2025届高考英语复习 非谓语动词 导学案（无答案）

非谓语动词
一、非谓语动词概述
1.什么是非谓语动词？
非谓语动词是动词的特殊形式，在句子中可以充当谓语以外的成分。
2.学会判断何时使用非谓语动词
(1)The girl________(dance) in the classroom now.
→分析：该句中_________(有/没有)谓语动词，所以该空格应使用________(谓语/非谓语动词)，时态为_____________。
(2)The girl_________(dance) in the classroom now and she looks very confident.
→分析：该句中______(有/没有)谓语动词，但是有并列连词_______连接了两个动词，所以空格应使用________(谓语/非谓语动词)。
(3)The girl_______(dance) in the classroom now looks very confident.
→分析：该句中______(有/没有)谓语动词，并且______(有/没有)连词，所以空格应使用_____________(谓语/非谓语动词)。
(4)The girl who__________(dance) in the classroom now looks very confident.
→分析：该句中_____(有/没有)谓语动词，但是有从属连词_______，所以空格应使用________(谓语/非谓语动词)，时态为____________。(who引导的定语从句)
→ 总结： 一个句子中已经存在一个________, 又没有_______的情况下，另一个动词需要用_______________。
非谓语动词的种类：动词的-ing形式、动词的过去分词和动词的不定式。
小结：非谓语动词的形式及句法功能
种类 形式 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语
不定式 一般式 to do to be done √ √ √ √ √ √
进行式 to be doing ×
完成式 to have done to have been done
动名词 一般式 doing being done √ √ × √ √ ×
完成式 having done having been done
分词 现在 分词 一般式 doing being done × × √ √ √ √
完成式 having done having been done
过去 分词 一般式 done(vi.) 表完成 done(vt.)表被动与完成 × × √ √ √ √
二、难点释疑
1.非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。
Looking around，I found there was no one nearby.环顾四周，我发现附近没有人。
2.独立主格结构
若非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则要在非谓语动词前加上其自身的逻辑主语，即“逻辑主语(名词/代词)＋非谓语动词”，构成独立主格结构。
Eg: Winter coming，it gets colder and colder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
The test finished，we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们的假期开始了。
以下短语作状语时，不需考虑逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。
generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking，talking of谈到，speaking of谈及，judging from由…判断，compared with/to...与……相比较，given that...考虑到；假定to be frank坦率地说 ，to be sure诚然，固然 ，to tell (you) the truth说老实话 ，to be honest老实说，to make matters worse更糟糕的是
3.with复合结构
(1)with＋名词/代词＋现在分词，现在分词可表示主动和动作正在进行。
He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上，眼睛望着天空。
(2)with＋名词/代词＋过去分词，过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成。
With his hair cut，he looked much younger. 理了发，他看起来年轻多了。
(3)with＋名词/代词＋不定式，不定式表示动作尚未发生。
With a lot of homework to do，I can’t go skating with you.
因为有很多作业要做，所以我不能和你一起去滑冰。
三、技法指导
1.分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词
首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，那就是非谓语动词。
2.找逻辑主语，再判断与动词之间的关系
(1)非谓语动词作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰词；
Actually，it is quite normal for an average person ________(live) in a city to see thousands of ads every single day.
(2)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
(3)作补语时，其逻辑主语是动词或介词的宾语。
I heard the boy crying in the next door.
如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词doing；
Seeing the teacher, he stood up.
→“He”是“see”的动作发出者（主谓关系）。
如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词done。
The book written by him is popular.
→“book”是“write” 的承受者（动宾关系）。
但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式to be done；
He wants the letter to be typed.
→"letter”是“type” 的承受者（动宾关系）且动作尚未发生。
如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式being done。
The girl being interviewed is my teacher.
→“the girl”是“interview”的承受者（动宾关系）且动作正在发生。
3.判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序
(1)to have done，having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
1. to have done（不定式的完成式）表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，强调 "已经完成"。
He pretended to have seen the movie.
→ "see" 发生在 "pretend" 之前（假装已经看过）。
2. having done（现在分词的完成式）表示动作先于主句谓语发生，通常作原因状语或时间状语。
Having finished his homework, he went out to play.
→ "finish" 发生在 "went out" 之前。
(2)to be doing，doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生。
3. to be doing（不定式的进行式）表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，强调 "正在进行"。
He pretended to be reading a book.
→ "read" 与 "pretend" 同时发生（假装正在读）。
4.doing（现在分词的一般式）表示 “主动进行”。
I saw him crossing the street.
→ “see”与“cross”同时发生（看见他正在过马路）
四.模拟题
1. The coach advised the players ________ (keep) calm during the game.
2. ________ (walk) in the park, I saw a beautiful flowerbed.
