(共26张PPT)
Period
UNIT 2 SPORTS AND FITNESS
主题语境
人与自我——将康的生活方式
Section Ⅳ
单元回顾 默写背诵
1．dragon n．龙
2．lunar adj．阴历的；月球的
3．barbecue n．烧烤野餐
4．sticky adj．黏性的，黏的
5．lantern n．灯笼，提灯
6．pudding n．布丁；甜食，甜点心
7．turkey n．火鸡
8．monster n．怪兽，怪物
9．snack n．(正餐以外的)小吃，点心
10．host n．主人；东道主；主持人
11．flight n．航班
12．wine n．葡萄酒
13．accent n．口音
14．hotpot n．火锅
15．firecracker n．鞭炮，爆竹
16．wedding n．婚礼
17．beer n．啤酒
18．studio n．录音室
19．neat adj．整洁的
20．suit n．套装
21．pole n．地极，北/南极
22．stuff vt．给……填馅；填，塞
23．lap n．大腿部
24．frosty adj．严寒的
25．eve n．前夕；前一天
26．plate n．盘；碟
27．ballet n．芭蕾舞剧，芭蕾舞表演
28．roll vt．使成筒形(球形) n．一卷；面包卷
29．swallow vi．& vt．吞下，咽下
30．awesome adj．令人赞叹的；很好的
31．downstairs adv．往楼下，在楼下
32．nowhere adv．哪里都不
33．album n．簿，册
34．uniform n．制服
35．cuisine n．烹饪
36．humbly adv．谦虚地
1．________ n．重要的社交活动；时刻，时候
2．______________ n．恭喜，祝贺
3．___________ adv．即刻，马上
4．_________ n．聚会
5．__________ n．装饰物
6．_______ n．描述，报道
7．_________ vi．& vt．总结，概括
8．______ vt．扫；打扫
occasion
congratulation
immediately
gathering
decoration
account
summarise
sweep
9．_________ n．字，字体；人物，角色
10．______ vt．贴；固定；附上
11．_________ adj．期待的，期望的
12．_______ adj．退休的
13．___ n．欢欣，愉快，喜悦
14．__________ prep．在整个期间，自始至终
15．________ adj．原先的，最早的，最初的
16．______ n．风俗，习惯；传统
17．________ n．青少年，十几岁的孩子
character
attach
expectant
retired
joy
throughout
original
custom
teenager
18．________ adj．具体的，特定的
19．______ n．努力；力气
20．______ vt．提供，给予，表示
21．_______ n．记忆，回忆
22．______ n．树枝
23．_______ vi．& vt．低声说，低语
specific
effort
extend
memory
branch
whisper
24．_____ adj．快乐的
25．_____ vi．& vt．挥手；招手
26．_____ n．事件；活动
27．____ vi．& vt．(使)平静，(使)镇定
28．__________ adv．完全地
merry
wave
event
calm
thoroughly
1．graduate n．毕业生 vi．毕业→__________ n．毕业
2．decorate vi．&vt．装饰，布置，美化→__________ n．装饰物
3．tradition n．传统→_________adj．传统的→____________ adv．
传统地
4．expect vt．预料，期待；期盼→_________ adj．期待的，期望的→___________ n．预料，预期；期待
5．scare vt．吓唬；使(某人)惊恐→_____ adj．可怕的，引起恐慌的→______ adj．害怕的；惊恐的
graduation
decoration
traditional
traditionally
expectant
expectation
scary
scared
6．surround vt．环绕，围绕→___________ adj．周围的→____________ n．环境，周围的环境
7．greet vt．问候，欢迎；打招呼→________ n．问候，打招呼
8．appropriate adj．合适的，适当的→____________ adv．合适地，适当地
9．slight adj．轻微的，略微的→________ adv．略微，稍微
10．patient adj．有耐心的；有耐力的→________ n．耐心；耐力
surrounding
surroundings
greeting
appropriately
slightly
patience
11．behave vi．表现；表现得体→_________ n．行为，举止
12．fortunate adj．幸运的→__________ adv．幸运地→___________ adj．不幸的→_____________ adv．不幸地
13．represent vt．代表；象征→______________ n．代表 adj．有代表性的
14．describe vt．描写；描述→___________ n．描写，描述
15．select vt．挑选，选拔→_________ n．挑选；选拔
behaviour
fortunately
unfortunate
unfortunately
representative
description
selection
1．______________ 结束；终止
2．_______ 在交战状态中
3．_______ 张贴
4．________ 使某物爆炸
5．___________ 扫除；清除
6．____________ 倒置地，颠倒地
7．_________ 照亮；(使)变得喜悦
8．______ 从事，忙于；多达；能胜任
come to an end
at war
put up
let off
sweep away
upside down
light up
up to
9．________________ 把……吓跑
10．__________________ 成千上万
11．________ 就……而言
12．___________ 普遍地
13．________________ 尽力
14．___________ 向前看；考虑未来
15．___________ 轮流
scare sb./sth.away
tens of thousands of
as far as
in general
make an effort
look ahead
take turns
16．____________ 在路上的；即将到来的
17．_____________ 吸引某人的目光；引起某人的注意
18．__________ 去世
19．__________ 不再
20．_______________ 再三地，重复地
21．__________ 冷静下来
on the way
catch sb.'s eye
pass away
no longer
over and over
calm down
1．My host mother Mrs Chen said this was to sweep away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year．
我的房东妈妈陈太太说这是清除过去一年的积尘，为新的一年做准备。
2．We then sat together to enjoy a big dinner，wishing everyone a happy new year．
然后，我们坐在一起享受一顿丰盛的晚餐，祝福大家新年快乐。
3．Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents－I know that I am heading home to my family．
每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。
4．We think about what the children would like to eat，what we need to buy and what dishes need to be prepared．
我们考虑孩子们喜欢吃什么，我们需要买什么，需要准备什么菜。
5．I remember the wind because Granny's grey hair was a mess when she arrived．
我记得那天的风，因为奶奶到达时她的灰头发乱作一团。
6．Maybe I was too young，maybe she hid it too well，or maybe I was just too excited that Christmas was on the way．
也许是我太年轻，也许是她隐藏得太好了，也许是我对即将到来的圣诞节感到太兴奋了。
7．Auntie Kath didn't think it was funny，but the rest of us did．
凯丝阿姨觉得这没什么好笑的，但我们都觉得好笑。
8．When I think about what makes Christmas so magical，it's not just gifts and Father Christmas that come to mind．
当我想到是什么让圣诞节如此神奇时，我想到的不只是礼物和圣诞老人。
9．Surprisingly，they were Grandpa's best friends from secondary school，all in their seventies．
令人惊讶的是，他们是爷爷中学时最好的朋友，都七十多岁了。
10．With each old photo，the guests saw how Grandpa grew from a handsome boy to a kind old gentleman．
通过每一张老照片，客人们看到了爷爷是如何从一个英俊的男孩成长为一位善良的老绅士的。
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack在社交媒体上看到了你参加运动会的照片，写信向你了解相关情况，请给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1．时间地点；
2．你的项目；
3．你的感受。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
[高分范文背诵]
Dear Jack，
How is everything going？Delighted to learn you are interested in the sports meeting held in my school，I'm writing to share with you some details．
Usually held in October annually on the school playground，it's a splendid platform for us to take an active part in sports and bring out the best in ourselves．This year I joined in the 1500-metre race，which was a great challenge for me．But with my adequate preparations and my classmates' encouragement，I got third prize finally，which made me convinced that nothing is impossible for a willing heart．
Would you please share your school life with me？Looking forward to your reply．
Yours，
Li Hua
[片段1]
She expressed her sadness for not having enough money to buy her sick mom a birthday cake．Hearing what had happened to the girl's mother，the old lady couldn't help hugging Janie，comforted her，and decided to do something for her．She reached into her pocket，pulled out some money，and handed it to Janie．Then she led the girl back to the cake store．
[片段2]
It was our time．We just relaxed and enjoyed the time out．We never went to any expensive place，but my kids enjoyed the days with me．One day，one of my kids asked me who sent such a new beautiful mom to her．I smiled，“It was a magician who gave me some special days in the hospital and the hope for our new life．It was you two kids．”Section Ⅳ
Period 默写背诵
1．dragon n．龙
2．lunar adj．阴历的；月球的
3．barbecue n．烧烤野餐
4．sticky adj．黏性的，黏的
5．lantern n．灯笼，提灯
6．pudding n．布丁；甜食，甜点心
7．turkey n．火鸡
8．monster n．怪兽，怪物
9．snack n．(正餐以外的)小吃，点心
10．host n．主人；东道主；主持人
11．flight n．航班
12．wine n．葡萄酒
13．accent n．口音
14．hotpot n．火锅
15．firecracker n．鞭炮，爆竹
16．wedding n．婚礼
17．beer n．啤酒
18．studio n．录音室
19．neat adj．整洁的
20．suit n．套装
21．pole n．地极，北/南极
22．stuff vt．给……填馅；填，塞
23．lap n．大腿部
24．frosty adj．严寒的
25．eve n．前夕；前一天
26．plate n．盘；碟
27．ballet n．芭蕾舞剧，芭蕾舞表演
28．roll vt．使成筒形(球形) n．一卷；面包卷
29．swallow vi．& vt．吞下，咽下
30．awesome adj．令人赞叹的；很好的
31．downstairs adv．往楼下，在楼下
32．nowhere adv．哪里都不
33．album n．簿，册
34．uniform n．制服
35．cuisine n．烹饪
36．humbly adv．谦虚地
1．occasion n．重要的社交活动；时刻，时候
2．congratulation n．恭喜，祝贺
3．immediately adv．即刻，马上
4．gathering n．聚会
5．decoration n．装饰物
6．account n．描述，报道
7．summarise vi．& vt．总结，概括
8．sweep vt．扫；打扫
9．character n．字，字体；人物，角色
10．attach vt．贴；固定；附上
11．expectant adj．期待的，期望的
12．retired adj．退休的
13．joy n．欢欣，愉快，喜悦
14．throughout prep．在整个期间，自始至终
15．original adj．原先的，最早的，最初的
16．custom n．风俗，习惯；传统
17．teenager n．青少年，十几岁的孩子
18．specific adj．具体的，特定的
19．effort n．努力；力气
20．extend vt．提供，给予，表示
21．memory n．记忆，回忆
22．branch n．树枝
23．whisper vi．& vt．低声说，低语
24．merry adj．快乐的
25．wave vi．& vt．挥手；招手
26．event n．事件；活动
27．calm vi．& vt．(使)平静，(使)镇定
28．thoroughly adv．完全地
1．graduate n．毕业生 vi．毕业→graduation n．毕业
2．decorate vi．&vt．装饰，布置，美化→decoration n．装饰物
3．tradition n．传统→traditional adj．传统的→traditionally adv．传统地
4．expect vt．预料，期待；期盼→expectant adj．期待的，期望的→expectation n．预料，预期；期待
5．scare vt．吓唬；使(某人)惊恐→scary adj．可怕的，引起恐慌的→scared adj．害怕的；惊恐的
6．surround vt．环绕，围绕→surrounding adj．周围的→surroundings n．环境，周围的环境
7．greet vt．问候，欢迎；打招呼→greeting n．问候，打招呼
