三适应性检测）China’s food delivery industry, proud of its nationwide coverage, now offers drone delivery to the Great Wall. Meituan’s drones can transport food and medication to the Badaling section of the Great Wall, allowing tourists to receive packages while exploring the ___36___ (culture) relic.
【答案】cultural
【解析】 cultural考查形容词。句意：美团的无人机可以将食品和药品运送到八达岭长城，让游客在探索文物的同时收到包裹。修饰名词relic，需用形容词cultural，作定语。故填cultural。
13.（2025·沧州市普通高中高三复习质量监测）We are ____43____ (optimism) about the growth potential of tropical plants in China.
【答案】optimistic
【解析】optimistic考查形容词。句意：我们对热带植物在中国的发展潜力是很乐观的。空处需要表语，符合短语be optimistic about，意为“对……感到乐观”。故填optimistic。
14.（2025·山东省德州市期中）After returning home from China, Chipman formed Matteo with his wife, who was also highly 58 (enthusiasm) about Chinese music when he taught English in China.
【答案】enthusiastic
【解析】考查形容词。句意：从中国回到家中后，Chipman和他的妻子成立了Matteo乐队，他的妻子在中国教英语时也对中国音乐充满热情。空处应为形容词“充满热情的”enthusiastic，作表语。故填enthusiastic。
15.（2025·安徽省皖南八校高三摸底）This is because green tea is full of goodness. The new online platforms—like TikTok — make bubble tea business 44 (access) to more consumers and increase sales.
【答案】accessible
【解析】考查形容词。句意：新的在线平台，如TikTok，使珍珠奶茶业务接触到更多的消费者，并增加了销售额。此处是“make+宾语+宾补”的结构，表示“使……怎么样”，需用形容词作宾补，accessible表示“可使用的，可达到的”，符合句意。故填accessible。
16.（2025·福建省宁德市蕉城区宁德第一中学高三一模）To achieve this goal, 63 (concert) efforts are necessary. China is bringing nature closer to urban life from pocket parks to forest parks.
【答案】concerted
【解析】考查形容词。句意：要实现这个目标，需要齐心协力。空处需用形容词修饰名词“efforts”，表达齐心协力之意，用形容词concerted。故填concerted。
17.（2025·广东省部分学校高三大联考）By comparing the plant with several 38 (know) Oreocharis species, the researchers have confirmed it is a new species that has many unique characteristics.
【答案】known
【解析】考查形容词。句意：通过与几个已知的马铃苣苔属物种进行比较，研究人员证实了它是一个具有许多独特特征的新物种。根据名词species可知，此处应该用形容词known作定语修饰名词species表示“已知的”物种。故填known。
18.（2025·广东省部分学校高三大联考）This new species is currently listed as 44 (critical) endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
【答案】critically
【解析】考查副词。句意：这种新物种目前被世界自然保护联盟列为极度濒危物种。根据下文endangered可知，此处要用提示词的副词critically修饰形容词endangered。故填critically。
19.（2025·河北省衡水中学第一次综合素养测评） The bronze heads, golden masks, holy trees and various statues reveal the 37 (mystery) faces of a culture dating back more than 3,000 years.
【答案】mysterious
【解析】考查形容词。句意：青铜头像、金色面具、圣树和各种雕像揭示了3000多年前文化的神秘面孔。此处修饰名词faces，应用形容词mysterious“神秘的”，作定语。故填mysterious。
20.（2025·山东省第一次备考监测联考）Throughout history, many ___40___ (note) figures have significantly contributed to the Silk Road’s development.
【答案】notable/noted
【解析】 notable/noted考查形容词。句意：历史上，许多名人为丝绸之路的发展做出了重要贡献。今天，这条古老的道路成为历史教科书，让人们了解那个时代的事件。notable/noted是形容词，表示“著名的”，修饰名词figures。故填notable/noted。
语篇填空（标黄处为本专题考点）
Passage 1
A 13－year study of early childhood 1.__________(develop) made by Harvard University has shown that, by the age of three, most children have the big potential to understand about 1,000 words—most of the language they will use in ordinary conversation for the rest of their lives.
2.__________(addition), research has shown that while every child was born with a 3.__________ (nature) curiosity, it can decline 4.__________(great) during the second and third years of life. Researchers say that the human personality is formed during the first two years of life, and during the first three years children learn the 5.__________ (base) skills they will use in all their 6.__________ (late) learning both at home and at school.
