主谓一致专题 学案（无答案）-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项
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| 名称 | 主谓一致专题 学案（无答案）-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项 |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 42.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-04-02 12:15:10 | ||
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主谓一致专题
1.语法一致：主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即在人称和数上保持一致。
主谓一致 2.意义一致：从意义上处理主谓关系，如：主语形式上虽是单数，但意义上是复
数，谓语动词就应用复数形式。
就近原则：谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
主谓一致：谓语动词和主语保持一致。
主谓一致通常有三种原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
1.语法一致原则（主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即单数主语用单数动词，复数主语用复数动词。）
The book is on the table. (单数主语+单数动词）
The students are studying in thelibrary.（复数主语＋复数动词）
She has finished her homework.（第三人称单数主语＋单数动词）
2.意义一致原则（根据主语表达的实际意义决定动词单复数，即使语法形式不一致。）
集体名词（如family, team, class）：
His family is small.（强调整体，用单数）
His family are arguing about thetrip.（强调个体成员，用复数）
表示数量/总量的名词：
Ten dollars is enough for lunch.（将金额视为整体，单数）
Five years seems like a long time.（时间段作为整体，单数）
3.就近原则（谓语动词的单复数由最靠近它的主语部分决定，常见于并列主语或倒装句。）
由or/nor/not only...but also连接的主语：
Neither the teacher nor the students know the answer. (靠近动词的是复数”students”，用复数）
Not only the children but also their mother enjoys the game. (靠近动词的是单数”mother”，用单数）
There be句型或倒装句：
There is a book and two pens onthe desk.（靠近动词的是单数”a book"，用单数）
There are two pens and a book onthe desk.（靠近动词的是复数”two pens"，用复数）
(一) 以下情况谓语动词用单数：
考点一：不可数名词、动词不定式、动名词、疑问词+不定式、从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。
The information________useful.( be )
Doing eye exercises _______ good for our eyes. ( be )
3) To obey the traffic rules _______ very important. ( be )
4) Where to go _______ not been decided. (have)
考点二：不定代词somebody/ anybody/ everybody/ nobody/ someone/ anyone/ anyone/ everyone/ something/ anything/ everything/ nothing等作主语时。each/ every/ either/ neither等修饰或作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
No one ________ that fact . ( know )
Nobody _______ that kind of man. ( like )
Each student______this subject. ( like )
考点三：“形复意单”名词，如：news/grass/politics/physics/maths等作主语时谓语动词用单数。
The news ______ so surprising. ( be )
2) Physics ______ interesting to learn. ( be )
考点四：表示度量、距离、金额时间、长度、数学运算等复数名词作主语时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。
Three years _______ passed since then. ( have )
Eleven kilometers ______ too far. ( be )
3) One and a half years ______ passed. ( have )
考点五：由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，且两个单数名词前如有every, each或no等词修饰或如果主语是同一个人、同一件事时，谓语动词用单数形式。
1）Every boy and every girl _______ to help the farmers pick oranges. ( want )
2）The writer and teacher ______ coming. ( be )
3）The writer and the teacher _____ coming. ( be )
考点六、“many a/more than one+单数名词作主语时”，谓语动词用单数。
There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。
Many a student has passed the exam.许多学生已经通过了考试。
考点七、“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。
One and a half pears is left on the plate.一个半梨被留在盘子里。
考点八、no+单数名词， neither/either/none of+复数名词，谓语动词用单数。
No student is allowed to leave early.
Neither of the books is interesting.
Either of the options is wise.
None of the answers is right.
(二) 以下情况谓语动词用复数：
考点九：名词，如：glasses(眼镜), clothes（衣服）, trousers（裤子）, shoes（鞋子）, chopsticks（筷子）, scissors（剪刀）socks(袜子)，gloves(手套)等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , 等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用跟kind，pair保持一致。
1) A pair of shoes _____ on the desk. ( be )
2) This pair of trousers __________ me. ( not fit )
3) Her trousers ______ black. ( be )
考点十：“the +形容词”作主语，表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数形式；
“the +姓的复数”作主语为复数；
1) The old _____ taken good care of here. ( be )
2) The Lius ______ watching TV now.( be )
考点十一、主语为复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
Children _____ in the classroom two hours ago.( be )
People _____holidays.( like )
考点十二、由what 引导的主语从句，如果表语是复数或what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。
What I bought were 3 English books.
What I say and do are helpful to you.
