专题01 阅读理解细节理解题
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
题型01 直接信息题 3
题型02 直接理解题 3
题型03 间接信息题 4
题型04 数字计算题 6
题型05 排列顺序题 7
题型06 图表图画题 8
高考练场 10
题型简介
细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解中最基本的题型，主要考查考生对文章具体信息的理解和提取能力。一般包括直接信息题、直接理解题、间接信息题、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。它要求考生能够读懂文章中的具体细节内容，如事件发生的时间、地点、人物、原因、过程、结果等诸多细节信息。这种题型在阅读理解部分占比较大，是获取高分的基础。
细节理解题的文章体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文等。文章内容涉及广泛，如人物传记、科技知识、文化教育、社会现象等诸多领域。
设题类型
直接信息题：直接询问文章中明确提到的具体信息，如 “What time did the train leave ”“Who is the author of the book mentioned in the text ” 这些问题的答案可以直接在原文中找到对应的语句。
间接信息题：这类题目需要考生对原文中的信息进行简单的转换或者推理。例如，问题可能是根据文中所描述的人物的行为来推断其态度，或者根据事件发生的先后顺序来推断某个事件的原因。提问方式可能是 “Why did the character make such a decision ”“What can be inferred about the situation from the description ”
数字计算题：通常涉及文章中的数字信息，如时间、价格、数量等，要求考生进行简单的计算。例如，“If the original price of a product is $100 and it's on a 20% discount, how much does it cost now ”
排序题：要求考生根据文章内容对事件、步骤等进行排序。比如，“Which of the following is the correct order of the process described in the text ”
解题思路
定位信息：首先，根据题目中的关键词（如人名、地名、时间、事件等），快速在文章中定位相关段落或者语句。例如，如果题目问的是关于某个科学家的研究成果，就快速找到文中提及该科学家的部分。
仔细阅读：定位到信息后，仔细阅读该部分内容，理解细节信息的含义。注意理解上下文语境，有时候一个单词或者短语的意思需要结合上下文才能准确把握。
对比选项：将选项与原文内容进行逐一对比。对于直接信息题，看选项是否与原文表述一致；对于间接信息题，判断选项是否是对原文信息合理的转换或推理；对于数字计算题，检查计算过程是否正确；对于排序题，核对选项中的顺序是否与原文描述相符。排除与原文不符的选项，从而选出正确答案。
命题方式
考查文章细节理解的测试题的常见问题：
① This article is particularly written for ...
② When the writer says … he really means ...
③ The author’s attitude to… is that ...
④ What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage
⑤ The writer regards… as ...
⑥ The writer’s purpose in writing this story is ...
题型01 直接信息题
对于直接信息题，可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在原文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。也就是说，命题者设置的题目比较直接，理解字面意思即可作答。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体，大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。
(2024-2025学年河南省九师联盟高三11月质量检测英语试题)
Volunteers help keep the farm running. Volunteer tasks vary from week to week. Farm tasks may include keeping our fields free of weeds and rocks, planting new crops in turn, deadheading flowers, teaming up on irrigation (灌溉), composting (堆肥) and having a great time getting dirty. We ask volunteers come prepared with close-toed shoes and loose clothes and that they don’t mind getting dirty! We have gloves and tools for all.
We welcome volunteers 10 years old and older. Those between 10 and 14 years old are required to have a parent actively volunteering beside them. We reserve the right to cancel volunteer sessions up to two hours in advance. Excessive (过度的) heat (90 degrees and above), poor air quality, rain (over 50% chance) or other bad weather will cause automatic cancelation.
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2. What is probably the lower age limit for volunteers on the farm
A. 5. B. 10. C. 12. D. 14.
题型02 直接理解题
细节类阅读理解题，一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。其中的直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。因此所选答案一定要符合原文，这里的符合原文是指所选答案有下列特征：1. 是原文的再现；2. 是原文的改写；3. 是原文的简化。
(安徽省江淮十校2025届高三第二次联考)
Are you planning to escape your busy schedule Here are some fascinating, newly-appointed national-level tourist resorts for you to choose from for your next getaway. Would you like to ski down the slopes (斜坡) of a well-equipped ski resort Or perhaps you’d like to relax in the lush mountains and clear waters Let’s begin your new adventure.
Xiling Snow Mountain & Huashui Bay Tourist Resort
Address: Chengdu city, Sichuan province.
It is centered around two main areas: The Xiling Snow Mountain Ski Resort and the Huashui Bay Scenic Area. The ski resort, featuring seven trails, is the best in the market in Southwest China and the largest and most well-equipped ski resort in the region. Huashui Bay Town has been praised by the United Nations Human Settlements Program as a livable town. The resort offers a variety of accommodation options, including star-rated hotels, inns and campsites.
Mulan Lake Tourism Resort
Address: Wuhan city, Hubei province
Covering a total area of 50 square kilometers, the resort contains distinctive attractions, including Mulan Lake, Mulan Flower Valley and museums steeped in profound history and “Jingchu” culture. “Jingchu” refers to Hubei province and its surrounding areas in ancient China. Here, visitors can be absorbed in a number of activities, including slow and leisurely boating, gentle valley explorations, relaxed walking among museums, as well as appreciation of the lake scenery.
Yixian International Rural Tourism Resort
Address: Huangshan city, Anhui province
Yixian International Rural Tourism Resort is located in Yixian county, which is known as a “Village in a Chinese Painting”. This resort is a concentrated display and presentation area of Huizhou culture. It is the first village-themed international rural tourism resort in the country. The resort has a good natural ecological environment and a profound Huizhou culture. Moreover, it also has many international brand hotels, good standard guesthouses, and high-quality homestays.
22. What can people do at Mulan Lake Tourism Resort
A. Admire the beauty of flowers and snow.
B. Hold an intense rowing competition.
C. Participate in professional valley exploration.
D. Conduct a regional cultural tour.
题型03 间接信息题
间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，因为其答案选项的表述通常不是使用文章的原话，而是使用与文中同义或近义的词语来表达。考生需对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进一步推理鉴别；做这类题目时，学生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对学生来说有一定难度。
(山东师范大学附属中学2024~2025学年高三12月月考英语试题)
Most of the big UK cities host a Christmas market with big-name sponsors. But sometimes it’s rewarding to go somewhere smaller — the markets that include craftsmen, food and drink vendors (小贩) and a charming atmosphere.
Chatsworth’s Christmas market, near Bakewell, Derbyshire
The Chatsworth Estate becomes extra atmospheric in winter, with its sweeping fields framing a frosty stream, sheep wandering about and the grand home. It has more than 100 stalls where shoppers can browse locally made vegan fragrances, festive decorations, Indian-print pajamas and handmade Wirksworth pottery.
