期末综合复习语法回顾&语法练习学案（含参考答案）【2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级上册】

期末综合复习 语法回顾&语法练习
人教版英语八年级上册
语法回顾
（一）动词时态
1. 一般现在时：除了表示现在的状态、经常性或习惯性动作以及主语的性格和能力外，在八年级上册中还用于描述客观事实和普遍真理。例如：The earth goes around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转。）在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，若主句是一般现在时，从句可根据实际情况使用各种时态。
2. 现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与 now, at present, these days 等时间状语连用。其构成是 be（am/is/are）+动词的现在分词。例如：I am reading a book now. 现在进行时还可表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此刻不一定在进行。如：We are learning English this term. 有些动词如 come, go, leave, arrive, start 等，用现在进行时表示将来。例如：The train is arriving soon.
3. 一般过去时：用来表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 yesterday, last week, ago 等时间状语连用。动词的过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化，规则变化一般在动词原形后加 -ed，不规则变化则需特殊记忆。例如：I visited my grandparents last month. 在一般过去时的句子中，be 动词有 was（用于第一、三人称单数）和 were（用于第二人称及复数）两种形式。
（二）形容词和副词的比较级与最高级
1. 比较级：用于两者之间的比较，其构成规则如下：一般在形容词或副词后加 -er；以不发音的 e 结尾的加 -r；以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写该辅音字母再加 -er；以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的，变 y 为 i 再加 -er。例如：tall - taller, nice - nicer, big - bigger, heavy - heavier。还有一些不规则变化的比较级，如 good/well - better, bad/badly - worse, many/much - more 等。比较级的常用句型有“A + be + 比较级 + than + B”（A 比 B……），“A + 实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B”等。例如：Tom is taller than Jack. She runs faster than I. 还可以用“比较级 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越……”，如：It is getting colder and colder. 以及“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”表示“越……，就越……”，如：The more you read, the more you know.
2. 最高级：用于三者或三者以上的比较，其构成规则通常是在形容词或副词前加 the，再加 -est；以不发音的 e 结尾的加 -st；以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写该辅音字母再加 -est；以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的，变 y 为 i 再加 -est。例如：tall - tallest, nice - nicest, big - biggest, heavy - heaviest。不规则变化的最高级如 good/well - best, bad/badly - worst, many/much - most 等。最高级的常用句型有“A + be + the + 最高级 + 范围”（A 在……范围内是最……的），“A + 实义动词 + (the) + 最高级 + 范围”等。例如：This is the tallest building in our city. She sings (the) best in our class.
（三）不定代词
1. 常见不定代词：如 some（一些，用于肯定句），any（一些，用于否定句和疑问句），no（没有），every（每个）及其构成的复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing, everything, someone, anyone, no one, everyone 等。例如：I have some books. Do you have any questions There is nothing in the box.
2. 不定代词的用法：形容词修饰不定代词时要后置，如 something interesting（有趣的事情）。some 可用于表示请求或建议的疑问句中，如 Would you like some water 不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，如 Everyone is here.
（四）情态动词
1. can/could：表示能力，could 是 can 的过去式；还可表示请求许可，could 比 can 更委婉。例如：I can swim. Could you help me
2. may/might：表示请求许可或可能性，might 比 may 更委婉或可能性更小。例如：May I use your phone It may rain tomorrow.
3. must/have to：must 表示必须、一定，其否定形式 mustn't 表示禁止；have to 表示不得不，有人称和时态的变化。例如：You must wear a seatbelt. I have to get up early.
（五）宾语从句
1. 宾语从句的连接词：that 引导陈述句作宾语从句，在句中无意义，可省略；if/whether 引导一般疑问句作宾语从句，意为“是否”；特殊疑问词引导特殊疑问句作宾语从句，如 what, who, when, where, why, how 等。例如：I know (that) he is a good student. I wonder if/whether he will come. I want to know what he is doing.
2. 宾语从句的语序：要用陈述句语序，即连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例如：He asked me where I lived. （不能写成 where did I live）
3. 宾语从句的时态：若主句是一般现在时，从句可根据实际情况使用各种时态；若主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时），但客观真理除外。例如：He said he was watching TV. The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
（六）状语从句
1. 时间状语从句：常用引导词有 when（当……时），while（当……时，强调主句和从句的动作同时进行，从句常用进行时），as（当……时，随着），after（在……之后），before（在……之前），since（自从，主句常用现在完成时），until/till（直到……为止）等。例如：When I got home, my mother was cooking. While I was reading, my sister was watching TV. I haven't seen him since he left.