8．appropriate adj．合适的，适当的→appropriately adv．合适地，适当地
9．slight adj．轻微的，略微的→slightly adv．略微，稍微
10．patient adj．有耐心的；有耐力的→patience n．耐心；耐力
11．behave vi．表现；表现得体→behaviour n．行为，举止
12．fortunate adj．幸运的→fortunately adv．幸运地→unfortunate adj．不幸的→unfortunately adv．不幸地
13．represent vt．代表；象征→representative n．代表 adj．有代表性的
14．describe vt．描写；描述→description n．描写，描述
15．select vt．挑选，选拔→selection n．挑选；选拔
1．come to an end 结束；终止
2．at war 在交战状态中
3．put up 张贴
4．let off 使某物爆炸
5．sweep away 扫除；清除
6．upside down 倒置地，颠倒地
7．light up 照亮；(使)变得喜悦
8．up to 从事，忙于；多达；能胜任
9．scare sb./sth.away 把……吓跑
10．tens of thousands of 成千上万
11．as far as 就……而言
12．in general 普遍地
13．make an effort 尽力
14．look ahead 向前看；考虑未来
15．take turns 轮流
16．on the way 在路上的；即将到来的
17．catch sb.'s eye 吸引某人的目光；引起某人的注意
18．pass away 去世
19．no longer 不再
20．over and over 再三地，重复地
21．calm down 冷静下来
1．My host mother Mrs Chen said this was to sweep away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year．
我的房东妈妈陈太太说这是清除过去一年的积尘，为新的一年做准备。
2．We then sat together to enjoy a big dinner，wishing everyone a happy new year．
然后，我们坐在一起享受一顿丰盛的晚餐，祝福大家新年快乐。
3．Every year，the moment I get on the train，I am surrounded by Shanxi accents－I know that I am heading home to my family．
每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。
4．We think about what the children would like to eat，what we need to buy and what dishes need to be prepared．
我们考虑孩子们喜欢吃什么，我们需要买什么，需要准备什么菜。
5．I remember the wind because Granny's grey hair was a mess when she arrived．
我记得那天的风，因为奶奶到达时她的灰头发乱作一团。
6．Maybe I was too young，maybe she hid it too well，or maybe I was just too excited that Christmas was on the way．
也许是我太年轻，也许是她隐藏得太好了，也许是我对即将到来的圣诞节感到太兴奋了。
7．Auntie Kath didn't think it was funny，but the rest of us did．
凯丝阿姨觉得这没什么好笑的，但我们都觉得好笑。
8．When I think about what makes Christmas so magical，it's not just gifts and Father Christmas that come to mind．
当我想到是什么让圣诞节如此神奇时，我想到的不只是礼物和圣诞老人。
9．Surprisingly，they were Grandpa's best friends from secondary school，all in their seventies．
令人惊讶的是，他们是爷爷中学时最好的朋友，都七十多岁了。
10．With each old photo，the guests saw how Grandpa grew from a handsome boy to a kind old gentleman．
通过每一张老照片，客人们看到了爷爷是如何从一个英俊的男孩成长为一位善良的老绅士的。
假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Jack在社交媒体上看到了你参加运动会的照片，写信向你了解相关情况，请给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1．时间地点；
2．你的项目；
3．你的感受。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
[高分范文背诵]
Dear Jack，
How is everything going？Delighted to learn you are interested in the sports meeting held in my school，I'm writing to share with you some details．
Usually held in October annually on the school playground，it's a splendid platform for us to take an active part in sports and bring out the best in ourselves．This year I joined in the 1500-metre race，which was a great challenge for me．But with my adequate preparations and my classmates' encouragement，I got third prize finally，which made me convinced that nothing is impossible for a willing heart．
Would you please share your school life with me？Looking forward to your reply．
Yours，
Li Hua
[片段1]
She expressed her sadness for not having enough money to buy her sick mom a birthday cake．Hearing what had happened to the girl's mother，the old lady couldn't help hugging Janie，comforted her，and decided to do something for her．She reached into her pocket，pulled out some money，and handed it to Janie．Then she led the girl back to the cake store．
[片段2]
It was our time．We just relaxed and enjoyed the time out．We never went to any expensive place，but my kids enjoyed the days with me．One day，one of my kids asked me who sent such a new beautiful mom to her．I smiled，“It was a magician who gave me some special days in the hospital and the hope for our new life．It was you two kids．”
单元综合检测(三)
第一部分 阅读
第一节
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A
Fire has been known for its powerful energy and is used in both ancient and modern ceremonies．Festivals about fire are celebrated all around the world．You can learn about some of them below．
The Torch (火把) Festival
The Torch Festival takes place from the 24th to the 26th of lunar June every year in China．It is an important traditional festival of the Yi，Naxi，and Bai ethnic people in Southwestern China．For 3 days，the people carry burning torches and take part in a variety of activities．Fruits，fireworks and lanterns are all festively hung around the torch．
The Burning Man Festival
The Burning Man Festival，which began in 1986，is based on the idea of community，inclusion，creativity，fashion and anti-consumerism．It is an eight-day festival held in Nevada，America from late August to early September．At this time of year，people from all over the world come here．All participants are called burners．
The Fire and Snow Festival
In mid-February every year，in the depths of cold winter，the Fire and Snow Festival takes place in Japan．Originally，this festival had its roots in a purification ceremony．In modern times，however，the festival is more than a community event．A sweet drink，made from rice is served up there．
The Jeongwol Daeboreum Deulbli Festival
Another fire celebration to take place in February is the Jeongwol Daeboreum Deulbli Festival in the Republic of Korea，Asia．The festival goes back centuries，when local families would keep cows．Farmers would set fire to the mountains to destroy old grass and kill harmful insects．Now，a hilltop is set to pray for health and a good harvest in the coming year．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个与火有关的中外节日。
1．Which one is the Chinese festival
A．The Torch Festival．
B．The Burning Man Festival．
C．The Fire and Snow Festival．
D．The Jeongwol Daeboreum Deulbli Festival．
A [细节理解题。根据The Torch Festival部分中的“The Torch Festival takes place from the 24th to the 26th of lunar June every year in China．(火把节在中国每年的农历六月二十四日至二十六日举行)”可知，The Torch Festival是属于中国的节日。故选A项。]
2．What do the last two festivals have in common
A．They take place in European countries．
B．They are celebrated in the same month．
C．The festival participants are called burners．
D．The purpose of them is to destroy old grass．
B [细节理解题。根据The Fire and Snow Festival部分中的“In mid-February every year，in the depths of cold winter，the Fire and Snow Festival takes place in Japan．(每年的二月中旬，在最寒冷的冬天，日本都会举行火雪节)”可知，The Fire and Snow Festival是日本的节日，通常是在二月中旬举行；根据The Jeongwol Daeboreum Deulbli Festival部分中的“Another fire celebration to take place in February is the Jeongwol Daeboreum Deulbli Festival in the Republic of Korea，Asia．(亚洲的韩国也将在2月份举行‘正月大典’)”可知，the Jeongwol Daeboreum Deulbli Festival是亚洲韩国的节日，通常是在二月举行，由此可知，最后两个节日均是在二月举行。故选B项。]
3．In which part of a magazine is the text probably found
A．Diet． B．Health．
C．Culture． D．Education．
C [推理判断题。根据首段中的“Festivals about fire are celebrated all around the world．You can learn about some of them below．(世界各地都在庆祝与火有关的节日。您可以在下面了解其中的一些)”可知，本文介绍的是世界各地庆祝与火有关的节日。由此推知，本文出自杂志的文化部分。故选C项。]
B
Every American family has its own traditions on Thanksgiving Day，and mine is no different．Once the national holiday arrives，my mom rises early to make the meal．She puts a turkey in the oven，chops carrots and bakes pies．I'm sorry to say that the men in the family—my dad，my younger brother and myself—rarely pitch in to help．Our job is to wash the mountain of dirty dishes after the meal is over．
Around 2 p．m．every Thanksgiving Day，family members seat themselves around the kitchen table．Plates of turkey，vegetables，salad，rolls and pies cover it．At this point，we can hardly keep ourselves from drooling (淌口水)all over our fancy clothes，but it's not yet time to eat．
First，we must bow our heads，close our eyes and say a prayer of thanks aloud to God for giving us everything we have．Under normal circumstances，I would have no problem making a list of things I am thankful for．I grew up in a loving family．My parents，who aren't wealthy，took out loans to help me pay for university．
