单元素养评价(二)UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS
授课提示：对应单元素养评价卷9页
(满分150分，时间120分钟)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Which is the quickest way to the airport
A．By taxi. B．By bus.
C．By underground.
2．Where are the two speakers
A．In a restaurant. B．In a hotel.
C．In the street.
3．What can be concluded about Judy
A．Judy came to the party.
B．Judy planned the party.
C．Judy hasn't appeared yet.
4．Who will pay for the dinner
A．The woman. B．The man.
C．Both of them.
5．What is happening outside
A．It is raining slightly. B．It is raining heavily. C．It is shining.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6．How many bedrooms are there in the flat
A．One. B．Two. C．Four.
7．What will the woman do after the conversation
A．She'll see the flat herself.
B．She'll pay for the flat immediately.
C．She'll have to look for another flat.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What's the probable relationship between the two speakers
A．Teacher and student.
B．Doctor and patient.
C．Husband and wife.
9．Why does the woman think she is ill
A．She couldn't sleep at night.
B．She is tired in the daytime.
C．Both A and B.
10．What's the woman worried about
A．Her exams. B．Her work.
C．Her mother.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What did the man look like when the woman came so late
A．He was calm.
B．He was a bit angry.
C．He was pitiful.
12．What day was it when the story took place
A．It was Saturday. B．It was Sunday.
C．It was Thursday.
13．When should the appointment be
A．More than an hour ago.
B．Two hours ago.
C．Half an hour ago.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．What will the girl do during the winter
A．She won't go anywhere for no money.
B．She will have to stay at home to study English.
C．She will go to Egypt.
15．What do you suppose the boy's sister is
A．She is a passenger on the plane.
B．She is a queen.
C．She may be a stewardess.
16．What do you think of the girl's feeling
A．She was hurt by the boy's words.
B．The girl was happy.
C．The girl cared nothing.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Where does the speaker give the talk
A．On a bus. B．In a university.
C．At Bridgetown Castle.
18．How old is the Grange
A．125 years. B．200 years.
C．325 years.
19．How many points of interest has the speaker mentioned
A．2. B．3.
C．4.
20．What do we know about Sir Henry
A．He loved his young wife very much.
B．He died before the castle was finished.
C．He had the castle built in England.
听力材料
Text 1
W: How can I get to the airport
M: You can go there by underground，by bus or by taxi. The underground is the quickest，but the bus is the cheapest.
Text 2
W: Front desk. Can I help you
M: Yeah，hi，this is Room 327. Is your dining room still open
Text 3
W: I can't imagine what happened to Judy.
M: Neither can I. I'm sure she planned to come to the party.
Text 4
W: I'm so happy that you enjoyed the food.
M: Actually, you've ordered too much. We can't finish it all.
W: Never mind. This dinner is on me.
Text 5
W: Is it raining outside, Bob
M: Is it raining Can't you see that I'm almost wet to the skin
Text 6
M: Hello.
W: I'm calling to ask if you still have the flat.
M: Yes, we have.
W: That's a two-bedroom flat
M: That's right. It has two bedrooms, a kitchen, a living room and the living room can also act as a dining room.
W: How much for a month
M: It's 450 dollars a month.
W: Does that include the heat and electricity
M: No. You have to pay for them yourself.
W: I see. I hope that's the flat I want and I'll come to see the house myself.
Text 7
M: Now what's the matter with you
W: I felt very ill.
M: I'm sorry to hear that. Why do you think so
W: I felt tired in the daytime and clear-headed at night. And I have no desire to eat, even if the food is delicious.
M: Are you worried about anything
W: Yes, I'm very worried about the coming exams. If I fail, I can't win the scholarship.
M: I see. There's nothing seriously wrong with you. What you should do is not think too much and do more exercise.
W: Should I take some medicine
M: Yes，I'll give you some medicine to help you sleep.
Text 8
W: I'm terribly sorry I am late.
M: Oh, that's all right. It doesn't really matter, does it I haven't got anything better to do, have I
W: Just let me explain，will you
M: I have only been waiting for over an hour. That's all.
W: Yes. I know and I would have...
M: After all，my time isn't really that important, is it
W: Please don't be like that. Just let me explain. I．.. I tried to get here in time but just after I left home, the car broke down.
M: The car broke down
W: Yes, and... well... luckily... there was a garage near me. And... and it took them a while to repair it.
M: Which garage
W: The one near my flat, you know. Lewis Brothers. Well, let's have something to eat. What about some...
M: I know the garage very well!
W: Yes. Let's see now. Yes. I think I'll have some...
M: A pity. It's Sunday. The garage is closed on Sunday!
Text 9
M: How time flies! The winter holidays are coming next week.
W: Yes，do you have any plans
M: Certainly. I want to go to Egypt. What about you
W: I'm afraid I can go nowhere. I failed my English exam. You know my parents are so strict with me.
M: Bad luck!