2. 条件状语从句：常用引导词有 if（如果），unless（除非，如果不）等。在条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。例如：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. Unless you work hard, you won't pass the exam.
3. 原因状语从句：常用引导词有 because（因为），since（既然），as（由于）等。例如：I didn't go to school because I was ill. Since you are here, you can help me. As it was late, we went home.
二、语法练习
（一）单项选择
1. —What ______ you ______ at 8:00 last night
—I was watching TV.
A. were; doing B. did; do C. are; doing D. do; do
2. My sister is ______ than me. She is always quiet.
A. funny B. more funny C. funnier D. much funny
3. There is ______ wrong with my computer. It doesn't work.
A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
4. —Must I finish my homework now
—No, you ______. You can do it later.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not
5. I don't know ______ he will come tomorrow. ______ he comes, I'll call you.
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether
C. if; If D. whether; If
6. When I ______ the classroom, the teacher ______ on the blackboard.
A. entered; was writing B. entered; wrote
C. enter; was writing D. enter; wrote
7. This box is ______ heavy for me ______ carry.
A. too; to B. so; that C. very; to D. enough; to
8. —Can you come to my party on Saturday evening
—Sure, ______.
A. I'd love B. I'd love to C. I love D. I will come
9. ______ bad weather it is! We can't go hiking.
A. What a B. How a C. What D. How
10. He has ______ friends here because he is new.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
（二）用所给词的正确形式填空
1. She is ______ (good) at math than her sister.
2. Look! The boys ______ (play) basketball on the playground.
3. My mother asked me ______ (clean) my room.
4. It's ______ (cloud) today. Maybe it will rain.
5. I ______ (not go) to the park yesterday because I was busy.
6. The ______ (much) you practice, the ______ (good) you will be at English.
7. There ______ (be) a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
8. He ______ (buy) a new bike last week.
9. This is ______ (interesting) book I have ever read.
10. She ______ (write) a letter when I came in.
（三）句型转换
1. She is a good student.（改为感叹句）
______ ______ good student she is!
2. He goes to school by bike.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ he go to school
3. I have already finished my homework.（改为否定句）
I ______ ______ my homework yet.
4. They will have a party next week.（改为一般疑问句）
______ they ______ a party next week
5. The boy is so young that he can't go to school.（改为同义句）
The boy is ______ young ______ go to school.
（四）完成句子
1. 我不知道他是否会来参加聚会。
I don't know ______ he ______ come to the party.
2. 当我到达机场时，飞机已经起飞了。
When I ______ at the airport, the plane ______ ______ ______.
3. 他比我更擅长画画。
He is ______ ______ ______ drawing than I.
4. 我们应该尽可能多地说英语。
We should speak English ______ ______ ______ we can.
5. 如果你努力学习，你就会取得好成绩。
If you ______ ______, you ______ ______ good grades.
（五）短文填空
根据短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式（每空不多于 3 个单词）。
I have a good friend. Her name is Mary. She is 1.______ (outgoing) than me. She likes 2.______ (make) friends. She 3.______ (be) good at sports, especially basketball. She often 4.______ (play) basketball with her classmates after school. She also likes reading books. She reads 5.______ (many) books than I do. She says reading can make her 6.______ (become) smarter. Mary 7.______ (study) hard at school. She gets good grades in all subjects. She wants 8.______ (be) a teacher when she grows up. She thinks it's a great job 9.______ she can help students learn knowledge. I'm very lucky 10.______ (have) such a good friend.
参考答案：
（一）单项选择
1-5 ACACD 6-10 AABCA
（二）用所给词的正确形式填空
1. better 2. are playing 3. to clean 4. cloudy 5. didn't go 6. more; better 7. will be 8. bought 9. the most interesting 10. was writing
（三）句型转换
1. What a 2. How does 3. haven't finished 4. Will; have 5. too; to
（四）完成句子
1. if/whether; will 2. arrived; had taken off 3. better at 4. as much as 5. study hard; will get
（五）短文填空
1. more outgoing 2. making 3. is 4. plays 5. more 6. become 7. studies 8. to be 9. because 10. to have
以上内容仅供参考，你可以根据实际教学情况和学生的学习进度进行调整和修改。希望这份资料对你有所帮助！