高三英语专题复习之阅读理解
专题01 阅读理解之应用文
【题型解读】
应用文一般是指广告、宣传海报、公告(包括行车时刻表)、产品的说明书、旅游信息/指南、失物招领、招聘启事、报刊杂志的征稿启事类等等方面的文章。应用文一般条理清晰，结构紧凑，重点突出，几乎每一篇在一个大标题下往往有几个小标题，表明文章主题以及每一部分的内容。应用文经常出现以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，这很可能是文章的重点或某一部分内容的概括，阅读文章时，一定要重点注意这些信息，因为它们往往是试题考查重点之所在。此外，应用文还具有简洁、实用的特点，文中常出现大量的省略词和省略句。对于影响语境理解的省略情况，应将省略句补全，从而更加准确地理解其意思。
高考应用文体裁的阅读理解题设问的一般顺序为：按照文章段落的顺序依次设置。设问的形式多以细节理解题为主，兼有推理判断题(包括对短文出处、写作意图的推断)、主旨大意题和词义猜测题等。因此，应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清作者所要传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。
【语篇特点】
体裁上，以广告信息类为主，主要包括启事类应用文、新闻类应用文和识记类应用文。
题材上，主题围绕“人与自我、人与社会、人与自然”三大主题语境。常见的话题以介绍乘车信息、景点指南、赛事须知、设施功能、社会热点、工作项目、演出介绍等为主，这些材料都与日常生活密切相关。
选材上，几乎都出自英美报刊及主流网站，内容贴近生活。
形式上，文章有标题、小标题、粗体、斜体，偶尔也有插图、表格或独立的图片。另外，标题、小标题及重要信息一般会加粗。
语言上，言简意赅，字数少而信息量大。里面有大量的地道表达，使用很多人名、地名和专有名词，缩写词也比较多。
【解题策略】
1. 先题后文
先读试题，了解试题考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。
2. 题干定向
根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同→对号入座；问题与原文相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。
3. 生词模糊
遇到生词；如与答题无关，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。
4. 信息补全
对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境，将其补全。
【考法归纳】
1. 寻找共同点题
1.“找共同点题”试题大多出现在应用文最后一题；
2.属于复杂细节理解题，可能会涉及阅读材料多处；
3.常见命题形式： What do the four… have in common
1.结构法：如果属于“总分总”结构，多从“总处”找依据；
2.排除法：可以运用排除法，只要一项不合要求就应该排除；
3.关键词法：依据题干圈划相应的关键词语，据此知道答案
2. 判断文章出处题
1.“找文章出处题”试题大多出现在应用文最后一题；
2.属于推理判断题，可能会涉及阅读材料一处或多处；
3.常见命题形式： Where is this text probably taken from
1.结构法：如果属于“总分总”结构，多从“总处”找依据；
2.排除法：运用排除法，先把最不可能选项划掉缩小范围；
3.关键词法：依据题干圈划相应的关键词语，据此知道答案。
“推断文章出处”类试题应从文章的内容或结构入手来判断其出处：
旅游指南类文章(a travel guide)：此类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。
广告英语类文章(an advertisement)：现代生活中广告无处不在，英语阅读理解也是如此。有时会考查微型海报、通知、启示、时刻表、图表等。
课件展示类文章(a class presentation)：此类文章往往紧扣主题，口语性强、语言活泼，形式新颖，伴随有图片、图表、文字介绍等信息。
网络网页类文章(an Internet page)：此类文章往往会提供超级链接标志，如For more information, please click here
常考来源词
diary 日记
handbook 手册；指南
newspaper 报纸
novel 小说
fiction 小说；虚构的事
health 健康；卫生
medicine 医学；药
environment 环境
education 教育
economy 经济
science 科学
geography 地理
journal 杂志；学科报纸
magazine 杂志；期刊
resume 简历；摘要
review 回顾；复习
advertisement 广告
brochure 小册子；资料；手册
专题02 阅读理解之记叙文
【题型解读】
记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局；（2）若是＂哲理故事＂，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是 ＂逸闻趣事＂，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。
【语篇特点】
内容上，记叙文应该包括六要素，即：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果。可以按事件发生的时间顺序写，也可以按事件发生的先后写。
命题上，主要集中在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。
选材上，新颖、生动、真实、典型的素材描写，让读者有身临其境的感觉。
形式上，顺叙、倒叙、插叙。
语言上，一般过去时为主，各种时态为辅，合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态是英语记叙文首要的语言特征；多用动词，尤其是动态强的行为动词是英语记叙文又一个明显的语言特征。
【写作意图】
1.讲述故事 ( tell / narrate / relate a story)
2.分享经验 (share an experience)
3.纪念人物 (remember a person)
4.阐明道理 (communicate an idea / convey a message)
【解题策略】
1.关注细节
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
2.注重联系
在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
3.读懂表象
如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“What can be inferred from … ”或是What does the author imply in… ”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
4.挖掘意义
每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。
【考法归纳】
1.细节理解题：考查对关键词汇、短语和句子的理解能力。要求回答what, why等信息。用到的能力有理解和语义复现。
2.分析判断题/推理判断题：考查考生理解文本特定义群的引申含义的能力。要求回答what ... know about...等信息。用到的能力有分析和判断。
3.词义猜测题：考查根据语境猜测词义的能力。猜测对象有代词、名词、动词、形容词或短语。用到的能力有猜测和合理推断。
4.主旨概括题：考查根据主题语境来概括文章主旨或标题的能力。要用到的能力有分析和概括。
5观点态度题及写作意图。设身处地地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，这样的话即使是深层理解题也可迎刃而解。
记叙文主旨概括题的破题方法：
（1）首段法：首段主旨句；转折词后；破折号后
（2）核心名词法：核心名词在文章中高频出现。可是“原词”或“同义词”不断曝光。
（3）合并法：整合各段落大意，整合各段落首段信息
（4）首位呼应法：整合首段和尾端信息
记叙文细节理解题的破题方法：
（1）划出题干，选项关键词；
（2）回忆文章结构，定位具体段落；
（3）理解细节内容，最后找出答案；
注意：记叙文细节理解题正确选项的特征一定是：
①核心词，原词复现/同义词、近义词替换；②语言简化
1.考查角度：
从命题上看，记叙文阅读理解以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，以观点态度题、写作意图题、词义猜测题和代词指代题为辅，总体上属于中等难度。记叙文阅读理解题要求考生能理清记叙文的顺序与所讲故事的情节，能准确把握任务的情感态度和作者的写作目的。
2.文体特点与阅读策略：
（1）文体和结构特点：
英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点或过程。其特点是：主题往往隐藏在字里行间，没有直接地表达出来；文章主旨要通过任务事件来提炼。文章大多数按照时间顺序、空间顺序、事情发展顺序来展开。
（2）阅读策略：
A.首先要通读全文，弄清六要素和记叙的顺序，特别要注意文章中所提到的多个事件、地点和人物，理清事件的起因、经过和结果；
B.然后阅读题干，在文章中查找相关的信息；
C.最后根据查找到的相关信息做出正确的选择。如果文中所涉及的人物较多，还要弄清人物之间的关系。
专题03 阅读理解之说明文
【题型解读】
说明文是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体，它以说明为主要表达方式，通过解说事物或阐明事理，达到教人以知识的目的，在结构上看，说明文总体结构通常分为三个部分：说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结；从段落组织方式上分，常见的有以下五种结构：总分式结构(总→分→总；总→分；分→总)；并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)；对照式结构(结构形式是“一正一反”)；递进式结构(文章各部分内容形成一层更进一层的形式)；连贯式结构(说明的各层次之间是按照事物发张过程来安排层次，前后互相承接)。说明文的特点是客观、简练、语言准确、明了，文章很少表达作者的感情倾向。阅读说明文的重点在于读懂它说明的事物或事理，了解事物的性质、构造、成因、功能等，了解事理的含意、特点等。
说明文常见的说明方法有：定义与诠释、举例与引用、分类与图表、比较与比喻和分析与综合等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清文章结构是解题的关键之一。
【语篇特点】
语言上，阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况。说明文因其生僻词汇多、句式复杂等特点，相对于其他体裁的文章来说难度更大。
结构上，说明文的特点是客观、简练，文章很少表达作者的感情倾向。说明文通常采用以下结构形式：
总分式。事物说明文常用“总－分”式、“总－分－总”式和“分－总”式结构，完整的“总－分－总”式说明文先总体概括，再分说，最后再总结。
递进式。事理说明文常用这种结构形式，通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地剖析事理。
并列式。文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。
对照式。通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同。
不管采用何种方式行文，说明文基本上都会遵循“首段引入所要说明的话题，其他部分采用并列式段落或递进式段落对其进行说明”这一规律。
1、研究报告类
研究报告说明文语篇结构一般是：
首先，研究结果及意义——主旨大意/最佳标题
接着，研究过程及方法——细节理解/推断
接着，对结论进一步阐述——细节理解/推断/说明方法
最后，专家评议（局限或前景）——细节理解/推断情感态度
2、社会现象类
社会现象类说明文语篇结构一般是：
首先，提出现象——写作目的
接着，分析原因——细节理解
接着，说明造成影响——细节理解
最后，提出解决问题的措施、建议、看法——细节理解
3、新方法类
新方法类说明文语篇结构一般是：
首先，介绍新方法——细节理解
接着，分析产生原因——细节理解
接着，介绍原理——细节理解
接着，分析优缺点——细节理解
最后，评价、前景——观点态度/细节理解
【解题策略】
快速浏览——整体把握说明对象
如果文章有标题那首先就要抓住文章的标题明确说明对象或是关注文章主题句、各段首末句明确说明对象；其次可抓住文章的结构归纳说明对象。一般说明文往往都会围绕一个主要问题或内容进行说明，而有的说明文则需要我们把小说明点归纳起来，构成全文的说明对象。
2.先题再文——精准定位重点解读
在对文章进行快速浏览之后，带着题干再读全文。阅读时做到有的放矢、有所侧重：明确说明对象、把握说明顺序、理清(段落间的)逻辑联系和把握作者态度。边读边将考查内容(主要是细节理解题和推理判断题)在原文中定位，然后重点解读定位的几个片段。
3.高效解读——破长难句解重难词
说明文的词汇和句式的运用较别的体裁的文章难度更大。如何高效解读关键在于破解长难句、解读重难词(包括生词和词块)的意义。
破解长难句：学会运用括号法分析长难句，把影响考生理解的各种从句、非谓语动词短语以及复杂介词短语括起来，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”的目的，进而准确理解句子含义。
解读生词义：说明文中的词汇运用灵活，同一词的不同词性的用法交替出现，未列入考纲的生词较多，通常达到了4-5%都对考生的理解造成了极大的障碍。不过考生可以通过说明文的语言特点来帮助解读生词义。例如可以利用原文中的“下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号(如破折号、冒号都有表示解释和说明)”等方法来解读生词义。另外考生要学会作出适当的放弃：无关大局的生僻词汇阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。比如有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词解读出来。
【考法归纳】
a.寻找主题句的6个微技能
(1) Now(如今)…暗示本文即将要讲的事很有可能与以往不同。
(2) 表转折的词。段落中出现but, however, actually, while, in fact, on the contrary, in contrast等时，其后的内容往往是作者真正要表达的观点。
(3)表总结的词。如therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词后内容也可能是主题。
(4)多次重复的词。如果一篇文章中多次出现某个词，该词往往是体现文章主旨的关键词。
(5) 若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章的主旨。
(6) 说明实验结论或调查结果的句子。如their studies show that…， the experiment shows that…， scientists/researchers have found that…或there is evidence suggesting that… 中that从句的内容通常就是主旨。也可能是主题。
b:如何归纳概括大意:
(1)根据文中反复出现的高频词，即keywords.
