沪教版七年级下英语期中复习语法专项学案Unit1-Unit4(含答案)

沪教版七年级下期中复习语法专项Unit1-Unit4
Grammar 定冠词 the
★ 定冠词 the 的用法
1. 第二次提到的人或物：I have a coin. The coin is from my father.
2. 特指某人或某物：The man in a coat is my uncle.
3. the+世上独一无二的事物：the sun, the earth
4. 用于表示西方乐器的名词前（与play连用）：play the violin, play the piano
5. the+序数词/形容词最高级：the first lesson, the biggest city
6. “the+形容词”表示一类人或事物：The young should respect the old.
7. “the+姓氏复数”表示一家人或夫妇两人：The Whites are very friendly.
8. 用于固定搭配中：in the morning, all the way, in the centre of
习题巩固
根据句子或对话的意思，用适当的冠词填空，不填的用“/”表示。
1. ________ girl in pink is my cousin.
2. Guangzhou is one of ________ largest cities in China.
3. _______ Blacks are having _______ supper at home.
4. _______ moon goes around _______ earth.
5. ________ picture on the wall is very beautiful.
6. — What did you buy yesterday — I bought _______ guitar. I want to learn to play _______ guitar.
7. Lisa was _________ first student to get to school this morning.
8. Last summer holiday, Mark spent two weeks taking care of ________ sick.
9. My grandparents live in _______ old house in______ small village. There is ______ beautiful garden behind _______ house.
10. — Can you go to _________ history museum near the train station with me this afternoon — Sorry, I can’t. I have to play _____football with Jack.
强化练习
I. 单项选择。
( ) 1. Suddenly, they heard _______ loud noise coming from behind some rocks.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 2. But _______ last one that came out was not strong at all.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 3. My sister likes playing _______ violin while my brother likes playing ______ basketball.
A. the; the B. the; / C. /; the D. a; a
( ) 4. — Who is _______ boy in the blue jacket — He is my classmate. He is _______ smart boy, and he is good at _______ maths.
A. a; the; / B. the; a; the C. a; the; the D. the; a; /
( ) 5. One morning, he found ______ schoolbag. There was _____old dictionary in ______ schoolbag.
A. a; an; the B. a; a; the C. a; a; a D. the; an; a
II. 根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。（每空限填一词）
6. 戴眼镜的那位男士是我的英语老师。
________ man _________ glasses is my English teacher.
7. 她五岁开始弹钢琴。
She started ___________ _________ _________ at the age of five.
8. 他是一位严格的老师，但他经常和他的学生一起打篮球。
He is _____ ________ teacher, but he often ________ _____________ with his students.
9. 他住在一个美丽的社区里，他很少在社区里感到无聊。
He lives in ______ beautiful community, and he seldom_____ _________ in ________ community.
10. 月球是一个令人惊叹的地方。将来，人们将乘坐宇宙飞船去那里旅行。
______ moon is _____ amazing place. _____ ______ __________, people will travel there by spaceship.
Grammar 专有名词和并列连词
专有名词
专有名词是特定的人、事物、团体、地方、机构等的名称，其首字母要 _________。
专有名词中的 the、介词及连词通常不大写首字母。专有名词前一般有零冠词和定冠词两种情况。
习题巩固
I. 根据句意，用“/”或定冠词 the 填空。
1. They plan to travel to ___ Europe next year, starting from ____ France.
2. John is going to celebrate _____ Thanksgiving with his family.
3. The ship travelled across _____ Pacific Ocean.
4. _____ February is the second month of the year.
5. He can speak _____ German very well.
6. _____ Pearl River goes through several large cities in Guangdong province.
7. _____ Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival in China.
8. The team explored _____ Alps last summer.
并列连词
连词是一种虚词，在句中起连接作用，可以用来连接单词、短语或句子。
习题巩固
II. 根据短文内容，用并列连词填空。
Lily and Tom love traveling. During the Spring Festival, they decided to stay in Guangzhou. First, they went to Yuexiu Park, a green place with lots of trees(1) _______ flowers. Then, they walked through Beijing Road, a famous street in the city.
