2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语下册单元详解

Unit 1 What’s the matter
一、重点短语
Section A 1a-1c
1.have a cold=catch a cold 受凉;感冒
2.have a stomachache 胃疼;胃痛
3.have a sore back背痛,背疼
4.talk too much 说得太多
5.have a sore throat 喉咙痛,咽喉痛
6.drink enough water喝足够的水（enough位于名词前，形容词后）
句型：
What’s the matter 怎么了？
What’ s the matter (with you) = What’s the trouble (with you) / What’s the problem (with you) / What’s wrong with you /What’s up？你怎么了？此句型用于询问某人的身体状况。
（1）主语+have/has+a+病症have a cold/fever
（2）主语+have/has+a+sore+发病部位
sore 是一个独立的形容词，指的是身体某一部位的酸痛。如：sore back, sore throat, sore neck.
（3）主语+have/has +a+部位-ache
-ache作后缀，常与表示身体部位的名词合成一个新词，表身体某部位疼痛，如：
tooth（牙齿）+ache=toothache（牙痛）
head（头）+ache=headache（头痛）
back（背）+ache=backache（背痛）
(4)get + v.-ed形式
get hurt
get cut in the hand
get hit by a ball
(5)hurt/cut/break+身体具体部位
hurt my leg cut her finger break his arm
hurt/cut+反身代词
hurt myself cut himself
Section A 2a-2d
7.have a cough =catch a cough咳嗽
8.have a toothache 牙疼,牙齿痛;牙痛
9.lie down and rest 躺下来休息
10.hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
11.see a dentist=go to the dentist 看牙医
12.get an X-ray 拍X 光片,照光
13.take one’s temperature 量体温（one’s用形容词性物主代词 ）
14.cut myself割伤自己
15.put some medicine on sth.在......上面敷药
16.have a fever 发烧
17.have a headache 头痛
18.on the weekend=on weekends在周末
19.all weekend =the whole weekend整个周末
20.take breaks away from computer远离电脑休息
21.take breaks休息
22.in the same way以同样的方式
23.for too long太长时间，时间太长
24.go to the doctor/go to a doctor=see a doctor去看医生
Section A 句型
2d Yes, I think that I sat in the same way for too long without moving.是的，我认为我以同样的姿势坐了太久而没有移动（一动不动地坐了太久）。
介词后面的动词用v-ing,我们学过的介词in, of, for, on, at, under, with, without, after, about, by, between, outside,inside, out, before, down, over, across, behind, around, along, as, up,onto,like（介词,像),to(有些固定搭配中作为介词)
1)Dao Liangyu does well in running.(run)刀亮宇擅长于跑步。
2)Chen Min is good at dancing.(dance)陈敏擅长于跳舞。
Section A 3a-3c
25.go along /down=walk along/down沿着……走
26.shout for help 大声呼救
27.without thinking twice 没有多想,不假思索,毫不犹豫
28.get off 下车get on 上车
29.have a heart problem 有心脏病
30.take sb. to (the hospital) 带某人去（医院)
31.wait for 等候
32.to one’s surprise 使....吃惊(惊讶)的是（one’s用形容词性物主代词）
33.get the old man onto the bus=move the old man onto the bus把老人抬上车
34.thanks to-=because of+短语/名词/代词/v-ing 多亏
35.in time 及时
36.on time 准时,按时
37.think about oneself 考虑自己
38.save a life 挽救生命
39.right away =right now=at once =in a minute立刻,马上
40.get into trouble惹麻烦
句型：
3a 1.At 9:00 a.m. Yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhongshan Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 昨天早上9:00,26路公共汽车正行驶在中山路的时候,公交车司机看到一位老人正躺在路边。
过去进行时结构:主语+was/were+v-ing.
She was watching TV at this time of last week.(watch)上周的这个时候她正在看视。
see sb./sth. doing sth. 看到某人或某物正在做某事（动作正在进行）;see sb./sth. do sth. 看到某人做过/了某事（做的过程）,watch,hear,notice有类似的用法。
1)We saw him crossing the road at that time.那个时候我看到他正在过马路。（cross)
2.The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without thinking twice.24岁的公交车司机王平毫不犹豫地停下了车。
复合形容词:（1）数词+连字符号（-）+单数名词 a 10-year girl一个10岁大的女孩 ;a 100-year man一位百岁老人（2）数词+连字符号（-）+单数名词+连字符号（-）+adj. an 11-year-old girl 一个11岁大的女孩; a 3 -year-old boy一个三岁大的男孩
3.He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.
他希望大多数或者所有的乘客下车等候下一辆班车。
expect sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事
1)He expects his son to be an actor. (be)他希望他的儿子成为一名演员。
2)The bus driver expected most of the passengers to get off.(get)
这个公交车司机希望大多数乘客下车。
4.But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him.
但令他吃惊的是,他们全都同意跟他一起去。
to one’s surprise,令某人吃惊的是
To my surprise, he’s my lost brother.( I )令我吃惊的是,他竟是我丢失的哥哥。
To her surprise, she passed the exam. (she)令她吃惊的是,她竟通过了考试。
agree to do sth.同意做某事
agree with sb.同意某人的意见或观点
agree on就某事达成一致
I agree to go swimming with you.（go）我同意和你去游泳。
5.Some passengers helped Mr. Wang to move the man onto the bus.
有的乘客帮助王先生把这个老人抬上了车。
1)help sb. (to) do sth帮助某人做某事
2)help sb. with+名词(n.)
3)with one’s help在某人的帮助下
I will help you with Chinese.我将帮助你学习语文。
I want to help you get /to get a lot of money. (get)我想要帮助你挣很多钱。
With his help, I get good grades. (he)在他的帮助下，我取得了好成绩。
6.Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers,the man was saved by the doctor in time.
多亏了王先生和乘客们,这个老头及时被医生挽救了。
一般过去时被动语态:主语+was/were+v-过去分词
1)The ticket was bought by Tao Jian yesterday.（buy）陶健昨天买了这张票。
The homework was taken away by Mr. Shang.(take)作业被尚老师拿走了。
Section A Grammar Focus-4c
41.hurt oneself 受伤
42.fall down摔倒,落下,倒塌
1c 句型told (tell) him to rest 告诉他去休息
tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做.
否定形式为tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不要做
1)I want to tell you to have a good rest.（have）我想告诉你好好休息。
2)Jim told me not to play in the street.（not play)吉姆告诉我不要在街上玩。
【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。
Section B 1a-1d
43.put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎......
44.put some medicine on it在它上面敷些药
45.put your head down把头低下
46.press the sides of your nose按压你的鼻子两侧
47.feel sick 感到恶心/不舒服
48.have a nosebleed 流鼻血
49.get hit on the head撞到头部
Section B 2a-3b
50.have problems breathing 呼吸困难
51.get sunburned 晒伤
52.be interested in = take an interest in/become interested in对......感兴趣
53.take risks（take a risk)冒险
54.lose one’s life 牺牲,丧生,失去某人的生命
55.fall on sb.朝某人落下,向某人压下来
56.by oneself独自,单独
57.free his arm 挣脱他的手臂
58.run out (of) =use up用完;用尽
59.save one’s own life挽救自己的生命
60.cut off删除,删减
61.so that 以便,为了,目的是
62.so. . . that 如此… …以至于…
63.climb down the mountains下山
64.Between a Rock and a Hard Place《生死两难》
65.be in a difficult situation处于困境之中
66.get out of 离开;从……出来,摆脱......
67.tell of 讲述，告诉
68.the importance of......的重要性
69.make good decisions做出正确的决定（抉择）
70. be in control of 掌管,管理,掌控
71.have the same spirit as sb.和某人有同样的勇气/精神
72.think about /of 思考,考虑,认为,想起
73.make a decision 做出决定
74.mean life or death意味着生死
75.give up+v.-ing/n./pron. 放弃
2b
1.As a mountain climber,Aron is used to taking risks.
作为一名登山者,阿伦习惯于冒险。
(1)be /get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
The English teachers are /get used to speaking Chinese in English class in China. (speak)在中国,英语老师习惯于在英语课上讲中文。
(2)be used to do sth. 被用来做某事be used for doing sth.
The knife is used to cut up things/for cutting up things.(cut)刀被用来切东西。
(3)used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
My father used to drink a lot. (drink)我爸爸过去经常喝酒。
2.This is one of the exciting things about doing dangerous sports.
这是做危险运动令人兴奋的事情之一。
one of+复数名词,......之一
1)This is one of the main reasons that he goes to Shanghai University. (reason)
这是他去上海大学的原因之一。
2)One of the common things is that we are students.（thing）有一个共性我们都是学生。
3.There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents.