(2)文章大意可根据每段的段落大意来总结。
(3根据文章结构及文章体裁。
C.常见写作手法：
★分类法（by classification）
★比较法（by comparison）
★举例法（by example）
★程序法（by process）
★因果法（by cause and effect）
★定义法（by definition）
★时序法（by following the order of time）
★重要性法（by importance,）
★分析原因法（by analyzing cause）
★引入数据或研究（by using data or mentioning some studies）
★描述法（by description）
d.细节理解题
通过题干选定关键词→ 回原文进行信息定位 → 将选项与原文信息比对（得出正确答案）
专题04 阅读理解之议论文
【题型解读】
议论文说理性强，语言庄重，逻辑缜密，常用难词、长词和复杂句，给我们的阅读理解带来一定难度。
议论文是运用逻辑推理和证明来阐述某一观点、看法和主张的文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。
议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，即中心思想，是论据和论证的服务对象。论据是作者所引用的用以支持和证明论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证或统计数据等。论证是作者组织、运用论据的手法。
【题型特点】
（1）主旨题：考查考生对于议论文基本观点的理解，是主旨题设题的目的。做这种类型的题目要弄清作者想说什么，即作者写此文章的目的。
（2）推理判断题：这种题型的特点是以事实为依据，但其结果又绝不是事实本身。它主要测试考生的逻辑思维能力，侧重于推理。
（3）细节题：细节题也是议论文试题的主要题型。这种题要求考生理解文中的具体观点和具体事实。
（4）词义理解题。英语词语的词意非常丰富，语境不同，词意也不同，要专心揣摩在上下文中的含义。
【解题策略】
一、抓住论点找主旨。
阅读议论文最重要的是抓住文章的论点，找到文章的论点也就把握了文章的主旨。一般来说，作者会在开头段落交代文章的论点，因此，细读文章首段尤为重要。
二、理清文章结构。
议论文一般采用“总分总”的结构，作者先给出论点，然后从不同方面（正面，反面）进行论证，最后给出总结或者自己的观点。文章中会出现较为明显的转折，递进，并列或者归纳总结等的逻辑关系词。考生在阅读时，要理清文章结构，找到论点的基础上进而理解作者给出的论据，突破细节理解题和推理判断题。
三、体会语言特点。
能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是体现阅读能力的重要方面。一般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确地表达出来的，需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。
推理判断题解题技巧：排除法
1.如果要求对某段内容进行推断，推理，那么就只看题干要求的那段。
2.一般排除绝对项(must,always,never, all, only, have to, none, completely)
常选语气可能性不大的答案(may,might,could ,be likely to,possible,not necessarily）
3.排除照抄原文项或对原文作字面解释的项
【解题原则】
(1)忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。
文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。
在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节的问题常有以下几种命题方式：
①Which of the following statements is true
②Which of the following is not mentioned in the text
③The author (or the passage) states that __________.
④According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.) __________
(2)干扰项：范围过大、过小；偷换概念；正误并存，某个分句是正确的。
阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置有以下几个原则：
①包含项原则
在答案选项分析中，假如对A选项的理解概括了对其他三项 (或其中某一项)的理解，那么我们就说选项A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A往往就是正确答案。如在＂花＂与＂玫瑰＂两选项中，正确答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。
②正反项原则
所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。两个相互矛盾的陈述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四选项中A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C、D项，正确答案一般在A、B项当中。
③委婉项原则
所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually, might, most of, more or less, relatively, be likely to, not necessary, although, yet, in addition, tend to等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, all, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly, already等等。
④同形项原则
命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考查考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项中有正确答案的存在。
⑤常识项原则
议论文中，那些符合一般常识、意义深刻富有哲理、符合一般规律、属于普遍现象的往往是正确答案。
⑥因果项原则
阅读理解的逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理过头(止于后果)，这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则启示我们：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是两个因果项中的其中之一。如果因项可产生几个结果，那么答案就是因；如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果。
解题方法：原文定位法。
查读法：(1)带着问题找答案，把注意力集中在与who, what, when, where问题有关的细节上。(2)细心!
