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教材习题精讲
Unit 3
Sea Exploration
目录
介绍
01
Reading and Thinking
02
03
04
Learning about language
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Using language
Part 01
Reading and Thinking
【习题】
(1) Do you know any stories about sea voyages Share your story with a partner.
Answers may include stories from classical literature novels, movies, or documentaries, such as 20, 000 Leagues Under the Sea (Jules Verne), Treasure Island (Robert Luis Stevenson), Moby Dick (Herman Melville), Gulliver's Travels (Jonathan Swift), Life of Pi (Yann Martel), Flowers in the Mirror (Li Ruzhen), and Classic of Mountains and Seas (or Shan-hai Ching).
【课文】
REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA
Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind’s greatest achievements. To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations. Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east. However, merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did.
In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road. A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). Here, merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals, which also led to more awareness of each other’s cultures. Over the centuries, further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China, as recorded in Du Huan’s Record of My Travels in the eighth century.
【课文】
Later, the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions. Between 1405 and 1433, seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration. These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time. Under the command of Zheng He, they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea, and then to the east coast of Africa. African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as gestures of friendship in return for gold, silk, and spices. Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433, these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries.
To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today. The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative.
【课文】
The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world. Trading has grown greatly in recent years, and will continue to do so in years to come. China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes, which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.
【课文】
China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects. Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times, there are still many other places left to explore. In recent years, China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic. From a scientific point of view, there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
Hundreds of years on, and with the latest technology in hand, the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future.
【习题】
(2) Look at the title and skim the text. Decide what type of essay it is.
It is an expository essay.
(3) Read the text again. Write down the main idea of each paragraph.
Paragraph 1: Travel from east to west began long before Columbus.
Paragraph 2: In ancient times, travel east to west was on the Silk Road.
Paragraph 3: Zheng He's sea voyages built relations with other countries.
Paragraph 4: The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road has encouraged cooperation and strengthened the bonds between China and the rest of the world (Today, the Belt and Road Initiative is picking up where Zheng He left off.)
Paragraph 5: China is also joining with other countries on other important projects.
Paragraph 6: China will continue to explore the sea and enhance relationships with other countries.
【习题】
(4) Scan the text and fill in the table with the correct names.
【习题】
the Silk Road
African royal families
the Arctic
Rome
Sri Lanka
(4) Scan the text and fill in the table with the correct names.
【习题】
the Ming Dynasty
Du Huan
Zheng He
Marco Polo
(5) In groups, discuss the following questions. Make notes under two columns: Facts and Opinions.
Facts:
European explorers, China, India, Ceylon, African royal families
【习题】
Opinions:
for trade
Which countries reached out across the sea in the past and why
Facts:
They got new products from many different countries and became more aware of other cultures
Opinions:
In some cases, this led to invasion and conquest.
What benefits and problems did those countries get from doing this
(5) In groups, discuss the following questions. Make notes under two columns: Facts and Opinions.
Facts:
The land and sea routes remained active channels between different cultures for centuries
【习题】
Opinions:
Generally speaking, the result was positive, as it advanced the spread of knowledge, technology, and goods, and made the world a smaller place.
What effects did reaching out across the sea in the past have on the world
Facts:
The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historical Silk Road areas, and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world
Opinions:
It will lead to greater integration with China and other countries.
What do you think is the significance of the Belt and Road Initiative
Part 02
Learning About Language
Build up your vocabulary
(1) Write down the word that matches each definition. Then find the sentences containing these words in the text.
1. ________ an imaginary story or an exciting description of an event
2. ________ related to the king or queen of a country
3. ________ to reach an agreement by discussion
4. ________ to stop taking part in an activity
5. ________ to make something longer or larger
6. ________ a connection between people
7. ________ a level of quality, ability, etc.
8. ________ a deep passage of water used as a route for ships
tale
royal
negotiate
withdraw
extend
bond
league
channel
Build up your vocabulary
(1) Choose the appropriate words from above to complete the following sentences.
1 Their common experience created a strong ________ between them.
2 As a major figure in British politics, Churchill was in a ________ of his own.
3 The deadline has been __________ by two days.
4 I’m reading a book about folk ________ and ancient legends.
bond
league
extended
tales
Build up your vocabulary
(2) Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the phrases in the box.
1 Henry Norman Bethune devoted his life and profession to helping people without expecting anything __________.
2 Last summer we visited an island in the Indian Ocean, whose rocky coastline and long golden beaches were _________________.
3 The tennis player ______________ several tournaments due to injury.
4 With lots of food and drink ________, they set off for their picnic.
in return
a sight to behold
withdrew from
in hand
Build up your vocabulary
(3) Complete the passage below with the correct forms of the words in the box.
In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese adventurer, made the first voyage around the world. On 14 June 2008, nearly 500 years later, a 16-year-old American boy, Zac Sunderland, __________ on a similar journey. After 13 months, he returned with a new world record: the youngest person ever to sail around the world.
set sail
Build up your vocabulary
(3) Complete the passage below with the correct forms of the words in the box.
Zac grew up on a boat and learnt how to sail when he was four, which ________________________ of his success. As a child, Zac read a book about Robin Lee Graham who had sailed around the world alone as a teenager in 1965. Zac was greatly inspired by Graham’s __________. After his 16th birthday, Zac started making plans for his journey. Using his own money, Zac bought a boat and set off.
formed the foundation
tales
Build up your vocabulary
(3) Complete the passage below with the correct forms of the words in the box.
