阅读理解之说明文15篇
(湖南中考真题+中考模拟)
湖南中考真题练
（2024·湖南·中考真题）Would you be able to sleep with one eye open Bottlenose dolphins (宽吻海豚) can. When they sleep, only half of their brain goes to sleep. They sleep with one eye open to stay safe. Half of their brain sleeps for about two hours before the other half of their brain gets a chance to sleep. Sometimes, the dolphins will keep swimming while they are sleeping.
Dolphins are not fish—they are mammals (哺乳动物). These mammals have lungs (肺). And they don’t have gills (腮) like fish. They are also warm-blooded and have to go to the surface of the water to get air into their lungs. Dolphins don’t lay eggs. Their young are born alive, and they drink milk from their mothers. Dolphins are one of the smartest animals in the world. There are many stories about how they save people out of water. They are able to solve many problems like humans. They can even use tools to catch fish. But their cleverness doesn’t end there.
Dolphins can also pass on anything they learn to other dolphins, like interesting fishing skills. They communicate with each other in many ways. They use different sounds to talk to each other. Dolphins know the “voices” of other dolphins and even know exactly who is making which sound. Another thing that shows their cleverness is that they can also know themselves in a mirror (镜子) and check different parts of their body in it.
1．Why do bottlenose dolphins sleep with one eye open
A．To stay safe.
B．To sleep for two hours.
C．To swim faster.
2．What can we learn about dolphins from paragraph 2
A．They use gills to get air.
B．They are warm-blooded.
C．They lay eggs like fish.
3．How do dolphins talk to each other
A．By learning fishing skills.
B．By using different sounds.
C．By checking their bodies.
4．Which part of a magazine may the passage be taken from
A．Art. B．Health. C．Nature.
（2024·湖南·中考真题）Headphones are helpful. Many kids use them. But headphones can be harmful, too. They can cause hearing loss if the volume (音量) is too loud. Studies show that one out of every ten kids in the United States has some hearing loss. The cause is loud noise.
Do you know how we hear There are cells (细胞) inside the ears that help us hear. We can’t see them with our eyes. “We call them hair cells,” Jackie Clark said. “They look like hairs standing up.” Clark is a scientist at the University of Texas. She studies noises and ears. Sound cannot be seen, but it can make the hair cells move back and forward. Think of the wind in the leaves.
Loud noises can damage (损伤) these cells. And once the cells are damaged, they don’t grow back. Sometimes there’s tinnitus. “It’s like someone is playing a note on the flute (长笛) for a long time,” Clark says. It shows we’re losing hearing. Tinnitus is not only harmful to our ears, also it can make us feel uneasy. That’s why it’s necessary to protect our ears.
How can we protect our ears We’d better keep the volume low when we use our headphones. We should be able to hear sounds around us. And other people shouldn’t hear noise from our headphones. “If I can hear what you’re listening to when you’re wearing your headphones,” Clark says, “it’s too loud.” To protect our ears, keep our headphones at about half volume.
1．What can we know about hair cells
A．They help us hear.
B．They look like hairs lying down.
C．They can be seen clearly with our eyes.
2．What does the underlined word “tinnitus” mean in Paragraph 3
A．A musical voice.
B．A kind of instrument.
C．Ringing in ears.
3．What’s the main purpose of the last paragraph
A．To give advice.
B．To show problems.
C．To explain reasons.
4．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Before listening to music, choose a good headphone.
B．When using a headphone, keep the volume low.
C．After using a headphone, check your ears.
湖南中考模拟真题练
（2025·湖南郴州·一模）“Ne Zha 2” is an exciting animated (动画的) movie that continues the story of the brave young hero, Ne Zha. In the first movie, Ne Zha was born with special powers, but people were afraid of him because they thought he was a demon (恶魔) . However, NeZha didn’t give up. He fought against evil (邪恶) and proved that he could be a hero with his courage and determination (决心).
In “NeZha 2”, NeZha faces new challenges and meets new friends. Together, they go on an exciting adventure, solving problems and facing dangers. The movie has beautiful animations (动画) with bright colors and lively characters. The action scenes are thrilling, and the story is full of surprises.
One of the important messages in the movie is that anyone can be a hero if they believe in themselves. Ne Zha learns to control his powers and make the right choices. He also discovers that true strength comes from the heart. The movie teaches us about friendship, bravery, and never giving up. It is a great movie for both children and adults, and it reminds us that we can all overcome our challenges and become the best version of ourselves.
1．What was the problem with Ne Zha in the first movie
A．He didn’t have any powers.
B．He didn’t want to be a hero.
C．People were afraid of him because they though the was a demon.
2．What does the underlined word “thrilling” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Boring. B．Exciting. C．Terrible.
3．Who is the movie suitable (适合的) for
A．Only children. B．Only adults. C．Children and adults.
4．What does the movie “Ne Zha 2” mainly teach us
A．We should always avoid challenges.
B．It’s OK to give up when things get difficult.
C．It teaches us about friendship, bravery, and the spirit of never giving up.
（2025·湖南·模拟预测）Paper Cheques (支票) vs. Electronic Payments
In our modern world, where everything is digital (数字化), you might think that paper cheques are no longer used in business. However, they’re still around! In the US, a lot of businesses still use them. About one-third of all business payments are made with paper cheques, and 81% of companies still use them for some bills.
It’s a fact that electronic payments are quicker to make, easier to manage and record. They save more paper and are better for the environment. They are also much safer. Most importantly, they can be made and dealt with anywhere. Many companies prefer them and some even require customers to use them. For example, Microsoft won’t accept paper cheques from its partners anymore.
But to be honest, I will miss paper cheques. I like the habit of writing cheques every two weeks. The best part is signing them. That shows my power (权力). Some customers like signing cheques because it makes them feel powerful. Paper cheques are not just payment methods but also a way for companies to show their logos (标志). And they can make them look strong and have some belief.
Clearly, electronic payments are getting more popular, but paper cheques aren’t as common as before. Most people using paper ones are over 50. Younger people hardly use them. However, many US businesses still use paper cheques now. Maybe we should enjoy using paper ones while we can, because electronic ones are becoming the main choice.
1．What percentage (百分比) of companies in the US still use paper cheques
A．33%. B．81%. C．91%.
2．What’s the advantage of electronic payments
A．Helping people save money.
B．Cutting down on the workforce.
C．Being better for the environment.
3．What is probably the writer
A．A business owner. B．A computer engineer. C．A factory worker.
4．What do we know about paper cheques from the last paragraph
A．They are still widely used as before.
B．They will completely disappear in the future.
C．They aren’t the main means of payment any more.
（2025·湖南娄底·二模）Man and nature have always had a deep, close relationship. On the one hand, since the beginning of time, humans have depended on nature for their survival (生存). On the other hand, humans can also make a big influence on the natural world.
Over a long period, the relationship between man and nature has been tense (令人紧张的). Humans have done great harm to the environment. Pollution, overfishing, and deforestation (滥伐森林) are just a few of the problems that have appeared as a result of human activity. Nature is crying out loud.
More and more cities and people have heard the cries and taken actions. Yancheng, a city in Jiangsu, built a large nature reserve (保护区) and provided the red-crowned cranes (丹顶鹤) with a good home. Wang Jiangang, a man in his sixties, led a team to plant trees in the Gobi Desert. He has done that for about eight years, with the goal of creating a forest there.
When we take good care of nature, nature rewards us greatly. There are bluer skies, greener mountains, cleaner air, nicer food, and friendlier animals. Nature not only keeps us alive but also provides us with a happy life.
Now, you see why it is important for us to live in harmony (和谐) with nature.More importantly, we need to keep in mind that humans are not above nature; we are part of it.
1．Why has the relationship between man and nature been tense
A．Humans have heard the cries of nature.
B．Humans have done great harm to the environment.
C．Humans have depended on nature for their survival.
2．Wang Jiangang’s team plant trees in the Gobi Desert to ________.