It is 7.__________(general) acknowledged that young people from 8.__________ (poor) socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system. As a result of the research evidence of the importance of the first three years of a child's life, a pilot(试验性的) programme that focused on parents as the child's first teachers started in the US. As the programme shows, working with the family, rather than bypassing(绕开) the parents, is the most 9.__________(effect) way of helping children get off to the 10.__________ (good) possible start in life.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了孩子3岁前有学习语言的潜能。
1．【答案】development
【解析】考查名词。此处表示“哈佛大学所做的一项为期13年的对儿童早期发展的研究”。设空处作介词of的宾语，故填名词。development作“发展，发育”讲时为不可数名词，故填development。
2．【答案】Additionally
【解析】考查副词。句意：此外，研究发现虽然每个孩子生来就有好奇心，但在2至3岁期间，他们的好奇程度会大幅下降。设空处作状语，修饰后面整个句子，意为“此外”，故填副词Additionally。
3．【答案】natural
【解析】考查形容词。设空处作curiosity的定语，故填形容词natural。
4．【答案】greatly
【解析】考查副词。本空需用副词修饰动词decline，故填greatly。
5．【答案】basic
【解析】考查形容词。设空处作skills的定语，意为“基本的”，故填形容词basic。
6．【答案】later
【解析】考查形容词。设空处作定语，表示“以后的，后来的”，故填形容词later。
7．【答案】generally
【解析】考查副词。设空处修饰acknowledged，故填副词generally。
8．【答案】poorer
【解析】考查比较级。根据本句中的less well可推知设空处需用比较级形式，根据提示词poor可知设空处填poorer。
9．【答案】effective
【解析】考查形容词。句意：正如这个项目所展示的那样，与家庭合作而非绕开家长是帮助孩子有一个最好开端的最有效的方法。设空处作名词way的定语，故填形容词，根据提示词effect可知设空处填effective。
10．【答案】best
【解析】考查形容词最高级。根据语境可知设空处填形容词最高级，根据提示词good可知设空处填best。
Passage 2
（2025·江苏省苏州市高三期中）
Visiting a museum or going on a study tour is a fast developing social trend, which has significantly increased footfalls (客流) at major, popular museums. Such has been the rush of visitors that many museums have extended 1 (they) opening hours. What’s more, the visitors comprise not only history lovers, but also 2 increasing number of ordinary people. All this suggests the cultural tourism sector 3 (show) strong recovery at present, which in turn has accelerated culture-tourism integration.
However, the 4 (rapid) rising footfalls have presented new challenges for the museums, as they have to cater to the visitors’ demand for special cultural services, and take measures to better facilitate academic research.
The experience of the Suzhou Museum in Jiangsu province may give readers an idea about 5 the museums should do to deal with the onrush of visitors. First, the museums should consider 6 (extend) their role beyond the traditional field of education and research, and integrate into the local 7 (determine) what sort of cultural tourism sector. They could, for example, conduct surveys services they should provide to meet the needs of the visitors. Second, the 8 (apply) of digital technology can promote reform in the cultural relic and artwork field. Third, cross-border integration of cultural and 9 (education) resources has become a new trend at a time when China is promoting long-term learning and education. And fourth, museums should develop services for elderly people too, given the fact that elderly people account 10 more than 20 percent of China’s total population.