考点十三、由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，或“both....and....连接的并列主语”谓语动词一般用复数形式。
Lily and Lucy____twins.（be）
Both Tom and Lily____doctors.（be）
★ 以下情况谓语动词有时用复数，有时用单数：
考点十四：“分数/百分数+of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
但“分数/百分数+of+不可数名词/单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
Two thirds of the workers ______ from Japan. ( be )
One fourth of my homework _____ been finished. ( have )
考点十五：某些集体名词，如family, team, class, group等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。但people / police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
His family ______a happy one. ( be )
2) The whole family _____ watching TV. ( be )
3) People here _____ very friendly. ( be )
4) The police ___ busy looking for the missing child.( be )
考点十六：half of / some of / most of / a lot of / the rest of / all of等短语作主语时，谓语动词要与of后的名词保持一致。
1) Most of the students in our school _____ ( go ) to school on foot.
2) Half of the bread ______ ( be ) dirty.
(三) 就近原则
考点十七：所谓就近原则，是指谓语动词应与最靠近它的那个主语的单、复形式相一致。如用连词or(或者)，either..or.. (或者…或者…),neither..nor... (既不…也不…), not only..but also.. (不但...而且…) 等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致，还有There be句型。
1) Either your students or Mr. Wang _______this. ( know )
2) Either Tom or his brothers _______waiting in the room. ( be )
3) There _____ a pen, a knife, and several books on the desk. ( be )
(四) 就远原则
考点十八：当主语后面跟有 as well as, ( along / together ) with, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including 等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数应与as well as 等前面的主语的人称、数相一致。
The teacher as well as the students ______ reading in the library yesterday . ( be )
2) The teacher with his students _______ gone to the library. ( have )
3) He, like you and Xiao Li, _______ clever. ( be )
(五) 其它考点
1、population “人口”，当作整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；但强调个体时（人口的几分之几，百分之几）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are peasants.
2、“a number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式；表“许多...…”
“ the number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。“..….的数量”
1）There are a large number of workers in the factory , who _______ from America. ( be )
2）The number of the students in the college _____ 30000. ( be )
3、“one of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“one of +复数名词”后跟有定语从句时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of +复数名词”后跟有定语从句时，谓语动词用单数形式；
1)One of my favorite gifts is from my mother.
2) John is one of the students who have passed the test.
3) He is the only one of the boys who has been to Beijing.
4、Chinese, Japanese, deer , sheep 等单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于上下文的实际含义(指单数个体还是复数群体）。
1)A Chinese is waiting for you.
2)Many Chinese like dumplings.
注意：The+国籍词（如the Chinese, the Japanese)表示全体国民，谓语动词用复数。
1)The Chinese are hardworking.
2)The Japanese value politeness.
考点训练
1 .Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country.
A. Are B. is C.was D. were
2.----There _________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best
----Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
3. In China, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person's age.
A. has; is B. eats; are C. eat; is D. have; are
4.----Neither Lily nor her parents ________ outdoors when the rainstorm came.
---- ________ lucky they were!
A. were; what B. was; How C. were; How
5.----What's your plan for the coming Dragon Boat Festival
----Most of us ________ ready to make zongzi.
is B.are C. have D. has
----Could you tell me something about Yuan Longping
----Yes, he's called the “Father of Hybrid Rice". He helped to save ________ China _________ the
world from hunger.
neither; nor B. either; or C. not only; but also
----The number of workers in this factory ________ over 200.
----Some of them are women workers.
is B. are C. be D. was
There ________ a talent show in our school tomorrow.
has B. will have C. is going to be D. will is
________ of the workers in the factory _________ young women.
Three-four; are B. Three-fourths; is C. Three-fourths; are
Not only I but also she _________ hanging out in the shopping mall.
like B. likes C. liked D. to like
总结训练
一、单复数基本规则
The news about the accident ______ (be) shocking to everyone.
Mathematics ______ (be) a challenging subject for many students.
Both my brother and my sister ______ (enjoy) playing chess.
Each of the students ______ (have) a different opinion.
二、集合名词
The committee ______ (be) divided on this issue.
The team ______ (be) practicing hard for the championship.
My family ______ (be) all music lovers.
The police ______ (be) searching for the suspect now.
三、特殊结构（就近/就远原则）
Neither Tom nor his friends ______ (know) the answer.
Not only the teacher but also the students ______ (be) excited about the trip.
Either the manager or his assistants ______ (have) to attend the meeting.
There ______ (be) a book and two pens on the desk.
四、数量词/不定代词
Two-thirds of the earth's surface ______ (be) covered by water.
Some of the information ______ (be) incorrect.
None of the cakes ______ (taste) good.
A number of students ______ (be) absent today.
五、其他易错点
The poor ______ (need) more social support.
Ten miles ______ (be) too far to walk.
"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" ______ (be) my favorite novel.