A．create a forest in the desert
B．build a large nature reserve there
C．provide a home for the red-crown cranes
3．The underlined word “rewards” in Paragraph 4 means ________ in Chinese.
A．奖赏 B．酬谢 C．回报
4．Where does the text probably come from
A．A travel magazine. B．A nature magazine. C．A sports magazine.
（2025·湖南永州·一模）Nowadays in many Chinese cities, schools have made class breaks longer. They used to be 10 minutes, but now they are 15 minutes. This change is to help students and teachers go outside and play more.
Before, the short breaks didn’t give students much time to play outside, especially if they were in big buildings with many floors. Sometimes, schools didn’t let students leave their rooms during breaks because they were worried about safety.
Now, with longer class breaks, schools want to make sure students can play and exercise for at least 30 minutes every day. Cities like Beijing, Tianjin, and Qingdao have started doing this. In Beijing, they made the breaks longer by taking time from the longer breaks in the middle of the day. This didn’t change when students start and finish school.
In Wu xi, a city in Jiangsu Province, schools have 15-minute breaks and make sure students have one gym class each day. In order to help students play outside and talk with their friends, schools ask students to exercise for at least 100 minutes every day. The people in charge of schools there said they want to give the break time back to the students.
In Qingdao, a school started playing different games outside, like jump rope and hula hoop (呼啦圈), and also had puzzles to play inside during the longer breaks. They organize the students by the floor they are on so everyone can play outside. A check in May showed that more students in Qingdao are getting good scores on their health tests.
1．In which places have students started having class breaks for at least 30 minutes at school
A．Beijing and Qingdao. B．Tianjin and Wu xi. C．Wu xi and Qingdao.
2．How long are the class breaks in the schools in Wu xi, Jiangsu Province
A．10 minutes. B．15 minutes. C．30 minutes.
3．Which is not the reason about schools these days have made class breaks longer in China
A．To make students go outside and play more.
B．To make students become healthier.
C．To make students study harder.
4．What is the article mainly about
A．The short class breaks make students feel tired.
B．Chinese schools make class breaks longer.
C．Chinese students have more after-school activities.
（2025·湖南永州·一模）。
Everyone loves receiving gifts, and across cultures, presents are a way to show care and love. However, traditions are not the same in every country.
As a European living in China, I’ve seen some interesting differences. For example, while fruit and milk are common gifts here, in my culture, they might be a better choice when you are visiting someone in the hospital.
When you get invited to a dinner party in Europe, a bottle of fine wine is also a good gift. Still, it’s best to check if your hosts drink alcohol (酒).
Many Europeans will usually open their presents right away, except in places like Germany. It’s also important to take off the price tag (标签).
What if you don’t like your gift In Spain, you still need to say you love the gift to avoid hurting the other person’s feelings. But if they remember to leave the receipt inside the gift, which is a very common practice in Spain, you can just exchange it for something else.
Re-gifting (礼物转送) is another good idea, as long as the present looks new. Jennifer Molski from Chicago, America has turned re-gifting into a nice project, collecting gifts people didn’t want for those in need, CBS News reported.
How the present looks is also important. However, by using wrapping paper (包装纸) for every present we buy, we produce a lot of waste. Germans value high-quality wrapping paper, but many are now choosing newspapers or maps to help the environment.
Finally, remember: It’s the thought that counts, not the size or the cost of the gift.
1．Which of the following is not true about Europeans’ gift rules
A．Fruit and milk might be a better choice when Europeans are visiting someone in the hospital.
B．A bottle of fine wine is also a good gift When you get invited to a dinner party in Europe.
C．Many Europeans such as Germans will usually open their presents right away.
2．What does the underlined word “receipt” mean in Chinese in Paragraph 5
A．收据 B．钱包 C．购物卡
3．What is the main purpose of the writer in Paragraph 7
A．Re-gifting is another good idea.
B．Wrapping paper for every present we buy tries to help the environment.
C．The present looks beautiful is very important.
4．What’s the best title for this article
A．Everyone Loves Receiving Gifts
B．Europeans Have Many Rules about Gifts
C．Different Places Might Have Different Rules about Gifts
（2025·湖南湘潭·一模）Are you busy with housework, such as cleaning tables or doing dishes Do your grandparents have trouble carrying heavy things Have you noticed the rubbish covering the lake surface Now robots are coming to change. The robot Mobile Aloha invented by scientists at Stanford University in the US became popular online. Aloha can prepare dishes on its own, from cutting vegetables to cooking food. It’s also good at watering plants, petting cats, cleaning the floor and washing clothes. It even knows to put away the clothes and quilts. However, it can’t work well without a human “teaching” it. When the situation changes, it may break dishes, fall over things and even burn a pot.
The stair-climbing robot, made by a 16-year-old student Zhou Yihan helps the elderly when shopping. “I found many elderly prefer shopping in the supermarkets, but carrying heavy things like rice and oil can be difficult for them.” Zhou said. He spent half a year making his robot, carefully programming its every function. Zhou’s creation has unique changeable wheels. When traveling on flat ground, the robot uses circular wheels and achieves turning by changing its speed. However, when climbing stairs or traveling through hard areas, the robot changes to triangular wheels.
The Vision-based Water Surface Cleaning Robot helps to clean up the pond filled with smelly rubbish. The robot moves like a boat and can be controlled far away from the bank. To collect garbage, the robot has two plates as “hands”. Then the rubbish is sent to a basket after pared to other water surface cleaning robots, it is small, light and eco-friendly. “It has a solar panel (太阳能板) set on top.”
Bionic (仿生的) human-like robots has attracted great attention recently. The US company Apptronik created a human-like robot Apollo. The robot can make movements like walking, waving and dancing. The robot’s head has cameras and sensors inside. They can help it map out a 360-degree view of its environment. They also help the robot keep balance when walking.
1．According to the passage, _________ can help sweep the floor and water plants.
A．Mobile Aloha B．Apollo C．the stair-climbing robot
2．How long did Zhou Yihan spend creating the stair-climbing robot
A．Two months. B．Six months. C．Twelve months.
3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to
A．The camera. B．The sensor. C．The robot.
4．What may be the best title for the passage
A．Technology Influencing the World.
B．New Robots Changing Our Life.
C．Robots for the Elderly and Environment.
（2025·湖南岳阳·一模）Koalas might look like cute teddy bears, but they are actually marsupials (有袋动物) like kangaroos. These gray furry animals spend 18-20 hours a day sleeping in eucalyptus trees (桉树). Their strong claws help them hold onto branches tightly, even while sleeping.
Koalas eat only eucalyptus leaves. An adult koala needs about 500 grams of leaves daily. Surprisingly, these leaves are poisonous to most animals! Koalas have special stomachs to digest them safely. Baby koalas, called joeys stay in their mother’s pouch (育儿袋) for six months. After that, they ride on their mother’s back for another six months.
Koalas face many challenges. Forest fires and habitat loss make it hard for them to survive. Also, koalas seldom drink water—they get most moisture from leaves. Scientists call them “climate refugees” because they struggle to adapt to hotter weather.
1．What do koalas mainly eat
A．Bamboo leaves. B．Eucalyptus leaves. C．Fresh fruits.
2．The underlined word “moisture” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.
A．water B．food C．energy
3．How do baby koalas stay safe
A．By hiding in tree holes.B．By staying in mother’s pouch. C．By eating special leaves.
4．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To warn about forest fires.
B．To describe koalas’ unique lifestyle.
C．To encourage people to adopt koalas.
（24-25九年级下·湖南衡阳·阶段练习）Many of us don’t care about the importance of eye care. It is said that if you take care of your body, then you can surely be healthy. That is why we should give a lot of care to our eyes. Natural eye care should be put in a number one place.