W: I say, is Egypt an African country Is it far
M: Yes, it's in Africa and quite far. But it's not only the Pyramids that I want to see but the Aswan Dam.
W: You want to see the Aswan Dam
M: Of course. I'll go there by boat on the Nile.
W: That'll be wonderful and interesting. How will you get there
M: By air—by flight No. CA808. My sister works on it. And then I'll be treated as a king!
W: Don't be so proud. I'll be off now. I wish you a good trip.
M: Oh，sorry. I didn't mean that. I don't want to hurt you...
Text 10
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to our tour. Now we're on the way to some points of historical interest in the city. If you look out of the window on your right, you'll see the Grange, one of the oldest buildings in the city. It was built 200 years ago, and still has most of the old furniture. Perhaps the most interesting thing is that every Saturday afternoon, you can come and watch them bake bread the way it was done 200 years ago. On your left is a university building. This university building is just 125 years old. We'll be stopping in a quarter of an hour at Bridgetown Castle. It was built by Sir Henry Pellat for his young wife. He brought almost all of the building materials from England. Notice the beautiful glass windows. Unfortunately, Sir Henry's young wife became ill and died before the castle was completed. Sir Henry became so unhappy that he left the castle and returned to England. No family members have ever lived there.
答案：
1～5 CBCAB 6～10 BABCA
11～15 BBABC 16～20 AABBA
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
2024 Youth Design Challenge (YDC) saw remarkable participation from across the world. The winners have offered unique, nature-inspired ideas to solve local design challenges.
Green Buoy (浮标)
Oyster farming in South Korea is an industry that contributes to microplastic pollution in the ocean through the breakdown of buoys. Team Design Matter from Seoul created Green Buoy, which is made from a material that breaks down naturally, removing the risk of microplastic pollution and promoting sustainable marine farming. The team took inspiration from a water plant, mimicking its dome-shaped air pockets to provide buoyancy. They designed the buoy connector modules by studying the way that seahorses use their tails to hold firmly onto coral reefs.
The Beenard's Canopy
Access to clean and affordable drinking water is still not a universal reality, particularly in South Sudan. Team A Squared from Beijing designed the Beenard's Canopy. Inspired by the Namib Beetle, Moloch Lizard, and the Desert Rattlesnake, their device gathers the dew in the air, channels the collected water through a filter (过滤器) , and stores the water in a container for drinking purpose. The idea addresses the problem of lack of access to clean water by providing an economically practical solution.
Rain Net
In recent years, extreme weather has caused severe flooding in California, and yet, for most of this team's life, California has been in a drought. Addressing both problems at once, the team designed a rain catchment device, Rain Net. Inspired by how plants move water and the patterns of leaf veins, the Rain Net has got inspiration from the xylem (木质部) in plants, in its design of tubes that guide, collect, and filter rainwater. The invention could be adapted to fit various roofs and the design makes it possible to connect various “nets，” allowing for more than one drainage (排水) system.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了2024年青年设计挑战赛(YDC)的获奖者及其设计作品，这些作品通过模仿自然界的设计来解决当地的设计挑战。
21．What problem did Team Design Matter intend to solve
A．Coral reef damage.
B．Microplastic pollution.
C．Marine diversity loss.
D．Low oyster production.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据“Green Buoy (浮标)”中的“Oyster farming in South Korea is an industry that contributes to microplastic pollution in the ocean through the breakdown of buoys. Team Design Matter from Seoul created Green Buoy, which is made from a material that breaks down naturally, removing the risk of microplastic pollution and promoting sustainable marine farming.”可知，Team Design Matter的设计目的是解决微塑料污染问题。故选B。
22．What inspired the solution to urban flooding
A．Desert creatures.
B．The shapes of leaves.
C．Water movement in plants.
D．The network of plant roots.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据“Rain Net”中的“In recent years, extreme weather has caused severe flooding in California, and yet, for most of this team's life, California has been in a drought. Addressing both problems at once, the team designed a rain catchment device, Rain Net. Inspired by how plants move water and the patterns of leaf veins, the Rain Net has got inspiration from the xylem (木质部) in plants, in its design of tubes that guide, collect, and filter rainwater.”可知，Rain Net的设计灵感来源于植物中水的移动方式。故选C。
23．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To promote YDC program.
B．To introduce the 2024 YDC winners and their designs.
C．To advertise nature-inspired designs.
D．To explain the concept of biomimicry.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段“2024 Youth Design Challenge (YDC) saw remarkable participation from across the world. The winners have offered unique, nature-inspired ideas to solve local design challenges.”可知，本文的目的是介绍2024年青年设计挑战赛的获奖者及其设计作品。故选B。
B
When Charlotte Liebling was in college, she volunteered at a store that sold secondhand goods. She observed that people brought items to donate, including stuffed toys (毛绒玩具). Liebling could tell that the toys held great emotional value for their owners. So she felt sad when the toys were sold very cheaply, put in the dog-toy section, or thrown away.