因为登山事故,艾伦差点死掉好多次。
因为,由于:because+从句;because of+n.(名词)/pron.(代词)/v.-ing/phrases（短语）
1) Because of rain,it’s very cold.因为下雨很冷。
2)It’s very cold because that it’s raining.因为下雨很冷。
4.He was not ready to die that day.他不想在那天死掉。
be ready to do sth.想(愿意)做某事,准备做某事,否定be not ready to do th.不想(愿意)做某事
1)He’s ready to go home tomorrow. (go)他想明天回家。
2)I’m ready to go to college next year. (go）我准备下年去上大学。
3)We aren’t ready to meet him today.(meet)今天我们不想去见他。
5.His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. 他对爬山极度热爱,以至于这次事故之后仍坚持爬山。
so+adj./adv.+that... 如此......以至于......
1)He is so young that he can’t look after himself他那么小以至于不能照顾他自己。
2)Dao Liangyu runs so fast that no one can win him.
刀亮宇跑得如此快,以至于没人能跑赢他。
keep on doing sth. 继续/坚持做某事
1)We should keep on (learn)我们应该坚持学习。
Unit 2 I’ ll help to clean up the city parks.
一、重点短语
Section A 1a-1c
1.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净,打扫
2.cheer up=make...happier使......振奋,(使)变得更高兴
3.give out =hand out分发;散发
4.volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事
5.at the food bank 在食品站,在粮仓,在食品救济站
6.an after-school study program 课后学习计划/项目
句型：
1.I’ll help to clean up the city parks. 我将帮忙打扫城市公园。
(1)帮助做某人做某事help (to) do sth.
(2)一般将来时:主语+will+v-原形
I will go to the concert this evening.(go)今晚我打算去参加音乐会。
2.I hope to work outside.我希望到外面工作。
wish和hope的区别:两者都表示“希望”,都可接动词不定式。
wish表示难以实现的愿望;而hope表示有可能实现的愿望。
希望做某事 hope to do sth.;wish to do sth.
1)I wish that I can fly. 我希望我会飞。
2)I hope to study at home every day. (study）我希望每天都能在家学习。
Section A 2a-2d
7.come up with=think up想出
8.put off 推迟;延迟
9.make a plan 做出计划,制定计划
10.put up 张贴;建造;举起
11.call up=ring up打电话;召集
12.an old people’s home 养老院
13.help out with帮忙做某事,帮助解决困难
14.talk to/with+人,和......说/交流/倾诉
15.talk about+物,谈论(某物)
16.care for=look after=take care of 关心;照顾
句型：
2b 1.We need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up.
我们需要想出一个计划来告诉人们关于城市公园清扫的事。
need to do sth. 需要做某事(主动),need doing sth.需要被做........(被动)
1)We need to eat breakfast every morning. (eat)我们需要每天早上吃早点。
2)The trees need watering every day. (water)树需要每天浇水。
2.We could each call up 10 students and ask them to come.
我们每个人可以打电话给十个同学,叫他们来参加。
ask sb. to do sth.告诉/叫某人做某事,否定形式为ask sb. not to do sth. 告诉/叫某人不要做某事
1)You must ask your son to work hard at school. (work)你必须叫你儿子在学校努力学习。
2d 3.They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
他们告诉我有关过去的事和生活。
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
1)The weather used to change a lot.(change) 过去天气经常变化。
4.A lot of people are lonely.许多人很孤独。
alone和lonely的区别:alone可作形容词,也可作副词,“单独,独自一人”
lonely作形容词,“孤独的,寂寞的”,指内心的孤独寂寞。
The old man lives alone in the mountains, but he never feels lonely.
这个老头独自一个人生活在山里,但是他从不寂寞。
Section A 3a-3c
17.give up放弃
18.多了解learn more about/ of
19.get (such) a strong feeling of satisfaction产生出(那么)一种强烈的满足感
20.by oneself=alone独自,单独
21.at the age of 在......岁时
22. try out 试用;试行(try out for参加选拔)
23.after-school reading program课外阅读计划/项目
24.go on a different journey with each new book每读一本新书就像在进行一次不同的旅程
e true实现
26.at the same time同时
27.work for 为......工作;为......效力
28.learn to do sth. 学会做某事,学习做某事
3a.1.“It’s hard work,”he says, “but I want to learn more about how to care for animals.
“这份工作很艰辛”,他说,“但是我想了解更多怎样照顾动物的知识。”
该怎么做某事:how to do sth. +做的对象;what to do sth.不跟做的对象
1)I want to know how to drive a car.(drive)我想知道该怎样开车。
2)I want to know what to drive.(drive)我想知道该怎样开车。
2.Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.在这儿当志愿者对我来说是梦想成真。
动名词做主语(v-ing)，相当于第三人称单数，谓语动词用单三。
1）Reading aloud is a good way to learn English well.（be）朗读是学好英语的一种好方法。
2)Running every morning makes us strong.（make）每天早上跑步可以使我们变得强壮。
3.I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.（what引导的宾语从句，作do的宾语）
我可以做我喜欢的事情也可以帮助别人。
Grammar Focus
29.hand out notices散发通告/通知单
30.around the school在学校附近
31.get good jobs得到好的工作
32.make lots of money赚很多钱,挣很多钱
33.free time业余时间,空闲时间
34.think about/of想着/起,认为,考虑,思考
35.for example比如;例如
36.raise money for= collect money for 为......筹钱/募捐
37.for a few months to a year几个月到一年
38.move to搬到
39.travel alone独自旅行
Grammar Focus
1.I’d like to help homeless people.我想帮助无家可归的人。
形容词否定后缀-less,help―helpless无助的;meaning―meaningless毫无意义的; care ―careless粗心的;sleep―sleepless失眠的;use―useless无用的;hope―hopeless毫无希望的,绝望的;......
4b 2.Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of money. 现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工作而着急
be worried about doing sth.担心做某事
We are always worried about getting bad grades at school.(get)
我们总是担心在学校取得不好的成绩。
3.Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way to spend our free time.
抽出我们的时间来帮助人们是打发业余时间的的一种好方法。
be a good way to do sth. 做某事的好方法
Helping others is a good way to help ourselves.(help)帮助别人是帮助自己的一种好方法。
4.For example, we can make plans to help sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.
例如,我们可以制定计划去帮助医院里生病的孩子们或者为无家可归的人们募集捐款。
制定计划做某事,计划做某事make plans to do sth./make a plan to do sth./ plan to do sth.
You should make plans to build an apartment.(build)你应该计划盖一栋公寓。
5.Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year to move to another place.有的人甚至辞职几个月到一年搬到其他的地方。
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事;stop doing sth.停止正在做的事(不要做)
“Stop talking! Let’s begin our class.”the teacher said. （talk)
语法：
一 动词不定式
1.基本形式 “to+动词原形”，常写作to do(有时to可以省略)，否定形式为not to do 。
2.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
3.动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
【作主语】：1.一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。
为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，往往用it 代替不定式作形式主语，而将不定式放在后面作真正的主语。
It’s very useful to learn foreign languages.学外语很有用。
不定式做主语，一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数。
To learn English is very important.
【作宾语】：主语+谓语 + to do
1.不定式常出现在一些及物动词后，构成动词短语。
如：want to do, plan to do, agree to do, learn to do 等。
2.“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式
与特殊疑问词连用：放在what, which, where, when, who, how等词之后。
He don’t know how to answer this question.
常用it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语
I find it helpful to do exercise.我认为锻炼很有帮助
【作宾语补足语】
常接不定式作宾语补足语的词有tell, ask, want, teach, allow, promise, order, advise, expect, wish, invite, encourage 等。
他们请他在宴会上唱一首流行歌曲。They asked him to sing a pop song at the party.
【作表语】
1.主语是不定式(表条件)；表语也是不定式(表结果)
工作意味着谋生。To work means to earn a living．
2.动词不定式做表语常用于以下结构：
My job/ dream/goal/aim is…
His aim is to study abroad in the near future．
【作定语】：不定式作定语应放于被修饰词之后。
我想吃点东西。I want to have something to eat.
【作目的状语】
动词不定式可表示某一动作或状态的目的，位于句首或句尾。
She raised her voice to be heard better.
短语动词：
1.动词加副词(副词：out,up,down,away,off,in,along,可作及物或者不及物）
give out give up put off fix up
2.动词+介词(相当于及物动词，介词之后必须有宾语）
care for look after look for
3.动词+副词+介词(相当于及物动词，介词之后必须有宾语)
come up with run out of look forward to
4.动词+名词
take a walk take place
5.动词+名词+介词(相当于及物动词，介词之后必须有宾语)
take care of make friends with
6.be+adj.+介词(相当于及物动词，介词之后必须有宾语)
be good for be interested in
Section B 1a-1e
40.用完run out of=use up
41.take after与......相像;像
42.fix up 修理;修补;解决
43. give away 赠送;捐赠
44.be similar to与... 相似
Section B 2a-Self Check
45.make it+adj.+for sb. to do sth.使某人做某事是...的
46.set up建立,建起,设立
47.disabled people 残疾人
48.make a difference 影响;有作用，make a big difference 对某人影响很大
49.imagine doing sth.想象做某事
50.have difficulty in doing sth.做某事有困难
51.help sb. out帮助某人走出困境,帮助某人解决难题
52.get sb. a special trained dog给某人一条经过特训的狗
53.be able to do sth.=can 能够
54.be excited about做某事兴奋
55.be strong in擅长
56.feel (very) lucky to do sth. 做某事感到很幸运
58.be free to do sth.随心所欲/自由/有空做某事
句型：
3b I like to…so I think I’d be good at this job.我喜欢......所以认为我善于做好这份工作。
1.be good at =do well in 做得好......,擅长于.....
