专题14 完形填空说明文
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 2
题型01 利用语义复现解题 2
题型02 利用作者态度或感彩关联解题 3
题型03 利用逻辑关系解题 4
题型04 利用语境暗示分析法解题 5
高考练场 6
题型简介
说明文是高考英语完形填空中的一种并不常考文体，其主要功能是介绍、解释或说明事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理等。与记叙文相比，说明文的语言更加简练、平实、准确，通常采用客观描述。文章主题明确，层次分明，作者通常在文章开头就点明说明对象。
命题类型
词汇选择题：主要考查名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词在具体语境中的运用。
逻辑关系题：考查考生对文章逻辑关系的理解，需要根据上下文的逻辑关系进行选择。
语境理解题：要求考生在理解上下文的基础上，选择最合适的词汇。
解题思路
抓住首句，明确说明对象：首句通常不设空，提供了文章的主题或说明对象，帮助考生快速把握文章的大意。
理清段落关系：通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面进行说明的，概括每一段的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系。
弄清说明顺序，把握文章脉络：作者在说明过程中会选择合理的说明顺序（如时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等），把握这些顺序有助于理解文章的整体结构。
关注语境和逻辑：在选择答案时，要结合上下文的语境和逻辑关系，确保所选词汇使文章意思通顺、逻辑合理。
先易后难，逐步推进：先解决那些容易判断的空格，再逐步处理较难的题目，避免在难题上耗费过多时间。
技巧一：利用语义复现解题
【题型诠释】
复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。它包括：1.原词复现；2.同义复现；3.反义复现；4.代词复现等。
[示例] While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better：I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语)．
41．A.searching B．planning C．natural D．formal
[示例] Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49 . This is true at home as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant. Good 50 make meals more enjoyable for everyone at the table.
50.A. dishes B. manners C. atmospheres D. friends
技巧二：利用作者态度或感彩关联解题
【题型诠释】
在完形填空中,我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
[示例] When men are held up together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very 50 .
50．A．pleasing B．annoying C．common D．valuable
[示例]... got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 28 me.
28. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused
技巧三：利用逻辑关系解题
【题型诠释】
在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。
[示例] Are your table manners much better when you are eating at a friend’s home or in a restaurant than they are at your own home Probably so, 45 you are aware that people judge you by your table manners.
45. A. because B. but C. unless D. though
[示例] As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total. 55 the faults already found out in the education system as a whole — such as child-centered learning, the “discovery” method, and the low expectations by teachers of pupils — there have been several serious 56 which have a direct effect on language teaching.
55. A. Due to B. In addition to C. Instead of D. In spite of
技巧四：利用语境暗示分析法解题
【题型诠释】
在句组层次题中,有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题,即根据已知信息,推导出正确答案。完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和词的辨析、句子结构的考查等，但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。
[示例] He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which discussed the idea of how body chemistry and health can be damaged by emotional stress and negative __47__. The book made Cousins think about the possible __48__ of positive attitudes and emotions.
47. A. attitudes B. beliefs C. goals D. positions
48. A. shortcoming B. harm C. benefit D. interest
[示例] When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information.
55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh
（2022全国乙卷）
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about 41 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same 50 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 51 children said that they couldn’t 52 to her.
A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what was asked of them. Their 56 to the questions reflected their true 57 that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 58 mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 60 when others use it.
41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions
54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly
56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
(2018年上海高考)
When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates. 1 , they stick to G-rated activities such as rock- climbing or talking about books.
They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into 2 . The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous (急剧的) 3 in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.
To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the 4 have slimmed considerably. Teens have also reported a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades, as the portion of high school students who have had sex fell from 54 percent in 1991 to 41 percent in 2015, according to Centers for Disease Control statistics. u People say, 'Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring, ' but they're 5 the larger trend," said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less 6 in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today's society, they no longer need to.
According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's "life strategy" slows down or speeds up depending on his or her 7 , exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the 8 effect, the study said. In the first 9 , "You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more 10 and fewer resources, " said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of "iGen： Why Today's Super- Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy-and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood."
In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more 11 about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for “ establishing mate value based on procurement of resources," the study said. But America is shifting more toward the 12 model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. uEven in families whose parents didn't have a college education. . . families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully 13 has really sunk in. ‘‘ The 14 of 41 adult activities'' could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurriculars as they did in the 1990 s (with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the 15 , the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said.
1．A．Therefore B．Rather C．Moreover D．Besides
2．A．childhood B．neighborhood C．adolescents D．adulthood
3．A．escapes B．ends C．decreases D．changes
4．A．minorities B．majorities C．masses D．amounts
5．A．taking B．avoiding C．sending D．missing
6．A．interested B．envied C．relieved D．realized
7．A．emotions B．surroundings C．customs D．habits
8．A．wrong B．same C．opposite D．similar
9．A．event B．issue C．case D．occasion
10．A．trouble B．questions C．benefits D．diseases
11．A．respectively B．delicately C．seriously D．considerably
12．A．slower B．better C．smaller D．faster
13．A．emphasized B．related C．organized D．educated
14．A．implement B．postponement C．achievement D．payment
15．A．cause B．impact C．fact D．result
A
（24-25高三上·山东·阶段练习）China’s space exploration has once again achieved a great success. The launch of the Shenzhou-19 spacecraft was a memorable moment for all Chinese, marking the beginning of a new 1 in China’s space journey.
The Long March-2F rocket was the perfect 2 for this important mission with its impressive appearance and stable technology, and the astronauts underwent 3 training.
At zero seconds, with everyone’s hearts 4 , the rocket soared into the sky, leaving a trail of fire and smoke. Back on Earth, people watched the launch on TV and 5 the astronauts’ progress through live broadcast. The successful launch and operation of the spacecraft 6 China’s ability to compete with the world’s leading space agencies.
During the mission, the astronauts will have 7 tasks to accomplish. They will 8 scientific experiments and prepare for future missions. They will also take time to enjoy the beautiful 9 of Earth from space. The Shenzhou-19 spacecraft is supposed to 10 its mission after six months in space. The success of the mission will inspire many young people to pursue their dreams of becoming astronauts.
Since 2003, with each new mission, China has shown its ability to 11 and push the boundaries of human knowledge. And with its strong scientific and technological 12 , China is sure to make greater achievements in the future.
The Shenzhou-19 mission is a constant 13 of China’s growing influence in space exploration. It marks a new era in China’s space exploration and 14 the world’s attention to the country’s development. As China continues to progress, we can only imagine what the future holds for this 15 nation.
1．A．framework B．chapter C．mode D．platform
2．A．option B．combination C．location D．definition
3．A．dramatic B．appealing C．flexible D．demanding
4．A．beating B．sinking C．racing D．melting
5．A．followed B．documented C．monitored D．noticed
6．A．facilitated B．identified C．clarified D．demonstrated
7．A．multiple B．urgent C．physical D．risky
8．A．draw on B．carry out C．bring up D．deal with
9．A．images B．fields C．sights D．figures
10．A．summarize B．occupy C．interrupt D．complete
11．A．wonder B．innovate C．sustain D．apply
12．A．expansion B．background C．introduction D．competence
13．A．reminder B．warning C．operation D．factor
14．A．refer B．limits C．absorbs D．connects
15．A．humble B．powerful C．reliable D．generous
B
（24-25高三上·河南濮阳·阶段练习）Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, the choice of an 16 should be made even before the choice of the curriculum (课程) in high school. 17 , many people just have a few ideas bouncing around in their minds and most people make several job choices during their working lives, 18 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their positions. Actually, the “perfect job” does not exist. Young people should enter into a broad flexible training program that will prepare them for a field of work rather than just for a single 19 .