There are several causes leading to poor eyesight, like not enough food, genes (基因) and aging (老化). Television, computers and reading are also the causes of having poor eyesight. If you have to work in front of the computer, it is best to take a rest every once in a while. Something dirty can cause redness and they will make you feel uncomfortable. It is bad for your eyes, too. If this happens, the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water. You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things. For example, sunglasses can not only make you look cool but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays (紫外线).
Eating healthy foods will do good to your eyesight. Remember that vitamin A, C and E are good for your eyes. Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins. And you should do eye exercises because exercise protects your eyesight, too. If a person often exercises and eats the right kind of food, his eyes will stay in good health for a long time.
All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep eyes healthy. Being happy all the time can be beneficial to a person’s eyesight, too. In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is.
1．What is the most important way to protect our eyes
A．Natural eye care. B．Taking medicine. C．Seeing the doctor.
2．What should you do if you have to work in front of the computer
A．Eat healthy food. B．Clean the eyes by using cold water. C．Have a rest after working for a while.
3．What does the underlined word “beneficial” probably mean
A．Impossible. B．Helpful. C．Lucky.
4．Which is the best title of the passage
A．Ways of Eye Care B．Ways of Eye Exercises C．Ways of Being Happy
（24-25九年级下·湖南常德·阶段练习）To understand why the Earth is warming up, first of all, we need to understand why it is warm. Our planet is covered with atmosphere (大气). Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and reaches the Earth. The Sun heats up the Earth’s surface. When the heat rises into the air, it is stopped by some special gases (气体) in the atmosphere like CO2, the heat returns to the Earth and keeps it warm.
Power stations and cars release (释放) so many greenhouse gases every day. So we can help stop global (全球) warming by using less electric things such as turning off lights when we leave a room, asking our parents to turn down the heating in our house to save energy. We can also stop global warming by finding other ways of transportation. For example, ride a bicycle or walk instead of going by car. Another way to help stop global warming is to plant and care for trees. Because trees take in CO2, they are our best friends when fighting against global warming.
The problem of global warming cannot be solved in a day. It may take a long time to find clean energy, such as wind energy. It may take a long time to plant the trees again we are cutting down. But every little thing each person can do to save energy and our forests will help. Think about our planet. Think about ways we can help make the Earth a safe and comfortable place for the future.
1．The underlined word “it” means _________ in the first paragraph.
A．the Earth B．the heat C．the sunlight
2．_________ ways are mentioned to stop global warming to the second paragraph.
A．Two B．Three C．Four
3．Which of the following is NOT true
A．Everybody can help save energy and our forests.
B．The problem of global warming can not be solved.
C．To find clean energy will help solve the problem of global warming.
4．Which is the best title of this passage
A．Why is the Earth warming up
B．When can we stop the Earth from warming up
C．How can we stop the Earth getting warmer
（2025·湖南岳阳·一模）AI Helper in Daily Study
Nowadays, many students use AI tools like DeepSeek to help with their studies. For example, it can check homework answers, explain math problems, even help write essays (短文) and so on. Lately, Lily, a ninth-grade student, used DeepSeek to review math questions. “It analyzes (分析) things clearly, like a patient teacher,” she said.
However, some students rely too much on AI. Tom, a middle-school student, once copied an essay directly from DeepSeek without thinking. The essay used complex sentences, which was very different from Tom’s usual simple writing style. When his teacher read it, she noticed some mistakes. So she became angry and said to Tom, “AI is useful, but you need to use your own brain!” Also, when solving a difficult math problem one day, DeepSeek gave two different answers. Tom felt confused until his teacher helped him explain the steps. What’s more, when students use AI to write, they often miss the chance to improve their creativity.
“Students must verify (验证) AI answers and express their own opinions.” says Professor Li fromHunan Education Institute. “Use AI to learn, not to replace (代替) your efforts. Always double-check the answers and think independently.”
1．What can DeepSeek do according to Paragraph 1
A．Check homework answers. B．Explain math problems. C．Help with students’ studies.
2．Why did Tom’s teacher became angry
A．Tom used DeepSeek to write the essay without thinking.
B．Tom’s handwriting was too messy.
C．The essay was too short.
3．What does the word “confused” mean in Chinese
A．自信的 B．困惑的 C．激动的
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．AI tools like DeepSeek are perfect for students.
B．Students should use AI wisely and think on their own.
C．Teachers dislike AI tools in education.
（2025·湖南岳阳·一模）People throw rubbish on the beach and even into the ocean. The rubbish has become the “home” of hermit crabs (寄居蟹). Believe it or not, it is happening all over the world. Scientists have seen hermit crabs using bottle tops, and even broken glass bottles. Unlike other crabs, hermit crabs are born with soft bodies (壳) for protection.
Why do they choose a “rubbish shell” Hermit crabs find shells by a smell that other crabs leave when they die. Ocean plastic has a similar smell. What’s more, there is too much rubbish in the ocean. More than 8 million tons of plastic enter the oceans each year. In other words, we’re throwing a rubbish truck of plastic into the ocean every minute. Also the hermit crabs first look at the shells’ type, size, and color. Then, they give up their old shells and find bigger ones to live in.
However, “rubbish shells” can bring danger to hermit crabs. Different from natural shells, plastic waste is often brighter in color. It might stand out against the background (捕食者) can find hermit crabs more easily. The crabs could also get stuck and die when they go into plastic bottles. When they get inside of old tires (轮胎), they may find it difficult to get out.
1．According to Paragraph 1, what has become a problem
A．There are more hermit crabs than ever.
B．Scientists have a problem finding hermit crabs.
C．Hermit crabs are using rubbish as homes.
2．What are the reasons for hermit crabs choosing rubbish shells
①The smell of ocean plastic catches their attention.
②There is too much rubbish in the ocean.
③Plastic waste is often bright in color.
④Plastic rubbish is lighter than natural shells.
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Why rubbish shells are not safe homes for hermit crabs.
B．Why it is difficult for hermit crabs to find natural shells.
C．Why hermit crabs like to use rubbish shells.
4．In which part of the newspaper can we read this passage
A．Health. B．Nature. C．History.
（2025·湖南娄底·一模）The UNESCO added “Spring Festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of the traditional New Year” to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录) on December 4, 2024.
The Spring Festival, also called Chinese New Year, is one of the most important festival practiced in China and around the world. During this festival, people wish for good things to happen in the future and for everyone to be happy and healthy.
Celebrations for the Spring Festival last for 15 days, ending with the Lantern Festival, to give full play to family gatherings and different cultural activities. Many of these celebrations and events that have been passed down from generation (代；辈) to generation are practiced in China, Asia and around the world. They include paper-cuttings, the dragon dance and lantern festival events, together forming the happiest days for those who celebrate this event.
On the second day of the Spring Festival, people usually go to visit temples (寺庙) to pray (祈祷) for good luck and celebrate the new year. There are many activities at the temple fairs, like traditional shows, folk art, and selling local handicrafts (手工艺品) and foods.
The Lantern Festival, traditionally held on the 15th day of the Spring Festival, marks (标志) the end of Chinese New Year celebrations. During this festival, lively lanterns of all shapes and sizes are shown. People gather in public spaces to admire the lanterns, solve riddles (谜语) written on them, and enjoy performances like dragon dances. Many Lantern Festival events, including the famous Zigong lantern show in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, have been listed as National Intangible Cultural Heritage items.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1．How long do the celebrations for the Spring Festival last (持续)
A．7 days. B．10 days. C．15 days.
2．What do people usually do on the second day of the Spring Festival
A．Have a big family feast. B．Visit temples. C．Watch the Lantern Festival show.
3．What is special about the Lantern Festival
A．It’s the first day of the Spring Festival.
B．It marks the end of Chinese New Year celebrations.
C．There are no traditional performances during it.
4．When was the Spring Festival added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
A．On December 4, 2024. B．On January 1, 2024. C．On January 1, 2025.
（2025·湖南郴州·一模）The UNESCO added “Spring Festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of the traditional New Year” to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录) on December 4, 2024.