After that, Lily wanted to see the Canton Tower,(2) _________ Tom felt thirsty and preferred to have some juice. (3)_________ they went to a juice shop. As the day ended, they thought about taking a bus back to their hotel (4) _________ walking around for a bit longer. In the end, they chose to take a bus back to their hotel. They were tired, (5) _________ they made many happy memories.
强化练习
I. 单项选择。
( ) 1.“Shhh! Be quiet, _______ you’ll make them feel afraid,”Dad said in a low voice.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
( ) 2. Little Six didn’t have a strong body, _______ he had a strong will.
A. and B. but C. because D. so
( ) 3.“Not so fast, Ben,”Dad said.“We need to save some of the old water, ______ the fish needs a place to stay while we clean the tank.”
so B. or C. because D. but
II. 根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。（每空限填一词）
4. 你可以乘电梯或走楼梯上去。
You can ______ ______ _______ ______walk up the _________.
5. 我家附近的百货商店有我需要的一切，所以它是我最喜欢的购物地点。
The _____________ _________ near my home has everything I need,_______ it’s my favorite place to shop.
6. 这家书店很旧，但仍然受欢迎。
The bookstore is old, _______ it __________ ___________.
7. 你计划什么时候爬长城？
________ do you plan to climb _______ _________ ________
III. 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中选出最佳选项。
China has a long and rich history. It is a big country in 8 Asia. It has many places of interest that people love to visit. One of them is the Great Wall. The Great Wall is very long 9 goes through mountains and deserts. If you visit China during the Spring Festival 10 Mid-Autumn Festival,you can join in the celebrations. These are important holidays in China.When you visit China, you can stay at hotels like the Peace Hotel in Shanghai, 11 they can be very expensive. You can also find cheaper hotels to stay in.
You can travel to different parts of China and learn about its rich history.12 pack your bags and plan a trip to explore this amazing country.
( ) 8. A. / B. a C. an D. the
( ) 9. A. but B. or C. so D. and
( ) 10. A. but B. or C. so D. because
( ) 11. A. but B. so C. and D. or
( ) 12. A. Because B. So C. Or D. But
Grammar 现在进行时
★ 定义：现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与 now，at the moment，these days 等时间状语连用。
★ 现在进行时的动词结构：be (am / is / are) + 现在分词
★ 现在进行时的特点
1. 表示现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。
例如：Ken is reading a book now.
2. 表示目前阶段正在进行（但说话时不一定在进行）的动作。
例如：The boys are training for the basketball game these days.
3. 一些表示位置移动的动词，如 go, come, leave 等，常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。
例如：Cindy is leaving at 3:00 this afternoon.
★ 现在分词的构成规则
1. 大多数动词在词尾直接加-ing：work→ working
2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing：write →writing
3. 以ie结尾的动词，将ie改为y再加-ing：lie →lying
4. 以"元音字母+辅音字母"结尾的重读闭音节单词，双写最后一个字母再加-ing：sit →sitting
★ 现在进行时的句式
- 肯定句：主语+be+现在分词+其他.
例：Lily is playing the piano in her room.
- 否定句：主语+be+not+现在分词+其他.
例：Mom is not cleaning the house now.
- 一般疑问句：Be+主语+现在分词+其他
例：Is Meimei having lunch at the moment
- 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+现在分词+其他
例：Who is Lisa writing for
★ 现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
- 现在进行时强调此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作：Bob is planting a tree now.
- 一般现在时强调动作的经常和反复，或主语本身具有的特征：Bob plants trees every March.
【注意】表示感官知觉、情感、心理活动的动词，通常用一般现在时：believe, hear, like, prefer, understand, hate, know, love, realize, want 等。
习题巩固
根据句意，用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。
1. My brother ______________ (take) a shower in the bathroom now.
2. Listen! The teacher ______________ (sing) a song for her students.
3. _______ the children ___________ (clean) the classroom at the moment
4. Vivian ______________ (read) Alice in Wonderland these days. She will finish it soon.
5. Brian ____________ (prefer) to go to school by bus every day.
强化练习
I. 单项选择。
( ) 1. He works so hard in the field, but now it _____ up. I wish I might help him.