Logie Steading mini market, near Forres, Moray
This market is a shopping heaven with acres of Highland-beauty all around. Stalls feature Scottish small businesses, with more than 50 vendors selling jewellery, leather goods, homeware made from recycled whisky bottles and homemade goodies. Equally charming are the farm shop, bookshop and lovely river walks.
Alnwick Castle Christmas Fair, Northumberland
There’s real festive magic to be found at the castle used as the location for Hogwarts in the Harry Potter films, Shoppers will wander past a number of filming spots from the movies, including the courtyards and outer bailey — where Quidditch games were shot — before buying goods from small British brands.
Portmeirion Food and Craft Fair, Gwynedd
Portmeirion was built by a Welsh architect who brought his vision for an “ideal village” to life. About 120 vendors sell fashionable handprinted scarves, Welsh whisky, handcrafted lamps. Cookery demonstrations and live music add to the festival feel. While you’ re in the area, you might board a festive steam train into the woods of Snowdonia National Park.
1. What do the first two markets have in common
A. They own farm shops. B. They sell local handicrafts.
C. They offer Highland beauty. D. They advocate recycling artworks.
题型04 数字计算题
数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。
(2025届浙江省绍兴市诸暨市高三上学期一模考试英语试题)
Best Washington, D．C．Museums
Washington, D. C. has wonderful museums that appeal to virtually any visitor’s interest. From large publicly funded institutions to small historic homes, get ready to learn a great deal and find some welcome surprises and bonus.
Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
There is something for everyone at this world-famous museum. It houses so many artifacts(手工艺品)that you can’t possibly see them all in one visit. The dinosaur exhibits are fascinating and great for kids. Then there’s amazing scenery in the IMAX films.
Visiting Tip: If you are visiting with kids, be sure to have a shot at hands-on activities.
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International Spy Museum
Kids love looking at spy devices and cameras at International Spy Museum, not to mention the interactive spy missions you can try out here.
Visiting Tip: Tickets for the museum start at $22.95 for adults, $16.95 for seniors, and $14.95 for children ages 7 to 11, and children under 6 are free.
23. How much should a couple with their pre-school kid pay for the Spy Museum tickets
A. $33.90 B. $37.90 C. $45.90 D. $48.85
题型05 排列顺序题
排序题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。近几年高考英语题中，这类试题出现较少，但也需要引起学生注意。
(2023上·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中)
With the availability of easy-to-use at-home kits, DNA testing for dogs has become increasingly popular among dog owners in recent years. It can provide invaluable insights into a dog’s breed, health risks, and even behaviors.
DNA testing typically works by analyzing the genetic material found in a sample of cells taken from the inside of your dog’s cheek. This sample is then compared to a database of known breeds and genetic markers associated with certain traits or health conditions.
The first step in obtaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type you want. Most companies offer several different types of tests that vary in cost and complexity. For instance, some tests just analyze your dog’s breed composition, while others can assess additional genetic markers associated with certain diseases or behaviors.
Then it’s time to collect your dog’s sample using the provided swab (拭子) kit or saliva-collection tube included with most kits. The swab should be gently rubbed inside your pet’s cheek according to the kit’s directions before being placed into the collection container provided by the company. After collecting the sample, it should be mailed back to the laboratory for processing according to instructions given by the company providing the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks for results to be processed and sent back via email or mail. Results will vary depending on which type of test was purchased, but they generally include detailed information about your pet’s breed composition as well as any potential health risks or behavioral traits associated with their genetics that could affect their overall well-being and quality of life.
If you’re looking for an easy way to learn more about your pup’s background without spending too much money, then DNA testing might just be right up your alley.
10. What is the correct order of having an DNA test
①get the sample processed ②rub the swab gently ③receive the result
④select the type of test ⑤place the swab into the container ⑥mail the sample back to the lab
A. ④-②-⑤-⑥-①-③ B. ④ ⑤-①-②-⑥-③
C. ②-⑤-④-①-⑥-③ D. ②-④-⑤-⑥-①-③
题型06 图表图画题
在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。学生应该把握准图表图画中的一些细微处，找准和题干相关的信息，不得疏忽。
(重庆市南开中学高2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题)
Welcome to Teenagers Abroad! We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language learning.Our Courses
Regardless of your choice, you’ll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively. Our Standard Course guarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language, with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas — speaking, listening, reading and writing.
Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning (see table below).
Course Type Days Number of Lessons Course Timetable
Standard Course Mon-Fri 20 lessons 9:00-12:30
Intensive Course Mon-Fri 20 lessons 9:00-12:30
10 lessons 13:00-14:30
Evaluation
Students are placed into classes according to their current language skills. The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme. However, if this is not available, students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course. Learning materials are provided for students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.
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5．What do we know about the Intensive Course and Standard Course
A．Both courses develop your confidence.
B．The Intensive Course includes extra lessons.
C．An online language test is a must for students.
D．The Standard Course is less effective than the Intensive Course.
题型01 直接信息题
(2024年新课标高考英语I卷A篇节选)
“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
题型02 直接理解题(2024年新课标高考英语甲卷D篇节选)
“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
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12. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie
A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report.
C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list.
题型03 间接信息题
(2024年新课标高考英语II卷C篇节选)
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
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5. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A. By popularity. B. By length.
C. By theme. D. By language.
题型04 数字计算题
(2024年新课标高考英语I卷A篇)
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
A
（24-25高三上·湖北省直辖县级单位·阶段练习）SIBF is one of the largest and most anticipated book fairs in the world. It is held annually in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, and attracts a wide range of sellers from around the globe, selling books in all languages and kinds. Time and Location
The Sharjah International Book Fair this year will be held from Wednesday, November 20 to Sunday, December 15, at the Expo Centre Sharjah. Tips for Visitors
●Be prepared to bargain with the sellers, especially if you are buying multiple ones.
●Bring a reusable water bottle and snacks, as food and drinks can be quite expensive at the fair.
●Make a list of the books you want to buy ahead of time, so you will spend less time on selection.
●Take advantage of the free events and activities, such as author talks, workshops, and cultural performances. Other Useful Information for Visitors
●The fair is open to the public and admission is free.
●The fair is open from 10 am to 10 pm daily.
●The fair is wheel chair accessible.
●There is a children’s play area located on-site. Transportation
The Expo Centre Sharjah is located on Airport Road, approximately 15 minutes from Sharjah International Airport. There are a number of ways to get to the fairgrounds, including rail, taxi, bus and car, among which rail is the fastest and most popular.
1．What can visitors do at the fair
A．Taste free snacks. B．Buy discounted books.
C．Sponsor workshops. D．Sell their used books.
2．Which of the following is a feature of the fair
A．It is disability-friendly. B．It is open 24 hours.
C．It provides childcare service. D．It charges very little for entry.
