Unit 4 Adversity and Courage_高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册教材习题精讲课件（共35张）

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教材习题精讲
Unit 4
Adversity and Courage
目录
介绍
01
Reading and Thinking
02
03
04
Learning about language
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Using language
Part 01
Reading and Thinking
【习题】
(1) Read this advertisement that was posted by a famous British explorer. Discuss the questions with your group members.
【习题】
(1) Read this advertisement that was posted by a famous British explorer. Discuss the questions with your group members.
1. According to the advertisement, what kind of men was Ernest Shackleton looking for
According to the advertisement, Shackleton was looking for men who were not interested in money or comfort, but in honour and achievement, which cannot be bought.
2. Would you like to join an expedition like this Why or why not
I would like to join an expedition like this. Although it would be extremely tough, the sense of achievement I would get from doing it would be worth it. I don't think I could get the same feeling from anything else.
【课文】
A SUCCESSFUL FAILURE
Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914. Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions. Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries.
31 Oct 1914
… Well, it so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about the Antarctic expedition.
An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of. And I was ready for it. At the age of 19, I am fit and full of vigour. However, when I applied to join the expedition, Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified. But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard. Unfortunately, three days after we set off I was discovered. Shackleton did not want to turn back so he offered me a job, but only after he promised me, “If anyone has to be eaten, then you will be the first!” He assigned me to be a steward, and I now serve meals for twenty-eight men, three times a day.
How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have been to!
21 Nov 1915
The journey has not been easy. Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica. The ice froze around us and we were well and truly stuck! We saw the ship get crushed by the ice. And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it.
Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies—the small boats, our food, the cook stove, candles, clothes, and blankets. This was no time to panic. We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold. But to our surprise, he allowed Hussey to keep his banjo. Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up.
We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive, but spring is coming, and the ice will soon begin to melt.
20 May 1916
We have been struggling for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. We are now crowded together under one of our boats on the rocky shore of this miserable place. Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1,320 kilometres away—the
voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. If Shackleton fails, will we have any hope of rescue No. No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island, and no one else knows that we are here.
I feel low. It’s cold and windy. The island has no plants. Sometimes we are able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. Otherwise, there is no food. I try to think of happier things: decent food, warm and dry clothes, a cosy bedroom, sunny days, and my mother’s face … However, these happy memories are soon interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air.
I shouted, “Shut the door!”
“Hold on now, Perce. Don’t you go turning into another Tom,” came the reply. “We’ve caught another penguin, so it’s penguin soup tonight!”
Bless Frank Wild, the kindest man there is after our leader, Ernest Shackleton. How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees!
Without Frank and Ernest, we’d all be dead by now. Their genuine concern for others, their perseverance, and their resolve fill me with hope.
Perhaps there is a chance we will return home, after all.
【习题】
(2) Read the text and answer the questions.
1. How did Blackborow come to join the expedition
Blackborow tried to join the expedition by applying but was rejected for lack of experience. So, he hid on the ship and was later discovered. Shackleton let him have a job rather than turn back.
2 What happened to Endurance What did the crew members have to do
Endurance got stuck in ice as it approached Antarctica. The ship got crushed and the crew had to abandon it. The crew had to collect essential supplies and camp on the ice.
3 What did Shackleton do to make sure they could survive
Shackleton made sure they survived by leaving with a few men to find help. It was too dangerous for all the men to go.
【习题】
(3) What do the highlighted words mean Use your own words to explain them.
·The word “vigour” means health and energy.
·The phrase “turned...down” means to reject or refuse something or someone.
·The word “crushed” means to be squeezed until damaged.
·The phrase "keep our spirits up” means to stay positive usually in a bad situation.
·The word “miserable” means very unhappy or uncomfortable
·The word “cosy” means very comfortable, safe, and warm
(3) Read the text again and discuss the questions with your partner.
1. How did Blackborow’s feelings about being on the expedition change as the days passed
Blackborow's feeling about being on the expedition changed from enthusiasm at the start to fear and extreme discomfort after Endurance got stuck.
(3) Read the text again and discuss the questions with your partner.
2. What personal qualities did Shackleton, Wild, and Blackborow exhibit Find examples from the text to support your answers.