The Spring Festival, also called Chinese New Year, is one of the most important festivals in China and around the world. During this festival, people wish for good things to happen in the future and for everyone to be happy and healthy. Celebrations for the Spring Festival last for 15 days, ending with the Lantern Festival, to give full play to family gatherings, meals, and different cultural activities. Many of these celebrations and events that have been passed down from generation (一代人) to generation are practiced in China, Asia and around the world. They include paper-cuttings, the dragon dance and temple fairs.
The Lantern Festival, traditionally held on the 15th day of the Spring Festival, marks the end of Chinese New Year celebrations. During this festival, lively lanterns of all shapes and sizes are shown. People gather in public places to admire the lanterns, solve riddles (谜语) written on them, and enjoy performances like dragon dances.
The Spring Festival is not only a Chinese treasure, but also a global (全球的) symbol of love, family, and cultural heritage.
1．When was the Spring Festival added to Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
A．On January 1st, 2024. B．On December 4th, 2024. C．On December 15th, 2024.
2．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．A short introduction to the Spring Festival.
B．Some important traditional festivals in China.
C．The importance of family reunions during the Spring Festival.
3．What activity is mentioned during the Lantern Festival in the passage
A．Solving riddles on lanterns. B．Eating dumplings. C．Shopping.
4．What can we know from the passage
A．The Spring Festival is only celebrated in China.
B．The Lantern Festival is the beginning of the Spring Festival.
C．The customs of the Spring Festival have spread around the world.阅读理解之说明文15篇
(湖南中考真题+中考模拟)
湖南中考真题练
（2024·湖南·中考真题）Would you be able to sleep with one eye open Bottlenose dolphins (宽吻海豚) can. When they sleep, only half of their brain goes to sleep. They sleep with one eye open to stay safe. Half of their brain sleeps for about two hours before the other half of their brain gets a chance to sleep. Sometimes, the dolphins will keep swimming while they are sleeping.
Dolphins are not fish—they are mammals (哺乳动物). These mammals have lungs (肺). And they don’t have gills (腮) like fish. They are also warm-blooded and have to go to the surface of the water to get air into their lungs. Dolphins don’t lay eggs. Their young are born alive, and they drink milk from their mothers. Dolphins are one of the smartest animals in the world. There are many stories about how they save people out of water. They are able to solve many problems like humans. They can even use tools to catch fish. But their cleverness doesn’t end there.
Dolphins can also pass on anything they learn to other dolphins, like interesting fishing skills. They communicate with each other in many ways. They use different sounds to talk to each other. Dolphins know the “voices” of other dolphins and even know exactly who is making which sound. Another thing that shows their cleverness is that they can also know themselves in a mirror (镜子) and check different parts of their body in it.
1．Why do bottlenose dolphins sleep with one eye open
A．To stay safe.
B．To sleep for two hours.
C．To swim faster.
2．What can we learn about dolphins from paragraph 2
A．They use gills to get air.
B．They are warm-blooded.
C．They lay eggs like fish.
3．How do dolphins talk to each other
A．By learning fishing skills.
B．By using different sounds.
C．By checking their bodies.
4．Which part of a magazine may the passage be taken from
A．Art. B．Health. C．Nature.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了海豚的三个特点。
1．细节理解题。根据“They sleep with one eye open to stay safe.”可知，海豚睡觉时睁着一只眼睛是为了保证安全。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“They are also warm-blooded and have to go to the surface of the water to get air into their lungs.”可知，海豚是温血动物。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“They use different sounds to talk to each other.”可知，海豚通过使用不同的声音互相交谈。故选B。
4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了海豚的三个特点，故推测这篇文章可能选自杂志的自然界版块。故选C。
（2024·湖南·中考真题）Headphones are helpful. Many kids use them. But headphones can be harmful, too. They can cause hearing loss if the volume (音量) is too loud. Studies show that one out of every ten kids in the United States has some hearing loss. The cause is loud noise.
Do you know how we hear There are cells (细胞) inside the ears that help us hear. We can’t see them with our eyes. “We call them hair cells,” Jackie Clark said. “They look like hairs standing up.” Clark is a scientist at the University of Texas. She studies noises and ears. Sound cannot be seen, but it can make the hair cells move back and forward. Think of the wind in the leaves.
Loud noises can damage (损伤) these cells. And once the cells are damaged, they don’t grow back. Sometimes there’s tinnitus. “It’s like someone is playing a note on the flute (长笛) for a long time,” Clark says. It shows we’re losing hearing. Tinnitus is not only harmful to our ears, also it can make us feel uneasy. That’s why it’s necessary to protect our ears.
How can we protect our ears We’d better keep the volume low when we use our headphones. We should be able to hear sounds around us. And other people shouldn’t hear noise from our headphones. “If I can hear what you’re listening to when you’re wearing your headphones,” Clark says, “it’s too loud.” To protect our ears, keep our headphones at about half volume.
1．What can we know about hair cells
A．They help us hear.
B．They look like hairs lying down.
C．They can be seen clearly with our eyes.
2．What does the underlined word “tinnitus” mean in Paragraph 3
A．A musical voice.
B．A kind of instrument.
C．Ringing in ears.
3．What’s the main purpose of the last paragraph
A．To give advice.
B．To show problems.
C．To explain reasons.
4．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Before listening to music, choose a good headphone.
B．When using a headphone, keep the volume low.
C．After using a headphone, check your ears.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了耳机很有用，但是它也会导致听力丧失，所以文章建议我们要合理使用耳机。
1．细节理解题。根据“There are cells (细胞) inside the ears that help us hear. We can’t see them with our eyes. ‘We call them hair cells,’ Jackie Clark said.”可知，毛细胞帮助我们听到声音。故选A。
2．词义猜测题。根据“‘It’s like someone is playing a note on the flute (长笛) for a long time,’ Clark says.”可知，这就像有人在笛子上很长时间吹一个音符，即耳朵有时有耳鸣现象。故推测划线单词应该是“耳鸣”的意思。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据“How can we protect our ears We’d better keep the value volume low when we use our headphones.”可知，此段主要给出了使用耳机的建议。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据“How can we protect our ears We’d better keep the value volume low when we use our headphones.”可知，本文主要讲了为了保护我们的耳朵，使用耳机时最好把音量调小。故选B。
湖南中考模拟真题练
（2025·湖南郴州·一模）“Ne Zha 2” is an exciting animated (动画的) movie that continues the story of the brave young hero, Ne Zha. In the first movie, Ne Zha was born with special powers, but people were afraid of him because they thought he was a demon (恶魔) . However, NeZha didn’t give up. He fought against evil (邪恶) and proved that he could be a hero with his courage and determination (决心).
In “NeZha 2”, NeZha faces new challenges and meets new friends. Together, they go on an exciting adventure, solving problems and facing dangers. The movie has beautiful animations (动画) with bright colors and lively characters. The action scenes are thrilling, and the story is full of surprises.
One of the important messages in the movie is that anyone can be a hero if they believe in themselves. Ne Zha learns to control his powers and make the right choices. He also discovers that true strength comes from the heart. The movie teaches us about friendship, bravery, and never giving up. It is a great movie for both children and adults, and it reminds us that we can all overcome our challenges and become the best version of ourselves.
1．What was the problem with Ne Zha in the first movie
A．He didn’t have any powers.
B．He didn’t want to be a hero.
C．People were afraid of him because they though the was a demon.
2．What does the underlined word “thrilling” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Boring. B．Exciting. C．Terrible.
3．Who is the movie suitable (适合的) for
A．Only children. B．Only adults. C．Children and adults.
4．What does the movie “Ne Zha 2” mainly teach us
A．We should always avoid challenges.
B．It’s OK to give up when things get difficult.