However，the funny thing is，every time I sit down for Thanksgiving dinner and try to say a prayer of thanks，my mind usually goes blank．I think it has something to do with my growling (咕咕叫)stomach and all of that food sitting right there under my nose．
Eventually，though，we all finish our short prayers and dig in．To be sure，the day includes other highlights—visiting with family and watching football matches on TV．But usually around 6 p．m．we are all ourselves stuffed like turkeys and thankful to have a nice warm bed to sleep in．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者对自己的家人如何庆祝感恩节进行了描写，充分展现了一家人其乐融融的景象。
4．The purpose of the text is to ________．
A．tell what the family do for Thanksgiving Day
B．tell how the family spend Thanksgiving Day
C．introduce foods served on Thanksgiving Day
D．introduce the American Thanksgiving Day
B [主旨大意题。作者开门见山地点明美国每家每户都有自己的感恩节传统，然后详细描述了他们一家人这一天的活动，因此B项“讲述这一家人如何过感恩节”能概括全文大意。]
5．On Thanksgiving Day the author's family do the following except ________．
A．watching a movie
B．making visits
C．having a big meal
D．watching football matches
A [细节理解题。文章前四段描述作者一家人准备感恩节大餐，最后一段首句“Eventually，though，we all finish our short prayers and dig in．”说明一家人终于开吃了，首先排除C项；再由信息句“To be sure，the day includes other highlights—visiting with family and watching football matches on TV．”可知，这一天作者一家人还会走访亲友以及观看足球比赛等，故排除B、D两项；文章没有提及A项活动，所以选A。]
6．Why does the author's mind usually go blank when saying a prayer of thanks
A．He is too thankful to say a word．
B．His mind is on the food before him．
C．He feels too excited to speak．
D．He is too shy to speak in public．
B [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I think it has something to do with my growling stomach and all of that food sitting right there under my nose．”可知，作者吃大餐之前祈祷以示感恩时，心思全被眼前的美食所吸引，所以B项正确。]
7．The underlined phrase “dig in” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．chat with others B．make a hole
C．mix things up D．start eating
D [词义猜测题。根据前文对一家人准备大餐以及作者心思全被眼前的美食所吸引的描述，再看本句中的Eventually“终于”一词，不难看出dig in在此表示(一家人)“开吃”了。]
C
Dogs in the classroom lower stress of primary school students，new research has found．The study by UK researchers found spending some time with a dog twice a week was better for reducing stress on students than many other classroom relaxation activity．And the benefits of these “dog dates” were similar for children in both normal and special schools．
Stress is known to negatively influence a child's learning，behaviour，health and mood．This has led schools to try a number of ways to reduce stress，including yoga，mindfulness，physical activity and even having animals in classrooms．
The researchers from the University of Lincoln measured students' stress levels by tracking the level of the stress in their saliva (唾液)．They studied 105 students aged 8 to 9 in four normal schools as well as 44 children of a similar age in seven special schools in the UK．The children were divided into three groups：a group that spent time with a dog；a group that spent time doing relaxation activities；and a “control” group that did neither of these things．Students in the dog group spent 20 minutes with a trained dog twice a week for four weeks．The relaxation group spent the same amount of time doing exercise．
The researchers found that the children in the dog group had “extremely lower” stress levels，while those in the relaxation and control groups recorded an increase over the school term．The study，which was published in the journal PLOS ONE，also found stress was lowest in the children in the dog group immediately after their contact with the puppies．“Dog-assisted activities can lead to lower stress levels in schoolchildren with and without special educational needs，”University of Lincoln researcher Kerstin Meints said，“but more research is needed to discover what was the ideal amount of time and contact with dogs for the best effect．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，狗狗在教室里与小学生适当接触可以降低小学生的压力。
8．What is the benefit of having dogs in the classroom according to the research
A．Lowering stress for students．
B．Making students less lonely．
C．Building up students' health．
D．Improving students' confidence．
A [细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Dogs in the classroom lower stress of primary school students，new research has found．”可知，研究发现狗狗在教室里可以降低小学生的压力，由此可知，教室里有狗狗的好处是可以减轻学生的压力。故选A项。]
9．How did the researchers get the findings
A．By analyzing causes．
B．By providing examples．
C．By making a list of facts．
D．By making comparison．
D [推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“The researchers found that the children in the dog group had ‘extremely lower’ stress levels，while those in the relaxation and control groups recorded an increase over the school term．”可知，研究人员将参与者分为三组，将每组的数据进行对比，最后得出与狗有互动的组的孩子压力水平“极低”，由此可知，研究人员是通过比较得出这些发现的。故选D项。]
10．What does the research show according to the last paragraph
A．The proper contact time with dogs still needs further study．
B．Dogs have more effects on the children in special schools．
C．The children doing more exercise have the lowest stress level．
D．The children spending most time with dogs are lowest in stress．
A [推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“‘Dog-assisted activities can lead to lower stress levels in schoolchildren with and without special educational needs，’ University of Lincoln researcher Kerstin Meints said，‘but more research is needed to discover what was the ideal amount of time and contact with dogs for the best effect．’”可知，林肯大学的研究人员Kerstin Meints认为还需要更多的研究来发现与狗接触的适当时间是多少，由此可知，研究显示了与狗的适当接触时间仍需进一步研究。故选A项。]
11．What can be the best title for the text
A．Students Need the Company of Dogs
B．Classroom Dog Dates Reduce Kids' Stress
C．New Research About Dogs Is Carried Out
D．Dog-assisted Activities Become Popular in the UK
B [标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“Dogs in the classroom lower stress of primary school students，new research has found．”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，狗狗在教室里可以降低小学生的压力，“Classroom Dog Dates Reduce Kids' Stress”意为“课堂狗狗约会可以减轻孩子的压力”，此选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选B项。]
D
Researchers have discovered many recent Marsquakes on the Red Planet．Those shakes are likely signs that magma (岩浆) moves deep under the Martian surface．
Since touching down on Mars four years ago，NASA's InSight lander has found more than 1，000 Marsquakes．One of its tools records quake waves．Those waves show information about a quake's size and location．
Earlier this year，scientists showed that several Marsquakes came from a particular part of Mars．It's known as Cerberus Fossae．Those quakes were a type pretty familiar to quake experts，states Anna Mittelholz，a planetary scientist at Harvard University．Their low-frequency waves “look much more like what we see for an earthquake，” she says．
Mittelholz was part of a team that has studied many more Marsquakes．These include more than 1，000 high-frequency small quakes．The signals (信号) are fairly weak．To find out their origins，her team added the signals together．These quakes，too，seemed to come from the direction of Cerberus Fossae．
Scientists were surprised to find that different types of quakes all came from the same region on Mars．Previous research had suggested Marsquakes might be caused by the slow cooling and shrinking (收缩) of the planet's surface．That process，which also occurs on the moon，should produce quakes spread equally across the planet．As such，Mittelholz says，“The expectation was that Marsquakes would come from all over the place．”
Her team also compared the weak waves that InSight measured with those produced on Earth．Marsquakes looked like earthquakes that came from volcanic regions，the researchers found．That means Mars' shakes are probably produced by magma flowing tens of kilometers below the planet's surface．
