Unit 10 Connections Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We?教材习题精讲课件(共50张）高二英语北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册

(共50张PPT)
Unit 10 Connections
Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We
2. Read the first two paragraphs of the article on the theory “Six Degrees of Separation”. What does it mean and who invented this theory
It states that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people. The theory was first introduced by Hungarian author Frigyes Karinthy, in the early 20th century.
3. Read the article and find out about the development of the “Six Degrees of Separation” theory. Take notes in the table below.
1967 Mid-1990s 2003 2011
Who How
Findings/ results
1967 Mid-1990s 2003 2011
Who
How
Findings/results
Stanley Milgram
Two college students in the United States
Columbia University
the University of Milan
He chose a random sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts.
The idea of the game was to link any actor to Kevin Bacon, a famous American actor and musician, through no more than six links.
The experiment involved 24,163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries.
The experiment analysed the relationship between 721 million social media users.
It only took between five and seven people to get the parcels delivered.
The game was being played in universities across the United States.
The results confirmed that the average number of links in the chain was six.
92 percent were connected by only four stages, or five degrees of separation.
1. Why did Milgram and Columbia University both label their experiments “Small-world”
5. Group Work Think and share
Because they believed that any person on Earth could be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people. In this sense the world is small.
5. Group Work Think and share
2. Why do you think people study how people are connected
Probably people want to study the structures of human society, the rules of human social activities, and how people are connected with each other.
6. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.
1. In 1967, _____________ Stanley Milgram did an experiment to find out how many degrees of separation there were between strangers in different parts of America.
2. All of the _____________ in Milgram’s experiment were delivered to the right people after passing through the hands of between five and seven people.
random sociologist network publish package chain
sociologist
packages
6. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.
random sociologist network publish package chain
3. The results of Milgram’s experiment ___________________ in the magazine Psychology Today.
4. The results of the “Columbia Small-world Project” confirmed that the average number of links in the _____________ was six.
were published
chain
6. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.
random sociologist network publish package chain
5. People doing experiments into “Six Degrees of Separation” usually choose a _____________ sample of people to take part to make the results more reliable.
6. Recently, creating and growing your social _____________ has become more important than ever before due to the growth of social media.
random
network
7. Read the sentences. Underline the passive forms. What tense is used in each sentence
1. The concept was first talked about as long ago as in the 1920s.
_____________________________
was talked about（past simple）
2. In the 1950s, an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically.
was made（past simple）
______________
7. Read the sentences. Underline the passive forms. What tense is used in each sentence
3. Once the parcel had been received by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person.
_________________________
had been received（past perfect）
could be delivered（past simple）
_____________
7. Read the sentences. Underline the passive forms. What tense is used in each sentence
4. Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film.
_____________
was used（past simple）
5. Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States.
was being played（past continuous）
_______________________
8. Read the description of a “Six Degrees of Separation” experiment. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets to complete the passage.
We 1. _________________ (give) the task of finding out whether the “Six Degrees of Separation” theory worked at our school. We 2. _________________ (tell) about the “Small-world” experiment in the United States, where packages 3. _________________ (send) from one person to another with the aim of getting it to a stranger in the end. While the idea behind
were given　
were told
had been sent　
8. Read the description of a “Six Degrees of Separation” experiment. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets to complete the passage.
this experiment 4. _______________________ (discuss) in our group, it 5. _________________ (suggest) to us by our teacher that we try something similar. So we did. We couldn’t send parcels, but we could send letters. Ten volunteers 6. _________________ (choose) to take part and they 7. _________________ (ask) to write a letter of introduction to
was being discussed
was suggested　
were chosen
were asked　
8. Read the description of a “Six Degrees of Separation” experiment. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets to complete the passage.
another person in the school that they didn’t know and then to choose someone who they thought 8. _________________ (connect) to that person to give it to. After all the letters 9. _________________ (exchange) several times, seven out of the ten target people did receive their letters with chains of five or six people in each case! We think this means that our experiment was a success and it supports the theory.
was connected
were exchanged
Lesson 2
Community Spirit
2. In what way do you think community spirit affects people’s health
It affects people’s health positively in that they don’t feel lonely. They know they have other people to rely on and this helps them build a positive attitude towards life and its difficulties.
4. Pair work Listen again. Complete the table about the Roseto community in the 1950s and 1960s. Them talk about what happened to Rosetans in those years.