3．What is the purpose of the text
A．To introduce a city. B．To attract authors.
C．To advertise books. D．To promote a fair.
B
（24-25高三上·江苏扬州·期中）Flowers, ocean waves, animals, totem (图腾): Sitting in his northeast Beijing studio, Cai Honghao hammers on a piece of cow leather, bringing to life a new design. Cai, 41, is one of China’s few leather crafters.
He began crafting leather six years ago when he was the creative director of an advertising company. Fed up with the stress of his job, Cai declined to renew his contract last year. He is now devoted to leather crafting. “It’s great fun as I try new designs and make it more challenging.”
Each work undergoes many stages, from drawing pictures on paper to coloring the crafted leather. He does it all himself, but sometimes his wife helps. The back of the leather should be pasted on paper to prevent changing the shape, and then covered with tape to seal it during coloring. Cai also sprays water on the surface to make the leather easier to work. His 70-square-meter studio is filled with leather and tools. Pens are used to carve the outline of the pattern, while different machines create the shallow holes on the leather. The patterns become vivid under Cai’s hammers and shaping tools. For a bag or belt, he also sews pieces of leather together, and a work can take a week to several months, with the prices up to tens of thousands of yuan.
“It is an extremely complicated and time-consuming process,” he says. His shoulders can ache after bending over his worktop day and night. “But I enjoy it, and my family are keen on my art. Otherwise, they would not let me do this fulltime.” Cai hopes to realize the beauty of ancient Chinese paintings that are full of Chinese flavor. “Now my dream is realized,” he says. His next project is an exhibition of his work.
4．Why did Cai Honghao leave his job last year
A．He was forced by his contract. B．He was fond of advertising.
C．He was tired of the pressure. D．He was blamed by the director.
5．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．The effectiveness of Cai’s skills. B．The efficiency of Cai’s machines.
C．The complexity of leather crafting. D．The diversity of rare leather works.
6．What can best describe his commitment to the shoulder-aching job
A．Do not put off until tomorrow what you love to do at this moment.
B．Do what you love, and you’ll never have to work a day in your life.
C．Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
D．If you don’t like something, change it. If you can’t, change your attitude.
7．What is his family members’ attitude
A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Indifferent. D．Unclear.
C
（24-25高三上·安徽·期中）Google is considering charging for artificial intelligence (AI)-powered search in what would be the biggest change of its business model since it was founded. The large search company, which is owned by Alphabet, has never before put any of its key products behind a paywall. However, bosses are considering charging for new advanced search features powered by AI.
The company is dealing with how to make use of the AI technology without threatening its advertising-funded business model. There are fears that the invention of AI chatbots (聊天机器人) will weaken search engines such as Google by allowing people to ask for the information they require rather than searching for it. This would rob (掠夺) Google of the valuable data it collects from users.
Its leaders are now reportedly weighing up whether to put AI-powered search features behind a paywall in a way that would allow it to take advantage of the new technology without competing with its core search engine. Alphabet is looking at putting AI-powered search into its advanced subscription services.
Engineers are reportedly developing the functionality needed for the changes but the leaders have not made a decision on whether or when to begin the plan. Under the plans being considered, Google’s search engine would remain free. A spokesman of Alphabet said: “We’re not working on or considering an ad-free search experience. We’ll go on building new capabilities and services to enhance our subscription offerings across Google.” The spokesman added: “For years, we’ve been reinventing Search to help people access information in the way that’s most natural to them. With our generative AI experiments in Search, we’ve already served billions of queries (询问). We will keep rapidly improving the product to serve new user needs.”
Last year, Google’s income from search and advertising made up more than half of its total sales. The company was caught flat-footed by the huge success of ChatGPT, which has been backed by its competitor Microsoft. Google launched its own AI chatbot, Gemini, in response but the technology received a lot of complaints for placing stress on diversity and harmless answers instead of accuracy. Later Google stopped the tool’s ability to draw pictures and apologized.
8．What is Alphabet’s main concern regarding AI chatbots
A．AI chatbots will give away users’ secrets.
B．Google will lose the chance to get users’ data.
C．Other search engines will replace Google.
D．The cost of its core product will increase.
9．What will Alphabet continue doing
A．Making its main product accessible to everyone.
B．Sharing AI technology with other technology companies.
C．Adding AI-powered search into its subscription services.
D．Improving its services to expand its subscription offerings.
10．What is people’s attitude towards Google’s Gemini
A．Mixed. B．Favorable. C．Critical. D．Unclear.
11．What is mainly talked about in the text
A．The competition among technology companies.
B．Google’s new search engine.
C．The importance of AI technology.
D．A change in Google’s business model.
D
（24-25高三上·重庆·阶段练习）The abdominal cerebrum theory (肠脑理论) is a concept that suggests the gut (肠) has a complex network of neurons capable of independent action and decision-making, which is called the “second brain”. This theory stresses the importance of the enteric (肠道的) nervous system (ENS), which is responsible for controlling digestion, but recent research suggests it may play a larger role in overall health and well-being.
The ENS consists of over 100 million neurons. These neurons communicate with each other and with the central nervous system (CNS), allowing for both local reflexes and coordination with the CNS.
One of the most convincing aspects of the abdominal cerebrum theory is the ENS’s ability to function autonomously. While it receives input from the CNS, it can operate independently, regulating processes such as blood flow and gut movement. This nature demonstrates its resemblance to a “second brain”.
The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication network linking the ENS and the CNS. This interaction goes beyond mere signaling; it involves neurotransmitters like serotonin(90% of which is produced in the gut) and dopamine. These chemicals influence mood, anxiety, and even cognition, suggesting that gut health directly impacts mental health.
Emerging research indicates that conditions like tiredness, and even depression and anxiety are linked to an imbalance in the gut microbiota (肠道菌群). The ENS also plays a crucial role in diseases such as obesity and diabetes.
Despite its appeal, the abdominal cerebrum theory faces several criticisms. Some argue that while the theory acknowledges the ENS is complex, labeling it as a “second brain” may oversimplify or mislead. Others point out that more research is needed to fully understand its precise role in various health conditions.
Moreover, translating basic research into clinical applications remains challenging. The interplay between genetics, lifestyle factors, and environmental influences complicates efforts to develop targeted therapies based on the theory.
12．Why is the gut often called the “second brain”
A．Because it contains millions of neurons. B．Because it can function independently.
C．Because it controls all body functions. D．Because it impacts overall well-being.
13．Which of the following is among the functions of the ENS
A．Controlling the operation of the CNS. B．Disturbing the performance of the CNS.
C．Regulating digestion and gut movement. D．Coordinating blood flow and muscle movement.
14．According to paragraph 4, what can be learnt about neurotransmitters
A．They are mostly produced in the brain. B．They impact both mood and cognition.