Rather than being a geologically dead planet，as some have suggested，Mars might be surprisingly active，the researchers conclude (下结论)．“There's still so much more to learn about Mars，”says Mittelholz．“We're only touching the surface．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现了很多火星地震，并介绍了这些地震发生的原因、位置等。
12．Why are the quake waves on Mars familiar to scientists
A．They are like the waves on Earth．
B．They are sent from the same place．
C．They are weak enough to be sensed．
D．They are full of all kinds of information．
A [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Those quakes were a type pretty familiar to quake experts，states Anna Mittelholz，a planetary scientist at Harvard University．Their low-frequency waves ‘look much more like what we see for an earthquake，’ she says．”可知，科学家对火星上的地震波很熟悉是因为它们就像地球上的地震波一样。故选A。]
13．Why is the moon mentioned in paragraph 5
A．To show quakes on the moon are common．
B．To give an easy explanation of earthquakes．
C．To show the similarity between the moon and Earth．
D．To prove Marsquakes may have little to do with temperatures．
D [推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Scientists were surprised to find that different types of quakes all came from the same region on Mars．Previous research had suggested Marsquakes might be caused by the slow cooling and shrinking of the planet's surface．That process，which also occurs on the moon，should produce quakes spread equally across the planet．”可知，提到月球是为了证明火星上的地震与温度变化无关。故选D。]
14．What do the scientists conclude about Mars
A．Mars is a secret to them．
B．Mars is a relatively dead planet．
C．Mars might be still volcanically active．
D．Mars has more quakes than Earth．
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Rather than being a geologically dead planet，as some have suggested，Mars might be surprisingly active，the researchers conclude．”可知，火星可能是个火山活跃的星球。故选C。]
15．What is the text
A．A short story． B．A science report．
C．A space diary． D．A book review．
B [推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Researchers have discovered many recent Marsquakes on the Red Planet．Those shakes are likely signs that magma moves deep under the Martian surface．”可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员发现了很多火星地震，并介绍了这些地震发生的原因、位置等，由此可推知，这是一篇科技报道类文章。故选B。]
第二节
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Contribute to Thanksgiving
Dinner as a Teenager
Your family has been stressing out about hosting this year's Thanksgiving meal for weeks now，and you want to help out．The problem is，you're only a teenager． 16
Go grocery shopping．If you have enough time and the food hasn't been purchased yet，ask your parents if you can do the grocery shopping for them． 17 If you don't have a car and walking to the grocery store or biking there isn't a choice，ask if you can go to the grocery store along with your parents to make the shopping process easier．
Clean the house．A clean home is the best setting for Thanksgiving dinner． 18 Clear an area for guests to put their shoes，coats，and bags so they aren't in the way．
Set the table．It will save your parents' time，so they can finish preparing the meal．If you're using place cards，put wine glasses at the seats of guests who will be drinking．Some guests may have their kids seated at the table． 19
Plan a fun family activity．This is a great thing to do when people are either waiting for the meal or looking for something to do after the meal．This is where you come in． 20 You may even take some family photos．They'll be happy that you captured these memories later．
A．So how do you start helping out
B．Don't get too pushy about doing everything．
C．You should plan a fun game or activity in advance．
D．If you have a car and they trust you to drive，that is．
E．Ask your parents if you are unsure if you really need place cards．
F．You should consider not putting a knife at their seat，for safety reasons．
G．Even if it's not perfectly neat，things should be relatively organized and dust-free．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了作为一个十几岁的青少年怎样在感恩节晚宴上帮助爸爸妈妈，包括去杂货店购物、打扫房子、摆好桌子以及准备一些好玩的家庭活动等。
16．A [第一段第一句提到“Your family has been stressing out about hosting this year's Thanksgiving meal for weeks now，and you want to help out．”及后文提到了可以做的一些事情。A项起承上启下的作用。故选A。]
17．D [前文提到“ask your parents if you can do the grocery shopping for them”及后文“If you don't have a car and walking to the grocery store or biking there isn't a choice，ask if you can go to the grocery store along with your parents to make the shopping process easier．”可知，D项是与没有车可采用的办法进行对比，符合文意，故选D。]
18．G [根据前文“Clean the house．A clean home is the best setting for Thanksgiving dinner．”可知，G项提到“Even if it's not perfectly neat，things should be relatively organized and dust-free．”符合文意，故选G。]
19．F [前文提到“Some guests may have their kids seated at the table．”F项提到“You should consider not putting a knife at their seat，for safety reasons．”符合文意，故选F。]
20．C [最后一段第一句提到“Plan a fun family activity．”可知，C项“You should plan a fun game or activity in advance．”符合文意，故选C。]
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A mother who worked as a waitress at a school canteen to make ends meet was celebrating after becoming a headmistress (女校长) of a school．Rosalind Brotherton took a job providing 21 for children—but just years later she was 22 a school of her own．
While 23 as a waitress at Swan Lane First School，she also studied for an Open University 24 in history．After graduating in 2005，Mrs Brotherton 25 for her teaching qualification (资格) before joining in a 26 as a trainee (实习生) teacher．She moved to another school where she 27 the headmistress last year．
Mrs Brotherton said，“My marriage 28 when I was 30．I had to look after my children on my own．So I wanted to 29 more for my children and to do something for 30 ．I started doing my degree at the Open University．I worked as a 31 and a learning assistant at a school，so I was working with children and that 32 inspired me to become a teacher．”
Like Mrs Brotherton，who has to 33 her children after divorce by herself，everyone will have difficulties in life．Difficulties are like huge rocks to Mrs Brotherton．But she is 34 enough to push the rocks with all her might (能力)．They drove her to study and changed her 35 finally．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是一位曾经的学校餐厅的女服务员，凭借自己的努力，坚持学习、考取教师资格证成为一名老师，最后成为女校长的故事。
21．A．books B．food
C．clothes D．apartments
B [根据上文中的“as a waitress at a school canteen”可知，学校餐厅的女服务员应该是给学生提供“食物”。故选B项。]
22．A．decorating B．running
C．building D．sweeping
B [根据上文中的“after becoming a headmistress of a school”可知，一个女校长应该是“管理”一所学校。故选B项。]
23．A．exercising B．thinking
C．writing D．working
D [根据上文中的“A mother who worked as a waitress at a school canteen”可知，她以前的“工作”是在学校餐厅当服务员。故选D项。]
24．A．degree B．honour
C．policy D．seat
A [根据下文中的“I started doing my degree at the Open University．”可知，她是在攻读Open University的历史“学位”。故选A项。]
25．A．studied B．waited
C．paid D．searched
A [根据上文中的“she also studied for an Open University ________ in history”可知，她在为获得教师资格而“学习”。故选A项。]
26．A．factory B．club
C．charity D．school
D [根据空后的“as a trainee teacher”可知，她做了一名实习教师，由此可知，此处指的是“学校”。故选D项。]
27．A．understood B．became
C．employed D．recognized
B [根据上文中的“A mother who worked as a waitress at a school canteen to make ends meet was celebrating after becoming a headmistress of a school．”可知，此处指的是她“成为”了校长。故选B项。]
28．A．broke down B．kept up
C．went on D．set off
A [根据下文中的“I had to look after my children on my own．”可知，她不得不自己照顾孩子，由此可知，她的婚姻“破裂”。故选A项。]
29．A．select B．supply
C．occupy D．explore
B [结合语境以及下文中的“more for my children”可知，此处指的是她婚姻破裂后，想为自己的孩子“提供”更多。故选B项。]
30．A．her B．him
C．you D．myself
D [根据语境和句意可知，上文是为孩子们提供更多，所以此处指的是为“自己”做些事情。故选D项。]
31．A．cleaner B．chef
C．teacher D．waitress
D [根据上文中的“as a waitress at Swan Lane First School”可知，此处指的是做过“女服务员”。故选D项。]
32．A．informally B．optionally