3.________ (work) on the project for months, they finally achieved a breakthrough.
4. ________ (give) more time, we could have done the job better.
5.I had my computer ________ (repair) because it had a virus.
6. The girl ________ (wear) a red dress is my sister.
7.The plan ________ (put) forward by the students is being considered.
8. People ________ (live) in the mountains enjoy fresh air.
9.Her goal is ________ (become) a doctor and help the sick.
10. With his attention ________ (focus) on the book, he didn't notice his friend leaving.
非谓语动词固定搭配及动词词组
1 学习做某事 learn to do sth. 22 决心做某事 determine to do sth.
2 希望做某事 wish/hope to do sth. 23 下定决心做某事 make up one’s mind to
3 期望做某事 expect to do sth. 24 决定做某事 decide to do sth.
4 渴望做某事 long/desire to do sth. 25 准备做某事 prepare to do sth.
be eager to do sth. get ready to do sth.
5 想做某事 want/would like to do sth. 26 迫不及待做某事 can’t wait to do sth.
6 急于做某事 be anxious to do sth. 27 主动提出做某事 offer to do sth.
7 设法成功做 manage to do sth. 28 同意做某事 agree to do sth.
8 未能做某事 fail to do sth. 29 拒绝做某事 refuse to do sth.
9 计划做某事 plan to do sth. 39 答应做某事 promise to do sth.
10 打算做某事 intend to do sth. 31 愿意做某事 would like to do sth.
11 应该做某事 be supposed to do sth. 32 安排做某事 arrange to do sth.
12 旨在做某事 aim to do sth. 33 负担得起做某事 afford to do sth.
13 挣扎/努力去 struggle to do sth. 34 犹豫做某事 hesitate to do sth.
14 要求做某事 ask/demand to do sth. 35 尽一切努力做 make every effort to do
15 很可能做 be likely to do sth. 36 尽力做某事 try one’s best to do sth.
16 一定会做某 be sure/certain to do 37 不遗余力做某事 spare no effort to do sth.
17 碰巧做某事 happen to do sth. 38 试图做某事 make an attempt to do
18 假装做某事 pretend to do sth. 39 答应/有望做某事 promise to do sth.
19 趋向于/往往 tend to do sth. 40 别无选择只能... have no choice but to do
20 费心做某事 bother to do sth. 41 无事可做只能 have nothing to do but do
21 选择做某事 choose to do sth.
接不定式作宾语的常用动词/短语 (to do)
二、接动名词作宾语的常用动词/短语 (doing)
1 喜欢做某事 enjoy doing sth. 21 提及做某事 mention doing sth.
2 完成做某事 finish doing sth. 22 错过做某事 miss doing sth.
3 讨厌做某事 dislike doing sth. 23 阻止做某事 prevent/stop doing sth.
4 介意做某事 mind doing sth. 24 包括做某事 include doing sth.
5 练习做某事 practice doing sth. 25 冒险做某事 risk doing sth.
6 一直做某事 keep doing sth. 26 否认做某事 deny doing sth.
7 允许做某事 permit/allow doing sth. 27 支持/主张做某事 advocate doing sth.
8 承认做某事 admit doing sth. 28 感谢做某事 appreciate doing sth.
9 考虑做某事 consider doing sth. 29 想象做某事 imagine/fancy doing sth.
10 建议做某事 suggest/advise doing 39 推迟做某事 put off doing sth.
11 避免做某事 avoid doing sth. 31 继续做某事 carry on doing sth.
12 推迟做某事 delay doing sth. 32 坚持做某事 insist on doing sth.
13 逃脱做某事 escape doing sth. 33 忙于做某事 be busy doing sth.
14 原谅做某事 forgive/excuse doing 34 某事值得做 sth. be worth doing
15 讨论做某事 discuss doing sth. 35 放弃做某事 give up doing sth.
16 设想/喜欢做某事 fancy doing sth. 36 无法忍受做某事 can’t stand/bear doing
17 禁止做某事 forbid/prohibit doing 37 想做某事 feel like doing sth.
18 花费...做某事 spend... (in)doing 38 情不自禁做某事 can’t/couldn’t help doing
19 做某事没有用/好处 It’s no use/good doing sth. 39 做某事有困难 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
20 做某事有一段愉快/艰难的时光 have a good/hard time doing sth. 40 浪费时间做某事 waste time doing sth.