常见题干及选项（务必背会题干和选项中的高频词）
What problem does the first paragraph focus on
What does the new research focus on
What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text
What did the experiments in Paragraph 3 conclude
How did Stroud conduct his research
How was the study conducted
What do data/numbers/figures/statistics published in 2023 suggest
What conclusion can be drawn from the study
What is the significance of the research finding
What will Stroud probably do in the future
题干举例
1.How was the study conducted conduct a research进行一项研究
A. By comparing different pare 对比comparison
B. By observing bonobos’ interactions. observe 观察
C. By listing group members’ motivations. list 列清单
D. By analysing statistics of previous studies. analyse statistics 分析数据
2. How does Otten find(认为) the study
A. Forward-looking（有远见的；有预见的）.
B. Groundbreaking （开拓性的；独创性的）
C. Controversial （引起争论的；有争议的debatable）
D. One-sided（片面）
3. Why is Sth mentioned in Paragraph 3
A. To present（呈现） a fact. （呈现事实）
B. To illustrate（阐明） a view. （阐明观点）
C. To introduce a topic. （引出话题）
D. To draw a conclusion. （得出结论）
4.How does the author illustrate his idea in paragraph 4
A. By listing figures. B. By giving examples.
C. By explaining a concept. D. By citing experts’ words. cite/quote ：V.引用
5.What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph
A. Conclusions from the experiment.
B. Insights into dogs’ experiences. (对.....的深入了解）
C. Expectations for future studies.
D. Applications of the discovery.
E.Limitation(局限性,不足）
F:Follow-up study（后续研究）
G:Suggestion
6.What is Dr Katovich’s conclusion based on
A. Previous studies. B. Relevant data. C. Reasonable prediction. D. Experiment results.
7.How did the researchers carry out their study of dolphins
A. By analyzing mother dolphins' sound features. analyze
B. By recording parent-child interaction frequency. record
C. By measuring the distance between parent and child. measure
D. By examining the speech organs of mother dolphins. examine
8.What is the carmakers’ attitude towards the future of EV industry
A. Dissatisfied. B. Dismissive（轻视的）. C. Cautious（谨慎的）. D. Casual（满不在乎的）
9.What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles
A. Disapproving B. Tolerant（能容忍的）C. Objective. D. Reserved（保留的）.reserve judgment 保留意见，
10.What is the author’s attitude towards the advanced research
A. Supportive. B. Dismissive. C. Opposed. D. Impartial（公正的；不偏不倚的）.
11.What is Professor Erleben's attitude towards digital twins
A. Doubtful. B. Curious. C. Favorable. D. Dismissive.
What is the author’s attitude towards the CORSIA
A. Disapproving. B. Confused. C. Favorable. D. Unconcerned（漠不关心的）.
12.What’s the author’s attitude towards background spending
A. Supportive. B. Optimistic. C. Critical（批判的）. D. Unclear.
观点态度类词汇：
支持
1. positive 肯定的；实际的；积极的；确实的
2. favorable 赞成的；有利的；赞许的；良好的
3. approving 赞成的；同意的
4. enthusiastic 热心的；热情的
5. supportive支持的；支援的
6. optimistic乐观的
7. admiring赞赏的 appreciative
8. convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的
反对
negative 否定的；消极的
disapproving不赞成的；表示反对的
opposed 反对的
unfavorable adj. 不利
失望
pessimistic 悲观的
disappointed 失望的
dissatisfied不满的
depressed沮丧的；消沉的
frustrated 沮丧的；失意的
冷漠
indifferent 漠不关心的
unconcerned不关心的
怀疑
suspicion猜疑怀疑 suspicious可疑的； 怀疑的
doubtful adj. 可疑的；不确的；疑心的
skeptical 怀疑的；心存疑惑地
questioning质疑的
puzzling使迷惑的； 使莫明其妙的
担忧
anxiety 忧虑 anxious 焦虑的
worried 困恼的
uneasy心神不安的
upset v. 使心烦意乱 adj. 沮丧
客观
1. objective 客观的
2. neutral中立的
3. impartial 公平的；不偏不倚的
4. unprejudiced 没有偏见的
5. unbiased没有偏见的5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者自己因童年时被灌输饮食观念而影响了与食物的关系，心理学家建议家长在饮食上少干预，作者尝试策略后发现孩子能做更好的饮食决策。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. ‘You don’t want to get fat’ was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. (当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常被告知什么不能吃。“你不想变胖”这句话在我整个童年时期不断重复。这真的搞砸了我与食物的关系 —— 这是我花了多年时间才克服的问题)”可知，作者童年时被灌输的饮食观念对其产生了负面影响，由此可推断出，作者对自己童年时被喂养的方式持批判态度。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段“According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. ‘There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,’ she says. ‘It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.’ (根据心理学教授夏洛特·马基的说法，食物是为数不多的家长说得少反而更好的话题之一。“在育儿方面，有很多事情值得深入讨论，但我不认为食物是其中之一，”她说。“这只会给孩子们带来一些不必要的担忧和不安全感，这并不健康。”)”可知，马基不赞成家长和孩子过多谈论食物相关的话题，而向孩子解释吃零食的风险属于谈论食物的话题，所以马基不会赞成。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead, she recommends applying a well known concept among nutrition experts called the ‘Division of Responsibility,’ where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. (相反，她建议应用营养专家中一个著名的概念，即‘责任划分’，在这个概念中，家长在固定的时间为孩子提供各种主要是健康的食物，而孩子自己决定想吃什么和吃多少 —— 即使这意味着偶尔吃的饼干比胡萝卜多)”可知，根据“责任划分”，孩子应该自己做饮食决策。故选A项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. (我一直在尝试这些策略，我发现当我不那么严格限制时，他们确实会做出更好的决策)”可知，孩子们确实会做出更好的决策，所以作者会认为自己所遵循的策略是可行的。故选C项。
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了软件工程师Karthik在阿拉斯加拍摄白头鹰的经历，以及他对摄影的热爱和耐心如何帮助他赢得国家地理年度摄影比赛的故事。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段““Wherever there’s salmon there’s going to be chaos.” Karthik put it as he camped out near the shore of the Eagle Preserve in Alaska, waiting for action.(“哪里有鲑鱼，哪里就会出现混乱。”卡蒂克在阿拉斯加鹰保护区海岸附近露营，等待行动时写下了这句话）以及第二段“It was the final day of his week-long photography trip and just a few hours before his ship departed(这是他为期一周的摄影之旅的最后一天，距离他的船离开只有几个小时)”可知，这句话引出了文章的主题，即Karthik在阿拉斯加拍摄白头鹰的经历。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据上文“Karthik noticed there was a branch(卡蒂克注意到有一根树枝)”以及下文“This choice put the eagles closer to the shore(这个选择使鹰离海岸更近了)”可知，一些鹰停留在树枝上等待狩猎鲑鱼。所以划线词为“停留”的意思。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“What Karthik appreciates most about the photo is the tension of the moment. “It opens up the question: what happened next ” he says.(卡蒂克最欣赏这张照片的是那一刻的紧张感。“这引出了一个问题：接下来发生了什么？”他说)可知，Karthik喜欢这张照片是因为它充满了不确定性和期待。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“As Karthik trained his lens on a branch, there was chaos: an incoming eagle flooded in, terrifying its current resident, and claiming the best spot. He titled the resulting image “Dance of the Eagles” and submitted it to the National Geographic Pictures of the Year contest.(当卡蒂克将镜头对准一根树枝时，一片混乱：一只飞来的鹰冲了进来，吓坏了它现在的居民，并占据了最好的位置。他将最终的照片命名为“鹰之舞”，并将其提交给国家地理年度图片大赛)”,第五段“Hearing that two bald eagles were nesting on top of an elementary school two hours from home, Karthik began going there on the weekends, camping out for as long as it took to capture them flying out to hunt.(听说两只秃鹰在离家两小时路程的一所小学楼顶筑巢，卡蒂克开始在周末去那里露营，只要能捕捉到它们飞出去狩猎的样子，就在那里露营)以及最后一段“The patience he learned in that trial period paid off.(他在那段试用期间学会的耐心得到了回报)”可推知，Karthik是一个耐心且善于观察的人。故选C。
C篇
【答案】9．C 10．D 12．D 13．B
【导语】本文是书信形式的记叙文。这是一封祖母写给孙女的信，通过讲述家族中流传的感恩故事，传递了感恩的重要性和家族传承的价值。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“Mrs. Thompson, our neighbor, stood there with a basket full of food. “I’m thankful for good neighbors,” she said simply, pressing the basket into my mother’s hands before hurrying away. That night, as we enjoyed our unexpected meal, my father declared, “When we have enough, we must remember this kindness and pass it on.”(我们的邻居Thompson夫人站在门口，手里提着一篮子食物。“我很感激有好邻居，”她简单地说，把篮子塞到我母亲手里后就匆匆离开了。那天晚上，当我们享用这顿意外的晚餐时，我父亲宣布：“当我们有足够的能力时，一定要记住这份恩情，并将它传递下去。”)”可知，这个家庭对Thompson夫人的善举非常感激。故选C。
10．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Years passed, and our fortunes improved. True to his word, my father always found ways to help others, saying it was an echo of Mrs. Thompson’ s kindness. I watched as he slipped groceries onto the porches (门廊) of struggling families, secretly paid for children’s school supplies, and volunteered at the local shelter. (岁月流逝，我们家的境况逐渐好转。父亲信守承诺，总是想办法帮助别人，他说这是Thompson夫人善行的回响。我看到他悄悄把杂货放在贫困家庭的门廊上，偷偷为孩子们支付学习用品的费用，还在当地的收容所做志愿者。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了Thompson夫人的善举对祖母的父亲产生的影响，使得他信守承诺，总是想办法帮助别人。故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，信件开篇祖母表明要和孙女分享一个塑造家族传承的感恩故事，接着讲述了1955年邻居Thompson太太在自家困难时送来食物，祖母的父亲承诺日子好过时将善意传递下去，后来祖母的父亲又帮助了祖父Jack，Jack心怀感恩并传递善意，祖母和祖父也教导子女感恩和传递善意，最后祖母将这个故事传给孙女Emma，强调感恩是一种行动，有强大的力量。故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，祖母从邻居Thompson太太给予帮助，父亲承诺传递善意，到父亲帮助祖父、祖父心怀感恩继续传递善意，再到家族一直传承这种做法，最后将故事传给孙女，整个过程都围绕着感恩和传递善意展开，这表明信件传达的核心信息是人们应该学会感恩并传递善意。故选B。
9．A 10．C 11．D 12．A
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点戒备的姿态，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。
11．主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。高三英语阅读专项之说明文
姓名：___________班级：___________
A
（2025·湖南·一模）In the Red Sea sandwiched between northeast Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, octopuses and different species of fish hunt together among the coral reefs.
“It’s not just one octopus and one fish,” says Eduardo Sampaio, a behavioral biologist at the Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior in Konstanz, Germany. “We’re talking about one octopus and five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten very different fish.” In a recently-published study, he and his colleagues argue the creatures are sharing the leadership as they make hunting decisions.
Before this study, researchers had universally thought that the octopus was hunting by itself, and that the fish were freeloading (吃白食). But for Sampaio, these conclusions were largely drawn from looking at the situation from the surface. He wondered whether something more complex might be going on. So he decided to find out.
“We can actually go with cameras, reconstruct everything in 3D, and try to see who’s following who,” Sampaio says. “But you have to find the octopus, an animal that has evolved not to be found,” he adds. “When you find it hunting, you should make sure that it continues hunting like you aren’t there and doesn’t escape.”
After a month of diving, Sampaio managed to record hours of hunting of these unusual groups. “I instantly understood the fish weren’t just following the octopus around because you could see they moved in a stop-and-go pattern,” he says. “Once this stopping occurred, there were always fish that started to go around looking for prey (猎物). When the fish presented possible targets to the octopus, the octopus moved and selected the one it wanted.”
Feeding is “first come, first serve”. But with the hunting happening over and over again, all the group members get to eat. And Sampaio says that the octopus punches (击打) the fish if the group is at a standstill for too long.
1．What might be a driving force for Sampaio’s study
A．Desire to challenge himself. B．Curiosity about the Red Sea.
C．Interest in an unsolved problem. D．Doubt about some common beliefs.
2．What was challenging for Sampaio’s team
A．Reconstructing the hunting in 3D．
B．Staying underwater for a long time.
C．Finding and observing the group hunting.
D．Identifying and sorting fish species in the sea.
3．How do the fish contribute to the group hunting
A．They explore the environment.
B．They distract the possible prey.
C．They protect the octopus from dangers.
D．They make choices about possible targets.
4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A．Mystery under the Red Sea B．Rare mixed-species cooperation
C．New survival strategy of octopuses D．Harmony between prey and hunters
B
（24-25高三下·浙江宁波·阶段练习）In the cutthroat world of artificial intelligence, long dominated by Silicon Valley, DeepSeek has emerged as an impressive new player. Since its debut in late 2023, this Chinese AI has stirred global attention, representing more than just another technological innovation. It’s a complex phenomenon that reflects the shifting landscape of innovation, power and cultural influence in the AI-driven era.
Developed by QuantumThink Labs in Shenzhen, DeepSeek was created by a team of ex-Google Brain engineers and Peking University experts. DeepSeek is not your average chatbot. Trained on an astonishing 20 trillion tokens, this multimodal model showcases linguistic proficiency, code generation capabilities and reasoning skills that rival or surpass its Western counterparts. What truly sets DeepSeek apart is its remarkable efficiency, delivering GPT-4-level performance with 30 percent less computational power.
In a strategic move, QuantumThink made a “lite” version of DeepSeek open source, a decision that has sparked widespread adoption across the globe. Developers from cities like Lagos to Jakarta have quickly embraced it to create poetry generators and AI-powered farm management tools for rural India.
However, DeepSeek’s growing influence is not without challenges. There are concerns that US government may block American firms from using DeepSeek, mentioning data security concerns. Tariff (关税) war could also be on the cards. Yet, such moves might backfire, potentially harming US startups that benefit from DeepSeek’s cost advantages.
The future of AI, with DeepSeek at the center, remains a mystery. Will it trigger a tech battle between the US and China, or will its open-source roots foster global collaboration DeepSeek’s story is not just about technology; it’s about the power of innovation and agency.
For too long, the AI narrative has been dominated by Western powers. Now, a Chinese lab has shown that innovation is not exclusive to the West. Whether we enter an AI arms race or begin a new era of global cooperation depends on how we choose to use and share this technology. As a Brazilian coder said, the future of AI must speak the language of both the developed and developing world to truly succeed.
1．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about
A．The creation of DeepSeek. B．The definition of DeepSeek.
C．The strengths of DeepSeek. D．The efficiency of DeepSeek.
2．What might be a challenge DeepSeek faces
A．Involvement in tariff war. B．The possibility of data leaking.
C．A decline in its competitiveness. D．A ban on its use from US government.
3．Which of the following best describes the future of AI
A．Uncertain. B．Secure. C．Promising. D．Depressing.
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．AI should prioritize Western languages.
B．We will enter a new era of global AI cooperation.
C．Considering global needs is required to ensure AI’s success.
D．Developing countries will eventually dominate AI innovation.
C
In Morten Tyldum’s movie Passengers, characters Jim Preston and Aurora Lane are on a 120-year interstellar journey with 5,000 other people. Their destination: Homestead II, a new world to start their lives anew. To survive the travel, passengers entered hibernation(冬眠), each one frozen in their own pod. However, something goes wrong and Jim and Aurora wake up 90 years too early. But what if we told you that hibernation for space travel is more likely to happen than the romantic story between Jim and Aurora
Hibernation is a state in which living organisms slow down their metabolic (新陈代谢的) processes while maintaining essential functions. Once inside these pods, astronauts will get drugs to adjust metabolism, reduce core temperature, and cause inactivity. Once back on Earth, they will wake up and gradually readopt their normal functional metabolism.
For going to Mars, astronauts would require about 30 kg of food, water, air, and other supplies per day. Thus, hibernation can significantly cut down on their essential needs Additionally, hibernating astronauts wouldn’t get bored, stressed, or lonely, and less time and space would be needed to help keep them fit or entertained.
But this is merely the theory. Space agencies are investigating whether reducing body temperature and later inducing(导致)metabolism is a more practical option, while most research projects are currently focusing on animals. The question is: how can we evoke hibernation in species that are not normally doing that And this is why the research on rats, not naturally hibernating animals, is interesting, Research on bears is also important since their body size is more relatable to ours.