One night, when Liebling got home from work, she started doing some research. She realized that it wasn't happening only in her town. Worldwide, she learned, millions of toys end up in landfills every year. “If we can change the view that the stuffed toys lose their value once they've been loved，” she recalls, “then we can show people that they have so much left in them, and give them to others.” That's how the Loved Before, a toy-adoption agency, began.
The process starts when someone donates a soft toy. The original owner writes down the name of the toy and a story about it. Liebling and her team believe that sharing what makes the toy unique helps potential new owners understand its value.
Next, the toy is cleaned, photographed, and packaged with its name and story. Every Monday, toys are posted for adoption on the Loved Before website. The company makes a charitable donation of at least half of the profit from the sale of each toy.
Since its creation in 2019, Loved Before has sold more than 50，000 stuffed toys. “But the company's goal is more than just trying to save some toys from landfills，” Liebling says. “We are trying to change people's views on a really wide level.” She explains that Loved Before hopes to teach kids “about the value of loving secondhand things again, in the hope that it will go far beyond the idea of teddy bears”. Loved Before is writing a new chapter in the life cycle of toys.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Charlotte Liebling创办了一个名为“Loved Before”的玩具领养机构，旨在改变人们对二手毛绒玩具的看法，并希望它们能够被重新赋予价值并传递给其他人。
24．Why did Liebling feel sad about secondhand stuffed toys as a volunteer
A．They were not appreciated.
B．They were priced quite high.
C．They had no emotional value.
D．Their owners couldn't find them.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“She observed that people brought items to donate, including stuffed toys (毛绒玩具). Liebling could tell that the toys held great emotional value for their owners. So she felt sad when the toys were sold very cheaply, put in the dog-toy section, or thrown away.”可知，作为志愿者的Liebling对二手毛绒玩具感到难过是因为它们没有得到赏识。故选A。
25．What does Liebling think is the key to saving used stuffed toys
A．Encouraging people to claim their lost toys.
B．Persuading the original owners to keep them.
C.Preventing them from being thrown into landfills.
D.Making people realize their value can be passed on.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“‘If we can change the view that the stuffed toys lose their value once they've been loved，’ she recalls, ‘then we can show people that they have so much left in them, and give them to others.’ That's how the Loved Before, a toy-adoption agency, began.”可知，Liebling认为拯救二手毛绒玩具的关键是让人们意识到它们的价值可以传递下去，而不是仅仅停留在被丢弃或填埋的层面。故选D。
26．How does Loved Before highlight its toys
A．By offering appealing discounts.
B．By including the toys' history.
C．By making up stories for them.
D．By changing the toys' appearance.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Next, the toy is cleaned, photographed, and packaged with its name and story. Every Monday, toys are posted for adoption on the Loved Before website.”可知， Loved Before通过展示玩具的历史和故事来突出其特色，让潜在的新主人了解这些玩具的独特之处和背后的故事。故选B。
27．Which of the following can best describe Liebling
A．Ambitious and critical.
B．Intelligent and firm.
C．Innovative and caring.
D．Adaptable and modest.
答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章内容，Charlotte Liebling观察到人们捐赠的物品，包括毛绒玩具，对它们的主人来说有很大的情感价值，但她发现这些玩具被卖得很便宜、放在狗玩具区或被扔掉时，她感到很难过。于是她决定采取行动，创办了Loved Before这个玩具领养机构，致力于改变人们对二手毛绒玩具的看法，并希望它们能够被重新赋予价值并传递给其他人。这表明Liebling是一个有创新精神和关心他人的人，因此C选项“Innovative and caring.”最能描述她。故选C。
C
Located at the western end of the Himalayas and the northern tip of Pakistan, the region of Gilgit-Baltistan is one of the world's most inaccessible natural places. It also has “an extraordinarily rich cultural landscape”， says Sam Dalrymple in Condé Nast Traveller, having often resisted conquest (征服) by neighbouring empires, while absorbing their influence over the thousands of years along with the other benefits of Silk Road trade. Known to ancient Chinese geographers as the Xizang of the Apricots, it is a splendid land of snow leopards and brown bears. It is dotted with old palaces and ancient temples. It has often been closed to outsiders in recent decades, but it is now open to visitors once more.
Many locals claim that their inclusive and open society of this region inspired the lost city of Shangri-La in James Hilton's popular 1933 novel Lost Horizon. The district of Hunza, for instance, is the best in education in Pakistan, with a relatively high level of women's empowerment. Indeed an all-female team of woodworkers and designers helped restore the Serena Altit Fort Residence, a 1，000-year-old building that is one of three beautiful palace hotels that belong to the Serena group in Gilgit-Baltistan. It overlooks the old walled city of Karimabad, Hunza's capital, in a beautiful valley where the fresh air is combined with the flavor of jasmine blossom (茉莉花) and most new houses are still built in the traditional, wooden-framed style.