C．surely D．unfortunately
C [根据上文中的“I started doing my degree at the Open University．I worked as a ________ and a learning assistant at a school”以及语境可知，Mrs Brotherton的经历“必定”会激励Mrs Brotherton成为一名教师。故选C项。]
33．A．find B．annoy
C．raise D．seek
C [根据下文中的“her children after divorce by herself”可知，Mrs Brotherton离婚后，靠自己“养育”孩子符合语境。故选C项。]
34．A．angry B．worried
C．brave D．cautious
C [根据上文中的“Difficulties are like huge rocks to Mrs Brotherton．”并结合下文中的“to push the rocks with all her might”可知，Mrs Brotherton竭尽全力推开挡路石，由此可知，Mrs Brotherton是足够“勇敢的”。故选C项。]
35．A．habit B．life
C．shape D．diet
B [根据上文中的“A mother who worked as a waitress at a school canteen to make ends meet was celebrating after becoming a headmistress of a school．”以及语境可知，Mrs Brotherton从最开始的服务员通过不断学习，克服很多困难，努力成为一所学校的校长，由此可知，这些困难最终改变了她的“人生”。故选B项。]
第二节
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zhoukoudian is a small village lying about 50 kilometers to the southwest of Beijing．In the 1920s，archaeologists discovered some prehistoric human bones there，which changed people's view of China's history．They came from 36．________unknown species of man，and were the first evidence of human life in China hundreds of thousands of years ago．The remains were three 37．________(tooth)!
In 1929，a complete skull(颅骨) 38．________(dig) out．Eventually，archaeologists found almost 200 items，including 6 skulls．These discoveries proved the 39．________(exist) of a human species who lived in the area between 700，000 and 200，000 years ago．Four sites 40．________Peking Man and their relatives lived were discovered on the northern face of Longgushan．
Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian was listed 41．________a World Heritage Site in December 1987．It has not only given 42．________(we) important information about prehistoric Asian societies，but also provided amazing evidence about the process of evolution．Today，parts of the caves have been badly destroyed by rain．Some areas are almost 43．________(complete) covered in weeds，causing serious damage．Also，pollution 44．________(cause) by the nearby factories has contributed to the problem．This is a very serious matter．The Chinese Academy of Sciences is doing all it can 45．________(raise) public awareness of it．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发现北京人头骨所带来的深远意义以及周口店北京人遗址目前的状况，以此来呼吁大家保护文化遗产。
36．an [考查冠词。句意：它们来自一个未知的人种，是几十万年前中国有人类生活的第一个证据。species意为“物种”，应用不定冠词限定。所连接的单词unknown发音以元音音素开头，故填an。]
37．teeth [考查名词复数。句意：遗骸是三颗牙齿！数词three后应用名词复数。故填teeth。]
38．was dug [考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：1929年，一个完整的头骨被挖出来。根据时间状语In 1929可知，此处用一般过去时，动词dig和主语a complete skull之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为单数，故填was dug。]
39．existence [考查名词。句意：这些发现证明了70万到20万年前在该地区生活过的人类物种的存在。定冠词the后应用其名词existence“存在(不可数)”，作动词的宾语。故填existence。]
40．where [考查定语从句。句意：在龙骨山北坡发现了四处北京人及其亲属居住的遗址。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为sites，应用关系副词where引导从句，在从句中作地点状语，意为“在那里”。故填where。]
41．as [考查介词。句意：周口店北京人遗址于1987年12月被列为世界文化遗产。根据“was listed”和“a World Heritage Site”可知，此处是指周口店北京人遗址被列为世界遗产，应用介词as表示“作为”。故填as。]
42．us [考查人称代词。句意：它不仅为我们提供了有关史前亚洲群体的重要信息，而且提供了关于进化过程的惊人证据。此处应用人称代词的宾格作动词的宾语。故填us。]
43．completely [考查副词。句意：一些地区几乎完全被杂草覆盖，造成了严重的破坏。修饰动词covered应用副词。故填completely。]
44．caused [考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，附近工厂造成的污染也造成了这个问题。非谓语动词cause和主语pollution之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语。故填caused。]
45．to raise [考查非谓语动词。句意：中国科学院正在尽其所能提高公众对它的认识。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。do all it can to do sth．意为“竭尽全力做某事”是固定用法。故填to raise。]
第三部分 写作
第一节
假设你是李华，请你给一位美国高中的笔友Mike写一封电子邮件，把你校最近一次运动会的情况告诉他，内容包括：
1．举行时间；
2．印象最深的比赛项目。
注意：1．词数80左右，开头已为你写好；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Hi Mike，
I hope everything goes well with you！_____________________________
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Yours，
Li Hua
[参考范文]
Hi Mike，
I hope everything goes well with you! I can't wait to tell you about the annual sports meeting held in our school last week．
It included quite a number of sports events．Almost all events were interesting for me，of which the women's 3，000-metre race was the most impressive．An athlete slipped and fell down in the race but she swiftly rose to her feet and kept running．Her spirit of striving and never giving up inspired everyone present．Crowds of students and teachers surrounding the sports field cheered for her loudly．
How about the sports participation in your school？I'm looking forward to hearing from you．
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
People often have a tough time dealing with their feelings of disappointment．That is when you should give them time and understanding and he or she just might come around before long．
I remember talking with my friend Avery about the coming school play Alice's Adventure in Wonderland，which we both applied for．Avery had a talent for acting and she was anxious for playing Alice while for me I didn't care what part I played as long as I would be in．However，when the character list was posted，we were surprised to find that I got the part of Alice and Avery was chosen to act the rabbit．I guessed it was because I hadn't been nervous at all during the audition (试演)．But that situation really didn't occur to me．
Then I asked Avery，“Do you want to come over after school and we can practice our lines？” “You mean，practice your lines？” Avery replied，not even looking at me．“No，thanks．I'm pretty busy this week．” I continued to ask if it would be OK for next week but her answer was negative and full of anger．
That night at dinner，after my parents congratulated me on getting the lead role，they asked how I felt．“Well，I can't understand．” I said and told them about Avery's reaction and I believed that she pretty much threw away our friendship．
“Hmm，” said my dad．“Arizona，don't you think this might be an opportunity for you to be an extra-good friend？” “Dad's right，” added my mom．“Sometimes when our friends do well，we feel envious (羡慕的) and don't know how to act．Try giving her a little time and understanding．She'll come around．”
Over the next week，I did my best to give Avery some space．I practiced my lines but I knew I needed some help since my voice was not expressive enough．Day by day，Avery's attitude seemed softened．As the rehearsal (彩排) day was near，I made a decision．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
One day after school in the rehearsal room，I approached Avery．______
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Then came the big day．__________________________________________
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[参考范文]
One day after school in the rehearsal room，I approached Avery.“Hey，Avery，” I said．“I was wondering if you could help me with my lines．I know you're busy，but I really need your help．”Avery looked up at me and smiled．“Sure，I'd be happy to help．” We spent the next hour going over my lines and she gave me some great advice on how to make my performance more expressive．I was so grateful for her help and I could tell that she was happy to be able to help me．
Then came the big day.We both performed our parts perfectly and the audience was thrilled．After the show，Avery and I hugged each other and thanked each other for our help．I was so glad that I had given her time and understanding，and that she had come around．From then on，we were even better friends than before．
模块综合检测(一)
第一部分 阅读
第一节
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Summer Teen Volunteer Opportunities
Bloomington Parks and Recreation offers an excellent opportunity for teens to get involved and make a difference in their community by volunteering within a variety of summer youth programs．Summer Teen volunteers assist with activities under the guidance of experienced staff and gain valuable leadership skills．In the summer，teens can apply to volunteer in the following programs：