Dao Yunkun is good at/does well in English.刀云坤擅长于英语。
2.be good for对......有益 be bad for对......有害
Playing sports is good for your health.做运动有益于你的健康。
3.be good to sb. 对......友好/和蔼=be kind to sb./be friendly to sb.
She is good/kind/friendly to her son.她对她儿子很好。
4.be good with =get on well with=get along well with 和某人和睦相处
We are good with/get on well with /get along well with each other.我们彼此和睦相处。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room
一、重点短语
Section A 1a-1c
1.do the dishes =wash the dishes洗餐具,洗碗
2.take out the rubbish=take out the trash 倒垃圾
3.fold one’s /the clothes 叠衣服（one’s用形容词性物主代词）
4.sweep/clean the floor 扫地
5.make one’s/the bed 整理床铺（one’s用形容词性物主代词)
6.clean the living room=clean the sitting room打扫客厅
Section A 2a-2d
7.go out for dinner 出去吃饭
8.go to the movies =go to the cinema =watch a movie=watch movies=see a film看电影
9.stay out late 在外面待到很晚
10.get a ride 搭车,搭便车
11.work on 从事,忙于
12.help out with 帮忙,解决,帮忙......摆脱困境
13.at least至少
14.at most 至多
15.be back from =come back from /get back from/return from 从......回来
16.any minute now 随时
句型：
2d 1.Could I at least finish watching this show 可以至少让我看完这个电视节目吧？
finish doing sth 做完某事,完成某事
1)I’ll finish cleaning the floor right away.(clean)我将立刻扫完地。
2)You must finish reading in ten minutes.(read）你必须10分钟之内读完。
2.I think two hours of TV is enough for you.我认为看两个小时的电视对你来说够了。
表示时间、距离、金钱、度量等词做主语,谓语动词用单三。
Ten kilometers is a long way to walk.(be)10公里要走很长的一段路。
3.And She won’ t be happy if she sees this mess.如果她看到这样乱七八糟的话，她会不高兴的。
以if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时,先发生的动作用一般现在时,后发生的动作用一般将来时,即主将从现。
I will teach Chinese if there aren’t enough Chinese teachers.(teach)
如果语文老师不够,我就教语文。
Section A 3a-3c
17.solve the problem 解决问题
e home from school 放学回家
19.throw down 扔下,丢下
e over 过来，顺路拜访
21.be angry with=be mad at生某人的气
22.take the dog for a walk 遛狗
23.help out around the house在家帮忙,帮忙做家务
24.all the time=一直;总是
25.talk/shout back 大声回应,顶撞,回嘴
26.walk away=go away 走开
27.at last=in the end=finally最后
e home from work下班回家
29.in surprise 惊讶地
30.share the housework 分担家务
31.neither of两者都不
32.as soon as=the minute 一......就......(主将从现）
句型：
3a 1.For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.
整整一周,她什么家务活都不干了,我也一样。
倒装句:表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者。(两个主语,指的不是同一个人或物时,主谓语倒装;主语指的是同一个人或物,表强调事实的确如此时主谓语不倒装;前后时态要一致。)结构为:
So(肯定句) be(am/is/are/was/were)
Nor /Neither + 情态动词can/must/should/could等 +主语。
(否定句) 助动词will/would/do/does/did/have/has/had等
1)She’s a student. So am I. 她是一名学生,我也是。
2)She didn’t go home yesterday. Neither did he.昨天她没有回家,他也没有回家。
3)They can speak English. So can we. 他们会讲英语,我们也会。
4)She’s very beautiful,so she is.她很漂亮,是呀,的确很漂亮。
3b 2.Neither of us did any housework for a week.一星期以来，我们两个都不做家务。
Neither of 做代词讲,做主语时,谓语动词用单三(第三人称单数)。
1)Neither of us teaches Chinese.(teach)我们两一个都不教语文。
2)Neither of them wants to watch a video.(watch)他们一个都不想看录像。
Grammar Focus-4c
33.当然of course=sure=certainly
34.hate/doing to do sth.讨厌做某事
35.lend ...to sb.借给某人
36.borrow ...from ...向某人借钱
37.do chores 做杂物,做家
4a 1.Could I borrow that book 我可以借那本书吗？
Could you lend me some money 你可以借给我一些钱吗？
borrow和lend的区别:
borrow(borrowed,borrowed)借,相对于主语来说,是“借进”,常用于短语borrow from...,向......借
lend(lent,lent)借,相对于主语来说,是“借出”,常用于短语lend ...to...,借给某人
keep 延续性动词 可与一段时间连用 keep for 加一段时间保留，保存
1)I borrowed the car from him yesterday.我昨天跟他借的车。
2)He lent the car to me yesterday.他昨天把车借给了我。
2. I’m trying not to get it wet.我会设法不让它湿。
try to do sth. 设法做/努力做/千方百计做某事；try (not) to do sth.设法/努力/千方百计不要做某事
1)Let’s try to understand the questions.(understand)让我们设法理解这些问题。
2)I’ll try not to keep a bird.( not keep)我将努力不再养鸟。
4b 12.I hate to do chores.我讨厌做杂务。
（1）hate to do sth.该动作通常是一个具体或一次性特指的动作;
（2）hate doing sth.该动作是一个表示习惯性或经常性不具体的动作。
1)He hates to swim in a such rainy day.(swim)他讨厌在这种雨天里游泳。
2)Mary hates swimming in spring.（swim)玛丽讨厌春天游泳。
Unit3语法：
情态动词could用法
情态动词could构成的句型可用于向对方委婉的提出请求或征求对方的许可。它本身不能作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。could可以用can代替，但是could更委婉，答语避免使用could来回答。
1.用于委婉地请求别人做事情
常用句型：Could you (please) do sth.
肯定答语：OK、Certainly、of course、No problem、sure、With pleasure
否定答语：Sorry,I can’t. I have to.../ I’m afraid not. I have to...
2.常用于委婉地请求别人允许自己做事情
常用句型：Could I do sth.
肯定回答：Yes，you can./Certainly./Yes,please.
否定答语：Sorry,you can’t./I’m afraid you can’t.
Section B 1a-1e
38.invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事
39.invite sb. to sp.邀请某人到某地
Section B 2a-Self Check
40.have time do sth.有时间做某事
41.a waste of time浪费时间
42.in order to (do sth.)为了做......
43.get good grades取得好成绩/优异的成绩
44.get into a good university考上一所好的大学
45.provide a clean and comfortable environment for sb.为某人提供一个干净舒适的环境
46.provide...for sb. 为......提供......
47.provide sb. with为......提供......
48.depend on依赖,依靠,取决于
49.look after/take care of/care for照顾/照看
50.do one’s part in尽某人的职责做某事
51.as a result 结果（是）
100.feel ill 感到恶心,生病
101.agree with同意,赞成
102.disagree with 不同意
103.for example例如
104.be stressed out=get stressed out
二、重点句型及知识点
Section B
2b 1.I don’t understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home.
我不能理解为什么有的家长让孩子在家里帮忙做家务。
make sb./sth do sth. 使得某人或某物做某事,让某人或某物做某事
1)He always makes his brother cry.(cry)他总是惹得他的弟弟哭。
2.They don’t have time to study and do housework,too.他们也没有时间学习和做作业。
have time to do sth. 有时间做某事
1)Tom had time to go fishing last Sunday.(go)汤姆上星期天有时间去钓鱼。
3.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university.为了取得优异的成绩和进入一所好的大学
(1)spend主语是人：spend time／money on sth.在……上耗费时间（金钱）
spend time／money(in)doing sth.耗费时间（金钱）
cost 的主语是物也可以表明“值” sth.costs(sb.)＋金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱。
take 主语是 it It takes sb.＋时间＋to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间。
pay 的主语是人： pay(sb.)money for sth.付钱（给某人） 买……。
1)You must spend a lot of time on your schoolwork.你必须花大量的时间在学业上。
2)I should spend a lot of time (in) learning.(learn)我应该花大量的时间学习。
（2）in order to do sth. 为了做某事
1)We should work hard in order to get good grades.(get)
为了取得好成绩,我们应该努力学习。
4.Also, when they get older, they will have to do housework so there is no need for them to do it now.而且,当他们长大后,他们就必须要做家务,因此他们现在没有必要做家务。
There is no need for sb. to do sth.对某人来说没有必要做某事
1)There is no need for us to give up our schoolwork.(give)我们没有必要放弃学业。
5.It’s the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.