Unfortunately, many young people have to make career plans 20 getting proper help from a competent occupational counselor (置业顾问) or psychologist. Knowing 21 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 22 . Some drift from job to job. Others 23 to a piece of work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its 24 prestige (声望). Too many high school students—or their parents-choose a professional field, 25 both the relatively small percentage of workers in the profession and the extremely high educational and personal 26 . The imaginary prestige of a profession is 27 good reason for choosing it as a lifetime’s work. What’s worse, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large percentage of jobs are mechanical and manual work, the 28 of young people should give serious 29 to these fields.
Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he/ she wants out of life and how hard he/she is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take 30 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards. So, you must be careful or do some career aptitude tests before making the final choice to get a head start.
16．A．identification B．accommodation C．entertainment D．occupation
17．A．Otherwise B．However C．Thus D．Therefore
18．A．thoroughly B．mainly C．usually D．partly
19．A．means B．job C．tale D．certificate
20．A．without B．via C．with D．through
21．A．little B．more C．much D．less
22．A．chance B．purpose C．basis D．mixture
23．A．apply B．appeal C．accuse D．stick
24．A．imaginary B．inspirational C．generous D．greedy
25．A．concerning B．following C．ignoring D．considering
26．A．priorities B．requirements C．tendencies D．ambitions
27．A．one B．any C．the D．no
28．A．majority B．chorus C．minority D．number
29．A．proposal B．profile C．approval D．consideration
30．A．turns B．parts C．risks D．choices
C
（24-25高三上·黑龙江大庆·期中）During the Nov. 11 shopping event, many people tend to buy more than they need because of sales and promotion or just a plain urge. But what normally 31 the shopping madness is not 32 but regret. That’s because many people just buy things to fill the emptiness in their hearts, but accumulating things actually 33 the burden in their minds.
The concept of Danshari may provide a(n) 34 to the problem. Danshari is based on three Chinese characters, duan she li, 35 refusal, disposal and separation. It promotes the idea of removing 36 things and separating oneself from the drive to own 37 possessions. There are two basic rules that 38 whether you should keep something — the relationship between you and the item under 39 as well as the timing. So before you 40 your payment password for something, ask yourself two questions: Do I need it now Does it suit me
Danshari encourages you not only to 41 things, but to give up the unreasonable desire associated with owning them. Nowadays, people need to learn to 42 their daily lives. Buy only the necessities and suitable items, regularly 43 things you don’t need any more, and then you’ll get freedom in your heart.
However, it doesn’t mean that you should kill your desire and live a less interesting life. Instead, you should 44 yourself rather than material goods. Through 45 what to buy and what to throw away, you can see a deeper reflection of yourself, therefore learning to make wise decisions about more important things.
31．A．prevents B．promotes C．starts D．follows
32．A．satisfaction B．wealth C．relief D．expectation
33．A．measures B．covers C．relieves D．indicates
34．A．limit B．alternative C．solution D．introduction
35．A．abolishing B．meaning C．violating D．predicting
36．A．unnecessary B．temporary C．used D．updated
37．A．private B．valuable C．material D．popular
38．A．prove B．permit C．decide D．affect
39．A．guarantee B．control C．discussion D．consideration
40．A．change B．enter C．provide D．create
41．A．get over B．get along with C．get rid of D．get through
42．A．fix B．risk C．enrich D．simplify
43．A．discover B．recycle C．cherish D．abandon
44．A．reflect on B．focus on C．give up D．cheer up
45．A．choosing B．avoiding C．comparing D．mentioning
D
（24-25高三上·河北邯郸·阶段练习）Every morning at 4:30 a.m., Yang He, a 64-year-old photographer, wakes up in the 46 hours and drives to the banks of the Yangtze River in Yichang, Hubei province. Upon arrival, he patiently waits there for finless porpoises (江豚) to come out from the water, hoping to 47 their beauty.
As a devoted 48 of finless porpoises, Yang has taken more than 100,000 vivid photos of the 49 species in the past six years. “I know this group of finless porpoises very 50 . They are just like my children,” he says.
Yangtze finless porpoises are so connected to the Yangtze River that any change in the health of it can support or threaten their 51 . “I first 52 a finless porpoise as a teenager when there were far fewer boats on the River. I would 53 see them pursuing boats as they made their way down the river,” Yang says, adding that as human activity increased, they become rare.
Over the past few decades, however, significant measures have been 54 to change the fate of this species. In 2017, Yang was fortunate enough to spot a finless porpoise after a long 55 . Over the last five years alone, the population of Yangtze finless porpoises has increased to 1,249, marking a 56 of 23.4 percent. Today, groups of these creatures can once again be 57 leaping above the water’s surface.
“I will continue to take more beautiful photos of them as long as I am able to 58 a camera and keep a(n) 59 on them,” Yang says, adding that he will make it his life’s mission to 60 these remarkable creatures.
46．A．office B．small C．big D．rush
47．A．reflect B．inquire C．photograph D．justify
48．A．admirer B．specialist C．keeper D．subscriber
49．A．motivated B．endangered C．occupied D．caged
50．A．further B．slightly C．little D．well
51．A．comprehension B．weight C．survival D．vision
52．A．pictured B．trained C．reserved D．encountered
53．A．frequently B．rarely C．occasionally D．never
54．A．called off B．carried out C．put aside D．got across
55．A．reference B．inquiry C．gap D．inference
56．A．decline B．tendency C．share D．rise
57．A．justified B．expected C．observed D．dominated
58．A．hold B．abandon C．deserve D．polish
59．A．pace B．ear C．secret D．eye
60．A．advocate B．document C．transform D．donate
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题14 完形填空说明文
目录
题型综述 2
解题攻略 2
题型01 利用语义复现解题 2
题型02 利用作者态度或感彩关联解题 3
题型03 利用逻辑关系解题 4
题型04 利用语境暗示分析法解题 5
高考练场 6
题型简介
说明文是高考英语完形填空中的一种并不常考文体，其主要功能是介绍、解释或说明事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理等。与记叙文相比，说明文的语言更加简练、平实、准确，通常采用客观描述。文章主题明确，层次分明，作者通常在文章开头就点明说明对象。
命题类型
词汇选择题：主要考查名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词在具体语境中的运用。
逻辑关系题：考查考生对文章逻辑关系的理解，需要根据上下文的逻辑关系进行选择。
语境理解题：要求考生在理解上下文的基础上，选择最合适的词汇。
解题思路
抓住首句，明确说明对象：首句通常不设空，提供了文章的主题或说明对象，帮助考生快速把握文章的大意。
理清段落关系：通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面进行说明的，概括每一段的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系。
弄清说明顺序，把握文章脉络：作者在说明过程中会选择合理的说明顺序（如时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等），把握这些顺序有助于理解文章的整体结构。
关注语境和逻辑：在选择答案时，要结合上下文的语境和逻辑关系，确保所选词汇使文章意思通顺、逻辑合理。
先易后难，逐步推进：先解决那些容易判断的空格，再逐步处理较难的题目，避免在难题上耗费过多时间。
技巧一：利用语义复现解题
【题型诠释】
复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。它包括：1.原词复现；2.同义复现；3.反义复现；4.代词复现等。
[示例] While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better：I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语)．
41．A.searching B．planning C．natural D．formal
[解析] A 本题可利用语义复现解题。由上文中的explore new aspects of life可知，所填词与explore(探索)在词义上相近，故选searching(寻找)。planning计划；natural自然的；formal正式的。
[示例] Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49 . This is true at home as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant. Good 50 make meals more enjoyable for everyone at the table.