In the 1950s
Community life was a very ______________ community
looked after each other
_________ each other
frequently organized _________________________
households consisted of _____________________
old people _____________________
community celebrations
closely-knit
visited
three generations
were respected
4. Pair work Listen again. Complete the table about the Roseto community in the 1950s and 1960s. Them talk about what happened to Rosetans in those years.
In the 1950s
Consequences hardly did a Rosetan below 65
________________________________
people were dying _______________ rather than ______________
very little _________
of old age
from illness
crime
experience a heart attack
4. Pair work Listen again. Complete the table about the Roseto community in the 1950s and 1960s. Them talk about what happened to Rosetans in those years.
In the 1960s
Community life younger Rosetans would not keep up __________________________
moved to typical ______________________
rejected _________________________
the traditional lifestyles
single-family houses
traditional social bonds
4. Pair work Listen again. Complete the table about the Roseto community in the 1950s and 1960s. Them talk about what happened to Rosetans in those years.
In the 1960s
Consequences the first heart attack of a Rosetan under 45 happened in ________
the rate of heart attacks is _________________________
the same as the average
1971
6. Linda is talking with her grandpa, trying to find out more about her mother’s hometown. Listen and complete the information.
Mum’s hometown ______________.
There weren’t _____________________.
They didn’t live in flats but in ______________________________________.
The kitchen and toilet were __________________.
were small
a sort of house with two small rooms
many tall buildings
outside the house
Hometown
and living conditions in the past
6. Linda is talking with her grandpa, trying to find out more about her mother’s hometown. Listen and complete the information.
They were close to __________________.
They were _______________________.
They were just like _____________________.
Children ______________________________.
Neighbours _________________________.
Relationships
with neighbours
their neighbours
friendly to each other
a kind of big family
played together after school
often visited each other
7. Listen and plete the Talk Builder. What kind of language features can you identify
Vague Language
Similar to something
Mum always tells me her hometown is small, but this is ________ a big city.
like
like
a bit
a kind of
a sort of
7. Listen and plete the Talk Builder. What kind of language features can you identify
Vague Language
Part of a category
We lived in _____________ house …
We were friendly to each other, just like _______________ big family.
Less in quality
It was ___________ inconvenient.
a sort of
a kind of
a bit
8. For what purpose would you use vague language
To make a statement less strong
When we don't know the name of something
To make things sound less factual
To talk about groups and categories.
Lesson 3
Anne of Green Gables
3. Read the story again. Complete the development of the story. Then work in pairs. Tell it from the perspectives of Marilla and Anne.
Development of the story Marilla Anne
Upon arrival She immediately rushed to the door when she saw Matthew in the front yard. Then ______________________________ When she saw Anne. She insisted that __________________ ____________________. ____________________________________________________________________________________.
she froze in amazement
there must have been a boy
During Matthew and Marilla’s
dialogue, she remained silent
3. Read the story again. Complete the development of the story. Then work in pairs. Tell it from the perspectives of Marilla and Anne.
Development of the story Marilla Anne
Upon arrival Marilla and Matthew _____________________________________. She burst into tears, crying: "You don't want me because ________________. I might have known it was too beautiful to last. I might have known ____________________________."
didn’t know what to say or do
I’m not a boy
nobody really did want me
3. Read the story again. Complete the development of the story. Then work in pairs. Tell it from the perspectives of Marilla and Anne.
Development of the story Marilla Anne
Dinner time Marilla could not understand Anne's despair. She spoke to Anne sharply when she saw ___________________. ______________________________________________________.
Anne wasn’t eating
She could not eat because she had no appetite
3. Read the story again. Complete the development of the story. Then work in pairs. Tell it from the perspectives of Marilla and Anne.
Development of the story Marilla Anne
Dinner time Marilla decided to put Anne __________. _________________________________.
Bed time She went to bed, frowning most resolutely. _____________________________.
to bed
She was in the depths of despair
She cried herself to sleep
4. Read lines 44-51 about the bedroom Anne slept in. Underline the words the writer used to describe the room. Why does the writer use a paragraph to describe the room What effect does she want to achieve
When Marilla had gone, Anne looked around her sadly. The whitewashed walls were so painfully bare. The floor was bare, too. in one corner was the bed, a high, old-fashioned one of dark wood. Midway between table and bed was the window, with an icy white curtain over it, There was no restroom, but
4. Read lines 44-51 about the bedroom Anne slept in. Underline the words the writer used to describe the room. Why does the writer use a paragraph to describe the room What effect does she want to achieve
there was a wash stand with a faucet in the other corner. The whole room felt cold and unwelcoming which sent a shiver through Anne's bones. With a sob she quickly undressed, put on her nightclothes and jumped into bed where she pressed her face down into the pillow and pulled the clothes over her head.