Driving southwards past the city of Gilgit, you entered into the Indus Gorge and the green valleys give way to a “dry moonscape”. To the east lies Baltistan, a rough region where there are few smooth roads and an ancient language of Tibetan is spoken and yak (牦牛) meat is widely served. It is here that Serena's other two palace hotels are to be found, in Khaplu and Shigar, not far from K2, the world's second-highest peak.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了位于巴基斯坦的旅游胜地——吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦。
28．Which aspect of Gilgit-Baltistan is unmentioned in Paragraph 1
A．History. B．Location.
C．Industry. D．Landscape.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。通读第一段可知，第一段提到了吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦的位置、历史、地貌等，没有提到它的工业。故选C。
29．Why is Lost Horizon mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．To promote the book.
B．To prove an old legend.
C．To offer more background.
D．To express a sense of pride.
答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段首句中“Many locals claim that their inclusive and open society of this region inspired the lost city of Shangri-La in James Hilton's popular 1933 novel Lost Horizon.”可知，许多当地人在谈到 Lost Horizon 时认为，是他们的家乡给了这本小说灵感，话语里带着一种自豪。故选 D。
30．What does the last paragraph tell us about the Indus Gorge
A．It seldom rains.
B．It is green everywhere.
C．It features smooth roads.
D．It is to the north of Gilgit.
答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Driving southwards past the city of Gilgit, you entered into the Indus Gorge and the green valleys give way to a ‘dry moonscape’．”可知，印度河峡谷象月球一样干燥，说明这里不常下雨。故选 A。
31．In which section of the Internet can this text be found
A．Sports. B．Travel.
C．Science. D．History.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“Located at the western end of the Himalayas and the northern tip of Pakistan, the region of Gilgit-Baltistan is one of the world's most inaccessible natural places.”可知，介绍了位于巴基斯坦的旅游胜地——吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦。在互联网的旅游栏目里可以找到这篇文章。故选B。
D
A cohort is a group of people who share a particular characteristic. Typically, the shared characteristic is a life event that took place in a particular time period, like birth or high school graduation. Cohorts often consist of people who have experienced significant life events in the same period, such as starting college the same year or experiencing a natural disaster.
The impact of the characteristics of a cohort on the results of a research study is called a cohort effect. Cohort effects influence research results because the shared experiences of a cohort can impact research results. Once a research was done to see how easily people learned to play a mobile game featuring AI. The participants ranged from 20 to 80 years old. The finding showed that compared with the younger participants, the older participants had much more difficulty in learning how to play the game. However, the research finding could also be the result of cohort effects in that older participants would have far less exposure to mobile devices than younger participants, making it more difficult for them to learn how to play the new game. Thus, it is important to take cohort effects into account in research.
Cohort effects are a particular issue in studies that use cross-sectional (横断面) methods. In cross-sectional studies, researchers collect and compare data from participants in two or more age-related cohorts at a single point in time. Cross-sectional studies are more efficient but more likely to be affected by cohort effects.
Meanwhile, longitudinal (纵向) studies which collect data from the same participants over time, can better guard against cohort effects. These studies observe changes directly, and eliminate cohort effect concerns. However, they are costly and time-consuming.
In conclusion, understanding cohort effects is crucial for interpreting research findings accurately. While longitudinal studies offer a solution, their practical limitations leave cross sectional studies as the more common but potentially cohort-influenced method.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了群体效应对研究结果的影响。
32．What does a cohort typically feature
A．The same gender.
B．The identical college.
C．Some consistent ideal.
D．Some shared experience.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Cohorts often consist of people who have experienced significant life events in the same period, such as starting college the same year or experiencing a natural disaster.”和第二段中“Cohort effects influence research results because the shared experiences of a cohort can impact research results.”可知，同期组群具有一些共同的经历。故选D。
33．How does the author explain cohort effects in Paragraph 2
A．By conducting a research.
B．By presenting an example.
C．By proposing a suggestion.
D．By playing a mobile game.
答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“Once a research was done to see how easily people learned to play a mobile game featuring AI.... Thus, it is important to take cohort effects into account in research.”可知，作者通过呈现曾经的一个研究，即呈现曾经的一个研究例子来解释群体效应。故选B。
34．What does the underlined word “eliminate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Remove. B．Consider.
C．Raise. D．Increase.
答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“Meanwhile, longitudinal (纵向) studies which collect data from the same participants over time, can better guard against cohort effects.”和画线单词所在句中“These studies observe changes directly, and eliminate cohort effect concerns.”可知，纵向研究可以更好地防范队列效应，进而会消除人们对队列效应的担忧，由此可知，画线单词意为“消除”。故选A。
35．What is the text mainly about
A．Ways to improve cohort-influenced researches.
B.The development of science research methods.
C．The impact of cohort effects on research findings.
D．Comparisons of cross-sectional and longitudinal methods.