50.A. dishes B. manners C. atmospheres D. friends
【解析】B 我们可以很容易地找到设空部分的解题线索——上文的复现词汇 manners。故答案为 B。
技巧二：利用作者态度或感彩关联解题
【题型诠释】
在完形填空中,我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
[示例] When men are held up together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very 50 .
50．A．pleasing B．annoying C．common D．valuable
【解析】B 结合上下文，意思是在狭小的空间里呆的时间过长，平时习惯的小动作也变得令人不能容忍了。上文they begin to feel uneasy是提示。A项“令人高兴的”、C项“普通的”、D项“有价值的”意思都不符合语境。只有B项annoying与上文中的uneasy在作者的情感态度上最接近。
[示例]... got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 28 me.
28. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused
[解析] A But是这里的语篇标记语，表示转折关系。由此我们可推测，尽管作者的旅行社经纪人总是能给他买到最低价的机票等，但是她冷冰冰的声音着实让作者不开心，故annoyed 符合此处语境。
技巧三：利用逻辑关系解题
【题型诠释】
在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。
[示例] Are your table manners much better when you are eating at a friend’s home or in a restaurant than they are at your own home Probably so, 45 you are aware that people judge you by your table manners.
45. A. because B. but C. unless D. though
【解析】 A 你之所以在朋友家或餐馆的用餐礼仪比在自家时要好，是因为你知道人们会据此来评判一个人文明程度。不难判断 “you are aware that people judge you by your table manners”是表达前文的理由，用连词because。
[示例] As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I believe I have some idea of why the failure is so total. 55 the faults already found out in the education system as a whole — such as child-centered learning, the “discovery” method, and the low expectations by teachers of pupils — there have been several serious 56 which have a direct effect on language teaching.
55. A. Due to B. In addition to C. Instead of D. In spite of
【解析】B 选项分别解释为“由于”、“除……外”、“代替”、“尽管”。理解上下文语境可知其逻辑关系是列举补充关系，故选B。该段主旨是：语言教学失败除了自身原因外，还有其它诸因素的直接影响。下文破折号后的there have been several…为判断其逻辑关系提供了线索。
技巧四：利用语境暗示分析法解题
【题型诠释】
在句组层次题中,有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题,即根据已知信息,推导出正确答案。完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和词的辨析、句子结构的考查等，但对文章故事情节发展线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。
[示例] He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which discussed the idea of how body chemistry and health can be damaged by emotional stress and negative __47__. The book made Cousins think about the possible __48__ of positive attitudes and emotions.
47. A. attitudes B. beliefs C. goals D. positions
48. A. shortcoming B. harm C. benefit D. interest
【解析】 这两题均考查根据上下文选择正确的名词。上句意为“……书中讨论到紧张的情绪和消极的。。。都会损害人体组织和健康”。紧接着下句，意为“这本书使Cousins考虑到，积极的态度和情感可能带来的.....”。上句中的negative attitude, damaged等词与下句中的positive attitude, benefit形成对照，是解题关键。故47题A选项为正确答案；48题C为正确答案。
[示例] When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information.
55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh
[解析] D fresh ideas 与本句后面的newly discovered information对应。
（2022全国乙卷）
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about 41 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same 50 happened when the adult covered her own mouth: 51 children said that they couldn’t 52 to her.
A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what was asked of them. Their 56 to the questions reflected their true 57 that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 58 mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 60 when others use it.
41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions
54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly
56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
41-45 CBADC 46-50 CBDAB 51-55 BACAD 56-60 ABCDD
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
41. C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别人的目光，让自己无法被别人看到，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。A. following跟随；B. taking取走；C. escaping避开；D. directing指导。根据上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C。
42. B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明的；B. bad不擅长的；C. scared害怕的；D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B。
43. A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed无遮蔽的；B. examined已检查过的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A。
44. D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物的证据。A. supported支持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interpreted解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”可知，此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D。
45. C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. disappointing令人失望的；B. mixed混合的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. desired渴望的。根据下文“research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾，所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C。
46. C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A. explained解释；B. confirmed证实；C. contradicted相矛盾；D. tested测试。根据下文“Our19suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 40 _ when others use it.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C。
47. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent父母亲；B. child儿童；C. researcher研究员；D. doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 4-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，儿童参加实验，此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B。
48. D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet脚；B. nose鼻子；C. hands手；D. ears耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D。
49. A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see看见；B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A。
50. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. event大事；B. thing事情；C. action行动；D. accident事故。根据下文“children said that they couldn’t to her.”可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了，孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选B。
51. B。考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet然而；B. Now此刻；C. Soon很快；D. Once一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B。
52. A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年人捂住她自己的时，同样的事情发生了：此刻孩子们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak说；B. listen听；C. turn转；D. wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own mouth”可知，此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A。
53. C。考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions命令；B. descriptions说明；C. experiments实验；D. assumptions假设。根据语境，此处表示上文中的许多实验排除了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C。
54.考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. comprehended理解；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽略。根据下文“the questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A。
55. D。考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A. partly部分地；B. honestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. exactly确切地。根据下文“what was asked of them. Their16to the questions reflected their true ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D。
56. A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses回答；B. approaches方法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据下文“to the questions”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A。
57. B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. ability能力；B. belief看法；C. identity身份；D. purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B。
58. D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C。
59. D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。A. limitations限制；B. requirements必要条件；C. theories理论；D. findings调查发现。根据上文“We brought young children aged 4-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示实验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我中心主义的结果。故选D。
60. D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative实验性的；B. impressive令人印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效的。根据上文“They simply 18mutual recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D。
(2018年上海高考)
When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates. 1 , they stick to G-rated activities such as rock- climbing or talking about books.
They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into 2 . The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous (急剧的) 3 in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.
To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the 4 have slimmed considerably. Teens have also reported a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades, as the portion of high school students who have had sex fell from 54 percent in 1991 to 41 percent in 2015, according to Centers for Disease Control statistics. u People say, 'Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring, ' but they're 5 the larger trend," said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less 6 in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today's society, they no longer need to.
According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's "life strategy" slows down or speeds up depending on his or her 7 , exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the 8 effect, the study said. In the first 9 , "You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more 10 and fewer resources, " said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of "iGen： Why Today's Super- Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy-and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood."