在家里为孩子们提供一个干净舒适的家是家长的职责。
It’s sb’s job to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责(sb’s用形容词性物主代词）
1)It’s my job to teach you to look after yourselves.(teach)
教你们学会照顾好自己是我的职责。
6.And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult.反正,我认为做家务并非那么难。
doing chores做家务,动名词做主语,谓语动词用单三/数。
1)Playing games is interesting.(be)玩电子游戏很有趣。
7.I don’t mind doing them. 我不介意做家务。 mind doing sth. 介意做某事
1)I mind drinking.(drink)我介意喝酒。
8.I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.我认为孩子们学会怎样做家务琐事和帮助父母料理家务很重要。
It is +adj. for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事......;
否定形式为It’s+not +adj. for sb. to do sth.或 It’s +adj. for sb. not to do sth.做某事不......
1)It’s interesting for children to play computer games.(play)
对孩子们来说,玩电子游戏很有趣。
9.They are always asking “ can you get this for me ”
他们老是问:“你能帮我弄弄这个吗？”
be always doing sth. 老是做某事,总是做某事
1)My little brother is always making me angry.(make)我弟弟老是让我生气。
11.The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.
孩子们越早学会独立,对他们的将来就越好。
1)learn to do sth. 学会做......,学习做......;
2)the+比较级......,the+比较级...... 越来......越......
1)They should learn to live.(live)他们应该学会生存。
2)We should learn to sing the song.(sing)我们应该学会唱这首歌。
3)The more you learn,the more you want to learn.你学到的越多,越想学。
4)The more I know him,the better I can get on with him.(good)
我越了解他,越能更好地和他相处。
补充12.常见的接动词ing的句型:
1.like/love doing sth.喜欢做某事,侧重于经常性习惯性爱好
I like wearing red coat very much.(wear)我非常喜欢穿红色的外衣。
2.hate doing sth.讨厌做某事,该动作是一个表示习惯性或经常性不具体的动作。
I hate keeping a dog.(keep)我讨厌养狗。
3.begin/start doing sth.开始做某,侧重于持续性的开始,从过去开始一直持续下去。
I began learning English in 2000.(learn)我在2000年开始学习英语。
4.be halfway to doing sth.做了一半,完成了一半
I am halfway to finishing my work.(finish)我的工作完成了一半。
5.enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做...... I enjoy reading book. (read)我喜欢看书。
6.practice doing sth.练习做......
You must practice speaking Putonghua every day.(speak)你必须每天练习讲普通话。
7.keep on doing sth. 继续/一直/坚持做......
Let’s keep on finding out where is MH370.让我们继续找MH370在哪里吧。
8.mind doing sth.介意做....../mind sb. doing sth.介意某人做某事
Would you mind opening the door (open)你介意开门吗？
9.be busy doing sth. 忙于做......
He’s busy making a boat now.(make) 他们正忙于造一艘船。
10.have fun /have good time/have a wonderful time/have a great time/have a good day doing sth. 很高兴做某事
I had fun feeding the chickens on the farm.(feed)在农场喂小鸡我很开心。
11.feel like doing sth. 想要做......
Song Zhongji feels like travelling in China very much. (travel)
宋仲基非常想到中国旅游。
12.look forward to doing sth. 盼望做.....
I look forward to going Huangguoshu Waterfall again.(go)我期待着再次到黄果树瀑布。
13.can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做(情不自禁)做......
As soon as he saw his mom he couldn’t help crying.(help)
他一看到他的妈妈就情不自禁的哭了起来。
14.finish doing sth.完成（结束）......
I will finish watching at 10:00 this evening.（watch）今晚我将在10:00看完电视。
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents
一、重点短语
Section A 1a-1c
1.跟某人说/交流/倾诉talk to/with+人
2.谈论talk about+物
3.足够的睡眠 get enough sleep
4.和某人闲逛hang out with sb.
5.课外辅导班after-school classes
6.和某人吵架get into a fight with sb.=have a fight with sb.
7.怎么啦？What’s wrong/up =What’s the matter/problem/trouble
8.去睡觉go to sleep=go to bed=fall asleep
9.allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 allow sb. doing允许做某事
课题 1.Why don’t you talk to your parents 为什么不跟你的父母说说呢？
Why don’t you= Why not +v-原形,为什么不做某事,肯定回答用Good idea./Sounds great./Not bad.
1)Why don’t you/Why not go home (go)为什么不回家？
2)Why don’t you /not go swimming (go)为什么不去游泳？、
Section A
1a 1. I have do study too much so I don’t get enough sleep.
我不得不学太多的东西,所以我睡眠不足。
必须 have to 强调客观上的需要,有人称和数的变化。 否定用don’t have to不必,不需要
must 主观上的必要,无人称、数和时态的变化。 mustn’t 禁止,不可以
1)I have to do my homework first.（do)我首先得做家庭作业。
2)I must go to school now.(go)我现在必须去学校。
3.I have too much homework so I don’t have any free time to do things I like.
我有太多的作业要做,因此我没任何空闲时间做我喜欢的事。
too much+不可数名词,表程度(放在行为动词后面)许多,太多;
too many +复数名词,许多,太多
much too+adj./adv.太
many too ×没有这种表达
have time to do sth.有时间做某事(have free /no time to do sth.有空/没有时间做某事）
1)The children depend on their parents too much.孩子们过于依赖父母。
3)I have too many books in my bedroom.我的卧室里面有很多书。
4)We are much too tired these days.如今我们都很累。
5)I have time to play chess.(play)我有时间下棋。
6)We have free time to play sports on weekends.(play)周末我们有时间做运动。
7)We have no time to go fishing this weekend.(go)这个周末我们没有时间去钓鱼。
4.My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends.我父母不让我和朋友去闲逛。
allow sb. to do sth.允许某人去做某事(明确是谁允许做);allow doing sth.允许做某事(不明确是谁允许做)
1)My mother allows me to go out in the evening.(go)我妈妈允许我夜里外出。
2)They allow their sons to go swimming in summer vacation.(go)他们允许他们的儿子暑假去游泳。
Section A 2a-2d
10.给某人写一封信write sb. a letter=write a letter to sb.(write him a letter给他写一封信)
11.给某人打电话call sb. up=give sb. a call
12.以便so that
13.在通话,在电话上on the phone
14.浏览,翻看,快速的查看look through
15.归还某人give...back to sb.=return
16.一件重要的事a big deal
17.没什么大不了的It’s not a big deal.
18.你说得对。You’re right.
19.No problem.=You’re welcome.=That’s all right. =That’s OK.=Not at all. =It's my pleasure.= My pleasure. 不用谢,不客气。
20.解决work out
句型：
2d 1.I found my sister looking through my things yesterday.
昨天我发现我的姐姐正在翻我的东西。
find sb./ sth. doing sth. 发现某人/或某物正在做某事
1)I found my brother eating snacks just now.(eat)刚才我发现我的哥哥正在吃零食。
2)He found his dog taking away his shoes.(take)他发现他的狗正在把他的鞋子叼走。
2. I guess you could tell her to say sorry.我想你可以叫她向你道歉
tell sb. to do sth.告诉人做某事,否定形式为tell sb. not to do. sth 告诉某人不要做某事
1)He told me not to go swimming in the river.（not go) 他叫我不要去河里游泳。
2)Jim tells me to work hard at school.(work)吉姆告诉我在学校要努力学习。
Section A 3a-3c
21.和某人相处得好/和睦相处get on with sb.=get along with sb.
22.经常争吵/吵架fight a lot
23.笼罩,挂在......上hang over
24.对某人很好be nice to sb.
25.be nervous about对...担忧
26.offer to do sth.主动做某事 offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.提供给某人某物
27.和某人交流communicate with sb.
28.explain sth. to sb.向某人解释某事
29.同意,赞成agree with
30.不同意disagree with
句型3a.
1.He always refuse to let me watch my favorite TV show.他总是不让我看我喜欢看的电视节目。
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事,不让做某事
He refused to go with me.(go)他不跟我去。
2.It’s not easy being your age, and it’s normal to have these feelings.
你这年龄的人不容易,有这些想法很正常。
It’s +adj. to do sth. 做某事怎么样;It’s not +adj. to do sth. 做某事不怎么样
1)It’s not easy to learn math well.(learn)学好数学不容易。
2)It’s interesting to keep a pet.(keep) 饲养宠物很有趣。
3.If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help.
如果你的父母有矛盾,你应该主动帮忙。offer to do sth. 主动做......;主动提出做某事
1)I’ll offer to buy tickets.(buy)我帮忙买票。
Section A Grammar Focus-4c
31.担心,担忧be worried about
32.临时抱佛脚做某事wait until the last minute to do sth.
33.直到......才...... not ...until...