C．It teaches us about friendship, bravery, and the spirit of never giving up.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C
【导语】本文介绍了动画电影《哪吒2》的故事情节和主题。电影讲述了哪吒在面对新的挑战时，展现出勇气和决心，最终成为英雄的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据文中“In the first movie, Ne Zha was born with special powers, but people were afraid of him because they thought he was a demon (恶魔) .”可知，第一部《哪吒》中，哪吒的问题在于人们认为他是恶魔，因此害怕他。故选C。
2．词句猜测题。根据文中“The movie has beautiful animations (动画) with bright colors and lively characters. The action scenes are thrilling, and the story is full of surprises.”可知，电影中动作场面惊险刺激，故事充满惊喜，所以“thrilling”一词用来形容动作场面，结合上下文可以推测其意为“激动人心的”。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据文中“It is a great movie for both children and adults”可知，这部电影适合儿童和成年人观看。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据文中“The movie teaches us about friendship, bravery, and never giving up.”可知，电影主要传递了友谊、勇敢和永不放弃的精神。故选C。
（2025·湖南·模拟预测）Paper Cheques (支票) vs. Electronic Payments
In our modern world, where everything is digital (数字化), you might think that paper cheques are no longer used in business. However, they’re still around! In the US, a lot of businesses still use them. About one-third of all business payments are made with paper cheques, and 81% of companies still use them for some bills.
It’s a fact that electronic payments are quicker to make, easier to manage and record. They save more paper and are better for the environment. They are also much safer. Most importantly, they can be made and dealt with anywhere. Many companies prefer them and some even require customers to use them. For example, Microsoft won’t accept paper cheques from its partners anymore.
But to be honest, I will miss paper cheques. I like the habit of writing cheques every two weeks. The best part is signing them. That shows my power (权力). Some customers like signing cheques because it makes them feel powerful. Paper cheques are not just payment methods but also a way for companies to show their logos (标志). And they can make them look strong and have some belief.
Clearly, electronic payments are getting more popular, but paper cheques aren’t as common as before. Most people using paper ones are over 50. Younger people hardly use them. However, many US businesses still use paper cheques now. Maybe we should enjoy using paper ones while we can, because electronic ones are becoming the main choice.
1．What percentage (百分比) of companies in the US still use paper cheques
A．33%. B．81%. C．91%.
2．What’s the advantage of electronic payments
A．Helping people save money.
B．Cutting down on the workforce.
C．Being better for the environment.
3．What is probably the writer
A．A business owner. B．A computer engineer. C．A factory worker.
4．What do we know about paper cheques from the last paragraph
A．They are still widely used as before.
B．They will completely disappear in the future.
C．They aren’t the main means of payment any more.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纸质支票和电子支付的使用情况及各自特点。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“About one-third of all business payments are made with paper cheques, and 81% of companies still use them for some bills.”可知，美国81%的公司仍在使用纸质支票，故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“They save more paper and are better for the environment.”可知，电子支付的优点是对环境更有益，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“I like the habit of writing cheques every two weeks. ... because it makes them feel powerful.”以及文章整体内容关于商业支付方式，可推测作者可能是一位企业家，故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Clearly, electronic payments are getting more popular, but paper cheques aren’t as common as before. ...because electronic ones are becoming the main choice.”可知，纸质支票不像以前那么常见了，电子支付正变得更受欢迎且成为主要选择，所以纸质支票不再是主要的支付方式了，故选C。
（2025·湖南娄底·二模）Man and nature have always had a deep, close relationship. On the one hand, since the beginning of time, humans have depended on nature for their survival (生存). On the other hand, humans can also make a big influence on the natural world.
Over a long period, the relationship between man and nature has been tense (令人紧张的). Humans have done great harm to the environment. Pollution, overfishing, and deforestation (滥伐森林) are just a few of the problems that have appeared as a result of human activity. Nature is crying out loud.
More and more cities and people have heard the cries and taken actions. Yancheng, a city in Jiangsu, built a large nature reserve (保护区) and provided the red-crowned cranes (丹顶鹤) with a good home. Wang Jiangang, a man in his sixties, led a team to plant trees in the Gobi Desert. He has done that for about eight years, with the goal of creating a forest there.
When we take good care of nature, nature rewards us greatly. There are bluer skies, greener mountains, cleaner air, nicer food, and friendlier animals. Nature not only keeps us alive but also provides us with a happy life.
Now, you see why it is important for us to live in harmony (和谐) with nature.More importantly, we need to keep in mind that humans are not above nature; we are part of it.
1．Why has the relationship between man and nature been tense
A．Humans have heard the cries of nature.
B．Humans have done great harm to the environment.
C．Humans have depended on nature for their survival.
2．Wang Jiangang’s team plant trees in the Gobi Desert to ________.
A．create a forest in the desert
B．build a large nature reserve there
C．provide a home for the red-crown cranes
3．The underlined word “rewards” in Paragraph 4 means ________ in Chinese.
A．奖赏 B．酬谢 C．回报
4．Where does the text probably come from
A．A travel magazine. B．A nature magazine. C．A sports magazine.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文通过描述人与自然的关系，告诉我们要采取措施保护环境，与自然和谐相处。
1．细节理解题。根据“Humans have done great harm to the environment. Pollution, overfishing, and deforestation are just a few of the problems that have appeared as a result of human activity.”可知，人类对环境造成了很大的危害，包括污染、过度捕捞、滥伐森林等，因此人类与自然关系紧张。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“Wang Jiangang, a man in his sixties, led a team to plant trees in the Gobi Desert. He has done that for about eight years, with the goal of creating a forest there.”可知，他们目的是创造一片森林。故选A。
3．词句猜测题。根据“When we take good care of nature, nature rewards us greatly. There are bluer skies, greener mountains, cleaner air, nicer food, and friendlier animals. Nature not only keeps us alive but also provides us with a happy life.”可知，当人类保护自然时，自然以蓝天、青山、清洁空气等作为回报，因此rewards意为“回报”。故选C。
4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文围绕人类与自然的互动及环保主题展开，最可能来自自然杂志。故选B。
（2025·湖南永州·一模）Nowadays in many Chinese cities, schools have made class breaks longer. They used to be 10 minutes, but now they are 15 minutes. This change is to help students and teachers go outside and play more.
Before, the short breaks didn’t give students much time to play outside, especially if they were in big buildings with many floors. Sometimes, schools didn’t let students leave their rooms during breaks because they were worried about safety.
Now, with longer class breaks, schools want to make sure students can play and exercise for at least 30 minutes every day. Cities like Beijing, Tianjin, and Qingdao have started doing this. In Beijing, they made the breaks longer by taking time from the longer breaks in the middle of the day. This didn’t change when students start and finish school.
In Wu xi, a city in Jiangsu Province, schools have 15-minute breaks and make sure students have one gym class each day. In order to help students play outside and talk with their friends, schools ask students to exercise for at least 100 minutes every day. The people in charge of schools there said they want to give the break time back to the students.
In Qingdao, a school started playing different games outside, like jump rope and hula hoop (呼啦圈), and also had puzzles to play inside during the longer breaks. They organize the students by the floor they are on so everyone can play outside. A check in May showed that more students in Qingdao are getting good scores on their health tests.
1．In which places have students started having class breaks for at least 30 minutes at school
A．Beijing and Qingdao. B．Tianjin and Wu xi. C．Wu xi and Qingdao.
2．How long are the class breaks in the schools in Wu xi, Jiangsu Province
A．10 minutes. B．15 minutes. C．30 minutes.
3．Which is not the reason about schools these days have made class breaks longer in China
A．To make students go outside and play more.
B．To make students become healthier.
C．To make students study harder.
4．What is the article mainly about
A．The short class breaks make students feel tired.
B．Chinese schools make class breaks longer.