In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more 11 about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for “ establishing mate value based on procurement of resources," the study said. But America is shifting more toward the 12 model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. uEven in families whose parents didn't have a college education. . . families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully 13 has really sunk in. ‘‘ The 14 of 41 adult activities'' could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurriculars as they did in the 1990 s (with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the 15 , the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said.
1．A．Therefore B．Rather C．Moreover D．Besides
2．A．childhood B．neighborhood C．adolescents D．adulthood
3．A．escapes B．ends C．decreases D．changes
4．A．minorities B．majorities C．masses D．amounts
5．A．taking B．avoiding C．sending D．missing
6．A．interested B．envied C．relieved D．realized
7．A．emotions B．surroundings C．customs D．habits
8．A．wrong B．same C．opposite D．similar
9．A．event B．issue C．case D．occasion
10．A．trouble B．questions C．benefits D．diseases
11．A．respectively B．delicately C．seriously D．considerably
12．A．slower B．better C．smaller D．faster
13．A．emphasized B．related C．organized D．educated
14．A．implement B．postponement C．achievement D．payment
15．A．cause B．impact C．fact D．result
【答案】
1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为什么在美国现在越来越少的青少年推迟那些长期被视为成人仪式的活动，主要的原因还是在于生活模式的不同。
1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们坚持做G级活动，如攀岩或谈论书籍。A. Therefore因此；B. Rather相反；C. Moreover而且；D. Besides另外。此处参加G级活动“攀岩或谈论书籍”与前文“they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates（他们不会喝啤酒，也不会和约会对象开着车到处兜风）”前后转折。故选B项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项新的研究显示，青少年越来越推迟那些长期以来被视为成年仪式的活动。A. childhood童年；B. neighborhood邻居；C. adolescents青少年；D. adulthood成年。根据下文“The ___14___ of “ adult activities”” 可知，此处为“成年仪式的活动”。故选D项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：周二发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的研究发现，自1976年以来，美国青少年中有驾照、试过酒、约会和打工的比例急剧下降，在过去十年中降幅最大。A. escapes逃跑；B. ends结束；C. decreases减少；下降；D. changes变化。根据下文“The declines appeared”可知，此处为“比例下降”。故选C项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：可以肯定的是，超过一半的青少年仍在从事这些活动，但大多数人已大幅减少。A. minorities少数；B. majorities多数；C. masses大量；D. amounts金额。根据空前“To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities（可以肯定的是，超过一半的青少年仍然从事这些活动）”，在结合“but”可知，前后为转折关系，可以推断，此处应指“大多数”已经大幅减少了。故选B项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们说，“哦，这是因为青少年更负责任、更懒惰、更无聊”，但是他们没有看到这个更大的趋势。A. taking采用；B. avoiding避免；C. sending发送；D. missing错过。根据后文指明更大趋势是“because in today's society, they no longer need to（因为在今天的社会，他们不再需要这样做了）”可知，此空前后都是分析原因，故此处为人们“忽略”了更大趋势。故选D项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，她说，孩子们可能对约会、开车或找工作等活动不太感兴趣，因为在当今社会，他们不再需要这样做。A. interested感兴趣的；B. envied羡慕的；C. relieved解除；D. realized实现。根据前文“the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous decreases in the past decade.（自1976年以来，美国青少年中有驾照、试过酒、约会和打工的比例直线下降，在过去十年中降幅最大。）”可以推断，此处应为“青少年可能对约会、开车或找工作等活动不太感兴趣”，且“be interested in”意为“对……感兴趣”，是固定搭配。故选A项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据进化心理学理论研究称，一个人的“生活策略”会根据他或她的环境放慢或加快，暴露在“恶劣和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展，而资源更丰富和安全的环境则会产生相反的效果。A. emotions情绪；B. surroundings周围环境；C. customs风俗；D. habits习惯。根据后文“exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development（暴露在“严酷和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展）”可以推断，此处为“一个人的“生活策略”会根据他或她的环境放慢或加快”。故选B项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据进化心理学理论研究称，一个人的“生活策略”会根据他或她的环境放慢或加快，暴露在“恶劣和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展，而资源更丰富和安全的环境则会产生相反的效果。A. wrong错误的；B. same相同的；C. opposite对面的；D. similar类似的。前文“a "harsh and unpredictable" environment（“严酷和不可预测的”环境）”与“ a more resource-rich and secure environment （资源更丰富和安全的环境）”形成对比，可以推断，此处为“产生相反的效果”。故选C项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在第一种情况下，你会有很多孩子，处于生存模式中。A. event事件；B. issue发行；C. case案例，情况；D. occasion场合。根据后文“fewer resources（更少的资源）”可知，此句是对第一种情况“恶劣和不可预测的环境”的举例，故此处应指“第一种情况”。故选C项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：会有更多的疾病和更少的资源。A. trouble麻烦；B. questions问题；C. benefits好处；D. diseases疾病。此处是对第一种情况“恶劣和不可预测的环境发展”的举例，应与“fewer resources（更少的资源）”并列，突出环境的恶劣和不可预测，可以推断，此处为“更多的疾病”。故选D项。
11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在这种模式下，十几岁的男孩可能会更认真地考虑结婚问题，研究称，开车和打工对于“在获取资源的基础上建立配偶价值”很重要。A. respectively分别；B. delicately精致地；C. seriously认真地；D. considerably相当大。根据前文“exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development（暴露在“严酷和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展）”，且此处为在恶劣和不可预测环境的情况，可以推断，此处应为“更认真地考虑结婚问题”。故选C项。
12．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：特温格说，但美国正在更多地转向较慢的经济模式，而且这种变化在各个社会经济阶层都很明显。A. slower慢一点；B. better更好；C. smaller较小；D. faster更快。上文是发展快的例子，结合空前“But America is shifting more toward”可知，美国人开始转变了，前后转折，与上文“发展快”是相反的情况，可以推断，此处为“美国正在更多地转向较慢的经济模式”。故选A项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：家庭变小了，孩子需要被仔细教育的观念已经深入人心。A. emphasized强调；B. related相关；C. organized组织；D. educated教育。根据前文“Even in families whose parents didn't have a college education（即使是在父母没有接受过大学教育的家庭）”可以推断，此处应表示“即使在父母没有接受过大学教育的家庭里，仍然重视教育”。故选D项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“成人活动”的推迟不能归因于更多的作业或课外活动。A. implement实施；B. postponement延期；C. achievement 成就；D. payment付款。根据前文“teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into adulthood.（青少年越来越推迟那些长期以来被视为成年仪式的活动。）”可以推断，此处为“成人活动的推迟”。故选B项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：报告称，智能手机和互联网的使用也不完全是原因，因为智能手机和互联网的使用在普及之前就已经开始减少了。A. cause原因；B. impact影响；C. fact事实；D. result结果。根据前文“could not be attributed to”可知，此处讲的是“成人活动推迟的原因”。故选A项。
【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第7小题，根据后文“exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development（暴露在“严酷和不可预测的”环境中会导致更快的发展）”可以推断，此处为“一个人的“生活策略”会根据他或她的环境放慢或加快”。故选B项。
A
（24-25高三上·山东·阶段练习）China’s space exploration has once again achieved a great success. The launch of the Shenzhou-19 spacecraft was a memorable moment for all Chinese, marking the beginning of a new 1 in China’s space journey.