_____________________________ is often a mixture of danger and __________. Zac had to _______________ through heavy storms and get by on little sleep on his journey. It was boring to stay on a boat all day, so Zac read lots of books! He also emailed his family using his laptop, telling them about his experiences around the world.
When the journey ended, Zac’s adventure received widespread media coverage. At his press conference, he talked about how passion and courage made his dream come true. In his opinion, there’s so much that people can achieve with the right ____________ and ambition. Just go for it!
Reaching out across the sea
boredom
find his way
motivation
Discover useful structures
(1) Find all the sentences containing infinitives in the reading passage. Then mark their functions.
To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion...(S)
Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east. (OC)
Here,merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals...(Ad)
To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today. (S)
The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade...(P)
Discover useful structures
(1) Find all the sentences containing infinitives in the reading passage. Then mark their functions.
Trading has grown greatly...and will continue to do so in years to come. (O; Attr)
...which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange. (O)
...there are still many other places left to explore. (Attr)
...China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic. (Attr)
...there is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects. (Attr; Ad)
...the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. (Attr; Attr; oC)
Discover useful structures
(2) Join the words to make sentences using infinitives. Then decide the function of each infinitive.
Discover useful structures
1 He encouraged me to participate in the surfing competition. (OC)
2 The storm seems to be getting closer. (P)
3 Magellan was the first person to sail around the world. (Attr)
4 The UN peacekeeping force aims to maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts. (O)
5 The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work. (Ad)
6 It is a good idea to tax plastic bottles so that people use them less. (Attr)
7 The Jiaolong manned submersible is said to be able to reach 7 km underwater. (O; O)
8 It remains to be seen whether or not his capsule can work. (O)
(2) Join the words to make sentences using infinitives. Then decide the function of each infinitive.
Discover useful structures
(3) Read the beginning of The Little Mermaid and use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks. What do you think happens next
to measure
to see
dancing
formed
to have been born
Discover useful structures
(3) Read the beginning of The Little Mermaid and use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks. What do you think happens next
to play
swimming
/to swim
swimming
not to worry
Part 03
Using Language
【课文】
【课文】
【课文】
(1) Read the two texts below and find the arguments and evidence in them.
【习题】
Text 1
1. Exploration causes pollution.
·Deepwater Horizon oil spill
·Plastic pollution
2. Mining for resources is damaging
·It hurts the Arctic.
·Burning fossil fuels adds to climate change.
3. Overfishing is an issue.
·Whales and dolphins are hunted.
·Banned, but some countries still doing it
(1) Read the two texts below and find the arguments and evidence in them.
【习题】
Text 2
1. Sea exploration is important for our future.
·Scientific research ships can help address important issues like climate change.
2. Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better.
·New medicines, food resources and energy.
·Predict events such as earthquakes.
3 We need new resources for future development.
·Vast amounts of resources may be under the sea and ice.
(2) Look at the two charts below and decide which one supports which text.
【习题】
Text 1: Global trends in the state of world marine fish stocks
Text 2: Decline in oil spills
(2) Read the text again. How does the writer describe these animals Find at least three rhetorical devices the writer uses to arouse the readers’ interest.
【习题】
This expresses the strength and resolve of the Australians as individuals and as a nation. (metaphor)
They are about the size of small dogs and look like rather large black rats. (simile)
The noise they make could wake the dead. (hyperbole)
While it may lay eggs in a nest like a bird, it's really a primitive mammal, with a unique biology. (simile)
(3) In groups, discuss the following questions and take notes.
1. What is your opinion about sea exploration Do you agree with one argument more than the other
I think sea exploration is a wonderful idea, because even if there are no immediate rewards for it, to explore and find out more about our world is always a good thing.
2. Has your opinion changed after reading the two texts Why or why not
Yes, my opinion has changed. Before reading Text 1, I did not know that sea exploration could add to sea pollution, via deep sea drilling for example.
(3) In groups, discuss the following questions and take notes.
3. Are there any other aspects of sea exploration not mentioned that you think are important
We do not know what we don't know; We need to explore the ocean so that we can better understand issues such as acidification which leads to seawater to become more acidic, and how to fight these problems; Studying the ocean causes the creation of new technologies that can help us in other areas.
Assessing Your Progress
(1) Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.
1. After finishing his workout, he updated his fitness_________.
2. In the final match, his ___________ will be stronger and more experienced.
3. In a classical music concert, the audience _________ politely at the end of the performance.
4. I couldn’t find your name in the telephone _________.
5. A $5 million reward has been announced for information leading to the arrest of those responsible for the _________.
log
applauded
opponent
directory
murder
(2) Complete the passage below with the proper forms of the verbs in brackets. What do you think happened to the son
to keep
to be
connected
were
crying
to find
looking
to go
not to swim
(2) Complete the passage below with the proper forms of the verbs in brackets. What do you think happened to the son
fishing
rolling
crying
to save
The son had changed into a seal and discovered that he was much happier living in the sea. Sadly, he tried to go back and visit his parents, but he discovered that he could not become a human again.
Thank You