答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段解释了群体的特征，第二段指出群体效应会影响研究结果。第三段和第四段介绍了在横断面方法和纵向研究方法中群体效应的利弊。最后一段进行总结，了解群体效应对于准确解释研究结果至关重要。由此可知，文章主要介绍了群体效应对研究结果的影响。故选C。
第二节(共5小题； 每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文， 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It's believed that health and happiness are two basics that make up a good life. And the two turn out to be more closely related than we might think. The question of whether one causes the other or if the two are correlated is difficult to figure out. __36__
It's difficult to distinguish the relationship between health and happiness. __37__ Does dealing with a chronic (慢性的) illness consistently worsen mood Researchers try to answer these questions, but the relationship will always be challenging to say for certain.
Happiness is associated with a series of physical health benefits, such as lower blood pressure, reduced risk of heart disease, a stronger immune (免疫的) system, and even a longer life. Positive emotions are also linked to good health in older adults and a reduced risk of injury in young adults. __38__ People who report feeling a stronger sense of happiness and well-being live longer, on average, than those who report weaker feelings, and the effect exists for both men and women.
__39__ Some research suggests that when people take better care of themselves, they come to feel happier. Some research suggests that people who are healthier just have a more positive attitude to life and the world. Still another research suggests that an essential factor such as genetics or personality contributes to both.
Exercise stimulates the body to produce certain chemicals such as hormones (荷尔蒙). __40__ Exercise also shifts our focus away from current concerns and damaging self-talk and leads us to spend time outside or with others.
A．Do certain foods boost happiness
B．Does a happy person also have better health
C．Meanwhile, happiness is related with a longer life.
D．However, there's no doubt that a strong connection exists.
E．The exercise we do and the diseases we face all play a role.
F．There are various theories for why health may lead to happiness.
G．These chemicals are responsible for the feeling of a “runner's high”．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“健康和幸福之间的关系”这一主题展开，探讨了健康和幸福之间的密切联系。
36．答案：D
解析：根据上文“It's believed that health and happiness are two basics that make up a good life. And the two turn out to be more closely related than we might think. The question of whether one causes the other or if the two are correlated is difficult to figure out.”可知，上文提及健康和幸福之间关系的复杂性。选项D明确指出了健康和幸福之间存在紧密联系，为后文提供了基调。故选D。
37．答案：B
解析：根据空前内容“It's difficult to distinguish the relationship between health and happiness.”可知，健康和幸福之间的关系很难区分。选项B与空后的“Does dealing with a chronic(慢性的)illness consistently worsen mood？(慢性疾病会持续恶化情绪吗？)”共同提出了一个关于幸福和健康之间关系的疑问，即幸福的人是否也有更好的健康。故选B。
38．答案：C
解析：根据上文内容“Happiness is associated with a series of physical health benefits, such as lower blood pressure, reduced risk of heart disease, a stronger immune (免疫的) system, and even a longer life. Positive emotions are also linked to good health in older adults and a reduced risk of injury in young adults.”可知，上文提到的是幸福带来的好处。选项C延续上文内容，指的仍是幸福的好处。故选C。
39．答案：F
解析：空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“Some research suggests that when people take better care of themselves, they come to feel happier. Some research suggests that people who are healthier just have a more positive attitude to life and the world. Still another research suggests that an essential factor such as genetics or personality contributes to both.”可知，下文讲述的是关于幸福和健康之间联系的不同研究结果。选项F明确指出了后文将要探讨的内容，即健康导致幸福的不同理论。故选F。
40．答案：G
解析：根据空前内容“Exercise stimulates the body to produce certain chemicals such as hormones(荷尔蒙).”可知，上文提到运动会让身体产生一些化学物质。选项G自然延续上文内容，提出这些化学物质是产生“跑步者兴奋感”的原因。故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was lucky enough to have a lot of great teachers, but one in particular __41__ the person I am today: Lin Robbins.
Miss Robbins' enthusiasm was infectious. From the first day of class, she was always smiling and had limitless __42__. In her class, she was no taskmaster and there was no tough love, just __43__ about what she could teach us. But it never felt like she was teaching, it was as if she wanted to __44__ this really cool thing with you.
One day Miss Robbins gave me a copy of The Catcher In The Rye. I couldn't tell what Miss Robbins __45__ in me—why I was given extra __46__ and care. But looking back, I know it's __47__ that I was the only one. She had a library at the back of her classroom with a(n) __48__ policy around borrowing books. She wasn't shy about sharing her passion for __49__. She just gave it to me and said, “I think you'll really __50__ it.” It turned out that she was __51__. There was something about the leading character of the novel that I immediately connected with.