C．Chinese students have more after-school activities.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国学校延长课间休息时间的现象及其目的。
1．细节理解题。根据“Now, with longer class breaks, schools want to make sure students can play and exercise for at least 30 minutes every day. Cities like Beijing, Tianjin, and Qingdao have started doing this.”可知，北京、天津以及青岛这三个城市的学生每天至少有30分钟的活动时间。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“In Wu xi, a city in Jiangsu Province, schools have 15-minute breaks and make sure students have one gym class each day.”可知，无锡的学生有15分钟的休息时间。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“This change is to help students and teachers go outside and play more.”以及“A check in May showed that more students in Qingdao are getting good scores on their health tests.”可知，延长休息时间是为了让学生多活动，让他们更健康，文中没有提到让学生们更努力学习。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据“Nowadays in many Chinese cities, schools have made class breaks longer.”可知，本文主要介绍了国内的很多地方延长了学生们的课间休息时间。故选B。
（2025·湖南永州·一模）。
Everyone loves receiving gifts, and across cultures, presents are a way to show care and love. However, traditions are not the same in every country.
As a European living in China, I’ve seen some interesting differences. For example, while fruit and milk are common gifts here, in my culture, they might be a better choice when you are visiting someone in the hospital.
When you get invited to a dinner party in Europe, a bottle of fine wine is also a good gift. Still, it’s best to check if your hosts drink alcohol (酒).
Many Europeans will usually open their presents right away, except in places like Germany. It’s also important to take off the price tag (标签).
What if you don’t like your gift In Spain, you still need to say you love the gift to avoid hurting the other person’s feelings. But if they remember to leave the receipt inside the gift, which is a very common practice in Spain, you can just exchange it for something else.
Re-gifting (礼物转送) is another good idea, as long as the present looks new. Jennifer Molski from Chicago, America has turned re-gifting into a nice project, collecting gifts people didn’t want for those in need, CBS News reported.
How the present looks is also important. However, by using wrapping paper (包装纸) for every present we buy, we produce a lot of waste. Germans value high-quality wrapping paper, but many are now choosing newspapers or maps to help the environment.
Finally, remember: It’s the thought that counts, not the size or the cost of the gift.
1．Which of the following is not true about Europeans’ gift rules
A．Fruit and milk might be a better choice when Europeans are visiting someone in the hospital.
B．A bottle of fine wine is also a good gift When you get invited to a dinner party in Europe.
C．Many Europeans such as Germans will usually open their presents right away.
2．What does the underlined word “receipt” mean in Chinese in Paragraph 5
A．收据 B．钱包 C．购物卡
3．What is the main purpose of the writer in Paragraph 7
A．Re-gifting is another good idea.
B．Wrapping paper for every present we buy tries to help the environment.
C．The present looks beautiful is very important.
4．What’s the best title for this article
A．Everyone Loves Receiving Gifts
B．Europeans Have Many Rules about Gifts
C．Different Places Might Have Different Rules about Gifts
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文讲述了不同文化在送礼方面的差异。
1．细节理解题。根据“Many Europeans will usually open their presents right away, except in places like Germany”可知，德国人并不会“马上”拆礼物，选项C中却说“包括德国人在内的许多欧洲人会马上拆礼物”，与原文不符，故选C。
2．词句猜测题。根据“But if they remember to leave the receipt inside the gift, which is a very common practice in Spain, you can just exchange it for something else.”可知，可以把它换成别的东西。因此“receipt”在文中表示若不喜欢收到的礼物，可以凭它去退换，因此划线词是“收据”。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据“However, by using wrapping paper (包装纸) for every present we buy, we produce a lot of waste. Germans value high-quality wrapping paper, but many are now choosing newspapers or maps to help the environment.”可知，第七段主要强调过度使用包装纸会造成浪费，许多德国人开始用报纸或地图等更环保的材料来包装礼物，目的是保护环境，故选B。
4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章提到不同文化在送礼方面的差异，后文也列举欧洲不同国家各自不同的送礼习惯，选项C“不同地方有不同的送礼规则”适合作为文章标题，故选C。
（2025·湖南湘潭·一模）Are you busy with housework, such as cleaning tables or doing dishes Do your grandparents have trouble carrying heavy things Have you noticed the rubbish covering the lake surface Now robots are coming to change. The robot Mobile Aloha invented by scientists at Stanford University in the US became popular online. Aloha can prepare dishes on its own, from cutting vegetables to cooking food. It’s also good at watering plants, petting cats, cleaning the floor and washing clothes. It even knows to put away the clothes and quilts. However, it can’t work well without a human “teaching” it. When the situation changes, it may break dishes, fall over things and even burn a pot.
The stair-climbing robot, made by a 16-year-old student Zhou Yihan helps the elderly when shopping. “I found many elderly prefer shopping in the supermarkets, but carrying heavy things like rice and oil can be difficult for them.” Zhou said. He spent half a year making his robot, carefully programming its every function. Zhou’s creation has unique changeable wheels. When traveling on flat ground, the robot uses circular wheels and achieves turning by changing its speed. However, when climbing stairs or traveling through hard areas, the robot changes to triangular wheels.
The Vision-based Water Surface Cleaning Robot helps to clean up the pond filled with smelly rubbish. The robot moves like a boat and can be controlled far away from the bank. To collect garbage, the robot has two plates as “hands”. Then the rubbish is sent to a basket after pared to other water surface cleaning robots, it is small, light and eco-friendly. “It has a solar panel (太阳能板) set on top.”
Bionic (仿生的) human-like robots has attracted great attention recently. The US company Apptronik created a human-like robot Apollo. The robot can make movements like walking, waving and dancing. The robot’s head has cameras and sensors inside. They can help it map out a 360-degree view of its environment. They also help the robot keep balance when walking.
1．According to the passage, _________ can help sweep the floor and water plants.
A．Mobile Aloha B．Apollo C．the stair-climbing robot
2．How long did Zhou Yihan spend creating the stair-climbing robot
A．Two months. B．Six months. C．Twelve months.
3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to
A．The camera. B．The sensor. C．The robot.
4．What may be the best title for the passage
A．Technology Influencing the World.
B．New Robots Changing Our Life.
C．Robots for the Elderly and Environment.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了四种不同类型的机器人及其功能。
1．细节理解题。根据“Aloha…It’s also good at watering plants, petting cats, cleaning the floor and washing clothes.”可知，Mobile Aloha可以帮助扫地、浇花。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“He spent half a year making his robot, carefully programming its every function.”可知，他花了六个月时间制作爬楼梯机器人。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据“The robot’s head has cameras and sensors inside. They can help it map out a 360-degree view of its environment.”可知，机器人的头部有摄像头和传感器，它们可以帮助机器人绘制出周围环境的360度视图，所以划线部分指代的是上文中的“The robot”。故选C。
4．最佳标题题。根据“Now robots are coming to change.”并通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了四种不同类型的机器人及其功能，这些机器人正在改变我们的生活。故选B。
（2025·湖南岳阳·一模）Koalas might look like cute teddy bears, but they are actually marsupials (有袋动物) like kangaroos. These gray furry animals spend 18-20 hours a day sleeping in eucalyptus trees (桉树). Their strong claws help them hold onto branches tightly, even while sleeping.
Koalas eat only eucalyptus leaves. An adult koala needs about 500 grams of leaves daily. Surprisingly, these leaves are poisonous to most animals! Koalas have special stomachs to digest them safely. Baby koalas, called joeys stay in their mother’s pouch (育儿袋) for six months. After that, they ride on their mother’s back for another six months.
Koalas face many challenges. Forest fires and habitat loss make it hard for them to survive. Also, koalas seldom drink water—they get most moisture from leaves. Scientists call them “climate refugees” because they struggle to adapt to hotter weather.
1．What do koalas mainly eat
A．Bamboo leaves. B．Eucalyptus leaves. C．Fresh fruits.
2．The underlined word “moisture” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.
A．water B．food C．energy
3．How do baby koalas stay safe
A．By hiding in tree holes.B．By staying in mother’s pouch. C．By eating special leaves.
4．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To warn about forest fires.
B．To describe koalas’ unique lifestyle.