34.为了考试而学习,备考study for a test
35.抄袭某人的作业copy one’s homework
36.饲养宠物have a pet=keep a pet
37.就做你自己just be yourself
38.害怕be afraid of
Grammar focus
What should I do 我该怎么办呢？
情态动词could和should的用法(后接动词原形)
could①can的过去式,能,会
1)He could go swimming when he was 6.（go)他6岁时就会游泳。
2)I could drive a car in 2008.(drive)我2008年就会开车。
②表委婉地请求或建议别人做某事,能,会
1)Could you please say it again (say)请你再说一遍好吗？
2)Could you come to my birthday party (come)你能来参加我的生日聚会吗？
③表推测,可能,会
1)I could come late.(come)我可能会晚些来。
2)I could go home tomorrow.(go)明天我可能会回家。
should①给某人忠告和加强语气,应该
1)You should go to the doctor.(go)你应该去看医生。
2)We should go and find out why.(go)我们应该去找出原因。
②表推测,应该
1)They should come back before 9:00 p.m..(come)他们应该晚上9:00之前回来。
2)They should get home now.(get)他们现在应该到家了。
③用于征询建议、询问对方
1)What should I do (do)我该怎么做？
2)What should she do (do)她该怎么做？
4a 1.You shouldn’t wait until the last minute to study for a test.
你不应该直到最后一分钟才去复习备考;你不应该临时抱佛脚去备考。
直到......才...... not... until...
1)I won’t go to bed until you get home.你不回家我不睡觉。
2)She didn’t go to school until her mom came home.她直到她妈回来才去上学。
4c 2.You are afraid of speaking in front of people.你害怕在众人面前讲话。
(1)be afraid of +n./v-ing/pron.害怕(做)某事(2)be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事
1)The girls are afraid of snakes.女孩们怕蛇。
2)Li Li is afraid of dogs.李丽害怕狗。
3)I’m afraid of singing in class.(sing)我害怕在课堂上唱歌。
4)Tom is afraid of hearing the ghost.(hear)汤姆害怕听到鬼。
5)The little boy is afraid to stay at home alone.(stay)这个小男孩害怕独自一人在家。
常用的提建议的句型
1.Why don't you do sth. = Why not do sth.？你为什么不做某事呢？
2.Shall we do sth.？我们做某事好吗？ Let＇s do sth.咱们做某事吧。
3.You'd better (not) dosth.你最好（不）做某事。
4.You should (not) do sth.你（不）应该做某事。
5.You could do sth.你可以做某事。
6.Would you like sth./to do sth.？你想要某物／做某事吗？
7.What/How about(doing) sth.？（做）某事怎么样？
回答建议的常用答语：
肯定答语
Good idea./That's a good idea.
好主意。／那是个好主意。
OK.／All right.／Great.好。
Sounds great.／That sounds good.听起来不错。
No problem.没问题。
Sure.／Of course.／Certainly.当然可以。
Yes,please./Yes,I'd love/like to.好的。／是的，我愿意。
I agree with you.我同意你的看法。
Yes，I think so.是的，我也这样认为。
否定答语
I don＇t think so.我不这样认为。
Sorry，I can＇t.对不起，我不能。
I＇d love／like to，but...我很乐意，但是..····
I＇m afraid...我恐怕······
What a pity！I have to 真遗憾！
二．until，so that 及although 引导的状语从句
1.until 引导的时间状语从句
连词 until 意为“直到······为止；到 时”，引导时间状语句。
主句是肯定句时，其谓语用延续性动词，强调主句的动作或状态一直持续到从句的动作发生，意为“直到 为止”。
Let's wait until the rain stops.
咱们等到雨停吧。
主句是否定句时，其谓语用非延续性动词，强调主句 的 动 作 在 从 句 的 动 作 发 生 之 后 才 开 始 ， 意 为 “ 直到 ······ 才 ” 。
I didn't know the car accident until the policeman told me.直到警察告诉我，我才知道那场车祸
2.so that 引导的目的状语从句和结果状语从句
so that 意为“以便；为了”时，引导目的状语从句，一般放在主句后，且不用逗号隔开。
You'd better take the map with you so that you won＇t get lost.
你最好随身带张地图，这样你就不会迷路了。
so that 意为“因此；所以”时，引导结果状语从句，其前可用逗号。
Jason got up early,so that he caught the earlybus.贾森起得早， 因此赶上了早班车。
3.although 引导的让步状语从句
连词 although 意为“虽然；尽管；即使”，引 导让步状语从句，相当于though。
注意 although／though 和 but 都是连词，但不能同时出现在一个句子中。
Although the traffic was heavy,we got to the railway stationon ti me.尽管交通拥堵，我们还是准时到达了火车站。
You could help Mary although you didn't let her copy your homework.虽然你不让玛丽抄你的家庭作业，但你可以帮助她。
Section B 1a-1e
39.家庭成员family members
40.独自打发/消磨时间spend time alone =spend time by oneself
41.给某人施加很大的压力give sb. a lot of pressure
42.和某人竞争compete with sb.
43.只有成绩,只是成绩just be about grades
44.业余活动,休闲活动free time activities
45.取得更好的成绩get better grades
46.互相 each other
Section B 2a-Self Check
47.上网use the Internet=go online
48.共同/普通的问题common problems
49.学习考试技巧learn exam skills
50.考入一所好的高中,上一所好的高中get into a good high school
51.升入一所好的大学,上一所好的大学get into a good university
52.继续做某事continue doing/to do sth.
53.进行足球训练football training
54.减掉,删除......cut out
55.望子成龙,望女成凤want sb.to be successful
56.和...比较...,比较,对比 compare...with...
57.把......比作...... compare ...to...
58.对某人逼得太紧push sb. so hard 督促某人做某事 push sb. to do sth.
59.给某人带来很大的压力cause a lot of stress for sb.
60.导致某人做某事cause sb. to do sth.
61.和某人争吵argue with sb.
62.turn down关小，调低 常指调低音量等
turn up开大，调高 常指调高音量等
turn on打开（电源，煤气，水）
turn off关闭（电源，煤气，水）
Section B
2b 1. Maybe you should learn to relax!或许你应该学会放松。
学会/学习做某事learn to do sth.
1)I think that I should learn to give up.(give)我想我应该学会放弃。
2)You must learn to look after yourself.(look)你必须学会照顾自己。
2.I take one of my two boys to basketball practice and my daughter to football training.
我带我两个二儿子中的一个去练篮球,带女儿去练足球。
one of+复数名词.其中之一;one of+adj.最高级+复数名词..... 最......之一
1)Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.(big)北京是中国最大的城市之一。
2)Dao Yunkun is one of the most handsome boys in our class.(boy)
刀云坤是我们班最帅的男孩之一。
3)You can take one of the two books on the desk.(book)
桌子上的这两本书你可以拿走其中一本。
3.And they are always comparing them with other children.
他们老是拿自己的孩子和别人家的孩子作比较。
be always doing sth.老是做某事,总是做某事
1)My brother is always crying.(cry)我弟弟老是爱哭。
2)You’re always laughing all day.(laugh)你成天笑嘻嘻的。
Self Check-2 4.You should keep trying to talk to her until she talks to you.
你应该一直设法跟她说话,直到她跟你说为止。 keep doing sth.一直做,坚持做,继续做......
1)We should keep practicing basketball every day.(practice)我们应该坚持每天练习篮球。
2)I will keep writing stories after working.(write)工作后我会坚持写故事。
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came.
一、重点短语
Section A 1a-1c
1.at the time of the rainstorm在暴风雨来临的时候
2.on the street在街上
3.at the bus stop 在公共汽车站,在公交车站(上车交钱)
4.wait for 等候
5.wait for the bus等候公交车
6.walk home= go home on foot 走路回家
7.at the time of=when当......的时候
2a 2. I was so busy looking for the umbrella so that I didn’t see a car coming.
我忙于找伞,车来了都没有注意到。
Section A 2a-2d
8.寻找look for
9.发出响声go off
10.睡醒,唤醒wake up
11.洗热水澡take a hot shower
12.跑向公交车站run to the bus stop
13.错过了公交车miss the bus
14.pick up(pick up the phone)=answer the phone接电话
15.take/have a shower 洗澡
16.at that time在那时
17.so many +复数名词,这/那么多
18.rain heavily下大雨
2a 句型
1. I was so busy looking for the umbrella so that I didn’t see a car coming.
我忙于找伞,车来了都没有注意到。
be busy doing sth.忙于做某事
see sb./sth. doing sth.看到......正在做某事(动作正在进行)
see sb./ sth. do sth.看到......做过/了某事(watch/hear/notice用法类似)
I was busy reading (read) at that time. 那个时候我在忙着阅读。
2)He’s busy watching (watch) TV.我忙着看电视。
3)I saw you playing basketball at 9:00 a.m. yesterday.(play)
昨天早上九点钟我看到你正在打篮球。
4)He often sees Wang Gang cry at home.（cry)他经常看到王刚在家里哭。
Section A 3a-3c
19.strong winds outside外面狂风大作
20.with no light outside=without light outside外面没有光
with+宾语+宾补 表示伴随状态
21.feel like好像,感觉
22.a heavy rainstorm一场猛烈的暴风雨
23.in the area 在这个地区(区域)
24.in the neighborhood 在附近(街区/住宿区/小区/社区)
25.pieces of wood 木片/块
26.make sure 确保;查明;确信;确认;保证
27.put ...on the table 把..放在桌子上
28.beat against... 拍打,敲打……
29.at first =first of all=at the beginning首先
30.finally =at last=in the end最后
31.fall asleep睡着/进入梦乡
32.die down逐渐减弱/消失
33.go outside with sb. 和某人出去
34.in a mess 一团糟,乱七八糟,乱糟糟的，一片混乱
35.fallen trees 倒下的树
36.take...apart分离，分开，拆开
37.in times of 在...时刻
3a 1.Everyone in the neighborhood was busy.小区里的每个人都在忙。
不定代词做主语,相当于第三人称单数,谓语动词用单三。
1)Everyone wants to be the best one in Class 337.(want)在337班每个人都想成为最棒的。
2.Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.