More than one student ______ (have) failed the exam.
1.语法一致：主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即在人称和数上保持一致。
主谓一致 2.意义一致：从意义上处理主谓关系，如：主语形式上虽是单数，但意义上是复
数，谓语动词就应用复数形式。
就近原则：谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
主谓一致：谓语动词和主语保持一致。
主谓一致通常有三种原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
1.语法一致原则（主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即单数主语用单数动词，复数主语用复数动词。）
The book is on the table. (单数主语+单数动词）
The students are studying in thelibrary.（复数主语＋复数动词）
She has finished her homework.（第三人称单数主语＋单数动词）
2.意义一致原则（根据主语表达的实际意义决定动词单复数，即使语法形式不一致。）
集体名词（如family, team, class）：
His family is small.（强调整体，用单数）
His family are arguing about thetrip.（强调个体成员，用复数）
表示数量/总量的名词：
Ten dollars is enough for lunch.（将金额视为整体，单数）
Five years seems like a long time.（时间段作为整体，单数）
3.就近原则（谓语动词的单复数由最靠近它的主语部分决定，常见于并列主语或倒装句。）
由or/nor/not only...but also连接的主语：
Neither the teacher nor the students know the answer. (靠近动词的是复数”students”，用复数）
Not only the children but also their mother enjoys the game. (靠近动词的是单数”mother”，用单数）
There be句型或倒装句：
There is a book and two pens onthe desk.（靠近动词的是单数”a book"，用单数）
There are two pens and a book onthe desk.（靠近动词的是复数”two pens"，用复数）
(一) 以下情况谓语动词用单数：
考点一：不可数名词、动词不定式、动名词、疑问词+不定式、从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。
The information________useful.( be )
Doing eye exercises _______ good for our eyes. ( be )
3) To obey the traffic rules _______ very important. ( be )
4) Where to go _______ not been decided. (have)
考点二：不定代词somebody/ anybody/ everybody/ nobody/ someone/ anyone/ anyone/ everyone/ something/ anything/ everything/ nothing等作主语时。each/ every/ either/ neither等修饰或作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
No one ________ that fact . ( know )
Nobody _______ that kind of man. ( like )
Each student______this subject. ( like )
考点三：“形复意单”名词，如：news/grass/politics/physics/maths等作主语时谓语动词用单数。
The news ______ so surprising. ( be )
2) Physics ______ interesting to learn. ( be )
考点四：表示度量、距离、金额时间、长度、数学运算等复数名词作主语时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。
Three years _______ passed since then. ( have )
Eleven kilometers ______ too far. ( be )
3) One and a half years ______ passed. ( have )
考点五：由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，且两个单数名词前如有every, each或no等词修饰或如果主语是同一个人、同一件事时，谓语动词用单数形式。
1）Every boy and every girl _______ to help the farmers pick oranges. ( want )
2）The writer and teacher ______ coming. ( be )
3）The writer and the teacher _____ coming. ( be )
考点六、“many a/more than one+单数名词作主语时”，谓语动词用单数。
There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。
Many a student has passed the exam.许多学生已经通过了考试。
考点七、“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。
One and a half pears is left on the plate.一个半梨被留在盘子里。
考点八、no+单数名词， neither/either/none of+复数名词，谓语动词用单数。
No student is allowed to leave early.
Neither of the books is interesting.
Either of the options is wise.
None of the answers is right.
(二) 以下情况谓语动词用复数：
考点九：名词，如：glasses(眼镜), clothes（衣服）, trousers（裤子）, shoes（鞋子）, chopsticks（筷子）, scissors（剪刀）socks(袜子)，gloves(手套)等。但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , 等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用跟kind，pair保持一致。
1) A pair of shoes _____ on the desk. ( be )
2) This pair of trousers __________ me. ( not fit )
3) Her trousers ______ black. ( be )
考点十：“the +形容词”作主语，表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数形式；
“the +姓的复数”作主语为复数；
1) The old _____ taken good care of here. ( be )
2) The Lius ______ watching TV now.( be )
考点十一、主语为复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
Children _____ in the classroom two hours ago.( be )
People _____holidays.( like )
考点十二、由what 引导的主语从句，如果表语是复数或what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。
What I bought were 3 English books.
What I say and do are helpful to you.