【答案】
1．their 2．an 3．is showing/shows 4．rapidly 5．what 6．extending 7．to determine 8．application 9．educational 10．for
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是参观博物馆或进行研学旅行这一社会趋势的快速发展，以及这一趋势给博物馆带来的机遇与挑战。
1．考查物主代词。句意：由于游客蜂拥而来，许多博物馆都延长了开放时间。根据语境可知，句子表示“许多博物馆都延长了他们的开放时间”，空格处意为“他们的”，用形容词性物主代词their修饰opening hours。故填their。
2．考查冠词。句意：更重要的是，游客不仅包括历史爱好者，也包括越来越多的普通人。an increasing number of是固定短语，意为“越来越多的……”，因此空格处用冠词an，故填an。
3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这些都表明，目前文化旅游行业呈现出强劲的复苏态势，这反过来又加速了文化与旅游的融合。由at present可知，句子时态用现在进行时或一般现在时，主语the cultural tourism sector是单数，因此空格处用is showing或第三人称单数shows。故填is showing/shows。
4．考查副词。句意：然而，快速增长的客流量给博物馆带来了新的挑战，因为他们必须满足游客对特殊文化服务的需求，并采取措施更好地促进学术研究。空格处用副词rapidly修饰形容词rising，rapidly意为“快速地”。故填rapidly。
5．考查宾语从句。句意：江苏省苏州博物馆的经验可以给读者提供一些关于博物馆应该如何应对游客涌入的想法。空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，句子表示“江苏省苏州博物馆的经验可以给读者提供一些关于博物馆应该如何应对游客涌入的想法”，因此空格处用what引导宾语从句，故填what。
6．考查动名词。句意：首先，博物馆应该考虑将自己的角色延伸到传统的教育和研究领域之外，并融入当地确定什么样的文化旅游部门。consider doing sth.是固定短语，意为“考虑做某事”，因此空格处用动名词extending作宾语。故填extending。
7．考查不定式。句意：首先，博物馆应该考虑将自己的角色延伸到传统的教育和研究领域之外，并融入当地确定什么样的文化旅游部门。根据语境可知，句子表示“博物馆应该考虑将自己的角色延伸到传统的教育和研究领域之外，并融入当地确定什么样的文化旅游部门”，因此空格处用不定式表目的，故填to determine。
8．考查名词。句意：第二，数字技术的应用可以促进文物艺术领域的改革。由the和of可知，空格处用名词做主语，此处表示“数字技术的应用”，空格处意为“应用”，名词是application，是不可数名词，故填application。
9．考查形容词。句意：第三，在中国提倡长期学习和教育的背景下，文化和教育资源的跨界整合已成为一种新趋势。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词resources，education的形容词是educational，意为“教育的”。故填educational。
10．考查介词。句意：第四，鉴于老年人占中国总人口的20%以上，博物馆也应该为老年人提供服务。account for是固定短语，意为“占……比例”，因此空格处用介词for，故填for。
Passage 3
（2025·河北省邢台市质检联盟高三期中）
In the remote mountains of Songde Village, Sichuan Province, nearly 800 residents are living better thanks to the remarkable changes to its roads.
1 (locate) in the valleys at an altitude of about 3,150 meters, the Tibetan communities have long struggled with poor transportation.
Before 2016, the villagers relied mainly 2 dirt roads for transportation.” On sunny days, we were covered in dust; on rainy days, we were covered in mud,” said a villager. And travel was especially dangerous between October and May, 3 the roads are often iced over.
A gravel（砾石）road was built in 2016, 4 (guarantee) vehicle access for Songde residents. But the real breakthrough came in 2019 with the 5 (complete) of a 4.2-kilometer paved road connecting the village to National Highway G227, 6 (significant) reducing the villagers’ travel time to get to the outside world.
And now that villagers are seeking their fortune outside, the village’s average annual income 7 (increase) from 6,000 yuan in 2016 to over 16,000 yuan. The road has also improved access to essential services. Rural bus services now operate there, offering 8 (afford) rides to residents.
Local tourism is also on 9 rise, leading villagers to develop homestays. Once new houses are built, some 10 (transform) into guesthouses soon, with both villagers and the local government investing in them.