当雨点猛烈地敲打窗户的时候本正在帮助他妈妈做晚饭。
(1)帮助某人做某事:help sb. (to) do sth.和help sb. with sth.;在某人的帮助下with one’s help
1)He always helps me with English.他总是帮助我学习英语。
2)I often help him (to) learn (learn) English. 我经常帮助他学习英语。
3)With my help, Jim pass the English test.在我的帮助下，吉姆顺利通过了英语考试。
(2)开始做某事:begin to do sth.指一件事情的开端,持续与否不重要;begin doing sth.侧重于持续性的开始,从过去开始一直持续下去.(start的用法一样)
1)He began to drink (drink) from 3 years ago. 他三年前就开始喝酒。
2)It began to rain (rain) in March this year. 今年三月份就开始下雨。
3.After that,they tried to play a card game,but it was hard to have fun with a serious storm happening outside.他们试图打牌,但外面暴风风雨太大了很难有心情打牌。
(1)try to do sth. 设法/想方设法/千方百计/努力做某事
(2)It is(was) +adj.+to do sth.做某事怎么样
1)We should try to work (work) hard at school. 我们应该想方设法在学校努力学习。
2)Let’s try to learn (learn）English well. 让我们设法学好英语。
3)It was interesting to learn (learn) Japanese. 学习日语很有趣。
4)It was easy _to find_(find) out why. 找出原因很简单。
Section A Grammar Focus-4c
38.一起车祸a car accident
39.出去go out
40.立刻,马上right away=at once=right now=in a minute
41.到达事故现场get to the place of the accident
42.到达 get to=reach=arrive in(大地点)/at(小地点)
43.严重变形in a bad shape
44.你在开玩笑吧,你简直是在开玩笑。You’re kidding!
Grammar focus
过去进行时
基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内 正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示。
结构 ：was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing
was not 常缩略为wasn’t; were not 常缩略为 weren’t。
句式肯定式：I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They/ were working.
否定式:I/He/She/It was not working. We/You/They/ were not working.
疑问式和简略回答:
Was I working Yes, you were. No, you were not.
Were you working Yes, I was. No, I was not.
Was he/she/it working Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it was not.
Were we/you/they working Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/we/they were not.
一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较:
一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 例如:
David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。)
David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)
while&when的用法:意为“当......时候”
when既可指主从句动作同时发生,又可指主从句动作先后发生,若主从句动作同时发生,且为延续性动词,可与while互换,从句动作还可以指非延续性动词,即短暂性动词(指时间点)
while主从句动作同时发生,且谓语动词为延续性的,主句用一般过去时,从句用过去进行时(指时间段)。
What was Ben doing when it began to rain heavily 开始下暴雨时,本在做什么？
What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping 玛丽睡觉时,珍妮在做什么？
1)The boy was walking down the street when a UFO landed.飞碟着陆时,男孩走在大街上。
Section B 1a-1d
45.by the side of the road 在路边
46.到达公交车站get to the bus stop
47.walk by=go by=pass by走路经过,路过,走过
48.school basketball competition 学校篮球比赛
49.make one’s way to. .前往某地（强调克服重重困难，想方设法到达目的地）
句型
1c Kate waited for someone to walk by.凯特等候有人路过。
wait for sb. to do sth. 等候某人做某事
1)I’m waiting for my brother to go (go) home.我等着哥哥回家。
2)She’s waiting for Wei Jun to go(go) shopping. 她等着魏军去购物。
Section B 2a-Self Check
51.hear the news of听到这个......新闻
52.for example 例如
53.在美国历史上in American history
54.on the radio 通过广播,在收音机里
55.剩下的the rest of
56.in silence 沉默;无声
57.take down 拆除;摧毁
58.tell the truth说实话
59.point out指出
60.对......感到震惊be shocked about
61.消失,走开go away
句型
2b 1.Do You Remember What You Were Doing 你记得你正在做什么吗？
宾语从句用陈述句语序,即:①主语+谓语+宾语；②主语+系动词+表语。
2.In America, for example, many people remember what they were doing on April 4,1968.例如,在美国,许多人记得1968年4月4日这天做的事。
remember to do sth.记得要去做某事(没做);remember doing sth.记得做了/过/某事(做了)【forget】
1)I remembered __taking__(take) out the rubbish.我记得倒过垃圾了。
2)I remembered meeting you in 2018.(meet)我记得2018年的时候见过你。
3)You must remember _to take(take) out the rubbish. 你必须记得去倒垃圾。
4)I’ll remember to bring my story book to you.(bring)我会记得带我的故事书给你。
3.I was so scared that I could hardly think clearly that.我是如此的害怕，以至于神志不清了。so+adj./adv.+ that...如此......以至于.......
1)Tom is so_handsome that everybody likes him.陈翔这么帅,大家都喜欢他。
2c 4. Robert’s parents were shocked to hear the news.
罗伯特的父母亲听到这个新闻感到很震惊。
be shocked to do sth.做......感到很震惊
1)I’m shocked _to see_(see) you again.再次见到你我很震惊。
2)He’s shocked _to get_(get) good grades.取得好成绩他感到很震惊。
2d 5.I had trouble thinking clearly after because I was very afraid.
那之后我因为害怕几乎神志不清。
have trouble /problem/problems/difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事很困难/有麻烦
1)I had trouble (in) understanding my teacher in the past.(understand)
我过去理解不了我的老师。
2)Jim always has trouble (in) listening to the English song.(listen)
吉姆总是听不懂英语歌曲。 Self check 6.While my brother was laughing,the television news reported that other people had seen the light as well.我哥哥在笑的时候,电视新闻报道说其他人也看到了这束光。
“也”:also常用于肯定句中,放在句中;too常用于肯定句中,放在句末,常用逗号隔开; either常用于否定句或疑问句中,放在句末,常用逗号隔开;as well 用于句末,不用逗号隔开,还可译为“还”。
1)I’m also a teacher.我也是一名老师。
2)I’m a teacher ,too.我也是一名老师。
3)He didn’t go to work. I didn’t go to work,either.他没有去上班，我也没去。
4)He can speak English and he knows a little Chinese as well.他会讲英语,还会一点汉语。
10.When I heard my name,my heart was beating so quickly I thought I would stop breathing.当我听到我的名字时,我的心跳得如此厉害我觉得我要停止呼吸了。
stop to do sth. 停下手中的活儿去做另一件事;stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事(不要做)
1）Now let’s stop _to have (have) a rest.现在让我们停下来休息一下吧 。
2）Stop talking_(talk) and listening to me carefully.不要讲话，认真的听我讲。
Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.
一、重点短语
Section A 1a-1c
1.Journey to the West《西游记》
2.Yu Gong Move a Mountain《愚公移山》
3.Hou Yi Shoots the Suns《后羿射日》
4.Nu Wa Repair the Sky《女娲补天》
5.all the earth and stone 所有泥土和石
标题：1.An old man tried to move the mountains .一个老头设法把山移走。
try to do sth. 设法/想方设法/努力/千方百计做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
1)Let’s try to read (read) aloud the new words every day.让我们每天试着朗读新单词。
2)I’ll try to finish (finish) my work tomorrow.我明天设法完成我的工作。
Section A 2a-2d
6.work on从事,忙于
7.take the mountains away把大山搬走,搬走大山
8.remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事 remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某物
9.at last=in the end=finally最后
10.有点(后接adj./adv./不可数名词)a little bit=a bit =a little =kind of
11.代替,反而,而不是rather than (doing sth.)=instead of(doing sth.)