The concept is not being considered for the forthcoming Mars mission, but for longer missions to farther destinations such as the outer planets, it could be a very useful technology Hibernation for humans is an ethically controversial concept, and critics may consider it as a mad scientist’s dream. However, without such dreamers, humanity would still be in the Middle Ages.
1.Why does the author mention the movie Passengers
A. To advertise a popular sci-fi space movie.
B. To introduce a new approach to long spaceflights.
C. To explore the possibility of settling another planet.
D. To reveal the potential dangers of long space travels
2. What happens to hibernating astronauts
A. Their functional metabolism is disturbed.
B. They need more time and space for entertainment.
C. They lose the balance between basic needs and supplies.
D. Their physical and mental needs are reduced to a minimum
3. What does the underlined word “evoke” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Initiate. B. Justify. C. Define. D. Prioritize.
4.What does the author think of hibernation for humans
A. It may be a risky strategy.
B. It is a dream hard to realize.
C. It can advance social progress.
D. It challenges traditional moral values.
D
（24-25高三上·广东·阶段练习）Young families with children are a shrinking (缩小) part of the US population. The decline is especially pronounced in major urban cities, including Boston, San Francisco, New York, and so on. Americans aged 25 to 44 — the years when people typically start families — are increasingly moving to rural counties and small cities.
Actually, besides property tax payments, young families contribute to the economy by spending on housing, groceries, child care, health care, recreation, and education. They help generate stable jobs in sectors such as education, health care, and hospitality. By participating in local events, young families help develop a sense of belonging and strengthen cities’ social fabric. Neighborhoods with young families tend to have lower crime rates due to parents' investment in their children's safety and well-being.
Why are these families leaving large cities There’re many reasons, including high costs of living and housing, quality of education and school systems, and environmental and health factors.
But some cities are going against this trend. For example, Austin, Texas, has become a major tech center in recent years, with many companies relocating or expanding there and creating jobs. Austin’s relatively low cost of living, strong public school system, and lots of parks and recreational activities make it a destination that’s often highly rated for families. Raleigh, North Carolina, is another popular draw for young families with children. It offers a strong job market in technology, health care, and education and affordable housing.
Overall, families with children consider many factors in choosing a place to live. Affordable and family-friendly housing is usually a top priority. Cities seeking to attract families could prioritize developing affordable single-family homes, townhomes, and apartments with family-friendly features, such as common play spaces. Anoth er priority for attracting and retaining young families is well-funded public schools with excellent teachers, and resources. Most cities don’t have the resources to pursue all of these goals at once. But picking one or two as targets is a good way to move forward.
1．What can we learn about young families from paragraph 2
A．They form the backbone of cities.
B．They like the high quality of city life.
C．Big cities are more suitable for them.
D．City life is a heavy burden for them.
2．Why does the author mention Austin
A．To make a comparison with Raleigh. B．To show its family-friendly features.
C．To predict its population shrinkage. D．To explain the importance of big cities.
3．What does the author convey in the last paragraph
A．Urban resources are being overused now.
B．City construction should be slowed down.
C．Young families tend to live in small cities.
D．Measures should be taken for young families.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Urban Life of Young Families B．Rise of Rural Child-Raising
C．Decline in City Young Families D．family-Friendly City Strategies高三英语阅读专项之议论文
姓名__________班级__________
A
(2025陕西省西安市一模)Elon Musk has offered a prize of $100m for the best carbon capture proposal. I can save his committee a lot of time. The money should go to Peter Wohlleben, whose book The Hidden Life of Trees was the most encouraging blockbuster of 2015. Wohlleben’s idea is this: do nothing about trees. Stop fiddling with them, thinking that we can deal with climate change better than nature. If we fiddle, our Romes will burn.
The Hidden Life of Trees argued that trees are social. It shows that they can be our saviors. But it’s terribly hard to let ourselves be saved. We think we can be the authors of our salvation (拯救). Of course, there are things we could and should be doing, but in terms of forestry practice, often what’s billed as part of the solution is part of the problem.
Anyone who has planted a tree in their garden knows that it has a far-reaching effect — it makes your garden cooler in summer and warmer in winter. Forests cool by transpiring (蒸发). If there’s no water, there’s no cooling. Drought can kill trees fast, but trees have many ways of dealing with it, and Wohlleben sets them out. As a species, we have survived many climatic changes by changing our behavior — and that’s how trees survive, too. Trees learn from their past harms and produce younger ones programmed with those lessons. They regulate their growth by changing the rate at which they drip (点滴)-feed them with sugar solution through root networks.
Deciduous (落叶的) forests in particular remove greenhouse gases effectively as long as they live. Cut them down and burn them and you’re releasing carbon dioxide not just from the wood, but also from the forest floor. Deciduous trees are not “harvest-ready” at 200 years: they are teenagers. We must interrogate comforting expressions such as “renewable energy”, and learn the real cost of our toilet paper.
If we don’t learn to do nothing about trees, they will eventually be alone anyway—but without us. Wohlleben brilliantly and readably shows us how urgent and how hard it is to do nothing.
1 What does Wohlleben suggest for carbon capture
A. Fight climate change. B. Leave trees alone.
C. Save the earth. D. Change forestry species.
2. How do trees survive the drought
A. They slow their growth. B. They lose all their leaves.
C. They stop absorbing water. D. They get help from humans.
3. What can we infer from the text
A. We can cope with climate change successfully. B. Trees can adjust their growth by themselves.
C. It is hard to stop releasing carbon dioxide. D. It is urgent to regulate the growth of trees.
4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To illustrate the carbon capture system. B. To give an account of the survival of trees.
C. To clarify a proposal for a reward. D. To recommend a book.
B
（24-25高三下·广东广州·阶段练习）Socrates declared that the unexamined life wasn’t worth living for a human being, implying that we should attempt to know ourselves, to think through our actions, choices, prejudices and attitudes. But when it comes to thinking about our own happiness and what makes our lives go well, it really does seem that this reflective attitude can ruin our chances of finding what we seek.
Perhaps it’s not surprising that we are better designed for engaging in other activities than reflecting on how best to achieve our own happiness and well-being. Doing things that enhance our growth in physical, social and intellectual areas tends to bring the reward of feeling good, and so stimulates us further to pursue those activities. Sitting around reflecting on what will make us happy is a lot less efficient than chasing the things that make us happy, and if we think too much, there is an opportunity cost - time that we could have spent in a worthwhile activity has gone while we were thinking deeply about the best way to develop.
The philosopher David has written about the role of reflective thinking in sports. One of his observations is that while sports people need to think about the basic actions they are performing, it can be counterproductive to start thinking about the elements making up those actions. A footballer needs to think about kicking the ball low and hard to the left of the goalkeeper, but not to overthink the mechanics of the precise small movements of legs and feet that produce that outcome. If he or she does start this sort of thought process, it very often leads to a poorer shot. What’s needed is a kind of automatic response to the situation.
Perhaps something similar is going on in our life. Those people who start detailed programs of self-development in various dimensions, focusing on diet, habits, exercise, mental activity, work output, and so on, are like the footballer thinking through the small muscle movements. Perhaps their well-meaning self-reflection on their own development and how they want to achieve it, is the very thing that will make a high level of development forever unobtainable for them.
1．What may cause an opportunity cost
A．Spending time on worthy activities.
B．Joining in social meetings actively.
C．Getting stuck in much self-reflection.
D．Doing physical exercises efficiently.
2．What does the underlined word “counterproductive” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Ineffective. B．Meaningless. C．Constructive. D．Profitable.
3．What does the author suggest readers do to achieve their goals
A．Make a comprehensive plan. B．Adopt a direct approach.
C．Think carefully before action. D．Attach importance to details.
4．What is a suitable title for this text
A．The Risk of Overthinking B．The Key to Well-being
C．The Way to Think Reflectively D．The Method to Develop Yourself
C
When caught in the rain, we have all run for cover—often to a nearby tree. On the way, we step over short-lived puddles and hastily formed streams, marveling at how quickly the soil changes from supportive and predictable to untrustworthy: slippery, soft, and spongy. At the first chance we tend to flee, skipping further observation.
Given that direct observations are often unfeasible, remote observation systems are crucial in capturing phenomena that are frequent and unpredictable. However, the Bimbache community of El Hierro observed water running down tree bark during fog events and captured it for drinking, washing and agriculture. If more contemporary hydrologists (水文学家) had watched the raking of fog by trees, forest managers may not have logged the Bull Run Watershed, which reduced local rainfall by 30%.
Water science faces criticism because of “techno-optimism that tries to solve all problems despite not asking fundamental questions”. In fact, this issue extends beyond water science. An interdisciplinary research team led by John Van Stan from Cleveland State University argues that scientists should go beyond the laboratory to directly observe weather phenomena. The researchers insist that hands-on observation of storm events is crucial in comprehending the complexities of wet weather.
“Natural scientists seem increasingly content to stay dry and rely on remote sensors and samplers, models, and virtual experiments to understand natural systems. Consequently, we can miss important stormy phenomena, imaginative inspiration, and opportunities to build intuition—all of which are critical to scientific progress,” said Van Stan’s team.
This type of “umbrella science”, they warn, can miss important localized events. For instance, in describing rainwater’s flow from the forest treetops to the soils, the authors note that “if several branches efficiently capture and carry storm water to the stem, rainwater inputs to near-stem soils can be more than 100 times greater”. Likewise, water vapor (水蒸气) clouds trapped beneath forest treetop covers may escape remote detection, yet be sensitive to scientists on the ground. On a broader level, these oversights can affect ground Earth system models, which often underestimate forest treetop water storage.
Direct observation, however, has gone beyond making up for the shortcomings of “umbrella science”. Van Stan and colleagues see core value in first-hand storm experiences—not only for natural scientists, but also students studying the impacts of climate change on ecosystems.
1．How do people tend to react to rain
A．In a defensive manner. B．In a scientific manner.
C．With a wait-and-see attitude. D．With an observation-oriented attitude.
2．Which of the following words can replace the underlined word in paragraph 2
A．Impolite. B．Impossible. C．Inconvenient. D．Illogical.
3．What does Van Stan’s research team argue in terms of hands-on observation
A．It is effortless and precise. B．It is virtual and accepted.
C．It is complex yet time-saving. D．It is crucial yet overlooked.
4．What will the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows
A．The grounds for starting the research.
B．The scientific value of conducting the research.
C．The strengths of the research for learners majoring in ecology.
D．The expert evaluations of the research across disciplines.
D
（2025·山东青岛·一模）“Shhh!” This is the demand that eco-acoustics (生态声学) researcher Jerome Sueur makes of humanity. The noises of technology spread across even the remotest corners of the planet. Sueur explores the impact of the ever-present sound on the animal world in Natural History of Silence.