This __52__ inspired me to start writing, and I haven't __53__ since. Tough as it is, I know I have to keep writing. And I also know who I'm __54__ on any podium (领奖台). Miss Robbins. I'm grateful that she saw whatever it is she saw in me, and that she gave me the __55__ I needed to become a writer.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对一位名叫Lin Robbins的老师的感激之情。这位老师的热情和教学方式深深影响了作者，尤其是她送给作者一本《麦田里的守望者》的书，激发了作者开始写作并持续至今。作者表达了对这位老师的深深感激，认为她是自己成为作家的重要推动力。
41．A.changed B．shaped
C．respected D．trusted
答案：B
解析：句意：我很幸运有很多伟大的老师，但有一位特别塑造了今天的我：Lin Robbins。根据下文“the person I am today”可知，是老师塑造了如今的自己。故选B。
42．A.creativity B．energy
C．devotion D．knowledge
答案：B
解析：句意：从第一天上课开始，她就面带微笑，精力充沛。根据上文“Miss Robbins' enthusiasm was infectious.”可知，Miss Robbins很有热情，所以此处是说她从第一天上课就精力充沛。故选B。
43．A.excitement B．confusion
C．anxiety D．confidence
答案：A
解析：句意：在她的课堂上，她没有严厉的管教，也没有严厉的爱，只是对她能教给我们的东西感到兴奋。根据上文“Miss Robbins' enthusiasm was infectious.”和下文“about what she could teach us”可知，Miss Robbins很有热情，所以对能给学生教的东西感到兴奋。故选A。
44．A.check B．recall
C．share D．exchange
答案：C
解析：句意：但她从来都不像是在教学，而是想和你分享这个很酷的东西。根据下文“this really cool thing with you”可知，Miss Robbins和学生分享很酷的东西。故选C。
45．A.wanted B．built
C．saw D．awoke
答案：C
解析：句意：我不知道Miss Robbins看中了我什么——为什么她对我格外关注和照顾。根据上文“Miss Robbins gave me a copy of The Catcher In The Rye”可知，Miss Robbins对作者有额外的关心，作者不知道老师是在作者身上看到了什么，空格处意为“看见”，最后一段“I'm grateful that she saw whatever it is she saw in me”也是提示。故选C。
46．A.attention B．patience
C．sympathy D．comfort
答案：A
解析：句意：我不知道Miss Robbins看中了我什么——为什么她对我格外关注和照顾。根据上文“Miss Robbins gave me a copy of The Catcher In The Rye”可知，老师对作者有额外的关注，所以给了作者一本书。故选A。
47．A.impossible B．unbelievable
C．strange D．surprising
答案：A
解析：句意：但回想起来，我知道我不可能是唯一一个。根据下文“She had a library at the back of her classroom with a(n) __48__ policy around borrowing books.”可知，作者觉得老师有借书的政策，所以自己不是唯一一个得到老师的书的人，因此空格处是“不可能的”。故选A。
48．A.open B．famous
C．sound D．informal
答案：A
解析：句意：她的教室后面有一个图书馆，对借书实行开放政策。根据上文“She had a library at the back of her classroom”可知，老师在教室后面有个图书馆，所以借书的政策应该是对学生开放的。故选A。
49．A.teaching B．writing
C．science D．literature
答案：D
解析：句意：她勇于分享她对文学的热爱。根据上文“One day Miss Robbins gave me a copy of The Catcher In The Rye”可知，老师是分享自己对文学的热爱。故选D。
50．A.notice B．deserve
C．like D．make
答案：C
解析：根据下文“There was something about the leading character of the novel that I immediately connected with.”可知，老师猜作者会喜欢这本书。故选C。
51．A.right B．proud
C．honest D．kind
答案：A
解析：根据下文“There was something about the leading character of the novel that I immediately connected with.”可知，小说的主人公身上有某种东西让作者立刻产生了共鸣，所以老师对作者喜欢这本书的猜测是对的。故选A。
52．A.gift B．love
C．story D．connection
答案：D
解析：句意：这种联系激发了我开始写作，从那以后我就没有停止过。根据上文“There was something about the leading character of the novel that I immediately connected with.”可知，小说的主人公身上有某种东西让作者立刻产生了共鸣，这种共鸣和联系激发了作者开始写作。故选D。
53．A.stopped B．won
C．tried D．practiced
答案：A
解析：句意：这种联系激发了我开始写作，从那以后我就没有停止过。根据下文“keep writing”可知，作者没有停止过。故选A。
54．A.missing B．thanking
C．helping D．contacting
答案：B
解析：句意：我也知道在任何讲台上我都要感谢谁。根据下文“on any podium”和“I'm grateful that she saw whatever it is she saw in me”可知，作者得奖了，所以在领奖台上知道自己该感谢Miss Robbins。故选B。
55．A.nudge B．pressure
C．chance D．method
答案：A
解析：句意：我很感激她看到了我身上的优点，她给了我成为作家所需的推动力。根据上文“This __52__ inspired me to start writing”可知，Miss Robbins给作者的一本书让作者和小说的主人公身上的某种东西产生了联系，正是这种联系激发了作者开始写作，也就是老师对作者开始写作起到了一定的推动的作用，因此空格处是“推动”。故选A。
第二节(共10小题； 每小题1.5分， 满分15分)
阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Located in the Beixiangfeng Hutong nearby Qianmen Avenue, the over 20-year-old restaurant truly explains the old saying “good wine needs no bush”. Liqun Roast Duck 56.________ (receive) many foreign leaders, 57.________ can be seen from photos in the restaurant.