The Long March-2F rocket was the perfect 2 for this important mission with its impressive appearance and stable technology, and the astronauts underwent 3 training.
At zero seconds, with everyone’s hearts 4 , the rocket soared into the sky, leaving a trail of fire and smoke. Back on Earth, people watched the launch on TV and 5 the astronauts’ progress through live broadcast. The successful launch and operation of the spacecraft 6 China’s ability to compete with the world’s leading space agencies.
During the mission, the astronauts will have 7 tasks to accomplish. They will 8 scientific experiments and prepare for future missions. They will also take time to enjoy the beautiful 9 of Earth from space. The Shenzhou-19 spacecraft is supposed to 10 its mission after six months in space. The success of the mission will inspire many young people to pursue their dreams of becoming astronauts.
Since 2003, with each new mission, China has shown its ability to 11 and push the boundaries of human knowledge. And with its strong scientific and technological 12 , China is sure to make greater achievements in the future.
The Shenzhou-19 mission is a constant 13 of China’s growing influence in space exploration. It marks a new era in China’s space exploration and 14 the world’s attention to the country’s development. As China continues to progress, we can only imagine what the future holds for this 15 nation.
1．A．framework B．chapter C．mode D．platform
2．A．option B．combination C．location D．definition
3．A．dramatic B．appealing C．flexible D．demanding
4．A．beating B．sinking C．racing D．melting
5．A．followed B．documented C．monitored D．noticed
6．A．facilitated B．identified C．clarified D．demonstrated
7．A．multiple B．urgent C．physical D．risky
8．A．draw on B．carry out C．bring up D．deal with
9．A．images B．fields C．sights D．figures
10．A．summarize B．occupy C．interrupt D．complete
11．A．wonder B．innovate C．sustain D．apply
12．A．expansion B．background C．introduction D．competence
13．A．reminder B．warning C．operation D．factor
14．A．refer B．limits C．absorbs D．connects
15．A．humble B．powerful C．reliable D．generous
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．A 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述中国神舟19号飞船成功发射及其影响，这标志着中国太空旅程新篇章的开始。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：神舟19号飞船的发射对所有中国人来说都是一个难忘的时刻，标志着中国太空旅程新篇章的开始。A. framework框架；B. chapter篇章；C. mode模式；D. platform平台。结合语境以及最后一段中“It marks a new era in China’s space exploration(这标志着中国太空探索进入了一个新时代)”可知，神舟19号飞船的发射标志着中国太空旅程新篇章的开始，故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：长征二号F火箭以其令人印象深刻的外观和稳定的技术成为这项重要任务的完美选择，宇航员们接受了严格的训练。A. option选择；B. combination结合；C. location位置；D. definition定义。结合“with its impressive appearance and stable technology”可知，长征二号F火箭拥有令人印象深刻的外观和稳定的技术，故被这次任务选中作为运载火箭，故选A。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. dramatic戏剧性的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. flexible灵活的；D. demanding要求极严的。空处修饰名词“training”，宇航员们应是接受严格的训练，故选D。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在零秒的时候，随着每个人的心跳加速，火箭飞向天空，留下了一条火和烟的痕迹。A. beating打败；B. sinking沉没；C. racing加速；D. melting融化。根据“the rocket soared into the sky, leaving a trail of fire and smoke”可知，火箭发射时刻，大家应是因紧张、激动等心跳加速，故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到地球后，人们在电视上观看发射，并通过直播跟踪航天员的进展。A. followed跟随，关注，密切注视；B. documented记录；C. monitored监视；D. noticed注意到。根据“the astronauts’ progress”可知，此处指火箭发射后通过跟踪了解航天员们的进展，故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：航天器的成功发射和运行证明了中国与世界领先航天机构竞争的能力。A. facilitated促进；B. identified识别，确认；C. clarified澄清；D. demonstrated证明。结合主语“The successful launch and operation of the spacecraft”和宾语“China’s ability”可知，这次成功证明了中国的能力，故选D。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在执行任务期间，宇航员将有多项任务要完成。A. multiple多种多样的；B. urgent紧急的；C. physical身体的，物质的；D. risky有风险的。根据“They will ___8___ scientific experiments and prepare for future missions.”可知，宇航员将有多项任务要完成，故选A。
8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们将进行科学实验，为未来的任务做准备。A. draw on利用，凭借；B. carry out履行，实施；C. bring up养育；D. deal with处理。根据空后“scientific experiments”可知，此处指做实验，carry out experiments“做实验”，故选B。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们还将花时间从太空欣赏地球的美景。A. images图片；B. fields领域；C. sights风景；D. figures数字，人物。结合“enjoy”以及“of Earth from space”可知，此处指从太空欣赏地球的风景，故选C。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：神舟19号飞船预计将在太空中飞行6个月后完成任务。A. summarize总结；B. occupy占据；C. interrupt打断；D. complete完成。根据“after six months in space”可知，此处指6个月后完成任务，故选D。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自2003年以来，通过每一次新的任务，中国都展示了其创新能力和推动人类知识边界的能力。A. wonder想知道；B. innovate创新，改革；C. sustain维持；D. apply申请，运用。根据“push the boundaries of human knowledge”可知，此处指创新能力，故选B。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：凭借强大的科技实力，中国在未来一定会取得更大的成就。A. expansion扩大；B. background背景；C. introduction介绍；D. competence能力。根据“China is sure to make greater achievements in the future”可知，中国在未来一定会取得更大的成就，推知中国应是具备强大的科技实力，故选D。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：神舟19号任务不断提醒人们中国在太空探索领域日益增长的影响力。A. reminder提醒；B. warning警告；C. operation操作，手术；D. factor因素。根据“of China’s growing influence in space exploration”可知，神舟19号任务不断提醒人们，中国在太空探索领域日益增长的影响力，故选A。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它标志着中国太空探索进入了一个新时代，吸引了世界对中国发展的关注。A. refer提到，查阅；B. limits限制；C. absorbs吸引；D. connects连接。结合“the world’s attention to the country’s development”可知，此处指中国的发展吸引了世界的关注，故选C。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着中国的不断进步，我们可以想象这个强大国家的未来。A. humble谦逊的；B. powerful强大的；C. reliable可靠的；D. generous慷慨的。结合上文“ The Shenzhou-19 mission is a constant 13 of China’s growing influence in space exploration. It marks a new era in China’s space exploration and 14 the world’s attention to the country’s development. ”且文章多次提到中国与世界领先航天机构竞争的能力和中国的科技实力等可知，此处指这个强大的国家，故选B。
B
（24-25高三上·河南濮阳·阶段练习）Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, the choice of an 16 should be made even before the choice of the curriculum (课程) in high school. 17 , many people just have a few ideas bouncing around in their minds and most people make several job choices during their working lives, 18 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their positions. Actually, the “perfect job” does not exist. Young people should enter into a broad flexible training program that will prepare them for a field of work rather than just for a single 19 .