Section A
2b 1.A man saw Yu Gong and his children when they were working on moving the mountains.当他们正忙于挖山时,一个男子看到了他们。
work on doing sth. 忙于做某事,从事.....;be busy with忙于做某事
1)They work on finishing (finish) the work. 他们忙着完成这项工作。
2)I will work on reading (read) this weekend.这个周末我忙着看书。
2.As soon as the man finished talking,Yu Gong said that his family could continue to move the mountains after he died.这个人一说完,愚公就说他死后家人会继续挖山。
①finish doing sth. 做完（完成）某事
1)At last,Yu Gong’s finished moving (move）the mountains.最后,愚公一家把山挖走了。
2)I finished reading (read) the book yesterday morning.我昨天早上把这本书读完了。
②continue to do sth.=go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事
3)I will continue to study (study) after I work.工作后我会继续学习。
4)He continues to cut (cut) down the trees after 6 months.6个月后他继续砍树。
3. Finally ,a god was so moved by Yu Gong that he sent two gods to take the mountains away.最后,上帝被愚公感动了,派了两个神仙把山抬走了。
send sb. to do sth. 派遣某人做某事
1)You should send your son to go to school.(go)你应该送你儿子去上学。
2)I’ll send my sons to go to Beijing University.(go)我打算送我的儿子去上北大。
4.This story reminds us that you can never know what’s possible unless you try to make it happen.这个故事提醒我们,你永远不知道什么是可能的,除非你设法让它发生。
(1)make sb./sth. do sth. 使得/让某人或某物做某事
1)At last,Yu Gong made the mountains move (move).最后,愚公终于把山移走了。
2)I will make you be (be) interested in learning.我会让你对学习感兴趣。
（2）happen 和take place 的区别:happen“发生,碰巧”,一般用于偶然或突发事件;take place“发生,举行,举办”,一般指有原因的发生，或是事先安排好的。
1)How did the accident happen 事故是怎样发生的？
2)It takes place in each Feb. 这个活动在每年的二月份举办。
(3)make sb./sth. +adj. 使得/让某人或某物怎么样
1)He always makes his class interesting.(interest)他总是让他的课充满乐趣。
2)Let’s make the math easy.(ease)让我们把数学弄简单点吧！
5.Yu Gong found a good way to solve his problem.愚公发现了一个解决问题的好方法。
find a good way to do sth. 找到（发现）做某事的好方法
1)I found a good way to learn (learn) English well.我找到一种学好英语的好方法。
2)Tom found a good way to get (get) good grades.汤姆找到一种取得好成绩的好方法。
6.It doesn’t seem very possible to move a mountain.
把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。
seem to do sth.好像/似乎做某事
It seems/seemed that从句 好像
It (doesn’ t seem) seems + adj. to do sth 做某事好像/似乎(不)......
1)It doesn’t seem good to work all day and evening.(work)夜以继日的工作似乎不好。
2)It seems interesting to go swimming in the sea.(go)去海里游泳好像很有趣。
Section A 3a-3c
12.for the first time第一次
13.be able to (do sth.)能够做某事
14.in fact事实上,实际上
15.turn...into =change ...into把......变成......
e out(书、电影等)出版,发行,上映,(花朵)开放,出来
17.more than=over超过,多余
18.become interested in...=be interested in =take an interest in 对……感兴趣
19.help the weak 帮助弱者 the weak弱者 the+形容词表示一类人
20.be weak in在某方面...弱
21.once upon a time=long long ago=a long time ago 从前
3a 1.In November 1979, pupils in England were able to watch a new TV program called Monkey. 在1979年11月,英国的小学生能够看一部叫做猴子的你电视剧。
be(am/is/are) able to do sth.=can[was/were able to do sth.=could]能够做......;会做.....
1)I'm able to speak (speak) English and Chinese.我会讲英语和汉语。
2)He is able to sing (sing) My Heart Will Go on.他会唱《我心永恒》。
2.The Monkey King has excited the children of China for many years.
美猴王让中国的孩子兴奋了好多年。 现在完成时：主语+have/has +v-过去分词
1)I have taught English for 10 years.(teach)我已经教英语10年了。
2)He has been a great actor for 2 years.(be)他已经成为一名优秀演员2年了。
3.And as soon as the TV program came out more than 30 years ago, Western children became interested in reading this story because the clever Monkey King keeps fighting to help the weak and never give up.30多年前这个电视节目一上映,西方国家的孩子们就对这个故事产生了阅读的兴趣,因为聪明的美猴王一直在为帮助弱者而斗争,而且永不言弃。
①对......感兴趣become interested in doing sth.=be interested in doing sth. =take an interest in doing sth.
②keep doing sth.继续做,坚持做某事
1)They always becomes interested in telling stories.(tell)他们一直对讲故事感兴趣。
2)The children become interested in learning now.(learn) 现在孩子们对学习有兴趣了。
3)Let’s keep climbing the mountains.(climb)让我们继续爬山吧。
4)You should keep running every morning.(run)你应该每天早上坚持跑步。
Section A Grammar Focus-4c
22.为......做一件衣服/礼服make a dress for sb.
23.爱上be in love with=fall in love with
24.合脚fit the shoe
25.get married结婚(get married to sb.和某人结婚)
26.all over the world =around the world 全世界,世界各地、
unless引导的条件状语从句
unless是连词，意思是除非，如果不。相当于if...not。时态遵循“主将从现”原则。
Unless you work hard,you will not succeed.=If you don’t work hard,you will not succeed.如果你不好好努力，你就不会成功。
as soon as引导的时间状语从句适用于下列原则：主将从现，主过从过，主现从现。
意为“一...就”，时态遵循主将从现原则。
As soon as we arrive,we will go on a tour of the city.我们一到就会去游览这个城市。
so... that引导结果状语从句
意为“如此……以至于……”so后面接形容词或者副词，that后面接句子。
Sometimes he makes the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear.
有时候他把棍子变得如此的小以至于他能把它放在耳朵里。
13.Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side.这些山那么大,走到山的那边需要花很长时间。
(1)so ... that表示“如此……以至于……”,常用于引导结果状语从句。常见结构为“so +形容词/副词+ that从句”或“so +形容词+ a / an +单数名词+ that从句”。
(2)“花费”问题
take(took,taken) 花费时间(it作形式主语) It takes (took) sb. some time to do sth.
spend(spent,spent) 花费时间、金钱做某事(主语为人) spend ...on +物spend ...(in) doing sth.
spend ...with+人
cost(cost,cost) 花费金钱(主语为物) ... costs sb. some money
pay(paid,paid) 付款(主语为人) ...pays some money for sth. 或pay for
1)It takes me 30 minutes to go to 38.到38花了我30分钟。
2)He spent 5 yuan in mending his bike.修自行车花了他5元。
3)I will spend three hours with my son each weekend.
每个周末我会花三个小时的时间和儿子一起度过。
4)I will pay for this meal. 这顿饭我付钱。
5)It cost me 10 yuan.它花了我10元。
6)Jim spent 15 yuan on the pen.这支钢笔花了吉姆15元。
14. He can’t turn himself into a person unless he can hide his tail.
除非他能把尾巴藏起来，否则他不能变成一个人。
4a 15.She was so busy that she had no time to make a dress for the party.
她如此繁忙以至于没时间为聚会做裙子。 没有时间做某事have no time to do sth.
1)I often have no time to play sports.(play)我经常没有时间做运动。
2)I’ll have no time to play basketball next week.(play)下周我将没有时间打篮球。
Section B 1a-1d
27.must=have to+v-原形，必须
28.keep sth. for sb. 将......占为/据为己有
29.cheat the emperor欺骗皇帝,蒙骗国王
30.make special clothes for sb.为某人制作特殊的衣服
Section B 2a-Self Check
31.Sleeping Beauty《睡美人》
32.Little Red Riding Hood 《小红帽》
33.Hansel and Gretel《韩赛尔与葛雷特》/《糖果屋》
34.tell the/a story 讲故事
35.the rest of the story 故事的其余部分,剩余的故事
36.和某人一起生活在森林附近live near a fores
37.别担心,别着急。Don’t worry.
38.出去,外出go outside
39.在月光下in the moonlight
40.直到......才...... not... until...
41.沿路,沿途along the way
42.迷路be lost=get lost
43.回来come back=return=be beck
44.find one’ s way out找到某人出去的路
45.be made of 由......制造(成品可见原材料,属于物理变化)
46.be made from 由......制造（成品不可见原材料,属于化学变化）
47.be made in 在某地制造
48.walk all over the city=walk around the city游城
Section B
2b 1.The wife told her husband that unless he left the children to die in the forest,the whole family would die妻子告诉丈夫如果不把孩子们扔到森林里任其自生自灭,全家人都会死。
(1)辨析: whole强调整体上,the whole +名词; all强调全部(侧重于数量上)all the +名词... ;
(2)leave sb. to do sth.让(听任)某人做某事
1)All the students got good grades in the exam.这次考试所有学生都考得好。
2)The whole family would die. 全家人都会死。
3)I want to leave you to learn alone.(learn)我要让你一个人独自学习。
4)You shouldn’t leave your son to stay at home by himself.(stay)
你不应该把你儿子独自留在家里。
2.Gretel heard this, and Hansel made a plan to save himself and his sister.