Shackleton showed kindness when he allowed Blackborow to stay on the ship and gave him a job. He showed calmness when he asked the crew to collect essentials. He showed he was not selfish when he left his gold behind, but showed he was thinking of others’ feelings by allowing Hussey to keep his banjo. He showed great bravery by setting off to find help for the rest of the crew. Wild was shown to be kind when he tried to lift Blackborow’s spirits. Blackborow was enthusiastic at first, making sure he got on the expedition. Although he felt low later, he tried to think about better things, showing again his positive character.
Part 02
Learning About Language
Build up your vocabulary
(1) Find the suitable adjectives from the previous text to complete the sentences. The first letter of each word has been given.
1. He behaves in a d__________ manner and we think he is a real gentleman.
2. With the gentle music, soft lights, and comfortable sofas, this café is everything you need
after a tiring day. It is a c__________ and relaxing place.
3. He used to be so cross and b_____________ that nobody could tolerate him, but the birth of his son changed his life and made him a better person.
4. Life was cruel to Oliver when he was young. Although living a m__________ life, he had a very kind heart.
5. Try to learn from your mistakes and b__________ failures. It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.
6. The young boy has demonstrated a g__________ interest in the expedition to the Antarctic.
ecent
osy
ad-tempered
iserable
itter
enuine
Build up your vocabulary
(2) Choose the appropriate word to complete each sentence.
1. The fire alarm caused a panic/worry in the theatre and the crowd fled in all directions.
2. Although my grandpa is retired, he is very enthusiastic/concerned about volunteer work.
3. The officer was assigned/employed to conduct a thorough investigation into the incident.
4. The sun was sinking/falling behind the mountains when we reached the top.
5. It took him a lot of vigour/energy to move all the items of furniture inside the house.
Build up your vocabulary
(3) Choose the appropriate word to complete each sentence.
After seeing the advertisement in the newspaper, Perce Blackborow __________ to join the Antarctic expedition led by Sir Ernest Shackleton no matter what challenges might lie ahead. Unfortunately, his application ________________because he was too young and not qualified enough. However, he managed to get __________ the Endurance with his friend’s help. He hid in a __________, but was soon discovered and brought to Shackleton. Although the captain was angry, he __________ the boy the job of cooking for the __________.
resolved
was turned down
aboard
cupboard
assigned
crew
Build up your vocabulary
(3) Choose the appropriate word to complete each sentence.
Their __________ did not go smoothly, and the Endurance became stuck in the ice. Before the Endurance was crushed and __________ into the sea, Shackleton gave the order to __________ ship, and the crew had to camp on ice. They then sailed to Elephant Island. Soon after that, Shackleton selected a boat party and__________ for South Georgia Island to get help.
voyage
sank
abandon
set off
(1) Look at the sentence in the present perfect continuous tense. Find more examples from the previous text and discuss the function of the tense.
EXAMPLE This is the adventure that I have been dreaming of.
Discover useful structures
Page 38 The last but one line: “...we have been managing to survive...”
Page 39 Line 2: “We have been struggling for days...”
(2) Read each situation and rewrite each sentence using the present perfect continuous tense.
Discover useful structures
Steye has been playing rugby since the age of eight. Now he has become a professional player.
Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat. He looks a little tired because he has been playing table tennis for two hours.
Diane hasn't been sleeping well this week. She looks terrible today.
I have been trying to phone you this morning. I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here.
(3) Complete the sentences below using the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets. Then explain your reasons to your partner.
Discover useful structures
1. For the whole morning, the board of directors____________________ (discuss) the resolution to increase wages in the coming year.
2. Jason’s only recreation is painting. He__________________(learn) how to paint for over five years.
3. Even though we lost the game, we should be proud of ourselves because we __________ (try) our best and__________ (work) as a team.
4. He finally__________ (finish) the research paper under his tutor’s guidance.
5. My nephew Sam ____________________ (collect) comic books since he was five. Now he has more than two hundred of them.
6. The company ___________________________________(launch) an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image.
has been discussing
has been learning
tried
worked
finished
has been collecting
is launching/has launched/launched
Part 03
Using Language
THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE
We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. It was easy to imagine the danger ahead of them. Would they ever return to find us What might happen to them What if they were delayed We felt so alone and desperate. But it was not for long. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up.