Unfortunately, many young people have to make career plans 20 getting proper help from a competent occupational counselor (置业顾问) or psychologist. Knowing 21 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 22 . Some drift from job to job. Others 23 to a piece of work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its 24 prestige (声望). Too many high school students—or their parents-choose a professional field, 25 both the relatively small percentage of workers in the profession and the extremely high educational and personal 26 . The imaginary prestige of a profession is 27 good reason for choosing it as a lifetime’s work. What’s worse, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large percentage of jobs are mechanical and manual work, the 28 of young people should give serious 29 to these fields.
Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he/ she wants out of life and how hard he/she is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take 30 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards. So, you must be careful or do some career aptitude tests before making the final choice to get a head start.
16．A．identification B．accommodation C．entertainment D．occupation
17．A．Otherwise B．However C．Thus D．Therefore
18．A．thoroughly B．mainly C．usually D．partly
19．A．means B．job C．tale D．certificate
20．A．without B．via C．with D．through
21．A．little B．more C．much D．less
22．A．chance B．purpose C．basis D．mixture
23．A．apply B．appeal C．accuse D．stick
24．A．imaginary B．inspirational C．generous D．greedy
25．A．concerning B．following C．ignoring D．considering
26．A．priorities B．requirements C．tendencies D．ambitions
27．A．one B．any C．the D．no
28．A．majority B．chorus C．minority D．number
29．A．proposal B．profile C．approval D．consideration
30．A．turns B．parts C．risks D．choices
【答案】
16．D 17．B 18．D 19．B 20．A 21．A 22．C 23．D 24．A 25．C 26．B 27．D 28．A 29．D 30．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了年轻人在选择职业时的误区及应该如何选择未来的职业。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：理想情况下，职业的选择甚至应该在高中课程选择之前就做出。A. identification确认；B. accommodation住宿；C. entertainment娱乐；D. occupation职业。根据上文“Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training.”可知，大多数有价值的职业都需要某种专业培训，由此可知，职业的选择甚至应该在高中课程选择之前就做出。故选D项。
17．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，许多人脑子里只有几个想法，大多数人在工作生涯中都会做出几个工作选择，部分原因是经济和工业的变化，部分原因则是为了改善自己的职位。A. Otherwise否则；B. However然而；C. Thus因此；D. Therefore因此。上文“the choice of an _____ should be made even before the choice of the curriculum (课程) in high school”和下文“many people just have a few ideas bouncing around in their minds”为转折关系，职业的选择应该在高中课程选择之前就做出，然而，许多人脑子里只有几个想法。故选B项。
18．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，许多人脑子里只有几个想法，大多数人在工作生涯中都会做出几个工作选择，部分原因是经济和工业的变化，部分原因则是为了改善自己的职位。A. thoroughly彻底；B. mainly主要地；C. usually通常；D. partly部分地。根据下文“partly to improve their positions”中的“partly”可知，句中介绍的是部分原因，由此可知，部分原因是经济和工业的变化。故选D项。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：年轻人应该参加一个广泛灵活的培训计划，为他们的工作领域做好准备，而不仅仅是一份工作。A. means方法；B. job工作；C. tale故事；D. certificate证明。根据上文“perfect job”中的“job”可知，没有完美的工作，由此可知，年轻人准备的不仅仅是一份工作。故选B项。
20．考查介词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，许多年轻人不得不在没有得到称职的职业顾问或心理学家适当帮助的情况下制定职业规划。A. without没有；B. via通过；C. with具有；D. through通过。根据句中“Unfortunately”可知，许多年轻人是不幸的，由此可知，他们没有得到称职的职业顾问或心理学家的适当帮助。故选A项。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们对职业世界或自己知之甚少，他们根据无计划的基础来选择终身工作。A. little少量的；B. more更多的；C. much许多的；D. less更少的。根据上文“Unfortunately, many young people have to make career plans _____ getting proper help from a competent occupational counselor (置业顾问) or psychologist.”可知，许多年轻人不得不在没有得到称职的职业顾问或心理学家适当帮助的情况下制定职业规划，由此可知，他们对职业世界或自己了解得很少。故选A项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对职业世界或自己知之甚少，他们根据无计划的基础来选择终身工作。A. chance机会；B. purpose目的；C. basis基础；D. mixture混合物。根据上文“Unfortunately, many young people have to make career plans _____ getting proper help from a competent occupational counselor (置业顾问) or psychologist.”可知，许多年轻人不得不在没有得到称职的职业顾问或心理学家适当帮助的情况下制定职业规划，由此可知，他们根据无计划的基础来选择终身工作。故选C项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他人则坚持做一件他们不高兴、不适合的工作。A. apply申请；B. appeal呼吁；C. accuse指责；D. stick粘贴。根据上文“Some drift from job to job.”可知，有些人从一份工作转到另一份工作，由此可知，与其对比，其他人则坚持做一件他们不高兴、不适合的工作，“stick to”意为“坚持”。故选D项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个常见的错误是选择一个职业是为了它想象中的声望。A. imaginary想象中的；B. inspirational鼓舞人心的；C. generous慷慨的；D. greedy贪婪的。根据下文“The imaginary prestige of a profession is _____ good reason for choosing it as a lifetime’s work.”中的“imaginary”可知，一个常见的错误是选择一个职业是为了它想象中的声望，但一个职业想象中的声望并不是选择它作为终身工作的好理由。故选A项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：太多的高中生或他们的父母选择了一个专业领域，忽视了该行业相对较小的工人比例以及极高的教育和个人要求。A. concerning关于；B. following跟随；C. ignoring忽视；D. considering考虑。根据上文“One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its _____ prestige (声望).”可知，很多人选择一个职业是为了它想象中的声望，由此可知，他们忽视了该行业相对较小的工人比例。故选C项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：太多的高中生或他们的父母选择了一个专业领域，忽视了该行业相对较小的工人比例以及极高的教育和个人要求。A. priorities优先事项；B. requirements要求；C. tendencies趋势；D. ambitions雄心。根据句中“the relatively small percentage of workers in the profession”可知，句中介绍了家长选择专业领域忽视的内容，由此可知，他们忽视了专业领域极高的教育和个人要求。故选B项。
27．考查形容词。代词和冠词词义辨析。句意：一个职业想象中的声望并不是选择它作为终身工作的好理由。A. one唯一的；B. any任何；C. the指已提到或易领会到的人或事物；D. no不是的。根据下文“What’s worse, these occupations are not always well paid.”可知，声望高的职业并不总是高薪的，由此可知，一个职业想象中的声望并不是选择它作为终身工作的好理由。故选D项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于大部分工作都是机械和体力劳动，大多数年轻人应该认真考虑这些领域。A. majority大多数；B. chorus合唱队；C. minority少数人；D. number数字。根据句中“Since a large percentage of jobs are mechanical and manual work”可知，大部分工作都是机械和体力劳动，由此可知，大多数年轻人应该认真考虑。故选A项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于大部分工作都是机械和体力劳动，大多数年轻人应该认真考虑这些领域。A. proposal建议；B. profile轮廓；C. approval批准；D. consideration考虑。根据句中“Since a large percentage of jobs are mechanical and manual work”可知，大部分工作都是机械和体力劳动，由此可知，大多数年轻人应该认真考虑是否选择。故选D项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人想要安全；其他人愿意为了经济利益而冒险。A. turns转变；B. parts部分；C. risks风险；D. choices选择。根据句中“Some want security”可知，有些人想要安全，由此可知，与其对比，其他人愿意为了经济利益而冒险。故选C项。
C
（24-25高三上·黑龙江大庆·期中）During the Nov. 11 shopping event, many people tend to buy more than they need because of sales and promotion or just a plain urge. But what normally 31 the shopping madness is not 32 but regret. That’s because many people just buy things to fill the emptiness in their hearts, but accumulating things actually 33 the burden in their minds.