Between travelogue-style chapters and philosophical reflections, the book covers many key terms and theories, such as the acoustic niche hypothesis (声学生态位假说), which assumes that each species has its own acoustic space to improve communication with its own kind and limit sound competition from other species. Sueur’s point is this: silence is a crucial resource, like food or water, which species compete for to survive. “Making sound is important,” he writes. But humans need to “make sure we are not more alive than others”.
When the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病) unexpectedly put human activities on hold, noise-monitoring organizations in France recorded a 60 – 75% drop in sound levels in many cities. Globally, wildlife communication changed during lockdowns. Fish and dolphins off the coast of New Zealand extended the range of their calls by 65% owing to a sharp reduction in boat travel. However, when humans emerged from their homes, so did all human-generated sounds and their harmful effects on natural systems, Sueur writes.
Sueur calls for a greater awareness of the need to preserve zones where noise is not welcome, effectively proposing a global network of silent shelters for wildlife. The book, thus, highlights an imaginary dividing line between humanity and nature — an approach to conservation that has thwarted contemporary environmentalists who believe true conservation success comes from building a harmonious bond with nature. Some even argue against it in public and attempt to seek more all-around solutions that involve local and indigenous (本土) communities.
To encourage readers to act, the book could have included stories about successful no-fly zones where communities are working to address the problem. But the focus on solutions is narrow. Instead, his winding and wordy writing often carries a tone of anger, which could drive away the people he wants to silence.
1．What does the acoustic niche hypothesis assume
A．Species use sounds to communicate. B．Each species has a unique sound range.
C．Species compete for sound resources. D．Making sound is the key to survival.
2．Why are fish and dolphins mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To show the destruction caused by the pandemic.
B．To stress the role of animals in the local ecosystem.
C．To illustrate the impact of human activities on wildlife.
D．To compare responses of different animals to lockdowns.
3．What does the underlined word “thwarted” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Enlightened. B．Transformed. C．Misled. D．Discouraged.
4．What can we learn about the book from the last paragraph
A．It is written in an objective tone. B．It serves its writing purpose well.
C．It fails to relate to certain readers. D．It conveys rather shallow ideas.A篇
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D
【导语】本文是一篇书评。作者评论了彼得·沃勒本的书《树的隐秘生活》。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段“Elon Musk has offered a prize of $100m for the best carbon capture proposal.( 埃隆·马斯克为最佳碳捕获方案提供了1亿美元的奖金)”；“The money should go to Peter Wohlleben(钱应该给彼得·沃勒本)”和“Wohlleben’s idea is this: do nothing about trees.( Wohlleben的想法是：只有树木)”可知，对与碳捕获，Wohlleben建议仅留下树木。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段“As a species, we have survived many climatic changes by changing our behaviour — and that’s how trees survive, too.(作为一个物种，我们通过改变我们的行为在许多气候变化中幸存下来——这也是树木生存的方式)”和“They regulate their growth by changing the rate at which they drip (点滴)-feed them with sugar solution through root networks.(它们通过改变滴水的速度来调节自己的生长——通过根部网络给它们喂食糖溶液)”可知，树木通过减慢生长速度度过干旱时期。故选A。
3.推理判断题。根据第三段“Trees learn from their past harms and produce younger ones programmed with those lessons. They regulate their growth by changing the rate at which they drip (点滴)-feed them with sugar solution through root networks.(树木从过去的伤害中吸取教训，并根据这些教训生出更年轻的树。它们通过改变滴水的速度来调节自己的生长——通过根部网络给它们喂食糖溶液)”可知，树木可以自己调节生长。故选B。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段“The money should go to Peter Wohlleben, whose book The Hidden Life of Trees was the most encouraging blockbuster (一鸣惊人) of 2015.(奖金应该颁给彼得·沃勒本，他的书《树的隐秘生活》是2015年最令人鼓舞的大片)”和第二段“The Hidden Life of Trees argued that trees are social. It shows that they can be our saviours.(《树的隐秘生活》认为树是社会性的。这表明他们可以成为我们的救世主)”以及下文内容可知，本文评论了彼得·沃勒本的书《树的隐秘生活》，是为了推荐这本书。故选D。
B篇
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了反思性思考在追求个人幸福和成功方面的作用及其局限性。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Sitting around reflecting on what will make us happy is a lot less efficient than chasing the things that make us happy, and if we think too much, there is an opportunity cost - time that we could have spent in a worthwhile activity has gone while we were thinking deeply about the best way to develop. (坐下来思考什么能让我们快乐比追求让我们快乐的事情效率低得多，如果我们想得太多，就会有机会成本——我们本可以花在有价值的活动上的时间，却在我们深入思考发展的最佳方式时浪费了。)”可知，陷入过多的自我反省可能导致机会成本。故选C项。
2．词句猜测题。根据后文“A footballer needs to think about kicking the ball low and hard to the left of the goalkeeper, but not to overthink the mechanics of the precise small movements of legs and feet that produce that outcome. If he or she does start this sort of thought process, it very often leads to a poorer shot. (一名足球运动员需要考虑把球踢得又低又猛，踢到守门员的左边，但不要过多地考虑腿部和脚部精确的微小运动所产生的效果。如果他或她确实开始了这种思维过程，那通常会导致射球不佳。)”可知，如果运动员过多地考虑腿部和脚部精确的微小运动所产生的效果，会产生反效果，推知counterproductive应是“产生相反效果”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Perhaps something similar is going on in our life. Those people who start detailed programs of self-development in various dimensions, focusing on diet, habits, exercise, mental activity, work output, and so on, are like the footballer thinking through the small muscle movements. Perhaps their well-meaning self-reflection on their own development and how they want to achieve it, is the very thing that will make a high level of development forever unobtainable for them. (也许类似的事情正在我们的生活中发生。那些在饮食、习惯、运动、心理活动、工作输出等各个方面开始详细的自我发展计划的人，就像足球运动员通过小肌肉运动思考问题一样。也许他们对自身发展和如何实现发展的善意反思，正是使他们永远无法获得高水平发展的原因。)”可推知，作者建议读者采用直接的方法来实现他们的目标。故选B项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Socrates declared that the unexamined life wasn’t worth living for a human being, implying that we should attempt to know ourselves, to think through our actions, choices, prejudices and attitudes. But when it comes to thinking about our own happiness and what makes our lives go well, it really does seem that this reflective attitude can ruin our chances of finding what we seek. (苏格拉底宣称，未经检验的生活不值得一个人活下去，这意味着我们应该尝试了解自己，通过我们的行为、选择、偏见和态度来思考。但是，当我们思考自己的幸福以及是什么让我们的生活变得美好时，这种反思的态度似乎真的会破坏我们找到我们所寻求的东西的机会。)”可知，本文主要讲述过度思考的风险，所以A项“过度思考的风险”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。
C篇
1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是议论文。文章通过讨论直接观察和远程观察在水科学研究中的应用，以及“伞下科学”（即过度依赖远程技术和模型的科学研究）可能错过的重要现象，来论证直接观察在理解复杂天气现象中的必要性。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When caught in the rain, we have all run for cover—often to a nearby tree.(下雨的时候，我们都会跑去躲雨——通常是跑到附近的一棵树上)”以及“At the first chance we tend to flee, skipping further observation.(一有机会我们就会逃跑，不去进一步观察)”可知，大多数人遇到雨时会迅速找地方躲避（例如躲在树下），一旦有机会，他们往往会立刻逃离，跳过进一步的观察，因此，人们对雨的反应是防御性的。故选A项。
2．词句猜测题。根据后文“remote observation systems are crucial in capturing phenomena that are frequent and unpredictable.(远程观测系统在捕捉频繁和不可预测的现象方面至关重要)”可知，远程观测系统对于捕捉频繁且不可预测的自然现象是至关重要的；而画线词前的Given that意为“由于；鉴于”，前后语义存在因果关系，由此可推知，此处应表示由于直接观察往往不可行，因此远程观测系统显得至关重要。unfeasible意为“不可行的，难以实现的”，与impossible词义相近。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The researchers insist that hands-on observation of storm events is crucial in comprehending the complexities of wet weather.(研究人员坚持认为，对风暴事件的亲身观察对于理解潮湿天气的复杂性至关重要)”可知，该研究团队强调了亲身观测的重要性；根据第四段““Natural scientists seem increasingly content to stay dry and rely on remote sensors and samplers, models, and virtual experiments to understand natural systems. Consequently, we can miss important stormy phenomena, imaginative inspiration, and opportunities to build intuition—all of which are critical to scientific progress,” said Van Stan’s team.(“自然科学家似乎越来越满足于保持干燥，依靠远程传感器和采样器、模型和虚拟实验来了解自然系统。因此，我们可能会错过重要的风暴现象、富有想象力的灵感和建立直觉的机会——所有这些对科学进步至关重要，”范斯坦的团队说)”可知， 过于依赖远程观测和实验模型会导致我们错过重要的暴风雨现象。综上可推可知，亲身观测是至关重要的，但往往被忽视。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Direct observation, however, has gone beyond making up for the shortcomings of “umbrella science”. Van Stan and colleagues see core value in first-hand storm experiences—not only for natural scientists, but also students studying the impacts of climate change on ecosystems.(然而，直接观察已经超越了弥补“伞科学”的缺陷。范斯坦和他的同事们看到了第一手风暴经验的核心价值——不仅对自然科学家，而且对研究气候变化对生态系统影响的学生)”可知，对于研究气候变化对生态系统影响的学生和自然科学家来说，亲身体验暴风雨都是极具价值的。由此可推知，接下来文章可能会讨论该研究给生态学专业的学习者带来的优势。故选C项。
D篇
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕生态声学研究者Jerome Sueur的观点展开，讨论了人类活动产生的噪音对动物世界的影响，以及Sueur对于保护静音区域、为野生动物建立静音庇护所的呼吁。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Between travelogue-style chapters and philosophical reflections, the book covers many key terms and theories, such as the acoustic niche hypothesis (声学生态位假说), which assumes that each species has its own acoustic space to improve communication with its own kind and limit sound competition from other species.(在类似游记风格的章节和哲学思考之间，这本书涵盖了许多关键术语和理论，比如声学生态位假说，该假说认为每个物种都有自己的声学空间，以改善与同类的交流，并限制来自其他物种的声音竞争。)”可知，声学生态位假说认为每个物种都有自己的声学空间，即有独特的声音范围，以促进与同类的交流并限制来自其他物种的声音竞争。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“When the COVID-19 pandemic (流行病) unexpectedly put human activities on hold, noise-monitoring organizations in France recorded a 0 – 75% drop in sound levels in many cities. Globally, wildlife communication changed during lockdowns. Fish and dolphins off the coast of New Zealand extended the range of their calls by 5% owing to a sharp reduction in boat travel. However, when humans emerged from their homes, so did all human-generated sounds and their harmful effects on natural systems, Sueur writes. (当新冠疫情意外地使人类活动暂停时，法国的噪音监测机构记录到许多城市的噪音水平下降了0%至75%。在全球范围内，在封锁期间野生动物的交流方式也发生了变化。由于船只航行大幅减少，新西兰海岸附近的鱼类和海豚将它们叫声的传播范围扩大了5%。然而，Sueur写道，当人类走出家门时，所有人类产生的声音及其对自然系统的有害影响也随之而来。)”可知，本段提到，新冠疫情期间人类活动暂停，城市噪音水平下降，新西兰海岸附近的鱼类和海豚因船只航行减少，叫声传播范围扩大。而当人类活动恢复，噪音也随之回来，对自然系统产生有害影响。由此可见，提及鱼类和海豚是为了通过它们在人类活动变化时的表现，具体说明人类活动对野生动物的影响。故选C。
3．词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“Sueur calls for a greater awareness of the need to preserve zones where noise is not welcome, effectively proposing a global network of silent shelters for wildlife. The book, thus, highlights an imaginary dividing line between humanity and nature — an approach to conservation that has thwarted contemporary environmentalists who believe true conservation success comes from building a harmonious bond with nature.( Sueur呼吁人们提高对保护那些不欢迎噪音的区域的必要性的认识，实际上是提议建立一个全球性的野生动物静音庇护所网络。因此，这本书凸显了人类与自然之间一条想象中的分界线——这种保护方式让当代环保主义者……，因为他们认为真正的保护成功来自于与自然建立和谐的联系。)”可知，Sueur呼吁保护不欢迎噪音的区域，提议建立全球野生动物静音庇护所网络，这种做法凸显了人与自然之间一条想象中的分界线。而当代环保主义者认为真正的保护成功来自于与自然建立和谐的联系。由此可推测，Sueur的做法与当代环保主义者的理念不同，所以这种做法会让他们感到沮丧、气馁。选项D“discouraged”，意为“使沮丧”，符合语境。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“To encourage readers to act, the book could have included stories about successful no-fly zones where communities are working to address the problem. But the focus on solutions is narrow. Instead, his winding and wordy writing often carries a tone of anger, which could drive away the people he wants to silence.(为了鼓励读者采取行动，这本书本可以收录一些关于成功设立禁飞区的故事，在这些地方，社区正在努力解决噪音问题。但书中对解决方案的关注范围很窄。相反，他那迂回冗长的文字常常带有愤怒的语气，这可能会把那些他希望让其保持安静的人吓跑。)”可知，为了鼓励读者采取行动，这本书本可以收录一些关于成功设立禁飞区的故事，在这些地方社区正在努力解决问题。但书中对解决方案的关注范围很窄。相反，作者迂回冗长的文字常常带有愤怒的语气，这可能会把那些他希望让其保持安静的人吓跑。也就是说，因为作者愤怒的语气可能会把那些他希望影响的读者吓跑，所以这本书没能与这些读者建立联系、产生共鸣。故选C。高三英语阅读专项之记叙文
姓名：___________班级：___________
A
(2025浙江首考)When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact.