A. dry B. is drying C. dried D. was drying
( ) 2.“Please let us pass,”David says.“The children ______.”
A. wait B. waited C. are waiting D. have waited
( ) 3. — Are the children flying kites in the park — No, they _____. They _____ a game together.
A. are; play B. are; are playing C. aren’t; play D. aren’t; are playing
( ) 4. — Look! A man ______ with Mr Black. Who is he — He is our new English teacher Mr Chen.
A. is talking B. talks C. talk D. will talk
( ) 5. Larry _______ his grandfather every Saturday. Now he______ for his visit tomorrow.
A. is visiting; is preparing B. visits; is preparing C. visits; prepares D. is visiting; prepares
II. 根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。（每空限填一词）
6. 鲍勃正在他的房间弹吉他。
Bob ______ ____________ ________ _________ in his room.
7. 一些人正在那里砍伐树木。我们去制止他们吧。
Some people _______ __________ _________ trees there.Let’s stop them.
8. 他们正在庆祝他们第一个孩子的出生。
They _______ ____________ the birth of their first child.
9. 李玉正在给那些小动物拍照。
Li Yu ______ _________ _________ of the little animals.
10. 你通常什么时候做运动呢？
When ______ you usually ____________ sports
Grammar 本单元主要介绍反身代词及方位介词。
★ 反身代词 ★
基本定义：反身代词用于强调动作的执行者同时也是动作的承受者，因此反身代词应与它所指代的名词或者代词在人称、性、数上保持一致。
反身代词的用法
1. 用作动词或介词的宾语，来指代主语本身。
例句：They introduced themselves to the new teacher.他们向新老师做了自我介绍。
Lucy bought a dress for herself on her birthday.露西在生日那天为自己买了一条连衣裙。
2. 作主语或宾语的同位语，用来强调主语或宾语是独自完成动作的。
例句：Tom himself decided to stay home and rest.汤姆自己决定呆在家里休息。
Why don’t you talk to Mary herself 你为什么不和玛丽本人谈谈呢？
3. 用于一些固定搭配中。如：
by oneself 独自，单独 enjoy oneself 玩得痛快
help oneself to 随便吃 …… teach oneself 自学
dress oneself 自己穿衣服 say to oneself 自言自语
跟踪练习
I. 根据句意，用适当的反身代词填空，使句子完整、通顺。
1. The dog found its way home by _________.
2. The students enjoyed _____________ during the school field trip.
3. Mary ___________ prepared the breakfast for the family.
4. My little brother can dress ___________ in the morning.
5. Tom, you should learn to do things by ____________.
6. Kids,remember to drink enough water every day to look after ____________.
★ 方位介词 ★
基本定义：方位介词是表示人或物的位置的介词。
常用的方位介词（词组）
in front of 与 in the front of 的区别:
① in front of 表示“在……的前面（物体外部）”。
② in the front of 表示“在……的前面（物体内部）”。
例句：There is a river in front of their school. 他们学校前面有一条河。
In the front of the classroom, there is a blackboard.在教室的前面，有一块黑板。
跟踪练习
II. 从方框中选择合适的词填空，使句子完整、通顺，每词限用一次。
7. It’s hot. Let’s have a rest _________ the tree.
8. There is a small house __________ the river.
9. Alice often reads books _______ her room.
10. Put the cake _______ the table, please.
11. The moon is high __________ the trees and it looks beautiful.
III. 单项选择。
( ) 1. I hoped the next time I would be able to clean the tank all by_____.
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
( ) 2. Lily says to _____ when she’s sad, “It’s okay, Lily. Tomorrow will be better.”
A. she B. him C. hers D. herself
( ) 3. I like to sit _______ the TV and watch my favorite cartoons.
A. in B. in front of C. above D. under
IV. 根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。（每空限填一词）
4. 在她的帮助下，我在这个大城市找到了一份工作。
_________ ________ ________, I found a job _______this big city.
5. 吉姆喜欢坐在树下独自读书。
Jim likes to sit _________ the tree and read books _______ ___________.