The concept of Danshari may provide a(n) 34 to the problem. Danshari is based on three Chinese characters, duan she li, 35 refusal, disposal and separation. It promotes the idea of removing 36 things and separating oneself from the drive to own 37 possessions. There are two basic rules that 38 whether you should keep something — the relationship between you and the item under 39 as well as the timing. So before you 40 your payment password for something, ask yourself two questions: Do I need it now Does it suit me
Danshari encourages you not only to 41 things, but to give up the unreasonable desire associated with owning them. Nowadays, people need to learn to 42 their daily lives. Buy only the necessities and suitable items, regularly 43 things you don’t need any more, and then you’ll get freedom in your heart.
However, it doesn’t mean that you should kill your desire and live a less interesting life. Instead, you should 44 yourself rather than material goods. Through 45 what to buy and what to throw away, you can see a deeper reflection of yourself, therefore learning to make wise decisions about more important things.
31．A．prevents B．promotes C．starts D．follows
32．A．satisfaction B．wealth C．relief D．expectation
33．A．measures B．covers C．relieves D．indicates
34．A．limit B．alternative C．solution D．introduction
35．A．abolishing B．meaning C．violating D．predicting
36．A．unnecessary B．temporary C．used D．updated
37．A．private B．valuable C．material D．popular
38．A．prove B．permit C．decide D．affect
39．A．guarantee B．control C．discussion D．consideration
40．A．change B．enter C．provide D．create
41．A．get over B．get along with C．get rid of D．get through
42．A．fix B．risk C．enrich D．simplify
43．A．discover B．recycle C．cherish D．abandon
44．A．reflect on B．focus on C．give up D．cheer up
45．A．choosing B．avoiding C．comparing D．mentioning
【答案】
31．D 32．A 33．D 34．C 35．B 36．A 37．C 38．C 39．D 40．B 41．C 42．D 43．D 44．B 45．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“断舍离”的含义，在购物东西的时候要问自己是否需要，是否适合自己，只买自己需要和适合自己的东西。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但疯狂购物之后通常会出现的不是满足，而是后悔。 A. prevents阻止；B. promotes促进；提倡；升职；促销；C. starts开始；启动；发动；D. follows跟随；追逐；从事。根据上文“During the Nov. 11 shopping event, many people tend to buy more than they need because of sales and promotion or just a plain urge.”以及空后“the shopping madness is not ____2____ but regret.”可知，此处指的是在双十一疯狂购物之后接下来的就是后悔，故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但疯狂购物之后通常会出现的不是满足，而是后悔。A. satisfaction满意；满足；B. wealth财富；大量；C. relief宽慰；缓解；救济品；D. expectation期望；盼望。根据空前“But what normally _______ the shopping madness is not”以及空后的“but regret.”可知此处指的是指双十一疯狂购物之后紧接着是后悔，而不是满足，故选A项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是因为很多人买东西只是为了填补他们内心的空虚，而积累东西实际上表明了他们内心的负担。A. measures测量；B. covers覆盖；包含；涉及；C. relieves减轻；D. indicates表明；暗示；象征。根据空后“the burden in their minds”可知此处指的是疯狂的购买表明了人们内心的负担，故选D项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“断舍离”这个概念可能给这个问题提供了一个解决方案。A. limit局限性；限制；B. alternative选择；替代物；C. solution解决办法；解答；D. introduction介绍；引见。根据空后“to the problem”可知此处指“断舍离”是解决问题的办法。a solution to the problem意为“问题的解决方法”，故选C项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：断舍离是由三个汉字组成的，意思是拒绝、处置和分离。A. abolishing废除；取消；B. meaning意味着；打算；C. violating违背；D. predicting预测；预报。根据空后“refusal, disposal and separation.”可知此处是对“断舍离”进行解释，所以meaning“意味着”符合语境，故选B项。
36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它提倡去除不必要的东西，并将自己从拥有物质财富的驱动力中分离出来。A. unnecessary不必要的；B. temporary暂时的；C. used用过的；习惯于；D. updated更新的；现代化的。根据空前“It promotes the idea of removing”可知此处指的“断舍离”的意思是除去不必要的东西，故选A项。
37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它提倡去除不必要的东西，并将自己从拥有物质财富的驱动力中分离出来。A. private私有的；秘密的；私下里的；B. valuable有价值的；珍贵的；C. material物质的；D. popular受欢迎的；普遍的；通俗的。根据空后的“possessions”可知此处指的是物质财富，故选C项。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：决定你是否应该保留某样东西有两个基本原则——你和你所考虑的东西之间的关系以及时机。A. prove证明；B. permit允许；批准；C. decide决定；使下决心；D. affect影响。根据空后“whether you should keep something — the relationship between you and the item under _______ as well as the timing. So before you _______ your payment password for something, ask yourself two questions: Do I need it now Does it suit me ”可知此处指的是你和你所考虑的东西之间的关系以及时机是决定某样东西是否应该保留下来的因素，故选C项。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：决定你是否应该保留某样东西有两个基本原则——你和你所考虑的东西之间的关系以及时机。A. guarantee保证；保质期；B. control控制；管理；C. discussion讨论；D. consideration考虑。根据空前“the item under”可知此处表示你所考虑的去留的东西，under consideration“在考虑中”，故选D项。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以在你输入支付密码之前，问自己两个问题：我现在需要它吗？它适合我吗？A. change变化；改变；更换；B. enter输入；进入；报名参加；C. provide提供；D. create创造。根据空后的“our payment password for something”可知此处指的是输入支付密码，故选B项。
41．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“断舍离”鼓励你不仅要摆脱东西，还要放弃与拥有它们相关的不合理欲望。A. get over克服；恢复；B. get along with与某人相处；C. get rid of舍弃；除去；D. get through完成；熬过。根据上文“refusal, disposal and separation. It promotes the idea of removing _______ things”可知此处指的是“断舍离”鼓励我们摆脱某种东西，故选C项。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，人们需要学会简化他们的日常生活。A. fix修理；安排；处理；B. risk冒险；C. enrich使富裕；使富有；D. simplify简化。根据后文“their daily lives. Buy only the necessities and suitable items, regularly _______ things you don’t need any more,”可知此处指的是人们要指购买必须的东西，丢掉那些不必要的东西，即简化生活，故选 D项。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：只买必需品和合适的东西，经常扔掉不再需要的东西，你就会得到内心的自由。A. discover发现；B. recycle回收利用；循环利用；C. cherish珍惜；D. abandon放弃；遗弃。根据前文“Danshari encourages you not only to _______ things,”以及空后“things you don’t need any more”以及后文“what to throw away,”可知简化生活就是要丢掉不再需要的东西，故选D项。
44．考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，你应该关注自己，而不是物质财富。A. reflect on反思；反省；B. focus on专注于；集中于；C. give up 放弃；D. cheer up使高兴起来。根据空前“However, it doesn’t mean that you should kill your desire and live a less interesting life. Instead, you should”可知此处指的是关注自己，故选B项。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过选择买什么和扔掉什么，你可以更深入地了解自己，从而学会在更重要的事情上做出明智的决定。A. choosing选择；B. avoiding避免；防止；C. comparing比较；对照；D. mentioning提到；提及。根据空后“what to buy and what to throw away”可知此处指的是在买什么和扔掉什么方面作选择，故选A项。
D
（24-25高三上·河北邯郸·阶段练习）Every morning at 4:30 a.m., Yang He, a 64-year-old photographer, wakes up in the 46 hours and drives to the banks of the Yangtze River in Yichang, Hubei province. Upon arrival, he patiently waits there for finless porpoises (江豚) to come out from the water, hoping to 47 their beauty.