According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.”
Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots.
Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.”
I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’ re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.”
1. What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph
A. She is upset by her kids’ weight. B. She is critical of the way she was fed.
C. She is interested in making food. D. She is particular about what she eats.
2. Which of the following would Markey disapprove of
A. Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally.
B. Offering various foods to kids at fixed times.
C. Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks.
D. Talking with kids about school at mealtimes.
3. What should kids do according to the “Division of Responsibility”
A. Make diet decisions on their own. B. Share their food with other kids.
C. Eat up what is provided for them. D. Help their parents do the dishes.
4. What does the author think of the strategies she has been following
A. Costly. B. Complex. C. Workable. D. Contradictory.
B
（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）“Wherever there’s salmon there’s going to be chaos.” Karthik put it as he camped out near the shore of the Eagle Preserve in Alaska, waiting for action.
It was the final day of his week-long photography trip and just a few hours before his ship departed, but the software engineer-turned-hobbyist photographer stayed, watching as bald eagles flew in and out of the fishing grounds. Haines, Alaska, a southern tip of land being between two inlets, hosts the largest gatherings of bald eagles in the world every fall, when around 3,000 arrive in time for the salmon run.
Karthik noticed there was a branch where a few lingered. This choice put the eagles closer to the shore, where their peers would sometimes arrive to ruin a successful hunt: a freshly caught salmon. When a fish appeared, the bystanders would fly down for their share.
As Karthik trained his lens on a branch, there was chaos: an incoming eagle flooded in, terrifying its current resident, and claiming the best spot. He titled the resulting image “Dance of the Eagles” and submitted it to the National Geographic Pictures of the Year contest.
For years, Karthik has been photographing landscapes and his travels, but, in 2020, locked by the pandemic in his home, he started experimenting with wildlife photography. He targeted the local natural reserves — driving an hour to National Seashore and walking the city’s parks — in search of birds and other creatures. Hearing that two bald eagles were nesting on top of an elementary school two hours from home, Karthik began going there on the weekends, camping out for as long as it took to capture them flying out to hunt.
The patience he learned in that trial period paid off. On Friday, his photograph of the eagles in Alaska was announced as top-prize winner. What Karthik appreciates most about the photo is the tension of the moment. “It opens up the question: what happened next ” he says. The reality is less mysterious: the winning eagle got bored when no salmon appeared and soon abandoned the spot to the next hungry observer.
1．What is the purpose of quoting Karthik’s motto in the first paragraph
A．Attract readers’ attention to salmon.
B．Introduce the article’s topic.
C．Emphasize the importance of protecting the environment.
D．Explain the relationship between salmon and chaos.
2．What does the underlined word “lingered” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Stayed. B．Fought. C．Hunted. D．Flew.
3．Why does Karthik like the award-winning photo
A．Because it is his hard-won photo.
B．Because it appears on the famous magazine.
C．Because it showcases the harmony between man and nature.
D．Because it is full of uncertainty and expectation.
4．Which of the following words can best describe Karthik
A．Intelligent and skillful. B．Diligent and cautious.
C．Patient and observant. D．Adventurous and romantic.
C
（24-25高三下·天津·开学考试）
My dearest granddaughter,
By the time you read this, I’ll be gone. But I want to share with you the story that shaped our family’s legacy (遗产) —a tale of gratitude that echoed (流传) through generations.
It was 1955, and I was just a young girl of 12. Times were hard, and our family struggled to make ends meet. One particularly hard winter, we had nothing left but a few potatoes and a little candle. That’s when a knock on the door changed everything. Mrs. Thompson, our neighbor, stood there with a basket full of food. “I’m thankful for good neighbors,” she said simply, pressing the basket into my mother’s hands before hurrying away. That night, as we enjoyed our unexpected meal, my father declared, “When we have enough, we must remember this kindness and pass it on.”
Years passed, and our fortunes improved. True to his word, my father always found ways to help others, saying it was an echo of Mrs. Thompson’ s kindness. I watched as he slipped groceries onto the porches (门廊) of struggling families, secretly paid for children’s school supplies, and volunteered at the local shelter.
One day, while volunteering, he met a young man named Jack —your grandfather. Jack had fallen on hard times but was determined to turn his life around. My father took him under his wing, helping him find a job and a place to live. Jack, filled with gratitude, threw himself into his work and studies. He often said, “I’m just echoing the kindness shown to me.” It was his gratitude and determination that first drew me to him.
As our family grew, your grandfather and I made sure to keep the echo alive. We taught your mother, and her siblings, the importance of being thankful and paying kindness forward.
Now, my dear Emma, I pass this story to you. Our family’s echo of thankfulness has touched countless lives over the years. Some we know about, like the scholarship fund your mother started, but many more we’ ll never know.
Remember, gratitude is not just a feeling —it’s an action. It has the power to create ripples(涟漪) that turn into waves, touching lives far beyond our own.
With all my love,
Grandma
1．How did the family feel about Mrs. Thompson’s action
A．Puzzled. B．Surprised. C．Grateful. D．Skeptical.
2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The way Grandma helped others.
B．Grandma watched her father helping others.
C．Over the years, my family’s life has greatly improved.
D．Mrs. Thompson’s kindness had a profound effect on Grandma’s father.
3．Grandma wrote this letter was to ________.
A．recall her life B．point out the importance of being thankful
C．tell Emma the history of the family D．pass on a family tradition of echoing the kindness
4．What message does the letter convey
A．How the family legacy is formed.
B．People should learn to be grateful and echo the kindness.
C．Mrs. Thompson’s kindness saved the family.
D．When life is rich, we must remember the difficulties.
D
(2024新高考Ⅰ)“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.
Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
1．What do some of a Farber’s coworkers think of him
A．He’s odd. B．He’s strict. C．He’s brave. D．He’s rude.
2．Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets
A．He was trained in it at university. B．He was inspired by another veterinarian.
C．He benefited from it as a patient. D．He wanted to save money for pet owners.
3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B．The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C．Examples of rare animal diseases. D．The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
4．Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association
A．To prove Farber’s point. B．To emphasize its importance.