Life fell into a regular pattern. Staying alive took all our time and energy. For example, we needed water, and Elephant Island had none. We found that we could melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from it. But how could we make fire There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. This gave off oily, black smoke, but it stayed burning even in strong winds.
【课文】
Food was also a problem, as we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island. One of our group members, Lionel Greenstreet, noted in his diary about how bored he was with the meals: “The food now is pretty well all meat of sea creatures.” If it weren’t for sea animals, we would all starve. As a chef, it was my duty to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could. But it was difficult.
We had to be careful not to go outside too often, as the changing temperatures could make us ill. It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few. The sweat could freeze very quickly. Many of us also became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires. It damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs.
【课文】
The twenty-two of us lived like this in the cold for four months. Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way. We also celebrated our birthdays, festivals, and even the times when we caught a sea animal. This was an episode in my life that I would never forget.
When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. We were at last free to go home to warm beds, good food, and the care of our family and friends. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death.
【课文】
(1) Read the text again and answer the following questions.
【习题】
I predict that the crew members struggled with keeping warm in the terrible conditions. They also would have found it hard to find food and make fire. The ice would have been moving and breaking too, which would be very dangerous. I predict that Shackleton would be successful in rescuing his men, though I am not sure if all of them survived for that long.
(2) Read the text again and answer the following questions.
【习题】
1. What did the men eat and drink on the island
2. What were the dangers of living on the island
3. How did the men stay in good spirits while waiting to be rescued
4. What do you think were the key reasons for their survival
5. If you were one of the men on Elephant Island, would you have trusted Shackleton Why or why not
Suggested Answer
(2) Read the text again and answer the following questions.
1. What did the men eat and drink on the island
The men ate the meat of sea creatures and drank water from melted ice.
2. What were the dangers of living on the island
The dangers of living on the island were the changing temperatures, lack of food and water, and the black smoke from burning animal fat.
3. How did the men stay in good spirits while waiting to be rescued
The men stayed in good spirits by being disciplined and staying positive. They celebrated birthdays, festivals, and every time when they caught a sea animal.
Suggested Answer
(2) Read the text again and answer the following questions.
4. What do you think were the key reasons for their survival
I think the key reasons for their survival were their discipline and positive mental attitude, as well as the reliability of Shackleton.
5. If you were one of the men on Elephant Island, would you have trusted Shackleton Why or why not
I would have trusted Shackleton as he was a man of honour and would do all he possibly could to save us.
Assessing Your Progress
(1) Complete the passage with the proper forms of the words in the box.
One hundred years ago, exploring the Antarctic was a dangerous business. Because of the ________ weather and very little knowledge of how to survive in the Antarctic, the chances of success were quite slim and many explorers died. The people who signed up for such voyages were paid low ________ and had to tolerate poor working conditions and rough seas, along with the cold and ________ weather.
cruel
wages
damp
(1) Complete the passage with the proper forms of the words in the box.
They also had to have a strong __________ to finish what they had started no matter how hard it was, great personal discipline, and a firm _________ to the other members of the team. Yet, many____________ still applied to join such explorations. Some might have wanted to become famous. Others were looking for rewards. However, the ________ for many was to experience a great adventure.
resolution
commitment
candidates
motive
(2) Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. The philosophy of Confucius, also known as Confucianism, ___________ deeply ___________ (influence) Chinese culture.
2. Henry _______(join) the navy when he was 20 and he ___________ (retire) now.
3. The girl ______________ (want) to meet the pianist ever since she ___________ (attend) his concert.
4. ___________ you ___________ (hear) of the saying “Curiosity killed the cat”
has
influenced
joined
has retired
has retired
attended
Have
heard
(2) Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
5. Your fridge ___________(give off) a terrible smell. When _________you last _________(clean) it
6. As the children are older now, we _____________(think) of moving to a bigger house.
7. My friend Maggie ________________(ask) me to visit her for ages, but I _________not really _________(have) the time.
8. I __________________________(expect) the movie to end happily, but actually it has a sad ending.
did
is giving off
clean
are thinking
has been asking
do
have
expected/was expecting
Thank You