C．They are not important for gut health. D．They only affect our physical health.
15．Why is the theory criticized
A．Because it has no prospects of clinic applications. B．Because it denies the complexity of the ENS.
C．Because it may cause misunderstanding. D．Because it hasn’t been studied so far.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题01 阅读理解细节理解题
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 3
题型01 直接信息题 3
题型02 直接理解题 3
题型03 间接信息题 4
题型04 数字计算题 6
题型05 排列顺序题 7
题型06 图表图画题 8
高考练场 10
题型简介
细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解中最基本的题型，主要考查考生对文章具体信息的理解和提取能力。一般包括直接信息题、直接理解题、间接信息题、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。它要求考生能够读懂文章中的具体细节内容，如事件发生的时间、地点、人物、原因、过程、结果等诸多细节信息。这种题型在阅读理解部分占比较大，是获取高分的基础。
细节理解题的文章体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文等。文章内容涉及广泛，如人物传记、科技知识、文化教育、社会现象等诸多领域。
设题类型
直接信息题：直接询问文章中明确提到的具体信息，如 “What time did the train leave ”“Who is the author of the book mentioned in the text ” 这些问题的答案可以直接在原文中找到对应的语句。
间接信息题：这类题目需要考生对原文中的信息进行简单的转换或者推理。例如，问题可能是根据文中所描述的人物的行为来推断其态度，或者根据事件发生的先后顺序来推断某个事件的原因。提问方式可能是 “Why did the character make such a decision ”“What can be inferred about the situation from the description ”
数字计算题：通常涉及文章中的数字信息，如时间、价格、数量等，要求考生进行简单的计算。例如，“If the original price of a product is $100 and it's on a 20% discount, how much does it cost now ”
排序题：要求考生根据文章内容对事件、步骤等进行排序。比如，“Which of the following is the correct order of the process described in the text ”
解题思路
定位信息：首先，根据题目中的关键词（如人名、地名、时间、事件等），快速在文章中定位相关段落或者语句。例如，如果题目问的是关于某个科学家的研究成果，就快速找到文中提及该科学家的部分。
仔细阅读：定位到信息后，仔细阅读该部分内容，理解细节信息的含义。注意理解上下文语境，有时候一个单词或者短语的意思需要结合上下文才能准确把握。
对比选项：将选项与原文内容进行逐一对比。对于直接信息题，看选项是否与原文表述一致；对于间接信息题，判断选项是否是对原文信息合理的转换或推理；对于数字计算题，检查计算过程是否正确；对于排序题，核对选项中的顺序是否与原文描述相符。排除与原文不符的选项，从而选出正确答案。
命题方式
考查文章细节理解的测试题的常见问题：
① This article is particularly written for ...
② When the writer says … he really means ...
③ The author’s attitude to… is that ...
④ What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage
⑤ The writer regards… as ...
⑥ The writer’s purpose in writing this story is ...
题型01 直接信息题
对于直接信息题，可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在原文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。也就是说，命题者设置的题目比较直接，理解字面意思即可作答。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体，大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。
(2024-2025学年河南省九师联盟高三11月质量检测英语试题)
Volunteers help keep the farm running. Volunteer tasks vary from week to week. Farm tasks may include keeping our fields free of weeds and rocks, planting new crops in turn, deadheading flowers, teaming up on irrigation (灌溉), composting (堆肥) and having a great time getting dirty. We ask volunteers come prepared with close-toed shoes and loose clothes and that they don’t mind getting dirty! We have gloves and tools for all.
We welcome volunteers 10 years old and older. Those between 10 and 14 years old are required to have a parent actively volunteering beside them. We reserve the right to cancel volunteer sessions up to two hours in advance. Excessive (过度的) heat (90 degrees and above), poor air quality, rain (over 50% chance) or other bad weather will cause automatic cancelation.
.........
2. What is probably the lower age limit for volunteers on the farm
A. 5. B. 10. C. 12. D. 14.
【答案】 2. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个在斯坦福教育农场的志愿活动的相关信息。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“We welcome volunteers 10 years old and older. Those between 10 and 14 years old are required to have a parent actively volunteering beside them.(我们欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者。10岁至14岁的孩子必须有一位家长积极陪伴)”可知，志愿者的最低年龄可能是10岁。故选B项。
题型02 直接理解题
细节类阅读理解题，一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。其中的直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。因此所选答案一定要符合原文，这里的符合原文是指所选答案有下列特征：1. 是原文的再现；2. 是原文的改写；3. 是原文的简化。
(安徽省江淮十校2025届高三第二次联考)
Are you planning to escape your busy schedule Here are some fascinating, newly-appointed national-level tourist resorts for you to choose from for your next getaway. Would you like to ski down the slopes (斜坡) of a well-equipped ski resort Or perhaps you’d like to relax in the lush mountains and clear waters Let’s begin your new adventure.
Xiling Snow Mountain & Huashui Bay Tourist Resort
Address: Chengdu city, Sichuan province.
It is centered around two main areas: The Xiling Snow Mountain Ski Resort and the Huashui Bay Scenic Area. The ski resort, featuring seven trails, is the best in the market in Southwest China and the largest and most well-equipped ski resort in the region. Huashui Bay Town has been praised by the United Nations Human Settlements Program as a livable town. The resort offers a variety of accommodation options, including star-rated hotels, inns and campsites.
Mulan Lake Tourism Resort
Address: Wuhan city, Hubei province
Covering a total area of 50 square kilometers, the resort contains distinctive attractions, including Mulan Lake, Mulan Flower Valley and museums steeped in profound history and “Jingchu” culture. “Jingchu” refers to Hubei province and its surrounding areas in ancient China. Here, visitors can be absorbed in a number of activities, including slow and leisurely boating, gentle valley explorations, relaxed walking among museums, as well as appreciation of the lake scenery.
Yixian International Rural Tourism Resort
Address: Huangshan city, Anhui province
Yixian International Rural Tourism Resort is located in Yixian county, which is known as a “Village in a Chinese Painting”. This resort is a concentrated display and presentation area of Huizhou culture. It is the first village-themed international rural tourism resort in the country. The resort has a good natural ecological environment and a profound Huizhou culture. Moreover, it also has many international brand hotels, good standard guesthouses, and high-quality homestays.