Summer Adventure Playground Program Volunteer
Program Dates: June 14－August 12
Location(s): Kelly，Poplar Bridge．Running，Smith，Sunrise and Westwood parks
Information: Help facilitate opportunities to play and lead playground participants (in grades 2－7) in games，sports，arts and crafts，and make new friendships．
Mini View Volunteer
Program Dates: June 14－August 6
Location: Valley View Elementary School
Information: Help to assist with the supervision of preschoolers—1st graders in a social occasion．
The View Volunteer
Program Dates: June 14－August 6
Location: Valley View Elementary School
Information: Help to assist with supervision of 2nd－5th graders in a social/recreational setting．
Camp Kota Junior Counselor
Program Dates: June 14－August 9
Location: East Bush Lake
Information: Help campers learn basic outdoor skills while meeting new friends，singing crazy songs and having tons of fun．
To apply，fill in a Parks and Recreation 2024 Summer Teen Volunteer Application．Please be sure to answer all questions and indicate all program(s) of interest．Applicants will be contacted via email with next steps after March 31，2024．Contact us by phone (952-563-8877) or e-mail at parksiec@BloomingtonMN．gov for more information．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个暑期志愿者活动的基本情况以及申请要求。
1．What can volunteers get from the programs
A．Making the community different．
B．Becoming an experienced staff member．
C．Getting opportunities for college．
D．Acquiring useful leadership skills．
D [细节理解题。根据第一段中“Summer Teen volunteers assist with activities under the guidance of experienced staff and gain valuable leadership skills．”可知，志愿者在这些活动中能获得有用的领导技能。故选D项。]
2．Which program suits you if you are good with kindergarten kids
A．Summer Adventure Playground Program Volunteer．
B．Mini View volunteer．
C．The View Volunteer．
D．Camp Kota Junior Counselor．
B [细节理解题。根据Mini View Volunteer部分的“Information: Help to assist with the supervision of preschoolers—1st graders in a social occasion．”可知，如果你和幼儿园的孩子相处得好，那么Mini View Volunteer这个活动项目适合你。故选B项。]
3．What should you do to apply for the opportunity
A．Fill out an application form．
B．Answer questions via an interview．
C．Clarify your program(s) of interest by phone．
D．Contact the organisers on March 31．
A [细节理解题。根据最后一段中“To apply，fill in a Parks and Recreation 2024 Summer Teen Volunteer Application．Please be sure to answer all questions and indicate all program(s) of interest．”可知，如果想要申请当暑期志愿者，需填写申请表，表上的问题都要回答，还要在表上注明感兴趣的项目，故选A项。]
B
Sharks are among the best swimmers on the planet，but a new research suggests that even they sometimes “hold their breath” while diving deep underwater．The reason is that sharks are cold-blooded and their body temperature matches the waters they swim in．To do deep dives，they must maintain body heat，and the best way to do that is to close their gills (鳃)．
Royer，a leading researcher at the University of Hawaii，set out to study the diving habits of hammerheads (双髻鲨)．They're known for swimming in warmer coastal waters，but earlier studies showed they can also dive to over 800 metres below the surface．At those cold depths，the water temperature falls to as low as 5℃．
For these sharks，the fall in temperature is a matter of life and death．Because a shark can't produce its own body heat，it begins to freeze the deeper it goes．Its muscles，eyes and brain become sluggish (迟钝的)．If it gets too cold，it can't swim．And if it stops swimming，water doesn't go across its gills．It can't breathe and will eventually drown．
How is it that hammerheads are able to go down into these deep depths and survive To find out，Royer and his colleagues caught the fish and attached an electronic sensor to each shark．The sensor would release itself from the shark's body after several weeks．The data they found amazed them: The sharks dived，spent just a few minutes at depths and then they shot towards the surface．They closed their gills and kept water out of their gills so that their body wouldn't cool down．
“Unlike animals with lungs，the sharks don't return to the surface to breathe．Instead，they simply go to a depth where it's warm enough for them to feel comfortable and reopen their gills．Hammerheads are probably not the only species doing so．Our work is another example of how new electronic sensors help to explain the extraordinary ability of these animals across 400 million years of changing ocean environments，” Royer said．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。新的研究发现：水温的下降对于鲨鱼来说是生死攸关的问题，鲨鱼在深海潜水时，为了保持体温，会合上它们的鳃“屏住呼吸”，在深处只待几分钟后，就冲向一个足够温暖的深度，然后重新打开它们的鳃自由呼吸。
4．What does the new research focus on concerning the sharks
A．Their hunting habits．
B．Their basic types．
C．Their special behaviours．
D．Their body structures．
C [细节理解题。根据第一段中“Sharks are among the best swimmers on the planet，but a new research suggests that even they sometimes ‘hold their breath’ while diving deep underwater．”和第四段中“How is it that hammerheads are able to go down into these deep depths and survive To find out，Royer and his colleagues caught the fish and attached an electronic sensor to each shark．”可知，研究的结果是：鲨鱼在深海潜水时有时也会“屏住呼吸”，所以研究的重点是研究这些鲨鱼在深海区存活下来有什么特殊的行为。故选C项。]
5．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．Keeping body heat．
B．Holding their breath．
C．Swimming on the surface．
D．Diving deep in the sea．
A [代词指代题。根据第一段中“The reason is that sharks are cold-blooded and their body temperature matches the waters they swim in．To do deep dives，they must maintain body heat，and the best way to do that is to close their gills．”和第四段中“They closed their gills and kept water out of their gills so that their body wouldn't cool down．”可知，that指代上文maintain body heat，要保持体温，就要合上鳃屏住呼吸，与A项“Keeping body heat”意思相同，故选A项。]
6．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about hammerheads
A．How their gills work in the sea．
B．How the temperature drop affects them．
C．Why they can survive the terrible environment．
D．Why they can protect themselves from the cold．
B [段落大意题。根据第三段可知，海洋深处水温下降对鲨鱼来说生死攸关，故第三段主要讲述了水温下降对鲨鱼的影响。故选B项。]
7．What can we know from Royer's words
A．Hammerheads depend on their lungs to breathe．
B．The diving strategy may not be unique to hammerheads．
C．It's hard for hammerheads to adapt to the cold conditions．
D．It's common for hammerheads to stay long at great depths．
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Unlike animals with lungs，the sharks don't return to the surface to breathe．Instead，they simply go to a depth where it's warm enough for them to feel comfortable and reopen their gills．Hammerheads are probably not the only species doing so．”可知，罗耶的意思为：‘屏住呼吸’的鲨鱼不会到水面上来呼吸，而是到达一个足够温暖的深度，就可以重新打开它们的鳃自由呼吸了，这种潜水策略可能并不是双髻鲨独有的，即其他一些海洋生物可能也有这个潜水策略。故选B项。]
C
It's time to put down the phone and look away from Instagram．Researchers found that people who look at pictures of food are less likely to enjoy the next meal they eat．
Ryan Elder and Jeff Larson of Brigham Young University asked 232 people to look at photos of food and rate them．The researchers divided the participants into two groups—one group looked at 60 photos of desserts，while the other examined 60 photos of salty foods．Participants ranked each photo based on how attractive the food looked．Afterward both groups enjoyed a snack of salted peanuts．The group that looked at pictures of salty foods liked the peanuts less than the group who looked at desserts，even though no one saw photos of peanuts．
“If you want to enjoy your meal，avoid looking at too many pictures of food，” Larson said．“Even I felt a little sick to my stomach during the study after looking at all the sweet pictures we had．”
The researchers believe that food doesn't taste as good after viewing all those photos because looking at many photos makes people feel as if they have already experienced the sensation of eating．Whatever someone eats after looking at photos doesn't seem as good as what she saw．