C．To encourage people to adopt koalas.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了考拉这种动物，介绍了它们的生活习性以及面对的挑战等。
1．细节理解题。根据“Koalas eat only eucalyptus leaves.”可知，考拉只吃桉树叶。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据“Also, koalas seldom drink water—they get most moisture from leaves.”可知，考拉很少喝水，因此应该是从桉树叶中获取大部分水分。moisture表示“水”。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“Baby koalas, called joeys stay in their mother’s pouch (育儿袋) for six months.”可知，小考拉在妈妈的育儿袋里待六个月。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了考拉这种动物，介绍了它们的生活习性以及面对的挑战等。故选B。
（24-25九年级下·湖南衡阳·阶段练习）Many of us don’t care about the importance of eye care. It is said that if you take care of your body, then you can surely be healthy. That is why we should give a lot of care to our eyes. Natural eye care should be put in a number one place.
There are several causes leading to poor eyesight, like not enough food, genes (基因) and aging (老化). Television, computers and reading are also the causes of having poor eyesight. If you have to work in front of the computer, it is best to take a rest every once in a while. Something dirty can cause redness and they will make you feel uncomfortable. It is bad for your eyes, too. If this happens, the best way is to clean your eyes by using cold water. You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things. For example, sunglasses can not only make you look cool but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays (紫外线).
Eating healthy foods will do good to your eyesight. Remember that vitamin A, C and E are good for your eyes. Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins. And you should do eye exercises because exercise protects your eyesight, too. If a person often exercises and eats the right kind of food, his eyes will stay in good health for a long time.
All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep eyes healthy. Being happy all the time can be beneficial to a person’s eyesight, too. In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is.
1．What is the most important way to protect our eyes
A．Natural eye care. B．Taking medicine. C．Seeing the doctor.
2．What should you do if you have to work in front of the computer
A．Eat healthy food. B．Clean the eyes by using cold water. C．Have a rest after working for a while.
3．What does the underlined word “beneficial” probably mean
A．Impossible. B．Helpful. C．Lucky.
4．Which is the best title of the passage
A．Ways of Eye Care B．Ways of Eye Exercises C．Ways of Being Happy
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了保护眼睛的重要性，并提供了自然的眼睛护理方法。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Natural eye care should be put in a number one place.”可知，自然的眼睛护理方法是最重要的，故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“If you have to work in front of the computer, it is best to take a rest every once in a while.”可知，如果必须工作在电脑前，最好每隔一段时间休息一会，故选C。
3．词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep eyes healthy.”可知，此处应是说一直开心对一个人的眼睛也有帮助，可推测出“beneficial”意为“有益的”，与“helpful”意思相近。故选B。
4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了保护眼睛的重要性和自然的眼睛护理方法，A选项“眼部护理方法”为最佳标题。故选A。
（24-25九年级下·湖南常德·阶段练习）To understand why the Earth is warming up, first of all, we need to understand why it is warm. Our planet is covered with atmosphere (大气). Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and reaches the Earth. The Sun heats up the Earth’s surface. When the heat rises into the air, it is stopped by some special gases (气体) in the atmosphere like CO2, the heat returns to the Earth and keeps it warm.
Power stations and cars release (释放) so many greenhouse gases every day. So we can help stop global (全球) warming by using less electric things such as turning off lights when we leave a room, asking our parents to turn down the heating in our house to save energy. We can also stop global warming by finding other ways of transportation. For example, ride a bicycle or walk instead of going by car. Another way to help stop global warming is to plant and care for trees. Because trees take in CO2, they are our best friends when fighting against global warming.
The problem of global warming cannot be solved in a day. It may take a long time to find clean energy, such as wind energy. It may take a long time to plant the trees again we are cutting down. But every little thing each person can do to save energy and our forests will help. Think about our planet. Think about ways we can help make the Earth a safe and comfortable place for the future.
1．The underlined word “it” means _________ in the first paragraph.
A．the Earth B．the heat C．the sunlight
2．_________ ways are mentioned to stop global warming to the second paragraph.
A．Two B．Three C．Four
3．Which of the following is NOT true
A．Everybody can help save energy and our forests.
B．The problem of global warming can not be solved.
C．To find clean energy will help solve the problem of global warming.
4．Which is the best title of this passage
A．Why is the Earth warming up
B．When can we stop the Earth from warming up
C．How can we stop the Earth getting warmer
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文探讨了地球变暖的原因，并提出了一些缓解全球变暖的措施。
1．词句猜测题。根据“When the heat rises into the air, it is stopped by some special gases (气体) in the atmosphere like CO2, the heat returns to the Earth and keeps it warm.”可知，句子描述了热量被大气中的气体阻挡后返回地球，使地球保持温暖，因此“it”指地球。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据“So we can help stop global (全球) warming by using less electric things such as turning off lights when we leave a room, asking our parents to turn down the heating in our house to save energy.”；“We can also stop global warming by finding other ways of transportation.”以及“Another way to help stop global warming is to plant and care for trees.”可知，第二段提到三种方法：①减少用电（如关灯、调低暖气）；②改用其他交通方式（骑自行车或步行）；③植树。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“The problem of global warming cannot be solved in a day”以及“But every little thing each person can do to save energy and our forests will help.”可知，原文最后一段指出全球变暖问题“无法在一天内解决”，但未断言“完全无法解决”。选项B的表述绝对化，与原文不符，故错误。故选B。
4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章重点讨论全球变暖的原因及具体应对措施。选项C“如何阻止地球变暖”最全面涵盖文章内容，是最佳标题。故选C。
（2025·湖南岳阳·一模）AI Helper in Daily Study
Nowadays, many students use AI tools like DeepSeek to help with their studies. For example, it can check homework answers, explain math problems, even help write essays (短文) and so on. Lately, Lily, a ninth-grade student, used DeepSeek to review math questions. “It analyzes (分析) things clearly, like a patient teacher,” she said.
However, some students rely too much on AI. Tom, a middle-school student, once copied an essay directly from DeepSeek without thinking. The essay used complex sentences, which was very different from Tom’s usual simple writing style. When his teacher read it, she noticed some mistakes. So she became angry and said to Tom, “AI is useful, but you need to use your own brain!” Also, when solving a difficult math problem one day, DeepSeek gave two different answers. Tom felt confused until his teacher helped him explain the steps. What’s more, when students use AI to write, they often miss the chance to improve their creativity.
“Students must verify (验证) AI answers and express their own opinions.” says Professor Li fromHunan Education Institute. “Use AI to learn, not to replace (代替) your efforts. Always double-check the answers and think independently.”
1．What can DeepSeek do according to Paragraph 1
A．Check homework answers. B．Explain math problems. C．Help with students’ studies.
2．Why did Tom’s teacher became angry
A．Tom used DeepSeek to write the essay without thinking.
B．Tom’s handwriting was too messy.
C．The essay was too short.
3．What does the word “confused” mean in Chinese
A．自信的 B．困惑的 C．激动的
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．AI tools like DeepSeek are perfect for students.
B．Students should use AI wisely and think on their own.
C．Teachers dislike AI tools in education.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了如今许多学生使用人工智能工具来帮助他们的学习，但是人工智能并不完美，学生应该明智地使用人工智能，并独立思考。
1．细节理解题。根据“Nowadays, many students use AI tools like DeepSeek to help with their studies.”可知，DeepSeek能帮助学生学习。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Tom, a middle-school student, once copied an essay directly from DeepSeek without thinking.”以及“AI is useful, but you need to use your own brain!”可知，Tom的老师生气是因为汤姆用DeepSeek不假思索地写了这篇文章。故选A。
3．词句猜测题。根据“Tom felt confused until his teacher helped him explain the steps.”可知，汤姆感到很……，直到老师帮他解释步骤，因此可推测在讲解步骤前是困惑的。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了如今许多学生使用人工智能工具来帮助他们的学习，但是人工智能并不完美，学生应该明智地使用人工智能，并独立思考。故选B。
（2025·湖南岳阳·一模）People throw rubbish on the beach and even into the ocean. The rubbish has become the “home” of hermit crabs (寄居蟹). Believe it or not, it is happening all over the world. Scientists have seen hermit crabs using bottle tops, and even broken glass bottles. Unlike other crabs, hermit crabs are born with soft bodies (壳) for protection.