22. What can people do at Mulan Lake Tourism Resort
A. Admire the beauty of flowers and snow.
B. Hold an intense rowing competition.
C. Participate in professional valley exploration.
D. Conduct a regional cultural tour.
【答案】 22. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了中国三个国家级旅游度假区，为游客提供了从滑雪、山区休闲到文化探索、乡村旅游等多种旅游体验。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Mulan Lake Tourism Resort部分的“Covering a total area of 50 square kilometers, the resort contains distinctive attractions, including Mulan Lake, Mulan Flower Valley and museums steeped in profound history and “Jingchu” culture. (该度假区总面积达50平方公里，拥有众多独具特色的景点，包括木兰湖、木兰花谷以及充满深厚历史和“荆楚”文化底蕴的博物馆。)”可知，人们在Mulan Lake Tourism Resort可以
题型03 间接信息题
间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，因为其答案选项的表述通常不是使用文章的原话，而是使用与文中同义或近义的词语来表达。考生需对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进一步推理鉴别；做这类题目时，学生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对学生来说有一定难度。
(山东师范大学附属中学2024~2025学年高三12月月考英语试题)
Most of the big UK cities host a Christmas market with big-name sponsors. But sometimes it’s rewarding to go somewhere smaller — the markets that include craftsmen, food and drink vendors (小贩) and a charming atmosphere.
Chatsworth’s Christmas market, near Bakewell, Derbyshire
The Chatsworth Estate becomes extra atmospheric in winter, with its sweeping fields framing a frosty stream, sheep wandering about and the grand home. It has more than 100 stalls where shoppers can browse locally made vegan fragrances, festive decorations, Indian-print pajamas and handmade Wirksworth pottery.
Logie Steading mini market, near Forres, Moray
This market is a shopping heaven with acres of Highland-beauty all around. Stalls feature Scottish small businesses, with more than 50 vendors selling jewellery, leather goods, homeware made from recycled whisky bottles and homemade goodies. Equally charming are the farm shop, bookshop and lovely river walks.
Alnwick Castle Christmas Fair, Northumberland
There’s real festive magic to be found at the castle used as the location for Hogwarts in the Harry Potter films, Shoppers will wander past a number of filming spots from the movies, including the courtyards and outer bailey — where Quidditch games were shot — before buying goods from small British brands.
Portmeirion Food and Craft Fair, Gwynedd
Portmeirion was built by a Welsh architect who brought his vision for an “ideal village” to life. About 120 vendors sell fashionable handprinted scarves, Welsh whisky, handcrafted lamps. Cookery demonstrations and live music add to the festival feel. While you’ re in the area, you might board a festive steam train into the woods of Snowdonia National Park.
1. What do the first two markets have in common
A. They own farm shops. B. They sell local handicrafts.
C. They offer Highland beauty. D. They advocate recycling artworks.
【答案】1. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了英国四个较小的、有特色的圣诞市场。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Chatsworth’s Christmas market部分中“It has more than 100 stalls where shoppers can browse locally made vegan fragrances, festive decorations, Indian-print pajamas and handmade Wirksworth pottery.(它有100多个摊位，购物者可以在这里浏览当地制作的纯素香水、节日装饰品、印度印花睡衣和手工制作的Wirksworth陶器)”和Logie Steading mini market部分中“Stalls feature Scottish small businesses, with more than 50 vendors selling jewellery, leather goods, homeware made from recycled whisky bottles and homemade goodies.(摊位以苏格兰小企业为特色，有50多家供应商出售珠宝、皮革制品、用回收的威士忌瓶制成的家居用品和自制食品)”可知，这两个市场的共同点是它们都出售当地的手工艺品。故选B项。
题型04 数字计算题
数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。
(2025届浙江省绍兴市诸暨市高三上学期一模考试英语试题)
Best Washington, D．C．Museums
Washington, D. C. has wonderful museums that appeal to virtually any visitor’s interest. From large publicly funded institutions to small historic homes, get ready to learn a great deal and find some welcome surprises and bonus.
Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
There is something for everyone at this world-famous museum. It houses so many artifacts(手工艺品)that you can’t possibly see them all in one visit. The dinosaur exhibits are fascinating and great for kids. Then there’s amazing scenery in the IMAX films.
Visiting Tip: If you are visiting with kids, be sure to have a shot at hands-on activities.
.............
International Spy Museum
Kids love looking at spy devices and cameras at International Spy Museum, not to mention the interactive spy missions you can try out here.
Visiting Tip: Tickets for the museum start at $22.95 for adults, $16.95 for seniors, and $14.95 for children ages 7 to 11, and children under 6 are free.
23. How much should a couple with their pre-school kid pay for the Spy Museum tickets
A. $33.90 B. $37.90 C. $45.90 D. $48.85
【答案】 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了华盛顿特区最著名的博物馆。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Visiting Tip: Tickets for the museum start at $22.95 for adults, $16.95 for seniors, and $14.95 for children ages 7 to 11, and children under 6 are free.( 参观提示：博物馆门票成人22.95美元起，老年人16.95美元起，7 - 11岁儿童14.95美元起，6岁以下儿童免费)”可知，一对夫妇和他们学龄前的孩子参观间谍博物馆应买两张成人票，学龄前儿童不足6岁，免费，故应付$22.95*2=$45.90，故选C。
题型05 排列顺序题
排序题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生、发展的正确顺序。如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。近几年高考英语题中，这类试题出现较少，但也需要引起学生注意。
(2023上·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中)
With the availability of easy-to-use at-home kits, DNA testing for dogs has become increasingly popular among dog owners in recent years. It can provide invaluable insights into a dog’s breed, health risks, and even behaviors.
DNA testing typically works by analyzing the genetic material found in a sample of cells taken from the inside of your dog’s cheek. This sample is then compared to a database of known breeds and genetic markers associated with certain traits or health conditions.
The first step in obtaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type you want. Most companies offer several different types of tests that vary in cost and complexity. For instance, some tests just analyze your dog’s breed composition, while others can assess additional genetic markers associated with certain diseases or behaviors.
Then it’s time to collect your dog’s sample using the provided swab (拭子) kit or saliva-collection tube included with most kits. The swab should be gently rubbed inside your pet’s cheek according to the kit’s directions before being placed into the collection container provided by the company. After collecting the sample, it should be mailed back to the laboratory for processing according to instructions given by the company providing the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks for results to be processed and sent back via email or mail. Results will vary depending on which type of test was purchased, but they generally include detailed information about your pet’s breed composition as well as any potential health risks or behavioral traits associated with their genetics that could affect their overall well-being and quality of life.
If you’re looking for an easy way to learn more about your pup’s background without spending too much money, then DNA testing might just be right up your alley.