C．To praise veterinarians. D．To advocate animal protection.阅读理解之应用文
1．A 2．C 3．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了鲍林格林州立大学的夏令营，高中生可以在那里探索海上生活。
1．细节理解题。根据“What kinds of activities do campers get to do (营员们可以参加哪些活动？)”部分中“Hands-on activities to practice specimen (标本) collection procedures(实践标本收集程序)”可知，该夏令营提供标本收集练习，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“What does the cost cover (费用包括什么？)”部分中“The cost of the non-residential program is $850, with an additional $400 fee for the residential option. The total program cost covers room and board, all materials for labs and activities as well as transportation for field trips. A 10% discount is available for early admission.(非住宿项目的费用为850美元，住宿项目的额外费用为400美元。项目总费用包括食宿费、实验室和活动的所有材料以及实地考察的交通费。提前加入可享受九折优惠)”可知，住宿项目总费用为850+400=1250美元，提前加入可以享受九折优惠，即1250×90%=1125美元，故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“Application Requirements(申请要求)”部分中“Note: Answers to questions provided by anyone other than that applicant will disqualify the application.(注：由申请人以外的人提供的问题的答案将取消申请资格)”可知，提供别人给出的答案会导致申请人被取消资格，故选B。
4．C 5．D 6．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了苏格兰城堡的住宿信息，包括城堡的特色、住宿价格等内容
4．细节理解题。根据Kinnaird Castle, Angus部分的“Kinnaird is only open to the public for one day each year, so you’ll have the place to yourself; and if you enjoy wild swimming, head for the lake. (金纳德每年只对公众开放一天，所以你可以独享这个地方；如果你喜欢野外游泳，那就去湖边吧。)”可知，在金纳德城堡（Kinnaird Castle），如果你喜欢野泳，可以去湖里玩水，也就是可以在湖里戏水（Play with water in the lake）。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据Leslie Castle, Insch, Aberdeenshire部分的“Rooms 240 per night with breakfast; dinner 35 a head(客房每晚240英镑（含早餐）；晚餐每人35英镑；)”可知，房间每晚240英镑含早餐，晚餐每人35英镑。一对夫妇住两晚，房间费用是240×2=480英镑，两晚晚餐费用是35×2×2=140英镑，所以最多要支付480+140=620英镑。故选D项。
6．推理判断题。通读文章可知，文章主要介绍了苏格兰的几座可以居住的城堡，包括城堡的相关信息（如历史、设施等）以及住宿价格等，这些内容与旅行（Travel）相关，所以这篇文章可能来自报纸的旅行版块。故选B项。
7．D 8．D 9．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款高质量咖啡杯的材质、设计、使用说明和维护保养等内容。
7．细节理解题。根据文章中的“Maintenance”部分提到的“Store the coffee cup in a dry and clean place.(将咖啡杯存放在干燥、干净的地方)”可知，读者可以参考“Maintenance”部分来了解存储要求。故选D项。
8．细节理解题。根据“Material”部分提到的“Ceramic is known for its ability to maintain heat well.(陶瓷以其良好的保温能力而闻名)”以及“Maintenance”部分提到的“Avoid sudden temperature changes. For example, do not pour extremely hot coffee into a cold cup or put a hot cup directly into cold water, as this may cause the ceramic to break.(避免温度突然变化。例如，不要将极热的咖啡倒入冷杯子或将热杯子直接放入冷水中，因为这可能会导致陶瓷破裂)”可知，陶瓷材料虽然保温性能好，但容易因温差过大而破裂。故选D项。
9．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了咖啡杯的材料(Material)、设计(Design)、使用说明(Usage Instructions)和保养方法(Maintenance)，目的是帮助用户正确使用和保养咖啡杯。这种内容通常出现在用户指南中。因此，文章最可能是一份用户指南。故选B项。
10．B 11．C 12．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了世界上四个最惊险的旅游目的地。
10．细节理解题。由文章Cliffs of Moher, Ireland部分中“With breathtaking views of the Aran Islands and Galway Bay, the Cliffs of Moher is one of Ireland’s most popular tourist attractions. However, it’s also one of the most dangerous, and one misstep at the edge could result in a 213-metre fall into the Atlantic. (Cliffs of Moher拥有阿伦群岛和戈尔韦湾的壮丽景色，是爱尔兰最受欢迎的旅游景点之一。然而，它也是最危险的地方之一，在悬崖边缘稍有不慎就可能坠入213米深的大西洋。)”可知，在Cliffs of Moher可以欣赏到海景。故选B。
11．细节理解题。由文章Mount Everest, Nepal部分中“By now, there have been 304 deaths, according to . (截至目前，据统计，已有304人丧生。)”可知，到目前为止，珠穆朗玛峰已经夺去了至少300人的生命。故选C。
12．细节理解题。由文章第一段“Adventurers, grab your passports because there’s nothing relaxing about these holiday spots. (冒险家们，拿起你们的护照吧，因为这些度假胜地可一点都不轻松。)”结合文章中对四个景点的描述可知，这四个地方都是危险的旅游景点。故选B。A篇
1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现红海里的章鱼和鱼群合作捕猎。
1．推理判断题。根据第三段“Before this study, researchers had universally thought that the octopus was hunting by itself, and that the fish were freeloading (吃白食). But for Sampaio, these conclusions were largely drawn from looking at the situation from the surface. He wondered whether something more complex might be going on. So he decided to find out. (在这项研究之前，研究人员普遍认为章鱼是自己捕食的，而鱼是吃白食的。但对Sampaio来说，这些结论很大程度上是从表面上看情况得出的。他想知道是否会发生更复杂的事情。所以他决定一探究竟)”可知， Sampaio对关于章鱼和鱼群的普遍看法有所质疑， 所以他要进行研究。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段中““We can actually go with cameras, reconstruct everything in 3D, and try to see who’s following who,” Sampaio says. “But you have to find the octopus, an animal that has evolved not to be found, ” he adds. “When you find it hunting, you should make sure that it continues hunting like you aren’t there and doesn’t escape.” (Sampaio说：“我们实际上可以用相机，用3D重建一切，并试图看到谁在跟踪谁。”“但你必须找到章鱼，一种进化到不被发现的动物，”他补充说。“当你发现它在捕猎时，你应该确保它继续捕猎，就像你不在那里一样，不要逃跑。”)”可知， 找到并观察章鱼的捕猎行为是有挑战性的。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的““I instantly understood the fish weren’t just following the octopus around because you could see they moved in a stop-and-go pattern,” he says. Once this stopping occurred, there were always fish that started to go around looking for prey(猎物) . (他说：“我立刻明白了，这些鱼并不是跟着章鱼，因为你可以看到它们以走走停停的方式移动。”一旦这种停止发生，就会有鱼开始四处寻找猎物)”可知， 这些鱼类显然是在探索环境， 找寻猎物。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the Red Sea sandwiched between northeast Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, octopuses and different species of fish hunt together among the coral reefs. (在夹在非洲东北部和阿拉伯半岛之间的红海，章鱼和不同种类的鱼一起在珊瑚礁中捕猎)”及全文内容可知，文章介绍了章鱼和鱼群罕见的跨物种合作捕猎。因此B项“罕见的跨物种合作”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。
B篇
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国AI公司DeepSeek的崛起、技术优势、面临的挑战及其对全球人工智能领域的影响，并探讨了AI未来发展的不确定性。
1．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Trained on an astonishing 20 trillion tokens, this multimodal model showcases linguistic proficiency, code generation capabilities and reasoning skills that rival or surpass its Western counterparts. What truly sets DeepSeek apart is its remarkable efficiency, delivering GPT-4-level performance with 30 percent less computational power.(这款多模态模型在惊人的20万亿个标记上进行了训练，展现出了媲美甚至超越西方同类产品的语言熟练度、代码生成能力和推理技能。DeepSeek的真正独特之处在于其卓越的效率，仅用30%的计算能力就能达到GPT-4级别的性能)”可知，本段主要介绍了DeepSeek的技术优势，包括语言能力、代码生成能力和推理技能，以及其高效的性能。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“There are concerns that US government may block American firms from using DeepSeek, mentioning data security concerns.(有人担心美国政府可能会以数据安全为由，阻止美国企业使用DeepSeek)”可知，DeepSeek可能面临的一个挑战是美国政府可能会禁止美国公司使用DeepSeek。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The future of AI, with DeepSeek at the center, remains a mystery. Will it trigger a tech battle between the US and China, or will its open-source roots foster global collaboration (以DeepSeek为核心的人工智能未来仍充满神秘。它是否会引发中美之间的技术战，还是其开源特性会促进全球合作？)”可知，DeepSeek的未来充满了不确定性，可能会引发美中之间的技术战争，也可能促进全球合作。可推理出AI的未来是不确定的。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Whether we enter an AI arms race or begin a new era of global cooperation depends on how we choose to use and share this technology. As a Brazilian coder said, the future of AI must speak the language of both the developed and developing world to truly succeed.(我们究竟是会陷入一场人工智能军备竞赛，还是开启全球合作的新时代，这取决于我们如何选择使用和分享这项技术。正如一位巴西程序员所说，人工智能的未来必须既能满足发达国家的需求，也能契合发展中国家的期望，才能真正取得成功)”可知，要确保AI的成功，必须考虑全球的需求，包括发达国家和发展中国家。故选C项。
C篇
【答案】
32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C
【32 题详解】
根据第一段最后一句 “But what if we told you that hibernation for space travel is more likely to happen than the romantic story between Jim and Aurora ” 可知，作者提到电影《太空旅客》，是为了引出下文关于太空旅行中人类冬眠这一话题，介绍了一种可能用于长途太空飞行的新方法 —— 冬眠。A 选项 “为一部流行的科幻太空电影做广告”，文章重点不是广告电影，而是借电影引出冬眠话题；C 选项 “探索在另一个星球定居的可能性”，电影只是引出冬眠话题的引子，并非关于定居星球；D 选项 “揭示长途太空旅行的潜在危险”，文中未提及借电影揭示危险。所以作者提及电影是为了介绍长途太空飞行的新方法，答案选 B。
【33 题详解】
根据第三段 “For going to Mars, astronauts would require about 30 kg of food, water, air, and other supplies per day. Thus, hibernation can significantly cut down on their essential needs. Additionally, hibernating astronauts wouldn’t get bored, stressed, or lonely, and less time and space would be needed to help keep them fit or entertained.” 可知，对于前往火星的宇航员来说，每天需要大量的食物、水、空气和其他物资，而冬眠可以显著减少他们的基本需求，并且冬眠的宇航员不会感到无聊、有压力或孤独，也不需要太多时间和空间来保持健康或娱乐。这说明冬眠宇航员的身体和心理需求都被降到了最低限度。A 选项 “他们的功能代谢受到干扰”，文中说冬眠是调节代谢，并非干扰；B 选项 “他们需要更多时间和空间来娱乐”，与原文中冬眠需要更少时间和空间相悖；C 选项 “他们失去了基本需求和物资之间的平衡”，文中未提及。所以答案选 D。
【34 题详解】
根据第四段 “Space agencies are investigating whether reducing body temperature and later inducing (导致) metabolism is a more practical option, while most research projects are currently focusing on animals. The question is: how can we evoke hibernation in species that are not normally doing that ” 可知，太空机构在研究降低体温和诱导新陈代谢是否是更实际的选择，目前大多数研究项目集中在动物身上，问题是如何在通常不冬眠的物种中引发冬眠。“evoke” 所在句子表达的是在不冬眠的物种中引发冬眠的意思，“initiate” 有 “开始、发起、引发” 的意思，与 “evoke” 意思相近。B 选项 “证明…… 有理”、C 选项 “定义”、D 选项 “优先考虑” 均不符合语境。所以答案选 A。
【35 题详解】
根据最后一段 “Hibernation for humans is an ethically controversial concept, and critics may consider it as a mad scientist’s dream. However, without such dreamers, humanity would still be in the Middle Ages.” 可知，人类冬眠在伦理上是有争议的概念，批评者可能认为这是疯狂科学家的梦想，但作者认为如果没有这样的梦想家，人类可能还处于中世纪。这表明作者认为人类冬眠虽然有争议，但它可以推动社会进步。A 选项 “它可能是一个有风险的策略”，文章重点强调的是其对社会进步的作用，而非风险；B 选项 “这是一个难以实现的梦想”，作者强调的是梦想家的作用，并非难以实现；D 选项 “它挑战传统道德价值观”，这只是部分人的观点，作者更强调其对人类发展的积极意义。所以答案选 C。
D篇