The writer uses a paragraph to describe the room to show the detail of Anne’s surroundings and how they affect her mood.
The writer wants to better show Anne’s feelings and make the setting more real.
4. Read lines 44-51 about the bedroom Anne slept in. Underline the words the writer used to describe the room. Why does the writer use a paragraph to describe the room What effect does she want to achieve
5. Read the story again. Underline the sentences that reflect the writer’s tone towards Anne. What kind of tone can you identify
Sentences that reflect the writer’s tone towards Anne:
· ...odd little figure in the stiff, ugly dress, with the long red hair and the eager, bright eyes...
· Burst into tears she did. Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying her face in them, she proceeded to cry stormily.
5. Read the story again. Underline the sentences that reflect the writer’s tone towards Anne. What kind of tone can you identify
· With a sob she quickly undressed, put on her nightclothes and jumped into bed where she pressed her face down into the pillow and pulled the clothes over her head.
· And up-stairs, in the east gable, a lonely, heart-hungry, friendless child cried herself to sleep.
The writer has a tone of pity and sympathy towards Anne.
1. Do you think Marilla and Matthew are used to being around children Find examples from the story.
6. Pair Work Think and share.
They aren't used to being around children.
Examples: Marilla and Matthew looked at each other. Neither of them knew what to say or do. Finally Marilla stepped in to try to comfort the child.
2. What are Marilla and Anne’s personalities Find evidence from the story to support your opinion.
6. Pair Work Think and share.
From the words "eying her as if it were a serious problem", we know Marilla is a strict person.
From the words "she carefully picked up Anne's clothes, placed them..." and "good night", we can infer that Marilla is a kind person.
2. What are Marilla and Anne’s personalities Find evidence from the story to support your opinion.
6. Pair Work Think and share.
From the words "Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and burying her face in them, she proceeded to cry stormily." we know Anne is an honest child with an eager heart.
When Matthew arrived with the little girl, Marilla 1. __________ in amazement because Mrs Spencer promised she was going to send a boy. When Anne 2. __________ the meaning of their conversation, she 3. __________ into tears and 4. ____________ to cry loudly. Marilla had no idea how to 5. __________ her. When she tried, the girl 6. __________ a tear-stained face and told her she was in the 7. __________ of despair. Marilla asked
7. Complete the summary of the story, using the words and phrases from the text.
froze
grasped
burst
proceeded
comfort
revealed
depths
Anne to stay for the night and she would 8. _____________ the affair. Later she brought Anne to a little bedroom. Anne undressed and 9. ______________ into the bedclothes. Marilla said she would return for the candle as she 10. __________ not leave it for the child to put out. When she returned, she said “Good night” awkwardly but not kindly. Anne was still upset and crying.
7. Complete the summary of the story, using the words and phrases from the text.
investigate
dived down
dared
8. Find words in American English in the story which mean the same as these:
garden (line 1)
toilet (line 47)
tap (line 48)
yard
restroom
faucet
9. Replace the British expressions in the text with the American expressions below.
garbage first floor apartment subway truck downtown area
My family and I went on a holiday last year to visit some distant relatives I had never met before. They lived in a flat in New York in the city centre. It was exciting to visit them and they were very friendly and welcoming! They took us
apartment
downtown area
9. Replace the British expressions in the text with the American expressions below.
garbage first floor apartment subway truck downtown area
sightseeing and we went on the underground as it is the fastest way to get around.
The one problem I had was sleeping at night. They live on the ground floor of their building so I could hear all the
subway
first floor
Writing Workshop
2. Read the news report. Answer the questions.
1. What event is the report about
2. When and where did the event happen
The First Community Street Festival.
2. It was held on 21 September on Redwood Street.
2. Read the news report. Answer the questions.
3. Who attended the event and what did they do
3. Over 10,000 people from over 20 communities attended the festival. There were a wide variety of acts.
4. What did the event bring to the community
4. The festival gave great pleasure to a large number of people and it brought together the different communities within the city.
3. The news report has four paragraphs. Label each paragraph with a function.
Lead Body Round-up
Para. 1 _______________
Para. 2 _______________　
Para. 3 _______________
Para. 4 _______________
Lead
Body
Body
Round-up
Thank you