As a devoted 48 of finless porpoises, Yang has taken more than 100,000 vivid photos of the 49 species in the past six years. “I know this group of finless porpoises very 50 . They are just like my children,” he says.
Yangtze finless porpoises are so connected to the Yangtze River that any change in the health of it can support or threaten their 51 . “I first 52 a finless porpoise as a teenager when there were far fewer boats on the River. I would 53 see them pursuing boats as they made their way down the river,” Yang says, adding that as human activity increased, they become rare.
Over the past few decades, however, significant measures have been 54 to change the fate of this species. In 2017, Yang was fortunate enough to spot a finless porpoise after a long 55 . Over the last five years alone, the population of Yangtze finless porpoises has increased to 1,249, marking a 56 of 23.4 percent. Today, groups of these creatures can once again be 57 leaping above the water’s surface.
“I will continue to take more beautiful photos of them as long as I am able to 58 a camera and keep a(n) 59 on them,” Yang says, adding that he will make it his life’s mission to 60 these remarkable creatures.
46．A．office B．small C．big D．rush
47．A．reflect B．inquire C．photograph D．justify
48．A．admirer B．specialist C．keeper D．subscriber
49．A．motivated B．endangered C．occupied D．caged
50．A．further B．slightly C．little D．well
51．A．comprehension B．weight C．survival D．vision
52．A．pictured B．trained C．reserved D．encountered
53．A．frequently B．rarely C．occasionally D．never
54．A．called off B．carried out C．put aside D．got across
55．A．reference B．inquiry C．gap D．inference
56．A．decline B．tendency C．share D．rise
57．A．justified B．expected C．observed D．dominated
58．A．hold B．abandon C．deserve D．polish
59．A．pace B．ear C．secret D．eye
60．A．advocate B．document C．transform D．donate
【答案】
46．B 47．C 48．A 49．B 50．D 51．C 52．D 53．A 54．B 55．C 56．D 57．C 58．A 59．D 60．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了摄影师杨河多年来坚持拍摄长江江豚，记录其生态变化的故事。
46．考查名词或形容词词义辨析。句意：每天凌晨4点30分，64岁的摄影师杨河都会在夜色中醒来，驱车前往湖北省宜昌市的长江岸边。A. office办公室；B. small小的；C. big大的；D. rush匆忙。根据前文“Every morning at 4:30 a.m.”可知，4:30是清晨，天还没亮，the small hours意为“凌晨时分”。故选B。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到达后，他会耐心等待江豚从水中出现，希望能拍到它们的美丽。A. reflect反映；B. inquire询问；C. photograph拍摄；D. justify证明……正当。 根据前文“a 64-year-old photographer”可知，杨河是一位摄影师，他等待江豚出现是为了拍下江豚的美。故选C。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为江豚的忠实爱好者，杨在过去的六年里为这种濒危物种拍摄了10万多张生动的照片。A. admirer爱好者；B. specialist专家；C. keeper保管员；D. subscriber订阅者。根据后文“Yang has taken more than 100,000 vivid photos”可知，他拍摄了很多江豚的照片，说明他是江豚的爱好者。故选A。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. motivated有动力的；B. endangered濒危的；C. occupied被占用的；D. caged被关在笼子里的。根据后文“as human activity increased, they become rare”可知，江豚是一种濒危物种。故选B。
50．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我非常了解这群江豚。它们就像我的孩子一样。”他说。A. further更进一步；B. slightly轻微地；C. little很少；D. well很好。根据后文“They are just like my children”可知，他把江豚比作自己的孩子，说明他了解它们，因此用well表示熟悉程度高。故选D。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：长江江豚与长江如此紧密相连，以至于河流健康的任何变化都可能支持或威胁它们的生存。A. comprehension理解；B. weight重量；C. survival生存；D. vision视力。根据前文“any change in the health of it can support or threaten their”可知，这里指的是江豚的生存受到长江环境的影响。故选C。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我第一次遇到江豚是在我还是个少年的时候，那时河上的船还少得多。A. pictured想象；B. trained训练；C. reserved保留；D. encountered遇到。根据后文“a finless porpoise as a teenager”可知，这是描述他首次遇见江豚的经历。故选D。
53．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我会经常看到它们追赶着顺流而下的船只。A. frequently经常地；B. rarely很少；C. occasionally偶尔；D. never从不。根据后文“see them pursuing boats as they made their way down the river”及“as human activity increased, they become rare”可知，早期江豚较为常见，此处指他经常看到江豚追逐船只。故选A。
54．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，在过去的几十年里，已经采取了重大措施来改变这一物种的命运。A. called off取消；B. carried out实施；C. put aside搁置；D. got across(使)被理解。根据后文“to change the fate of this species”可知，这里是指改变江豚命运的措施被实施了。故选B。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2017年，在长时间的间隔后，杨河有幸再次见到江豚。A. reference参考；B. inquiry询问；C. gap间隔；D. inference推断。根据后文“Over the last five years alone, the population of Yangtze finless porpoises has increased to 1,249”可知，这里指的是他经过长时间的间隔再次看到江豚。故选C。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：仅在过去的五年里，长江江豚的数量就增长到了1249只，标志着增长了23.4%。A. decline下降；B. tendency趋势；C. share份额；D. rise增长。根据前文“the population of Yangtze finless porpoises has increased to 1,249”可知，这里指的是数量的增长。故选D。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，这些生物成群结队地再次被观察到跃出水面。A. justified证明……正当；B. expected期望；C. observed观察到；D. dominated主导。根据后文“leaping above the water’s surface”可知，这里指的是人们再次观察到江豚跃出水面的情景。故选C。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“只要我还能拿得动相机，并且能关注它们，我就会继续拍摄更多美丽的照片。”杨说，并补充道，他会将记录这些非凡生物作为自己一生的使命。A. hold拿住；B. abandon放弃；C. deserve应得；D. polish擦亮。根据后文“a camera”可知，这里指的是拿着相机。故选A。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. pace步伐；B. ear耳朵；C. secret秘密；D. eye眼睛。根据前文“keep a(n)”和后文“on them”可知，这里指的是保持对江豚的关注，keep an eye on为固定短语，意为“注意；留意”。故选D。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. advocate提倡；B. document记录；C. transform转变；D. donate捐赠。根据前文“I will continue to take more beautiful photos of them”可知，这里指的是他将持续用拍照的方式记录这些非凡的生物。故选B。
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