“In a way，you're becoming tired of that taste without even eating the food，” said Elder．“It's sensory boredom—you've kind of moved on．You don't want that taste experience anymore．”
But there is some good news: People need to look at a lot of food photos to experience sensory boredom．So if you want to enjoy your next brunch，play it safe and stay away from your foodie friend's photo albums．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究人员发现，盯着食物照片的人不太可能享受他们吃的下一餐并解释了Instagram影响人们食欲的原因。
8．What did the researchers do in the experiment
A．They showed peanut pictures to participants．
B．They chose 232 participants who enjoy eating．
C．They reminded participants to avoid sweet food．
D．They asked participants to eat some salted peanuts．
D [细节理解题。根据第二段中“Afterward both groups enjoyed a snack of salted peanuts．”可知，研究者要求参与者吃一些咸花生。故选D项。]
9．What happened to the participants in the salty group
A．They were afraid of rating food pictures．
B．They found salted peanuts less enjoyable．
C．They enjoyed their meals a lot more．
D．They compared their food with others'．
B [细节理解题。根据第二段中“The group that looked at pictures of salty foods liked the peanuts less than the group who looked at desserts，even though no one saw photos of peanuts．”可知，他们觉得咸花生不那么美味了。故选B项。]
10．Which of the following shows “sensory boredom”？
A．You lose your sense of taste when you feel extremely tired．
B．You are bored with your meal after taking pictures of food．
C．You find food less delicious after seeing many food pictures．
D．You eat more than before when the food tastes delicious．
C [推理判断题。根据第四段的描述和第五段“‘In a way，you're becoming tired of that taste without even eating the food，’ said Elder．‘It's sensory boredom—you've kind of moved on．You don't want that taste experience anymore．’”可知，看了很多食物图片后，你会觉得食物不好吃了，这是一种感官上的厌倦。故选C项。]
11．What is the best title for the passage
A．How We Can Stay Away from Instagram
B．What Causes People to Enjoy Salty Foods
C．Why Instagram Is Reducing Your Appetite
D．Which Food Tastes Less Delicious
C [标题归纳题。根据第一段“It's time to put down the phone and look away from Instagram．Researchers found that people who look at pictures of food are less likely to enjoy the next meal they eat．”可知，文章主要解释了为什么Instagram影响人们的食欲。故选C项。]
D
Since terrorist attack in 2019 that killed 50 people in New Zealand was live-streamed on Facebook，many of the negative effects of social media have begun to be known．So far，it's not looking good．
Not that social media is bad in nature．It does not necessarily cause mental health problems．What it is doing，however—especially in young people，a new study argues—is increasing the number of cases of young people's depression and suicide (自杀)．
The new study，led by psychologist Jean Twenge at San Diego State University，has researched the effects of technology and social media on the teenager brain．For this study，Twenge and her partners researched data from 2005 to 2017．They wanted to know what age groups suffered more from depression．Chance of mood disorders，they write，“generally becomes less with age．” In this date range，depressive cases increased by 63 percent among young people aged 12 to 17，and 52 percent among young adults aged 18 to 25．
There are two tendencies that appear to be causing this problem．
According to the study，the increased use of electronic communication and digital media during this time period may have changed ways of socialising enough to affect mood disorders and suicide-related results．For example，people who spend more time on social media and less time with others face-to-face report poorer health and are more likely to be depressed．
Tied into increased screen time，which could lead to being affected by cyber-bullying，are sleep issues．Sleep duration is decreasing among all age groups，but especially young adults during a time in life when they need it the most．Lack of sleep has been linked to mood disorders，suicidal thoughts，and suicide attempts．
Using the technology for good is one step forward．But another would be to put the phone down more often．If you've only grown up in a world viewed through a screen，learning that other world—namely，the real one—exists might seem impossible．Therefore，some distance is feeling more necessary day by day．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章谈论了社交媒体的负面作用，呼吁人们减少使用手机。
12．How did the team carry out the research
A．By studying the data．
B．By studying behaviour．
C．By doing experiments．
D．By interviewing people．
A [细节理解题。根据第三段中“The new study，led by psychologist Jean Twenge at San Diego State University，has researched the effects of technology and social media on the teenager brain．For this study，Twenge and her partners researched data from 2005 to 2017．”可知，这个团队是通过研究数据进行这项研究的。故选A项。]
13．Which is a possible cause of increased cases of depression among young people
A．Too early bedtime．
B．Face-to-face contact．
C．Good Internet connection．
D．Frequent use of phones．
D [推理判断题。根据第五段可知，频繁使用手机可能是年轻人抑郁症病例增加的原因。故选D项。]
14．What is the author's attitude towards the use of technology
A．Doubtful． B．Careful．
C．Unconcerned． D．Unknown．
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为科技有好处，但作者建议读者要经常地放下手机，与科技有点距离，说明作者对科技的使用持小心谨慎的(careful)态度。故选B项。]
15．Which section of a website is the text most likely from
A．Culture． B．Education．
C．Opinions． D．History．
C [推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Since terrorist attack in 2019 that killed 50 people in New Zealand was live-streamed on Facebook，many of the negative effects of social media have begun to be known．”和最后一段中“Using the technology for good is one step forward．But another would be to put the phone down more often．”可知，本文主要谈论了社交媒体的负面作用，阐述了自己的观点，呼吁人们减少使用手机。据此推知，本文来源于网站的“观点意见”部分。故选C项。]
第二节
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Studying in America presents you with unique opportunities to get involved in a community that pushes you to succeed． 16 These tips will help you make the most of the four years．
Participation in university programs helps you make new friends and establish a connection with your school．At the beginning of the school year，most universities will host an organisation fair where every club on campus will be recruiting (招募) new members． 17 By chatting with old club members，you can decide where you'll fit best．
To best prepare for your future，growing your professional network is essential．Joining professional student organisations that correspond with your professional interests is a great place to start．For example，professional societies often hold conferences and send out newsletters about industry happenings．Remember to be active and interested in your college years． 18
Taking part in voluntary work is a practical way to make a difference in the local community where your university is located．Some organisations like Habitat for Humanity have opportunities throughout the country．Neighbourhoods surrounding your university will also have individual needs and service opportunities that will benefit from your help． 19 It shows a new side of the place you'll call home for the next several years．
20 But getting around America on breaks can be a great opportunity to see more of it．If you have time，consider taking different trips，in which you can explore different cultures and meet new friends．Gradually，you'll find your vision broadened and life enriched．
A．Being a volunteer can advance your career．
B．College is the perfect time to learn and grow．
C．Living off campus is a great way to save money．
D．The event gives you an idea of each organisation．
E．It also allows you to get an ideal job after graduation．
F．Travelling overseas can be difficult during the school year．