6. 我们学校前面有一辆消防车。
There is a _________ _________ _________ _________ __________ our school.
以下是对这份语法专项复习内容的答案及解析：
定冠词 the
习题巩固
1. The：特指穿粉色衣服的那个女孩，用定冠词 the。
2. the：“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数”是固定结构，用定冠词 the。
3. The；/：“the + 姓氏复数”表示一家人，所以第一空用 The；三餐前一般不用冠词，所以第二空不填。
4. The；the：世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词 the，所以“月亮”“地球”前都用 the。
5. The：特指墙上的那幅画，用定冠词 the。
6. a；the：第一空表示“一把吉他”，用不定冠词 a；乐器前用定冠词 the，所以第二空填 the。
7. the：序数词前用定冠词 the。
8. the：“the + 形容词”表示一类人，“the sick”表示“病人”。
9. an；a；a；the：第一空“old”以元音音素开头，用不定冠词 an 表示“一座旧房子”；第二空“small”以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词 a 表示“一个小村庄”；第三空表示“一个漂亮的花园”，用不定冠词 a；第四空特指前面提到的那座房子，用定冠词 the。
10. the；/：第一空特指火车站附近的那个历史博物馆，用定冠词 the；球类运动前一般不用冠词，所以第二空不填。
强化练习
I. 单项选择
1. A：“a loud noise”表示“一声很大的噪音”，这里表示泛指，loud 以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词 a。
2. C：序数词“last”前用定冠词 the。
3. B：乐器前用定冠词 the，球类运动前不用冠词，所以“play the violin”“play basketball”，选 B。
4. D：第一空特指穿蓝色夹克的那个男孩，用定冠词 the；第二空表示“一个聪明的男孩”，用不定冠词 a；学科名词前一般不用冠词，“maths”前不填，所以选 D。
5. A：第一空表示“一个书包”，用不定冠词 a；第二空“old”以元音音素开头，用不定冠词 an 表示“一本旧字典”；第三空特指前面提到的那个书包，用定冠词 the，所以选 A。
II. 根据汉语完成句子
6. The；with
7. playing；the；piano
8. a；strict；plays；basketball
9. a；feels；bored；the
10. The；an；In；the；future
专有名词和并列连词
专有名词
习题巩固
1. /；/：“Europe”“France”表示大洲和国家的专有名词前一般不用冠词。
2. /：“Thanksgiving”感恩节，节日专有名词前一般不用冠词。
3. the：“the Pacific Ocean”太平洋，海洋的专有名词前用定冠词 the。
4. /：“February”二月，月份专有名词前一般不用冠词。
5. /：“German”德语，语言专有名词前一般不用冠词。
6. The：“the Pearl River”珠江，河流的专有名词前用定冠词 the。
7. The：“the Dragon Boat Festival”端午节，特定的节日专有名词前用定冠词 the。
8. the：“the Alps”阿尔卑斯山，山脉的专有名词前用定冠词 the。
并列连词
习题巩固
1. and：“trees”和“flowers”是并列关系，用 and 连接。
2. but：Lily 想去看广州塔，Tom 想喝果汁，前后是转折关系，用 but。
3. So：前面说 Tom 想喝果汁，所以他们去了果汁店，是因果关系，用 So。
4. or：他们考虑坐公交车回酒店或者再逛一会儿，是选择关系，用 or。
5. but：他们很累，但是他们留下了很多快乐的回忆，是转折关系，用 but。
强化练习
I. 单项选择
1. B：“Shhh! Be quiet, or you’ll make them feel afraid”意思是“嘘！安静点，否则你会让他们感到害怕”，or 表示“否则”，符合语境。
2. B：“Little Six didn’t have a strong body, but he had a strong will”意思是“小六没有强壮的身体，但是他有坚强的意志”，前后是转折关系，用 but。
3. C：“We need to save some of the old water, because the fish needs a place to stay while we clean the tank”意思是“我们需要保存一些旧水，因为当我们清洗鱼缸时鱼需要一个地方待着”，后面是前面的原因，用 because。
II. 根据汉语完成句子
4. take；the；lift；or；stairs
5. department；store；so
6. but；is；still；popular