10. What is the correct order of having an DNA test
①get the sample processed ②rub the swab gently ③receive the result
④select the type of test ⑤place the swab into the container ⑥mail the sample back to the lab
A. ④-②-⑤-⑥-①-③ B. ④ ⑤-①-②-⑥-③
C. ②-⑤-④-①-⑥-③ D. ②-④-⑤-⑥-①-③
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题中的排列顺序题。根据第三段“The first step in obtaining a DNA test kit is selecting which type you want. (获得DNA检测试剂盒的第一步是选择你想要的类型。)”和第四段“Then it’s time to collect your dog’s sample using the provided swab (拭子) kit or saliva-collection tube included with most kits. The swab should be gently rubbed inside your pet’s cheek according to the kit’s directions before being placed into the collection container provided by the company. After collecting the sample, it should be mailed back to the laboratory for processing according to instructions given by the company providing the service. Once received by the lab, it typically takes 1-2 weeks for results to be processed and sent back via email or mail. Results will vary depending on which type of test was purchased, but they generally include detailed information about your pet’s breed composition as well as any potential health risks or behavioral traits associated with their genetics that could affect their overall well-being and quality of life.(然后是时候使用大多数试剂盒中提供的拭子试剂盒或唾液采集管采集你的狗的样本了。在将拭子放入公司提供的收集容器之前，应根据试剂盒的指示在宠物的脸颊内轻轻擦拭。采集样本后，应根据提供服务的公司的指示将样本邮寄回实验室进行处理。一旦实验室收到结果，通常需要1-2周的时间来处理并通过电子邮件或邮件发回。根据购买的测试类型，结果会有所不同，但通常包括有关宠物品种组成的详细信息，以及任何潜在的健康风险或与其基因相关的行为特征，这些信息可能会影响宠物的整体健康和生活质量。)”可知，做DNA检测的顺序应该是：④选择测试类型，②轻轻擦拭拭子，⑤将拭子放入容器，⑥将样本邮寄回实验室，①处理样本，③接收结果。故选A。
题型06 图表图画题
在有图表图画的阅读理解中，有的图表图画出现在阅读理解文章中，有的出现在选项中，这些图片的出现增加了试题的直观性，同时也暗含着和文章内容相关的信息。学生应该把握准图表图画中的一些细微处，找准和题干相关的信息，不得疏忽。
(重庆市南开中学高2024-2025学年高一上学期期中考试英语试题)
Welcome to Teenagers Abroad! We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language learning.Our Courses
Regardless of your choice, you’ll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively. Our Standard Course guarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language, with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas — speaking, listening, reading and writing.
Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning (see table below).
Course Type Days Number of Lessons Course Timetable
Standard Course Mon-Fri 20 lessons 9:00-12:30
Intensive Course Mon-Fri 20 lessons 9:00-12:30
10 lessons 13:00-14:30
Evaluation
Students are placed into classes according to their current language skills. The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme. However, if this is not available, students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course. Learning materials are provided for students throughout their course, and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.
..............
5．What do we know about the Intensive Course and Standard Course
A．Both courses develop your confidence.
B．The Intensive Course includes extra lessons.
C．An online language test is a must for students.
D．The Standard Course is less effective than the Intensive Course.
【答案】5．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了“Teenagers Abroad”这一语言学习项目的相关内容，包括其提供的标准课程和强化课程、学生评估方式、餐饮安排以及对食物过敏或特殊饮食需求的学生的处理办法等。
5．细节理解题。根据Our Courses 部分中“Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course, with 10 additional lessons per week, guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning (see table below).( 我们的强化课程建立在标准课程的基础上，每周增加10节课，保证最快的语言学习（见下表）。)”可知，强化课程是在标准课程的基础上，每周增加10节额外的课程即强化课程包括额外的课程。故选B。
题型01 直接信息题
(2024年新课标高考英语I卷A篇节选)
“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
............
【答案】24. A
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用
于动物，并取得了初步成效。
24. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。
题型02 直接理解题
(2024年新课标高考英语甲卷D篇节选)
“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
............
12. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie
A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report.
C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list.
【答案】12. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章首先通过作者与教授关于小说结局的讨论引发了对结局的思考，接着阐述了不同类型的文学作品结局的特点，最后提出了写作好的结局的重要性并介绍了《Writer’s Digest》杂志如何帮助作家写出更好的结尾。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段““I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.( “我不喜欢这个结局，”我对我最喜欢的大学教授说。那是我大三的时候，我正在做一项关于维多利亚文学的独立研究。我刚刚读完乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，读到结尾我很伤心。格雷西教授耐心地让我考虑一下，不要只看我喜不喜欢)”可知，作者去找格雷西教授是为了讨论小说。故选A项。
题型03 间接信息题
(2024年新课标高考英语II卷C篇节选)
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”
It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
........
5. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk
A. By popularity. B. By length.
C. By theme. D. By language.
【答案】 5. B
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.(你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事)”可知，信息亭中的故事按长度分类，乘客可以根据自己的需求选择不同长度的故事。故选B项。
题型04 数字计算题
(2024年新课标高考英语I卷A篇)
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
GROUPS
Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.
Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.
We'll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.
Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.
No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.
UPCOMING EVENTS
Time Meeting Location
Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00 am — 1:00 pm Battery Alexander Trailhead
Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00 am — 2:30 pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot
Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30 am — 2:30 pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead
22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team
A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18.
【答案】22. B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加保护当地生态系统的栖息地恢复小组的时间地点等相关细节。
22. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. (欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者)”可知，参加栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁。故选B项。
A
（24-25高三上·湖北省直辖县级单位·阶段练习）SIBF is one of the largest and most anticipated book fairs in the world. It is held annually in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, and attracts a wide range of sellers from around the globe, selling books in all languages and kinds. Time and Location
The Sharjah International Book Fair this year will be held from Wednesday, November 20 to Sunday, December 15, at the Expo Centre Sharjah. Tips for Visitors
●Be prepared to bargain with the sellers, especially if you are buying multiple ones.
●Bring a reusable water bottle and snacks, as food and drinks can be quite expensive at the fair.
●Make a list of the books you want to buy ahead of time, so you will spend less time on selection.
●Take advantage of the free events and activities, such as author talks, workshops, and cultural performances. Other Useful Information for Visitors
●The fair is open to the public and admission is free.
●The fair is open from 10 am to 10 pm daily.
●The fair is wheel chair accessible.
●There is a children’s play area located on-site. Transportation
The Expo Centre Sharjah is located on Airport Road, approximately 15 minutes from Sharjah International Airport. There are a number of ways to get to the fairgrounds, including rail, taxi, bus and car, among which rail is the fastest and most popular.
1．What can visitors do at the fair
A．Taste free snacks. B．Buy discounted books.
C．Sponsor workshops. D．Sell their used books.
2．Which of the following is a feature of the fair
A．It is disability-friendly. B．It is open 24 hours.
C．It provides childcare service. D．It charges very little for entry.
3．What is the purpose of the text
A．To introduce a city. B．To attract authors.