考点十三、由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，或“both....and....连接的并列主语”谓语动词一般用复数形式。
Lily and Lucy____twins.（be）
Both Tom and Lily____doctors.（be）
★ 以下情况谓语动词有时用复数，有时用单数：
考点十四：“分数/百分数+of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
但“分数/百分数+of+不可数名词/单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
Two thirds of the workers ______ from Japan. ( be )
One fourth of my homework _____ been finished. ( have )
考点十五：某些集体名词，如family, team, class, group等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。但people / police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
His family ______a happy one. ( be )
2) The whole family _____ watching TV. ( be )
3) People here _____ very friendly. ( be )
4) The police ___ busy looking for the missing child.( be )
考点十六：half of / some of / most of / a lot of / the rest of / all of等短语作主语时，谓语动词要与of后的名词保持一致。
1) Most of the students in our school _____ ( go ) to school on foot.
2) Half of the bread ______ ( be ) dirty.
(三) 就近原则
考点十七：所谓就近原则，是指谓语动词应与最靠近它的那个主语的单、复形式相一致。如用连词or(或者)，either..or.. (或者…或者…),neither..nor... (既不…也不…), not only..but also.. (不但...而且…) 等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致，还有There be句型。
1) Either your students or Mr. Wang _______this. ( know )
2) Either Tom or his brothers _______waiting in the room. ( be )
3) There _____ a pen, a knife, and several books on the desk. ( be )
(四) 就远原则
考点十八：当主语后面跟有 as well as, ( along / together ) with, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including 等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数应与as well as 等前面的主语的人称、数相一致。
The teacher as well as the students ______ reading in the library yesterday . ( be )
2) The teacher with his students _______ gone to the library. ( have )
3) He, like you and Xiao Li, _______ clever. ( be )
(五) 其它考点
1、population “人口”，当作整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；但强调个体时（人口的几分之几，百分之几）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are peasants.
2、“a number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式；表“许多...…”
“ the number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。“..….的数量”
1）There are a large number of workers in the factory , who _______ from America. ( be )
2）The number of the students in the college _____ 30000. ( be )
3、“one of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“one of +复数名词”后跟有定语从句时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of +复数名词”后跟有定语从句时，谓语动词用单数形式；
1)One of my favorite gifts is from my mother.
2) John is one of the students who have passed the test.
3) He is the only one of the boys who has been to Beijing.
4、Chinese, Japanese, deer , sheep 等单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于上下文的实际含义(指单数个体还是复数群体）。
1)A Chinese is waiting for you.
2)Many Chinese like dumplings.
注意：The+国籍词（如the Chinese, the Japanese)表示全体国民，谓语动词用复数。
1)The Chinese are hardworking.
2)The Japanese value politeness.
考点训练
1 .Having good manners ________ necessary when you visit a foreign country.
A. Are B. is C.was D. were
2.----There _________ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best
----Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
3. In China, a number of birthday persons ________ cakes with candles. The number of candles ________ the person's age.
A. has; is B. eats; are C. eat; is D. have; are
4.----Neither Lily nor her parents ________ outdoors when the rainstorm came.
---- ________ lucky they were!
A. were; what B. was; How C. were; How
5.----What's your plan for the coming Dragon Boat Festival
----Most of us ________ ready to make zongzi.
is B.are C. have D. has
----Could you tell me something about Yuan Longping
----Yes, he's called the “Father of Hybrid Rice". He helped to save ________ China _________ the
world from hunger.
neither; nor B. either; or C. not only; but also
----The number of workers in this factory ________ over 200.
----Some of them are women workers.
is B. are C. be D. was
There ________ a talent show in our school tomorrow.
has B. will have C. is going to be D. will is
________ of the workers in the factory _________ young women.
Three-four; are B. Three-fourths; is C. Three-fourths; are
Not only I but also she _________ hanging out in the shopping mall.
like B. likes C. liked D. to like
总结训练
一、单复数基本规则
The news about the accident ______ (be) shocking to everyone.
Mathematics ______ (be) a challenging subject for many students.
Both my brother and my sister ______ (enjoy) playing chess.
Each of the students ______ (have) a different opinion.
二、集合名词
The committee ______ (be) divided on this issue.
The team ______ (be) practicing hard for the championship.
My family ______ (be) all music lovers.
The police ______ (be) searching for the suspect now.
三、特殊结构（就近/就远原则）
Neither Tom nor his friends ______ (know) the answer.
Not only the teacher but also the students ______ (be) excited about the trip.
Either the manager or his assistants ______ (have) to attend the meeting.
There ______ (be) a book and two pens on the desk.
四、数量词/不定代词
Two-thirds of the earth's surface ______ (be) covered by water.
Some of the information ______ (be) incorrect.
None of the cakes ______ (taste) good.
A number of students ______ (be) absent today.
五、其他易错点
The poor ______ (need) more social support.
Ten miles ______ (be) too far to walk.
"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" ______ (be) my favorite novel.
More than one student ______ (have) failed the exam.