7. When；the；Great；Wall
III. 阅读理解
8. A：“Asia”亚洲，大洲专有名词前一般不用冠词，选 A。
9. D：“The Great Wall is very long and goes through mountains and deserts”长城很长并且穿过山脉和沙漠，“long”和“goes through”是并列关系，用 and，选 D。
10. B：“If you visit China during the Spring Festival or Mid-Autumn Festival”如果你在春节或者中秋节期间访问中国，“春节”和“中秋节”是选择关系，用 or，选 B。
11. A：“you can stay at hotels like the Peace Hotel in Shanghai, but they can be very expensive”你可以住在像上海和平饭店这样的酒店，但是它们可能非常贵，前后是转折关系，用 but，选 A。
12. B：前面说你可以去中国不同的地方了解它丰富的历史，所以收拾行李计划一次旅行去探索这个神奇的国家，是因果关系，用 So，选 B。
现在进行时
习题巩固
1. is taking：根据“now”可知用现在进行时，“My brother”是第三人称单数，所以用 is taking。
2. is singing：根据“Listen!”可知用现在进行时，“The teacher”是第三人称单数，所以用 is singing。
3. Are；cleaning：根据“at the moment”可知用现在进行时，“the children”是复数，一般疑问句把 are 提到句首，所以是 Are；cleaning。
4. is reading：根据“these days”可知用现在进行时，“Vivian”是第三人称单数，所以用 is reading。
5. prefers：根据“every day”可知用一般现在时，“Brian”是第三人称单数，所以用 prefers。
强化练习
I. 单项选择
1. B：根据“now”可知用现在进行时，“it”是第三人称单数，所以用 is drying，选 B。
2. C：根据“Please let us pass”可知孩子们正在等着，用现在进行时，“The children”是复数，所以用 are waiting，选 C。
3. D：根据“No”可知孩子们没有在放风筝，所以第一空用 aren’t；根据语境可知他们正在一起玩游戏，用现在进行时，“they”是复数，所以第二空用 are playing，选 D。
4. A：根据“Look!”可知用现在进行时，“A man”是第三人称单数，所以用 is talking，选 A。
5. B：根据“every Saturday”可知第一空用一般现在时，“Larry”是第三人称单数，所以用 visits；根据“Now”可知第二空用现在进行时，“he”是第三人称单数，所以用 is preparing，选 B。
II. 根据汉语完成句子
6. is；playing；the；guitar
7. are；cutting；down
8. are；celebrating
9. is；taking；photos
10. do；do
反身代词及方位介词
反身代词
跟踪练习
1. itself：“by oneself”表示“独自，单独”，这里指狗自己找到回家的路，“the dog”对应的反身代词是 itself。
2. themselves：“enjoy oneself”表示“玩得痛快”，“The students”对应的反身代词是 themselves。
3. herself：“Mary”是女性，这里表示玛丽自己为家人准备早餐，用 herself。
4. himself：“My little brother”是男性，“dress oneself”表示“自己穿衣服”，所以用 himself。
5. yourself：“Tom”是男性，“by oneself”表示“独自，单独”，所以用 yourself。
6. yourselves：“Kids”是复数，“look after oneself”表示“照顾自己”，所以用 yourselves。
方位介词
跟踪练习
7. under：“在树下休息”用 under the tree。
8. near：“在河附近有一座小房子”，用 near 表示“在……附近”。
9. in：“在房间里读书”用 in her room。
10. on：“把蛋糕放在桌子上”用 on the table。
11. above：“月亮在树的上方”，表示在物体上方（不接触）用 above。
单项选择
1. D：“by oneself”表示“独自，单独”，这里指我希望下次我能独自清理鱼缸，“I”对应的反身代词是 myself，选 D。
2. D：“say to oneself”表示“自言自语”，“Lily”是女性，所以用 herself，选 D。
3. B：“in front of”表示“在……的前面（物体外部）”，这里表示坐在电视前面，用 in front of，选 B。
根据汉语完成句子
4. With；her；help；in
5. under；by；himself
6. fire；engine；in；front；of