Why do they choose a “rubbish shell” Hermit crabs find shells by a smell that other crabs leave when they die. Ocean plastic has a similar smell. What’s more, there is too much rubbish in the ocean. More than 8 million tons of plastic enter the oceans each year. In other words, we’re throwing a rubbish truck of plastic into the ocean every minute. Also the hermit crabs first look at the shells’ type, size, and color. Then, they give up their old shells and find bigger ones to live in.
However, “rubbish shells” can bring danger to hermit crabs. Different from natural shells, plastic waste is often brighter in color. It might stand out against the background (捕食者) can find hermit crabs more easily. The crabs could also get stuck and die when they go into plastic bottles. When they get inside of old tires (轮胎), they may find it difficult to get out.
1．According to Paragraph 1, what has become a problem
A．There are more hermit crabs than ever.
B．Scientists have a problem finding hermit crabs.
C．Hermit crabs are using rubbish as homes.
2．What are the reasons for hermit crabs choosing rubbish shells
①The smell of ocean plastic catches their attention.
②There is too much rubbish in the ocean.
③Plastic waste is often bright in color.
④Plastic rubbish is lighter than natural shells.
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④
3．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Why rubbish shells are not safe homes for hermit crabs.
B．Why it is difficult for hermit crabs to find natural shells.
C．Why hermit crabs like to use rubbish shells.
4．In which part of the newspaper can we read this passage
A．Health. B．Nature. C．History.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了寄居蟹喜欢垃圾的原因以及它们喜欢垃圾的原因。
1．细节理解题。根据“The rubbish has become the ‘home’ of hermit crabs (寄居蟹).”可知，第一段提到的问题是寄居蟹以垃圾为家。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“Hermit crabs find shells by a smell that other crabs leave when they die. Ocean plastic has a similar smell.”可知，海洋塑料的气味引起了它们的注意；根据“What’s more, there is too much rubbish in the ocean.”可知，海洋里有太多的垃圾；根据“Different from natural shells, plastic waste is often brighter in color.”可知，“塑料颜色更亮”是第三段提到的危险，而非选择原因，因此①②④正确。故选C。
3．主旨大意题。根据“However, ‘rubbish shells’ can bring danger to hermit crabs.”可知，最后一段描述了为什么垃圾壳不是寄居蟹的安全家园。故选A。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，本文主要讲述了寄居蟹喜欢垃圾的原因以及它们喜欢垃圾的原因，所以应该在报纸的自然部分。故选B。
（2025·湖南娄底·一模）The UNESCO added “Spring Festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of the traditional New Year” to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录) on December 4, 2024.
The Spring Festival, also called Chinese New Year, is one of the most important festival practiced in China and around the world. During this festival, people wish for good things to happen in the future and for everyone to be happy and healthy.
Celebrations for the Spring Festival last for 15 days, ending with the Lantern Festival, to give full play to family gatherings and different cultural activities. Many of these celebrations and events that have been passed down from generation (代；辈) to generation are practiced in China, Asia and around the world. They include paper-cuttings, the dragon dance and lantern festival events, together forming the happiest days for those who celebrate this event.
On the second day of the Spring Festival, people usually go to visit temples (寺庙) to pray (祈祷) for good luck and celebrate the new year. There are many activities at the temple fairs, like traditional shows, folk art, and selling local handicrafts (手工艺品) and foods.
The Lantern Festival, traditionally held on the 15th day of the Spring Festival, marks (标志) the end of Chinese New Year celebrations. During this festival, lively lanterns of all shapes and sizes are shown. People gather in public spaces to admire the lanterns, solve riddles (谜语) written on them, and enjoy performances like dragon dances. Many Lantern Festival events, including the famous Zigong lantern show in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, have been listed as National Intangible Cultural Heritage items.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1．How long do the celebrations for the Spring Festival last (持续)
A．7 days. B．10 days. C．15 days.
2．What do people usually do on the second day of the Spring Festival
A．Have a big family feast. B．Visit temples. C．Watch the Lantern Festival show.
3．What is special about the Lantern Festival
A．It’s the first day of the Spring Festival.
B．It marks the end of Chinese New Year celebrations.
C．There are no traditional performances during it.
4．When was the Spring Festival added to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
A．On December 4, 2024. B．On January 1, 2024. C．On January 1, 2025.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了春节作为中国最重要的传统节日之一，被联合国教科文组织列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录，并详细介绍了春节的庆祝活动、习俗以及元宵节的特殊意义。
1．细节理解题。根据“Celebrations for the Spring Festival last for 15 days, ending with the Lantern Festival”可知，春节庆祝活动持续15天。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“On the second day of the Spring Festival, people usually go to visit temples to pray for good luck and celebrate the new year”可知，春节第二天人们通常会去寺庙祈福。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“The Lantern Festival, traditionally held on the 15th day of the Spring Festival, marks the end of Chinese New Year celebrations”可知，元宵节标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据“The UNESCO added ‘Spring Festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of the traditional New Year’ to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on December 4, 2024”可知，春节于2024年12月4日被列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。故选A。
（2025·湖南郴州·一模）The UNESCO added “Spring Festival, social practices of the Chinese people in celebration of the traditional New Year” to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录) on December 4, 2024.
The Spring Festival, also called Chinese New Year, is one of the most important festivals in China and around the world. During this festival, people wish for good things to happen in the future and for everyone to be happy and healthy. Celebrations for the Spring Festival last for 15 days, ending with the Lantern Festival, to give full play to family gatherings, meals, and different cultural activities. Many of these celebrations and events that have been passed down from generation (一代人) to generation are practiced in China, Asia and around the world. They include paper-cuttings, the dragon dance and temple fairs.
The Lantern Festival, traditionally held on the 15th day of the Spring Festival, marks the end of Chinese New Year celebrations. During this festival, lively lanterns of all shapes and sizes are shown. People gather in public places to admire the lanterns, solve riddles (谜语) written on them, and enjoy performances like dragon dances.
The Spring Festival is not only a Chinese treasure, but also a global (全球的) symbol of love, family, and cultural heritage.
1．When was the Spring Festival added to Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
A．On January 1st, 2024. B．On December 4th, 2024. C．On December 15th, 2024.
2．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．A short introduction to the Spring Festival.
B．Some important traditional festivals in China.
C．The importance of family reunions during the Spring Festival.
3．What activity is mentioned during the Lantern Festival in the passage
A．Solving riddles on lanterns. B．Eating dumplings. C．Shopping.
4．What can we know from the passage
A．The Spring Festival is only celebrated in China.
B．The Lantern Festival is the beginning of the Spring Festival.
C．The customs of the Spring Festival have spread around the world.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国春节被列入人类非物质文化遗产名录的背景及其文化意义，并介绍了春节的传统习俗和庆祝活动。
1．细节理解题。根据文中“The UNESCO added “Spring Festival...to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录) on December 4, 2024.”可知，春节被列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录的时间是2024年12月4日。故选B。
2．段落大意题。第二段主要介绍了春节的庆祝活动及其文化意义。根据文中“The Spring Festival, also called Chinese New Year, is one of the most important festivals in China and around the world...and different cultural activities.”可知，本段主要围绕春节的庆祝活动展开。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据文中“During this festival, lively lanterns of all shapes and sizes are shown. People gather in public places to admire the lanterns, solve riddles (谜语) written on them, and enjoy performances like dragon dances.”可知，元宵节期间的活动包括解灯谜。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据文中“The Spring Festival is not only a Chinese treasure, but also a global (全球的) symbol of love, family, and cultural heritage.”可知，春节的习俗已经传播到世界各地。故选C。