葛雷特听到了这个消息,韩塞尔制定了一个计划来拯救自己和妹妹。
make a plan to do sth.(制定)计划做某事
1)You must make a plan to learn (learn).你必须制定一个学习计划。
2)I will make a plan to have (have) a party.我将计划举办一个聚会。
3. Did you hear our stepmother planning to kill us
你听到我们的继母正在计划要杀死我们了吗？
①hear sb./sth. doing sth. 听到某人或某物正在做某事(动作正在发生);hear sb./sth. do sth.听到某人做了/过某事(过程),notice,see和watch用法一样。
1)I heard you crying (cry) at 9:00 last night.昨晚9:00我听到你正在哭。
2)He said to me,I heard you have Chinese class in 2006.(teach)
他对我说,“2006年我听过你上语文课”。
②plan to do sth. 计划做某事;打算做某事
1)I’ll plan to go fishing tomorrow.(go)我打算明天去钓鱼。
2)He plans to work hard every day.(work)他计划每天努力工作。
4.What a long time you slept in the forest!你们在森里里睡了多么久的啊！
感叹句①用法:用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子,句末用“！”。
(1)由what引导的感叹句
What+ a (形容词以辅音因素开始发音)+adj. +单数名词+主语+谓语+！
What+an (形容词以元音因素开始发音)+adj. +单数名词+主语+谓语+！
1)What a beautiful girl she is !她是个多么漂亮的女孩啊！
3)What an important person (人) he is！他是个多么重要的人啊！
(2)What + adj. (形容词)+复数名词或不可数名词+主语+谓语+！
1)What good information it is !这是多么好的信息啊！
2)What useful news it is !这是多么有用的新闻啊！
(3）由how引导的感叹句
How +adj.(形容词)/adv.(副词)+主语+谓语+！
1)How fast they run！他们跑得多么的快啊！
2)How happily the girls laugh!这些女孩笑得多么愉快啊！
③选用感叹句引导词做题技巧:选用引导词what 还是how,关键要看主语(或!)前面的这个词是名词、形容词,还是副词,若这个词是名词就用引导词what;若这个词是形容词或副词,则用引导词how来引导。
5. It’s leading us to that wonderful house made of bread,cake,and candy.
它把我们带到了如此神奇的房子前——用面包、蛋糕和糖果做成的房子。
1)be made of由......制造(成品可见原材料,物理变化);2)be made from由......制造(成品不可见原材料,化学变化);3)be made in 在某地制造
1)The watch is made in Kunming.（在......制造）这块表是昆明制造的。
2)His pen is made in Puer.(在......制造）他的钢笔是普洱制造的。
3)The paper is made from wood.(由......制造）纸是木头做的。
4)The rice noodles are made from rice.(由......制造） 米线是用米做的。
5)The books are made of paper.(由......制造）书是用纸做的。
6)The desks are made of wood.(由......制造）桌子是用木头做的。
6.Then they heard an old woman’s voice from inside the house.
这时,他们听到屋子里传来老妇人的声音。
辨析:
voice 指嗓音
sound指自然界里的任何声音
noise指“噪音”、“喧闹声”,常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声
1)My cousin has a beautiful voice. 我的表哥有一副好嗓音。
2)He heard a strange sound yesterday evening.昨晚他听到一个奇怪的声音。
3)Don’t make any noise!别吵闹!
4))e has an accent of Xiaojinggu.他带有小景谷口音。
7.Who is brave enough to eat my house 谁胆子那么大,敢吃我的房子？
enough用法
(1)修饰名词无顺序
(2)修饰形容词副词enough必在后（adj./adv.+enough);
(3)常与to do在一起
1)You're enough to be(be) a dancer.你足以成为一名舞蹈家。
2)The girl is brave enough (enough brave,brave enough).这个女孩足够勇敢。
3)I have enough money to travel around the world.我有足够的钱环游全世界。
Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world
一、重点短语
Section A 1a-1c
1.in size在尺寸(大小,面积)上
2.meters deep....米深
3.meters long....米长
4.meters high....米高 ...
5.any other mountain 其他任何一座山
6.of all the salt lakes 在所有的咸水湖中
Section A 2a-2d
7.kilometers long..千米长 ...
8.the population of ....的人口/数量
9.in Asia在亚洲
10.one of the oldest countries最古老的国家之一
11.feel free to do sth.随便做某事
12.the main reason主要的原因
13.as you can see正如你所见
14. as far as I know=so far as I know 据我所知
2a 1.China is almost as big as the US, and it is the biggest country in Asia.
中国几乎和美国一样大,是亚洲最大的国家。
同级比较（原级）:as+adj./adv.原级+as和......一样,否定用not so+adj./adv.原级+as 和......不一样
1)English is as important as math.英语和数学一样重要。
2)Su Meisen runs as fast as Dao Yunkun.苏美森和刀云坤跑得一样快。
3)My clothes are not so beautiful as yours.我的衣服和你的不一样漂亮。
2.China has the biggest population in the world.
集体名词，无复数形式。作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
表示人口多或少，常用large，big,small。
询问人口数量时，用What’s the population of... How large is the population of...
2c 2.Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world
你知道吗中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？
最......之一 one of +adj.最高级+复数名词+...
1)Tao Zifu is one of the best students in Grade 8.(student)陶子富是八年级最好的学生之一。
2)Yang Jiansen is one of the tallest boys in Class 278. (tall)杨建森是278班最高的男孩之一。
2d 3.Fell free to ask me anything on today’s Great Wall Tour.
关于今天的长城之旅，大家可以随意提问。feel free to do sth.随便做某事
You can feel free to do(do) what you like. 你可以随便做你喜欢的的事。
4. Yes,it’s the most famous part.是的,那是最著名的部分。
（1）famous=well-known出名的,著名的,有名气的
（2）be famous as+人=be well-known as+人,作为某人而出名,以某人而出名
（3）be famous for+物 =be well-known for+物,以某物而出名
1)Puer is well-known(famous) for Puer Tea.普洱以普洱茶而出名。
2)Jinggu is well-known(famous) for Mangoes.景谷以芒果而出名。
3)Song Zhongji is famous（well-known)as an actor.宋钟基作为一名演员而出名。
4)Zhou Jielun is well-known（famous） as a singer. 周杰伦作为一名歌手而出名。
Section A 3a-3c
15. run along 跨越,蜿蜒,绵延于……
16.run along the southwestern part of China蜿蜒/绵延于中国西南边境
17.take in吸入
18.risk one’s life (risk one’s lives)冒生命危险（one’s用形容词性物主代词）
19.其中一个主要原因one of the main reasons
20.succeed in doing sth.成功做某事
21.挑战自我challenge oneself
22.in the face of 面对
23.in the face of difficulties 在面对困难时
24.give up (doing sth.) 放弃(做某事)
25.achieve one’ s dreams 实现某人的梦想=make one’s dream come true
26.be stronger than 比......更强大
27.the forces of nature 自然界的力量
28.even though=even if 虽然;尽管
3a 8.It’s 8,844.43 meters high and so is very dangerous to climb.
它(珠穆朗玛峰)有8,844.43米高，所以爬起来很危险。
be dangerous to do sth.做某事很危险
1)It’s dangerous to play with the dogs.（play）和狗玩很危险。
2)This kind of animal is very dangerous to keep.(keep)饲养这种动物很危险。
9.It is also very hard to take in air as you get near the top.接近山顶时呼吸很费劲.
It is+adj.+ to do sth.做某事......,常用于此句型的形容词有important, difficult, dangerous, necessary, useful, possible等,用来对to do sth. 进行说明。此句型可以转换成to do sth. is + adj.。
1)It is important to study English well.（study)学好英语很重要。
2)It’s very difficult to climb Qomolangma.(climb)登上珠穆朗玛峰很困难。
10.One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.主要的原因之一就是人们想在困难面前挑战自我。
(1)one of +复数名词... 其中之一；(2)want to do sth. 想要做某事;(3) difficulty作可数名词时通常用复数,表示具体概念,为各式各样的 “困难,难题,难事”。作不可数名词时，译作“困难,艰难,辛苦”。
1)He has some difficulties in learning.他在学习上有些困难。
2)She had great difficulty in understanding him.她理解他有很大的困难。
3)I want to climb the Himalayas.(climb)我想要登上喜马拉雅山脉。
4)They want to go to the London University.(go)他们想去上伦敦大学。
5)One of the main reasons is that there are too many people.(reason)
其中一个原因就是人太多。
11.The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.这些登山者的精神向我们证明:我们永远都不应该放弃实现自己的梦想。
（1）give up意为“放弃”,+n.(名词)/pron.(代词)/v-ing形式作宾语。如果宾语是名词,可以放在give和up之间,也可以放在up之后;如果宾语是代词,那么必须放在 give和up之间。
1)My uncle wants to give up drinking wine（酒).（drink）我的叔叔想戒酒。
2)Although English isn’t easy to learn, I won’t give it up.虽然英语难学,但是我不会放弃。
（2）try to do sth. 努力做......
1)You should try to look after yourself.(look)你应该努力照顾好自己。
2)He always tries to do everything well.(do)他总是设法做好每一件事。
Section A Grammar Focus-4c
形容词与副词的比较级
1．规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节词末尾加-er，-est tall（高的）
以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-st nice（好的）
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est big（大的）
“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，
少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-est clever（聪明的）
其他双音节词和多音节词，