三、带to doing sth.的常用结构(to为介词)
1 专心做某事 pay attention to doing 8 导致做某事 lead to doing
2 期待做某事 look forward to doing 9 习惯于 get/be used to doing
3 沉迷于 be addicted to doing be accustomed to doing
4 坚持做某事 stick to to doing 10 投身于 be devoted to doing
5 反对做某事 object to doing devote oneself to doing
6 开始认真做某事 get down to doing 11 喜欢…胜过... prefer doing to doing
7 为...作贡献 make contributions to (doing) sth. 12 沉迷于做某事 be addicted to doing
四、可接不同非谓语的动词及结构
（1）使役动词（have/make/get/leave/keep）
have/make A do/done /doing
get/leave A to do/ done /doing
keep A doing
(2)感官类
see/hear A do/doing/done find/catch A doing sth.
with A doing/done/to do
建议某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth.
叫/请某人做某事 ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 beg sb. to do sth.
导致某人做某事 cause sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事 drive sb. to do sth.
选举某人做某事 elect sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.
期望某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 forbid sb. to do sth.
强迫某人做某事 force sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事 intend sb. to do sth.
邀请某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 命令某人做 order/command sb. to do sth.
警告某人做某事 warn sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 permit sb. to do sth.
说服某人做某事 persuade sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 request sb. to do sth.
提醒某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 require sb. to do sth.
教某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth . 告诉/让某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth.
麻烦某人做某事 trouble sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 want sb. to do sth.
希望某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth.
五、接不定式作宾补的常用动词V.+sb. + to do sth.
六、既可接doing也可接to do，但意思不同
1 停止做某事 stop doing 停下来去做某事 stop to do
2 试着做某事 try doing 努力做某事 try to do
3 意味着做某事 mean doing 打算做某事 mean to do
4 忘记做过某事 forget doing 忘记做某事 forget to do
5 记得做过某事 remember doing 记得要做某事 remember to do
6 后悔做过某事 regret doing 遗憾地做某事 regret to do
7 继续做（同一件） go on doing 接着做（另一件） go on to do
8 情不自禁做某事 can’t help doing 不能帮助做某事 can’t help (to) do sth.
七、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的动词
like to do sth / like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
love to do sth / love doing sth. 喜欢做某事
hate to do sth / hate doing sth. 憎恨做某事
prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事
begin to do sth / begin doing sth. 开始做某事
start to do sth / start doing sth. 开始做某事
continue to do sth / continue doing sth. 继续做某事
can’t bear to do sth / can’t bear doing sth. 不能忍受做某事
八、可接双宾语的常用动词
（1） 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词
把某物卖给某人 sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事 tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb.
拿某物给某人看 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 欠某人某物 owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb.
把某物递给某人 hand/pass sb. sth.= hand/pass sth. to sb. 给某人某物 give sb. sth.=give sth. to sb.
把某物还给某人 return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.
把某物借给某人 lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 教某人某物 teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb.
把某物带给某人 bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人 award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb.
把某物拿给某人 take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.
为某人买某物 buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人选某物 choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb.
为某人煮某物 cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb.
（2） 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词
九、可用于“动词+sb+of sth”的常见动词
控告/指责某人做某事 accuse sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物 rid sb. of sth.
使某人想起某事 remind sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的某东西 rob sb. of sth.
治好...病/改掉...坏习惯 cure sb. of sth. 骗取某人某物 cheat sb. of sth.
通知某人某情况（事） inform sb. of sth. 警告... warn sb. of sth.
十、固定句式中的非谓语
1 感谢某人做了某事 thank sb. for doing 8 最好做某事 had better do sth.
2 表扬某人做了某事 praise sb. for doing 9 何不做某事呢？ why not do sth.
3 责备某人做了某事 blame sb. for doing 10 ...怎么样 how/what about doing
4 处罚某人做了某事 punish sb. for doing 11 一般说来 generally speaking
5 原谅某人做了某事 forgive sb. for doing 12 从...判断 judging by/from
6 更糟的的是 to make matters worse， 13 和...相比 Compared with...,
7 考虑到... Considering..., 14 做...很开心 have fun doing sth.
15 无事可做只能... have nothing to do but do sth.
16 做...是浪费时间的 It is a waste of time doing
17 做...是没用的 It is no use doing
18 第一个/最后一个做... the first/last to do sth.
19 阻止某人做某事 prevent/stop/keep sb. from doing sh.
20 花时间/金钱做某事 spend time/money (in) doing sth.
21 浪费时间/金钱做某事 waste time/money (in) doing sth.
22 在做某事方面有困难 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
23 做...度过了一段美好/艰难的时光 have a good/hard time doing sth.
24 花费某人...时间/金钱做某事 it takes/took sb. +时/钱+ to do sth.
25 别无选择只能... have no choice but to do sth.
26 安排某人做某事 arrange for sb. to do sth.
27 原谅某人做某事 excuse [forgive] sb. for doing sth.
28 祝贺某人做某事 congratulate sb. on doing sth.
29 感谢某人做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. =be grateful to sb. for doing sth.