In the hole-in-the-wall restaurant, group photos of chefs and foreign leaders 58.________ (hang) on the walls on both sides of a narrow passage. After turning left and then right along the passage, you will arrive at a modest quadrangle (方院) with 59.________ (elegance) rooms for guests 60.________ (enjoy) meals. As there's no table 61.________ (reserve) in advance, you can choose your seat at will.
Roast duck is of course the must-order dish, and mixed vegetable salad can help to cleanse the smell of duck meat. In a short ten minutes 62.________ your order has been taken, well-sliced roast duck will be presented on your table. Pancakes are offered with moderate thickness, soybean paste (甜酱) is fragrant but not too sweet, 63.________ duck meat is fat but not greasy (油腻的), with crisp skins.
However, duck feet with mustard, shall be one of the most surprising 64.________ (dish). The duck feet are put in vinegar beforehand, with bones removed. With mustard, it tastes fresh and 65.________ (flavor) especially in the summer.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京利群烤鸭店和它的烤鸭。
56．答案：has received
解析：句意：从店内的照片可以看出，利群烤鸭店接待过许多外国领导人。receive是主句中谓语动词，与主语Liqun Roast Duck之间是主动关系，结合句意，表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时态。故填has received。
57．答案：which
解析：句意：从店内的照片可以看出，利群烤鸭店接待过许多外国领导人。空格后为非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。故填which。
58．答案：are hanging
解析：句意：在这家狭小的餐厅里，一条狭窄通道两侧的墙上挂着厨师和外国领导人的合影。hang(挂)是句中谓语动词，与主语photos之间是主动关系，表示现在状态，描述目前的情况，应使用现在进行时态。故填are hanging。
59．答案：elegant
解析：句意：沿着通道左转右转，你会到达一个朴素的四合院，里面有优雅的房间供客人用餐。提示词作定语修饰名词rooms，用形容词elegant，其意为“优雅的”。 故填elegant。
60．答案：to enjoy
解析：“for guests ________ (enjoy) meals”作后置定语修饰名词rooms。故填to enjoy。
61．答案：reserved
解析：句意：由于没有提前预定座位服务，您可以随意选择座位。“(reserve) in advance”作后置定语修饰名词table，与其逻辑主语table之间是被动关系。故填reserved。
62．答案：after
解析：句意：在您点餐后的短短十分钟内，切好的烤鸭就会出现在您的餐桌上。根据句意，“well-sliced roast duck will be presented on your table”发生在“your order has been taken”之后，用连词after引导时间状语从句。故填after。
63．答案：and
解析：句意：煎饼厚度适中，豆瓣酱香而不甜，鸭肉肥而不腻，皮脆。根据句意，“soybean paste (甜酱) is fragrant but not too sweet”和“duck meat is fat but not greasy”是并列关系。故填and。
64．答案：dishes
解析：句意：然而，芥末鸭脚，应该是最令人惊讶的菜肴之一。“one of＋复数名词”是固定短语，意为“……之一”。 故填dishes。
65．答案：favored
解析：句意：配上芥末，味道清新有风味，尤其是在夏天。提示词与形容词fresh是并列关系，用同根形容词flavored作表语，意为“风味的”。故填favored。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华。你的美国朋友Selena发来电子邮件，说暑期要来中国旅游，让你推荐一个地方。请你用英语给她写一封回复邮件，内容包括：
1．推荐的地方；
2．简要介绍；
3．推荐理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Selena，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear Selena，
How is everything going I am glad to hear that you are planning to travel around China during the summer vacation. I'd like to invite you to my hometown Fujian for a visit.
Fujian lies in the southeast of China with Fuzhou as its capital city. It has a population of over 38 million. Because of the nice environment, it's known as Refreshing Fujian. It attracts millions of tourists from home and abroad. If you come, you can enjoy fresh air, blue sky as well as beautiful mountains and clear rivers. Many famous places of interest like Mount Wuyi and Gulang Island are well worth visiting. Besides, you can taste various kinds of delicious food.
I'm looking forward to meeting you!
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Eleven-year-old Jack was selling balloons in a park one day over a long holiday weekend when he stepped upon a wallet. After picking it up, he searched the wallet to identify the owner and found some $100 notes, some loose change and a key card inside. He didn't hesitate to do the right thing: according to the sign on the key card, he found where the owner lived.
Seventeen-year-old Chase had lost his wallet earlier that day while out fishing with his friends. He had searched and searched, but in vain. Eventually, Chase returned home and found his wallet sent back in the gate house of the community. But the one who sent the wallet had left without leaving his name or address.When the family were talking about the story later that day, they decided that they wanted to do something to pay back the finder's kindness. But what could they do They didn't know who the finder was, not to mention his address. Could they find him
It was when they were at a loss that a good idea occurred to Chase's mother, Michelle: they could check the monitor recording of the gate house. Luckily, they got a picture of the boy. She quickly made a Facebook post using the photo, describing the boy's honest act and expressing how the family were hoping to meet him to convey their thanks in person.