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国城市年轻家庭减少的现状、原因及应对措施。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Actually, besides property tax payments, young families contribute to the economy by spending on housing, groceries, child care, health care, recreation, and education. They help generate stable jobs in sectors such as education, health care, and hospitality. By participating in local events, young families help develop a sense of belonging and strengthen cities' social fabric. Neighborhoods with young families tend to have lower crime rates due to parents' investment in their children's safety and well-being.(实际上，除了缴纳房产税之外，年轻家庭还通过住房、食品杂货、育儿、医疗、娱乐和教育等方面的消费为经济做出贡献。他们助力教育、医疗和酒店业等领域创造稳定的就业岗位。通过参与当地活动，年轻家庭有助于培养归属感，并增强城市的社会凝聚力。有年轻家庭的社区往往犯罪率较低，这是因为父母会投入精力保障孩子的安全和福祉)”可知，年轻家庭在经济、就业、社会归属感、治安等方面对城市做出了重要贡献。由此可推知，他们是城市的支柱。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“For example, Austin, Texas, has become a major tech center in recent years, with many companies relocating or expanding there and creating jobs. Austin’s relatively low cost of living, strong public school system, and lots of parks and recreational activities make it a destination that’s often highly rated for families.(例如，近年来，德克萨斯州的奥斯汀已成为一个主要的技术中心，许多公司选择在此地迁址或扩张，从而创造了大量就业机会。奥斯汀相对较低的生活成本、优质的公立学校系统以及众多的公园和娱乐活动，使其成为备受家庭青睐的目的地，并常常获得高度评价)”可知，作者提到奥斯汀是为了展示它对家庭友好的特点，比如生活成本相对较低、有强大的公立学校系统、有很多公园和娱乐活动等。故选B。
3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Cities seeking to attract families could prioritize developing affordable single-family homes, townhomes, and apartments with family-friendly features, such as common play spaces. Another priority for attracting and retaining young families is well-funded public schools with excellent teachers, and resources. Most cities don't have the resources to pursue all of these goals at once. But picking one or two as targets is a good way to move forward.(希望吸引家庭入驻的城市可以优先考虑开发价格实惠、具备家庭友好型特色的独栋住宅、联排别墅和公寓，例如配备公共游乐空间等。吸引并留住年轻家庭的另一个优先事项是，确保公立学校资金充足，配备优秀教师以及丰富资源。大多数城市没有能力同时实现所有这些目标，但选择一两个作为努力方向是向前迈进的好办法)”可知，为了吸引年轻家庭，城市应该采取一些措施，比如发展经济适用房、建设有家庭友好特点的住房、为公立学校提供充足资金等。所以作者在最后一段传达的是应该为年轻家庭采取一些措施。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Americans aged 25 to 44 — the years when people typically start families — are increasingly moving to rural counties and small cities.(年龄在25至44岁之间的美国人（通常是人们组建家庭的年龄段）正越来越多地迁往农村县和小城市)”可知，文章开篇指出有孩子的年轻家庭在美国人口中所占比例正在缩小，在大城市这种下降尤其明显，接着分析了年轻家庭对城市的重要性、离开大城市的原因，还提到了一些吸引年轻家庭的城市的例子，最后指出城市为吸引年轻家庭应采取的措施。所以文章主要围绕城市年轻家庭数量减少这一话题展开，“城市年轻家庭数量的减少”作为标题最合适。故选C。高三英语阅读专项之应用文
A
（2025·广东深圳·一模）Are you interested in how marine (海洋的) ecosystems work Do you want to know more about marine animals Bowling Green State University (BGSU) has one of the few camps in the Midwest where high school students can explore life at sea!
Camp Dates: June 8-13、2025
What kinds of activities do campers get to do
·Field trips to locations around Northwest Ohio to examine marine life and environments
·Hands-on activities to practice specimen (标本) collection procedures
·Design and run an experiment in our research lab
·Behind-the-scene trip to the Toledo Zoo to learn about marine animals
·Meet professionals to learn what it means to be a marine scientist
What does the cost cover
The BGSU Marine Biology camp will offer both residential and non-residential options. The cost of the non-residential program is $850, with an additional $400 fee for the residential option. The total program cost covers room and board, all materials for labs and activities as well as transportation for field trips. A 10% discount is available for early admission.
Application Requirements
·Letter of recommendation
·Complete the online form
·Complete responses to short-answer questions
Note: Answers to questions provided by anyone other than that applicant will disqualify the application.
Application Deadlines
·March 2, 2025 — To be considered for early admission. Applicants will be informed by March 14.
·April 25. 2025 — General Application Deadline.
Note: All spaces may fill after selection from the early admission deadline.
1．What does the camp offer
A．Sample gathering practice.
B．Field trips to nature museums.
C．Research lab membership.
D．Lectures on marine knowledge.
2．What is the early admission cost for the residential option
A．$400. B．$765. C．$1,125. D．$1,250.
3．Which of the following will result in an applicant’s disqualification
A．Forgetting to confirm admission.
B．Providing responses given by others.
C．Missing the early application deadline.
D．Failing to recommend other applicants.
B
（24-25高三下·浙江·阶段练习）Amazing Scottish Castles to Stay in
From the Borders to the Highlands, these accommodating castles offer bags of history, luxury and escapism.
Kinnaird Castle, Angus
The 15th-century Kinnaird has three rented apartments, of which the Macduff Tower is the most traditional, with views out across its well-stocked deer park. There’s no extra charge for guests with dogs and they’ll love running in the grounds. Kinnaird is only open to the public for one day each year, so you’ll have the place to yourself; and if you enjoy wild swimming, head for the lake.
Macduff Tower, sleeps four, 535 for two nights; kinnairdcastle.co.uk
Leslie Castle, Insch, Aberdeenshire
Five years ago, Nicola Teal and John Andrea traded a home in London for a remote, 12th-century, six-bedroom castle. Today, Nicola serves the drinks and gives you the tour, while John cooks your haggis-stuffed Balmoral chicken or vegetable moussaka, eaten in the baronial hall after drinks in the cobbled courtyard garden.
Rooms 240 per night with breakfast; dinner 35 a head; leslie
Knock Old Castle, Largs, North Ayrshire
Renovated in 2013, this 14th-century castle is truly out of the pages of a fairytale. There’s an outdoor dining area and a balcony from which to gaze out to sea. Best of all is a turret-top, the perfect place for a drink as the sun goes down. And hard-pressed parents will love the castle’s best secret: a rooftop walkway leads to a tiny sauna, the ideal place for some “me” time, just a few steps from the kids.
Sleeps eight; seven nights 2,729;
1．What can you do in Kinnaird Castle
A．Eat in the cobbled garden. B．Stop the public from a visit.
C．Play with water in the lake. D．Walk a dog with extra charge.
2．How much does a couple pay at most for two nights with dinner at Leslie Castle
A． 480. B． 310. C． 550. D． 620.
3．Which section of the newspaper is the text probably taken from
A．History. B．Travel. C．Architecture. D．Health.
C
（2025南京一模）This coffee cup is a high-quality product designed for coffee lovers. It is made with great attention to detail to enhance your coffee-drinking experience.
Material
The cup is made of high-quality ceramic. Ceramic is known for its ability to maintain heat well, keeping your coffee warm for a longer period. It also gives a smooth and pleasant touch when you hold the cup. The handle is firmly attached to the cup. It is made of the same ceramic material, ensuring durability and a seamless (无缝的) look.
Design
◆The coffee cup has a standard capacity of 300ml. This size is perfect for a regular cup of coffee, whether it is a latte (拿铁), espresso, or cappuccino.
◆The cup has a classic round shape. The opening is wide enough for easy sipping and also allows the pleasant smell to be fully released.
Usage Instructions
◆Before using the coffee cup for the first time, it is recommended to wash it with warm water and mild cleaner.
◆When pouring coffee into the cup, be careful not to overfill it.
◆After use, wash the cup instantly. It is dishwasher-safe, but hand-washing can also be used to extend its lifespan (使用寿命).
Maintenance
◆Avoid sudden temperature changes. For example, do not pour extremely hot coffee into a cold cup or put a hot cup directly into cold water, as this may cause the ceramic to break.
◆Store the coffee cup in a dry and clean place.
1. Which section can readers refer to for storage requirements
A. Material. B. Design. C. Usage Instructions. D. Maintenance.
2. What do we know about the cup’s material
A. It is sensitive to mild cleaner.
B. It has properties of absorbing heat.
C. It helps smooth the holder’s hand skin.
D. It is subject to sudden temperature changes.
3. What is the text
A. A product report. B. A user guide.
C. A cup advertisement. D. A coffee recipe.
D
The World’s Most Striking Tourist Destinations
Adventurers, grab your passports because there’s nothing relaxing about these holiday spots.
Half Dome,Yosemite National Park,USA
The 1500-metre climb to the top of Half Dome is the most difficult of Yosemite Valley’s day hikes, and it’s the last 120 meters that are the most dangerous. While there are ladder-like metal cables (缆绳) to help you reach the summit without rock climbing equipment, falling off them could be deadly.
Cliffs of Moher Ireland
With breathtaking views of the Aran Islands and Galway Bay, the Cliffs of Moher is one of Ireland’s most popular tourist attractions. However, it’s also one of the most dangerous, and one misstep at the edge could result in a 213-metre fall into the Atlantic. The safest way to experience the beauty of the cliffs is from the official path or one of three viewing platforms.
Mount Everest, Nepal
Visiting Mount Everest attracts around 1200 climbers each year. However, only about half ever reach the summit, and a few will die trying, according to the New York Times. By now, there have been 304 deaths, according to .
Trift Bridge, Switzerland
Believe it or not, the Trift Bridge in the Swiss Alps Mountains is much safer than it looks. Still, acrophobes (恐高者) will likely want to avoid this dangerous man-made spot. At 90 metres high and 170 metres long, the Trift Bridge is one of the longest and highest pedestrian suspension bridges in the Alps, requiring three cable car rides to reach it.
21. Where can you enjoy the sight of sea
A. At Half Dome. B. At Cliffs of Moher.
C. At Mount Everest. D. At Trift Bridge.
22. What can we know about Mount Everest
A. It has three viewing platforms.
B. There are cables helping climbers up.
C. It has claimed at least 300 lives so far.
D. About 600 climbers have ever reached its summit.
23. Which of the following can describe all the four places
A. They are all natural scenic spots.
B. They are all dangerous scenic spots.
C. Tourists must do much rock climbing in each place.
D. Tourists must use climbing equipment in each place.