G．Volunteering helps you feel connected to the community you live in．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在美国大学学习的过程中，可以参与社区志愿活动去提升自己，并且这对以后的工作也有所帮助。
16．B [根据后文“make the most of the four years”可推知，空处内容是有关大学生活的，B项“College is the perfect time to learn and grow．(大学是学习和成长的最佳时机)”符合题意，与下文衔接自然。故选B项。]
17．D [根据上文“At the beginning of the school year，most universities will host an organisation fair where every club on campus will be recruiting new members．”和后文“By chatting with old club members，you can decide where you'll fit best．”可知，这些活动提供了与老会员交流的机会，以便了解适合自己的俱乐部。D项“The event gives you an idea of each organisation．(该活动让你了解每个组织)”符合题意，选项中的“The event”指代上文的“an organisation fair”。故选D项。]
18．E [根据前文“For example，professional societies often hold conferences and send out newsletters about industry happenings．”可知，这里是指就业方面的问题。E项“It also allows you to get an ideal job after graduation．(它还可以让你在毕业后找到一份理想的工作)”符合题意，“It”指代上文的提到的那件事。故选E项。]
19．G [根据上文“Taking part in voluntary work is a practical way to make a difference in the local community where your university is located．”和后文“It shows a new side of the place you'll call home for the next several years．”可知，这里说的是志愿者服务和社区之间相辅相成的关系。G项“Volunteering helps you feel connected to the community you live in．(志愿服务有助于你感受到与你生活的社区的联系)”符合语境，下文的“It”指代选项中的“Volunteering”。故选G项。]
20．F [根据后文“But getting around America on breaks can be a great opportunity to see more of it．”中的“but”可知，空处与此处为转折关系，说明本空与“在美国国内转转”是相对的。F项“Travelling overseas can be difficult during the school year．(念书时出国旅行可能很困难)”符合语境。故选F项。]
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Edmond was a school bus driver for 22 years．One morning，the rain pouring down，he and the bus monitor Valentine were called to 21 a student who missed the bus．What 22 them was that the student didn't turn up when they reached the specified place．
Edmond and Valentine didn't expect they had a larger 23 to achieve．Just around the corner，they found two children 24 in the rushing floodwaters．The boy and the girl were struggling to hold onto a 25 to avoid being swept away．
Edmond and Valentine couldn't 26 to save them，but neither could swim．Jumping into action meant putting their own 27 on the line．Since the bus was for special needs children，it was 28 with removable seat belts．They got a(n) 29 ．Immediately they tied the seat belts together so as to 30 the children．
Close by neighbours additionally got here to 31 ， and the group made combined efforts to 32 the boy and the girl from the tree．They created a human chain and 33 the tied belts out until Edmond got a firm hold on the children and pulled them to safety．
The two children were 34 of Edmond，giving him a big hug．Surrounding them，everyone present was filled with happiness，though wet all over．This great rescue operation went viral on social media and drew praise for their 35 from all quarters．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了校车司机爱德蒙和班长瓦伦丁在大雨倾盆的早上救出被洪水围困的两个孩子的故事。
21．A．look after B．send for
C．pick up D．call on
C [根据上文“Edmond was a school bus driver”和下文可知，爱德蒙和班长去接一个错过公交车的学生。故选C。]
22．A．discouraged B．bored
C．excited D．impressed
A [根据上文“the rain pouring down”和下文“the student didn't turn up when they reached the specified place”可知，那天早上大雨倾盆，他们专门去接那名学生，但学生却没有出现，这让他们很沮丧。故选A。]
23．A．dream B．goal
C．success D．mission
D [根据下文可知，爱德蒙和瓦伦丁在洪水中救出被困小孩，这是一个更大的任务。故选D。]
24．A．driven B．pushed
C．stuck D．prepared
C [根据下文可知，两个孩子被困在汹涌的洪水中。故选C。]
25．A．tree B．belt
C．seat D．bus
A [根据下文“the group made combined efforts to ________ the boy and the girl from the tree”可知，此处指男孩和女孩挣扎着抓住一棵树。故选A。]
26．A．offer B．wait
C．pretend D．long
B [根据语境和常识可知，当时情况危急，所以爱德蒙和瓦伦丁迫不及待地想救他们。couldn't wait to do sth．意为“迫不及待地做某事”。 故选B。]
27．A．lives B．future
C．jobs D．family
A [根据上文“but neither could swim”可知，他们都不会游泳，在如此危急的情况下救人肯定意味着将自己的生命置于危险之中。故选A。]
28．A．covered B．decorated
C．filled D．equipped
D [根据上文“Since the bus was for special needs children”可知，此处指它配备了可拆卸的安全带。故选D。]
29．A．suggestion B．idea
C．belief D．conclusion
B [根据下文“Immediately they tied the seat belts together so as to ________ the children．”可知，这是他们想到的主意。故选B。]
30．A．lock B．search
C．reach D．hang
C [根据句中“they tied the seat belts together”可知，他们把安全带系在一起是为了够到孩子们。故选C。]
31．A．assist B．cheer
C．respond D．watch
A [根据下文“the group made combined efforts”可知，附近的邻居们也来到这里帮忙。故选A。]
32．A．protect B．tell
C．free D．tear
C [根据上文“The boy and the girl were struggling to hold onto a ________ to avoid being swept away．”可知，两个孩子之前挣扎着抓住一棵树，他们通过把安全带系在一起把男孩和女孩从树上解救出来。故选C。]
33．A．extended B．pushed
C．turned D．kicked
A [根据语境可知，他们制造了一条人链，把系好的皮带伸出去，把他们拉到安全的地方。故选A。]
34．A．proud B．appreciative
C．fond D．tired
B [根据下文“giving him a big hug”以及常识可知，孩子被营救出来，肯定心存感激。故选B。]
35．A．attitude B．description
C．action D．fortune
C [根据上文可知，爱德蒙和附近的邻居们共同努力将男孩和女孩从树上解救出来，所以这是一次救援行动。故选C。]
第二节
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I have been in Taiyuan，the provincial capital of Shanxi，for two years since I 36．________(admit) to a PhD program in Shanxi University as an international student from Bangladesh．
Over the two years，I found myself falling in love with Shanxi and China as I got more 37．______(absorb) in local lives and got more familiar 38．________ the city，the province and the country．I must admit that it's normal to feel lonely when 39．________(start) a new life in a new place．You have to adapt to everything—food，language and culture．40．________， my adaptation didn't take a long period of time．I have got used to eating noodles for breakfast and using online payment via my smartphone very quickly．After a while at the university，I didn't feel much pressure in my study．There is still enough spare time to allow me to visit various parts of Taiyuan and Shanxi and 41．________(make) friends with locals．
My favourite sport is cycling and I find China is very cyclist-friendly because it is 42．________(convenience) to hire bicycles in every city in the country．I like to cycle in the streets in Taiyuan and visit places 43．________ I meet randomly．The cycling tours helped to deepen my understanding of the city．
The city has a history of more than 2，500 years，the 44．________(long) among all cities in China．Plenty of well-preserved ancient structures，like the 45．________(temple) in Jinci，the double pagodas in Yongzuo Temple，are the material evidence to help you get a glimpse into what ancient China looked like．
I hope more international students come to study in Shanxi University and to live and work in China as the country is full of opportunities．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了来自孟加拉国的国际留学生在山西求学和生活的经历。
36．was admitted [考查谓语动词。句意：自从我作为一名来自孟加拉国的国际留学生被山西大学的博士班录取以来，我已经在山西省会太原待了两年了。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，动词admit和主语I之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态结构，be动词用was。故填was admitted。]
37．absorbed [考查词性转换。句意：在这两年里，我发现自己爱上了山西和中国，因为我专注于了解当地生活，对这个城市、这个省和这个国家也变得更熟悉了。分析句子结构和句意可知，这里考查形容词，作表语。be/get absorbed in意为“专注于……”。故填absorbed。]
38．with [考查固定短语。句意同上。分析句子结构和句意可知，这里考查固定短语be/get familiar with，意为“熟悉……”。故填with。]
39．starting [考查状语从句的省略。句意：我必须承认，当在一个新的地方开始新的生活时，感到孤独是很正常的。此处是when引导的状语从句的省略，当从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词，动词start是句子主语I主动发出的动作，二者是主动关系，完整从句为when I am starting a new life in a new place，省略了主语和be动词。故填starting。]
40．However [考查副词。句意：然而，我的适应没有花很长时间。分析句子结构和句意可知，上下文是转折关系，空格前后都有标点符号，用副词however，起过渡作用，句首单词首字母大写。故填However。]
41．to make [考查固定搭配。句意：还有足够的空闲时间让我可以参观太原和山西的各个地方，并与当地人交朋友。分析句子结构和句意可知，这里需要动词不定式结构和前面的to visit并列，构成固定短语allow sb．to do sth．，意为“允许某人做某事”。故填to make。]
42．convenient [考查词性转换。句意：我最喜欢的运动是骑自行车，我发现中国对骑自行车的人非常友好，因为在全国每个城市租用自行车都很方便。分析句子结构和句意可知，这里需要形容词，作表语，意为“方便的”。故填convenient。]
43．that/which [考查定语从句。句意：我喜欢在太原的街道上骑自行车，参观我随机遇到的地方。分析句子结构和句意可知，________ I meet randomly是限制性定语从句，先行词places在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。]
44．longest [考查形容词最高级。句意：这座城市有 2 500 多年的历史，是中国所有城市中最长的。分析句子结构和句意可知，空格前面有the，所以这里用最高级形式，表示“最长的”。故填longest。]
45．temples [考查名词复数。句意：大量保存完好的古代建筑