C．To advertise books. D．To promote a fair.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要提供了沙迦国际书展（SIBF）的时间、地点、参观者提示、其他有用信息以及交通方式等详细信息，旨在帮助读者更好地了解和规划参加书展的行程。
1．细节理解题。根据文章Tips for Visitors部分中的“Be prepared to bargain with the sellers, especially if you are buying multiple ones.(准备好与卖家讨价还价，尤其是如果你要买很多书的话)”可知，文章中提到参观者可以与卖家讨价还价。由此可知，参观者可以在书展上买到打折的书。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章Other Useful Information for Visitors部分中的“The fair is wheel chair accessible.(书展设有轮椅通道)”可知，文章中提到书展设有轮椅通道，这意味着它是无障碍的。由此可知，博览会的一个特点是对残疾人友好。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“SIBF is one of the largest and most anticipated book fairs in the world. It is held annually in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, and attracts a wide range of sellers from around the globe, selling books in all languages and kinds. (SIBF（沙迦国际书展）是世界上规模最大、最令人期待的书展之一。它每年在阿拉伯联合酋长国的沙迦举行，吸引了来自世界各地的各种语言、各种类型的书籍卖家)”以及全文内容可知，文章介绍了书展的时间、地点、参观者提示、其他有用信息以及交通方式等。由此推知，本文主要目的是推广沙迦国际书展。故选D。
B
（24-25高三上·江苏扬州·期中）Flowers, ocean waves, animals, totem (图腾): Sitting in his northeast Beijing studio, Cai Honghao hammers on a piece of cow leather, bringing to life a new design. Cai, 41, is one of China’s few leather crafters.
He began crafting leather six years ago when he was the creative director of an advertising company. Fed up with the stress of his job, Cai declined to renew his contract last year. He is now devoted to leather crafting. “It’s great fun as I try new designs and make it more challenging.”
Each work undergoes many stages, from drawing pictures on paper to coloring the crafted leather. He does it all himself, but sometimes his wife helps. The back of the leather should be pasted on paper to prevent changing the shape, and then covered with tape to seal it during coloring. Cai also sprays water on the surface to make the leather easier to work. His 70-square-meter studio is filled with leather and tools. Pens are used to carve the outline of the pattern, while different machines create the shallow holes on the leather. The patterns become vivid under Cai’s hammers and shaping tools. For a bag or belt, he also sews pieces of leather together, and a work can take a week to several months, with the prices up to tens of thousands of yuan.
“It is an extremely complicated and time-consuming process,” he says. His shoulders can ache after bending over his worktop day and night. “But I enjoy it, and my family are keen on my art. Otherwise, they would not let me do this fulltime.” Cai hopes to realize the beauty of ancient Chinese paintings that are full of Chinese flavor. “Now my dream is realized,” he says. His next project is an exhibition of his work.
4．Why did Cai Honghao leave his job last year
A．He was forced by his contract. B．He was fond of advertising.
C．He was tired of the pressure. D．He was blamed by the director.
5．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us
A．The effectiveness of Cai’s skills. B．The efficiency of Cai’s machines.
C．The complexity of leather crafting. D．The diversity of rare leather works.
6．What can best describe his commitment to the shoulder-aching job
A．Do not put off until tomorrow what you love to do at this moment.
B．Do what you love, and you’ll never have to work a day in your life.
C．Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
D．If you don’t like something, change it. If you can’t, change your attitude.
7．What is his family members’ attitude
A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Indifferent. D．Unclear.
【答案】4．C 5．C 6．B 7．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要围绕蔡洪浩展开，详细介绍了他的身份、职业转变经历以及他从事皮革手工艺制作的具体过程、对这份工作的感受和期望等内容。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“Fed up with the stress of his job, Cai declined to renew his contract last year. (由于厌倦了工作的压力，蔡洪浩去年拒绝续签合同”可知，他辞去工作的原因是因为厌倦了压力。故选C项。
5．主旨大意题。根据第三段首句“Each work undergoes many stages, from drawing pictures on paper to coloring the crafted leather.(每件作品都要经历多个阶段，从在纸上绘图到给制作好的皮革上色)”及全段内容可知，这段主要介绍了皮革工艺的复杂性。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“His shoulders can ache after bending over his worktop day and night. ‘But I enjoy it, and my family are keen on my art. Otherwise, they would not let me do this fulltime.’ (他日日夜夜俯身于工作台后，肩膀会酸痛。“但我很享受这个过程，而且我的家人也很喜欢我的艺术作品。否则，他们是不会让我全职做这个的。”)”可知，他因为热爱皮革制作，即便过程辛苦也甘之如饴。与B选项“做你热爱的事，这辈子你就感觉不到是在工作”表达一致。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“‘But I enjoy it, and my family are keen on my art. Otherwise, they would not let me do this fulltime.’ (但我很享受这个过程，而且我的家人也很喜欢我的艺术作品。否则，他们是不会让我全职做这个的。) ”可知，他的家人支持他从事皮革工艺。故选A项。
C
（24-25高三上·安徽·期中）Google is considering charging for artificial intelligence (AI)-powered search in what would be the biggest change of its business model since it was founded. The large search company, which is owned by Alphabet, has never before put any of its key products behind a paywall. However, bosses are considering charging for new advanced search features powered by AI.
The company is dealing with how to make use of the AI technology without threatening its advertising-funded business model. There are fears that the invention of AI chatbots (聊天机器人) will weaken search engines such as Google by allowing people to ask for the information they require rather than searching for it. This would rob (掠夺) Google of the valuable data it collects from users.
Its leaders are now reportedly weighing up whether to put AI-powered search features behind a paywall in a way that would allow it to take advantage of the new technology without competing with its core search engine. Alphabet is looking at putting AI-powered search into its advanced subscription services.
Engineers are reportedly developing the functionality needed for the changes but the leaders have not made a decision on whether or when to begin the plan. Under the plans being considered, Google’s search engine would remain free. A spokesman of Alphabet said: “We’re not working on or considering an ad-free search experience. We’ll go on building new capabilities and services to enhance our subscription offerings across Google.” The spokesman added: “For years, we’ve been reinventing Search to help people access information in the way that’s most natural to them. With our generative AI experiments in Search, we’ve already served billions of queries (询问). We will keep rapidly improving the product to serve new user needs.”
Last year, Google’s income from search and advertising made up more than half of its total sales. The company was caught flat-footed by the huge success of ChatGPT, which has been backed by its competitor Microsoft. Google launched its own AI chatbot, Gemini, in response but the technology received a lot of complaints for placing stress on diversity and harmless answers instead of accuracy. Later Google stopped the tool’s ability to draw pictures and apologized.
8．What is Alphabet’s main concern regarding AI chatbots
A．AI chatbots will give away users’ secrets.
B．Google will lose the chance to get users’ data.
C．Other search engines will replace Google.
D．The cost of its core product will increase.