【答案】
1．Located 2．on 3．when 4．guaranteeing 5．completion 6．significantly 7．has increased 8．affordable 9．the 10．will be transformed
【解析】本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了由于交通改善四川松德村村民过上了更好的生活。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：藏族社区位于海拔约3150米的山谷中，长期以来一直与交通不便作斗争。句中已有谓语have struggled，locate 在句子中作非谓语，且the Tibetan communities与动词locate（使坐落于）为被动关系，过去分词located作状语，表示藏族社区位于海拔3150米的峡谷中，长期挣扎于落后的交通。句首字母大写。故填Located。
2．考查介词。句意：在2016年之前，村民们主要依靠土路运输。结合空前relied，为动词rely 过去式，相关搭配rely on（依靠，依赖），应用介词on。故填on。
3．考查定语从句。句意：在10月到5月之间旅行尤其危险，因为这段时间道路经常被冰覆盖。分析句子可知，此处为关系副词when引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词between October and May在从句中作时间状语成分。故填when。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：2016年修建了碎石路，保障了松德村居民的车辆通行。结合句中已有谓语was built和空前无连词，guarantee在句子中作非谓语，且A gravel road与动词guarantee （确保，动词）为主动关系，用现在分词guaranteeing作状语。故填guaranteeing。
5．考查名词。句意：但真正的突破是在2019年，一条连接村庄和227国道的4.2公里公路完工，大大减少了村民到外面世界的旅行时间。由空前the定冠词可知，此处为名词形式。故填completion。
6．考查副词。句意：但真正的突破是在2019年，一条连接村庄和227国道的4.2公里公路完工，大大减少了村民到外面世界的旅行时间。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词significantly作状语修饰动词reducing。故填significantly。
7．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：现在村民们都在外面寻找出路，该村的平均年收入从2016年的6000元增加到16000元以上。increase在句子中作谓语，主语the village’s average annual income为不可数名词，且说明过去对现在的影响，用现在完成时态，应用has increased。故填has increased。
8．考查形容词。句意：农村公交服务现在在那里运营，为居民提供负担得起的乘车服务。结合空后名词rides，应用动词afford（承担得起）的形容词形式affordable（付得起的，负担得起的），作定语修饰 rides。故填affordable。
9．考查固定搭配。句意：当地旅游业也在兴起，带动村民发展民宿。分析句子可知，此处为固定搭配on the rise表示“在上升，在增长”，满足句意要求。故填the。
10．考查动词时态和语态。句意：一旦新房子建成，一些很快就会被改造成宾馆，村民和当地政府都会投资。本句为主从复合句，once引导时间状语从句，用一般现在时态，按照主将从现的原则，主句用一般将来时态，结合主句中第三人称复数主语some和动词transform（改造，变换）为被动关系，应用 will be transformed。故填will be transformed。
真题实战练（语篇填空）（标黄处为本专题考点）
Passage 1
(2020·新课标Ⅱ)
Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a ___61___ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___62___ (carry) special significance. They represent the earth ___63___ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more ___64___ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times ___65___ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office. ___66___ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated ___67___ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy ___68___ (care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The ___69___ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are ____70____ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
【答案】61. celebration 62. carries ing 64. than 65. decorated
66. Certainly 67. with 68. to care 69. beautiful 70. the
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的寓意。
61.考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
62.考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
64.考查短语。句意：桔子树不仅仅是装饰品；more than不仅仅，不只是。故填than。
65.考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
66.考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
67.考查短语。句意：竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with与……相联系。故填with。
68.考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
69.考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
70.考查冠词。句意：雪还在融化时，梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指，所以序数词first前要加定冠词the。故填the。
Passage 2
(2021年新高考I卷)
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
【答案】56. What 57.humans 58. undoubtedly 59. hotter 60. astonished 61. was
62. and 63. aching 64. mine 65. a
【解析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海，温泉以及台阶。
56. What考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
57.humans考查名词复数。句意：当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
58. undoubtedly考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
59. hotter考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
60. astonished考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。
61. was考查一般过去时。句意：你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知，“how hard it (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语，it是从句的形式主语，不定式为真正主语，谓语动词用单数形式，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was。
62. and考查连词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知，“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系，都是作it的谓语，故用并列连词and。
63. aching考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
64. mine考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知，本句为does指代前一句的stick，本句缺乏宾语，应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory。故填mine。
65. a考查冠词。句意：当你在中国的时候，黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时，意为“绝对必要的事物”，为可数名词，此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”，应用不定冠词，must是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
Passage 3
(2021·新高考II卷)
I've always loved the ocean. In the____36____ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____37____ (think)it is food.
I decided to do something ____38____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company____39____ used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I found the contact information of the company____40____ emailed its president. I told him how ____41____ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so____42____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____43____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company ____44____ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over _____45_____ plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【答案】36. seventh 37. thinking 38. to educate 39. which/that 40. and 41. harmful
42. excited 43. was 44. representative 45. from
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
36.考查序数词。句意：七年级的时候，我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词，所以填seventh。
37.考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，________ (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。
38.考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，________ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。
39.考查定语从句。句意：我决定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就给它发邮件，敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构， ________ used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a company，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which或that引导该从句，所以填which或that。
40.考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填and。
41.考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。
42.考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。
43.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。
44.考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。
45.考查介词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