9．What will Alphabet continue doing
A．Making its main product accessible to everyone.
B．Sharing AI technology with other technology companies.
C．Adding AI-powered search into its subscription services.
D．Improving its services to expand its subscription offerings.
10．What is people’s attitude towards Google’s Gemini
A．Mixed. B．Favorable. C．Critical. D．Unclear.
11．What is mainly talked about in the text
A．The competition among technology companies.
B．Google’s new search engine.
C．The importance of AI technology.
D．A change in Google’s business model.
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．C 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了谷歌考虑对其AI搜索功能收费以适应AI发展的商业策略变化。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“There are fears that the invention of AI chatbots (聊天机器人) will weaken search engines such as Google by allowing people to ask for the information they require rather than searching for it. This would rob (掠夺) Google of the valuable data it collects from users. (有人担心，人工智能聊天机器人的发明将削弱Google等搜索引擎，因为它允许人们询问他们需要的信息，而不是搜索。这将剥夺谷歌从用户那里收集到的有价值的数据)”可知，AI聊天机器人会掠夺谷歌从用户那里收集到的宝贵数据，即谷歌将失去获取用户数据的机会。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Alphabet is looking at putting AI-powered search into its advanced subscription services. (Alphabet正考虑将人工智能搜索纳入其高级订阅服务)”以及第四段“We’ll go on building new capabilities and services to enhance our subscription offerings across Google. (我们将继续构建新的功能和服务，以增强我们在谷歌上的订阅产品)”可知，Alphabet将继续改善其服务以扩大其订阅服务。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Google launched its own AI chatbot, Gemini, in response but the technology received a lot of complaints for placing stress on diversity and harmless answers instead of accuracy. (谷歌推出了自己的AI聊天机器人Gemini，但这项技术因注重多样性和无害答案而不是准确性而受到了很多投诉)”可知，人们对谷歌的Gemini持批评态度。故选C。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Google is considering charging for artificial intelligence (AI)-powered search in what would be the biggest change of its business model since it was founded. (谷歌正在考虑对人工智能（AI）搜索收费，这将是该公司成立以来对其商业模式的最大改变)”并结合文章主要介绍了谷歌考虑对人工智能驱动的搜索收费，以及这一变化可能对其商业模式的影响，故本文主要是关于谷歌商业模式的改变，D选项“谷歌商业模式的改变”符合题意。故选D。
D
（24-25高三上·重庆·阶段练习）The abdominal cerebrum theory (肠脑理论) is a concept that suggests the gut (肠) has a complex network of neurons capable of independent action and decision-making, which is called the “second brain”. This theory stresses the importance of the enteric (肠道的) nervous system (ENS), which is responsible for controlling digestion, but recent research suggests it may play a larger role in overall health and well-being.
The ENS consists of over 100 million neurons. These neurons communicate with each other and with the central nervous system (CNS), allowing for both local reflexes and coordination with the CNS.
One of the most convincing aspects of the abdominal cerebrum theory is the ENS’s ability to function autonomously. While it receives input from the CNS, it can operate independently, regulating processes such as blood flow and gut movement. This nature demonstrates its resemblance to a “second brain”.
The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication network linking the ENS and the CNS. This interaction goes beyond mere signaling; it involves neurotransmitters like serotonin(90% of which is produced in the gut) and dopamine. These chemicals influence mood, anxiety, and even cognition, suggesting that gut health directly impacts mental health.
Emerging research indicates that conditions like tiredness, and even depression and anxiety are linked to an imbalance in the gut microbiota (肠道菌群). The ENS also plays a crucial role in diseases such as obesity and diabetes.
Despite its appeal, the abdominal cerebrum theory faces several criticisms. Some argue that while the theory acknowledges the ENS is complex, labeling it as a “second brain” may oversimplify or mislead. Others point out that more research is needed to fully understand its precise role in various health conditions.
Moreover, translating basic research into clinical applications remains challenging. The interplay between genetics, lifestyle factors, and environmental influences complicates efforts to develop targeted therapies based on the theory.
12．Why is the gut often called the “second brain”
A．Because it contains millions of neurons. B．Because it can function independently.
C．Because it controls all body functions. D．Because it impacts overall well-being.
13．Which of the following is among the functions of the ENS
A．Controlling the operation of the CNS. B．Disturbing the performance of the CNS.
C．Regulating digestion and gut movement. D．Coordinating blood flow and muscle movement.
14．According to paragraph 4, what can be learnt about neurotransmitters
A．They are mostly produced in the brain. B．They impact both mood and cognition.
C．They are not important for gut health. D．They only affect our physical health.
15．Why is the theory criticized
A．Because it has no prospects of clinic applications. B．Because it denies the complexity of the ENS.
C．Because it may cause misunderstanding. D．Because it hasn’t been studied so far.
【答案】12．B 13．C 14．B 15．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是“肠脑理论”以及肠被称为“第二大脑”的原因。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The abdominal cerebrum theory (肠脑理论) is a concept that suggests the gut (肠) has a complex network of neurons capable of independent action and decision-making, which is called the “second brain”.(肠脑理论是一个概念，认为肠道有一个复杂的神经元网络，能够独立行动和决策，被称为“第二大脑”)”和第三段中“One of the most convincing aspects of the abdominal cerebrum theory is the ENS’s ability to function autonomously.(肠脑理论最引人注目的方面之一是肠神经系统能够自主地发挥作用)”可知，肠之所以被称为“第二大脑”, 是因为它能够独立运作。故选 B。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“This theory stresses the importance of the enteric (肠道的) nervous system (ENS), which is responsible for controlling digestion, but recent research suggests it may play a larger role in overall health and well-being.(这一理论强调了肠道神经系统（ENS）的重要性，它负责控制消化，但最近的研究表明，它可能在整体健康和福祉中发挥更大的作用)”以及第三段“While it receives input from the CNS, it can operate independently, regulating processes such as blood flow and gut movement. This nature demonstrates its resemblance to a “second brain”.(当它接受来自中枢神经系统的输入时，它可以独立运作，调节血液流动和肠道运动等过程。这种特性表明了它与“第二大脑”的相似之处)”可知，肠神经系统的功能是调节消化、血液循环和肠道蠕动。故选 C。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“These chemicals influence mood, anxiety, and even cognition, suggesting that gut health directly impacts mental health.(这些化学物质会影响情绪、焦虑，甚至认知，这表明肠道健康直接影响心理健康)”可知，神经递质会影响情绪和认知。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Some argue that while the theory acknowledges the ENS is complex, labeling it as a “second brain” may oversimplify or mislead.(一些人认为，虽然该理论承认ENS是复杂的，但将其称为“第二大脑”可能过于简化或误导)”可知，该理论受到批评的主要原因是因为这可能会引起误解。故选 C。
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