In no time at all, some people in the community recognised Jack and informed Michelle. When Michelle and her family got contact with Jack, they were surprised to learn just what Jack's family had been going through.
Jack's father had recently recovered from a disease but was still suffering from the after effects. He had difficulty breathing and wasn't allowed to return to his job at a meat packing plant. So that was the reason why the boy had to sell balloons to help support the family.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Chase and his mother decided to help.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The response online was great._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Chase and his mother decided to help. Originally, they wanted to give a reward to the boy who demonstrated his integrity even when he was in such a great need of money, but now they thought Jack and his family needed more help. They mapped out a strategy. It was the Internet that helped them quickly find Jack, so they turned to the Facebook again. They posted photos of Jack's selling balloons, his story of returning the wallet and his family's suffering on the Internet, appealing to people to help.
The response online was great. The support came rolling in, quicker and in greater quantities than expected! Jack's story went viral. People living in the city visited the park where Jack sold balloons, and happily bought one or two. Besides, a store owner nearby offered an easy job to Jack's father. The kind man said he was impressed by Jack. “Nothing could be shinier than an honest heart and duty for the family for a child，” he added. Indeed, an honest heart deserved all the best things in the world.
【导语】 本文以人物为线索展开，文章讲述了杰克在卖气球的时候捡到了一个钱包，他选择了归还钱包。钱包的主人也找到了杰克，得知杰克的父亲刚从一场疾病中恢复过来，但仍然受到后遗症的折磨，于是他们选择帮助这一家人。
【详解】 1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“蔡斯和他妈妈决定帮忙”可知，第一段可描写蔡斯和妈妈帮助杰克一家人的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“网上的反响很好”可知，第二段可描写杰克一家得到帮助，十分感激。
2．续写线索：
决定帮忙——在网上发布求助——得到帮助——杰克一家感谢——感悟单元素养评价(二)UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS
授课提示：对应单元素养评价卷9页
(满分150分，时间120分钟)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Which is the quickest way to the airport
A．By taxi. B．By bus.
C．By underground.
2．Where are the two speakers
A．In a restaurant. B．In a hotel.
C．In the street.
3．What can be concluded about Judy
A．Judy came to the party.
B．Judy planned the party.
C．Judy hasn't appeared yet.
4．Who will pay for the dinner
A．The woman. B．The man.
C．Both of them.
5．What is happening outside
A．It is raining slightly. B．It is raining heavily. C．It is shining.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6．How many bedrooms are there in the flat
A．One. B．Two. C．Four.
7．What will the woman do after the conversation
A．She'll see the flat herself.
B．She'll pay for the flat immediately.
C．She'll have to look for another flat.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What's the probable relationship between the two speakers
A．Teacher and student.
B．Doctor and patient.
C．Husband and wife.
9．Why does the woman think she is ill
A．She couldn't sleep at night.
B．She is tired in the daytime.
C．Both A and B.
10．What's the woman worried about
A．Her exams. B．Her work.
C．Her mother.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What did the man look like when the woman came so late
A．He was calm.
B．He was a bit angry.
C．He was pitiful.
12．What day was it when the story took place
A．It was Saturday. B．It was Sunday.
C．It was Thursday.
13．When should the appointment be
A．More than an hour ago.
B．Two hours ago.
C．Half an hour ago.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14．What will the girl do during the winter
A．She won't go anywhere for no money.
B．She will have to stay at home to study English.
C．She will go to Egypt.
15．What do you suppose the boy's sister is
A．She is a passenger on the plane.
B．She is a queen.
C．She may be a stewardess.
16．What do you think of the girl's feeling
A．She was hurt by the boy's words.
B．The girl was happy.
C．The girl cared nothing.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．Where does the speaker give the talk
A．On a bus. B．In a university.
C．At Bridgetown Castle.
18．How old is the Grange
A．125 years. B．200 years.
C．325 years.
19．How many points of interest has the speaker mentioned
A．2. B．3.
C．4.
20．What do we know about Sir Henry
A．He loved his young wife very much.
B．He died before the castle was finished.
C．He had the castle built in England.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
2024 Youth Design Challenge (YDC) saw remarkable participation from across the world. The winners have offered unique, nature-inspired ideas to solve local design challenges.
Green Buoy (浮标)
Oyster farming in South Korea is an industry that contributes to microplastic pollution in the ocean through the breakdown of buoys. Team Design Matter from Seoul created Green Buoy, which is made from a material that breaks down naturally, removing the risk of microplastic pollution and promoting sustainable marine farming. The team took inspiration from a water plant, mimicking its dome-shaped air pockets to provide buoyancy. They designed the buoy connector modules by studying the way that seahorses use their tails to hold firmly onto coral reefs.
The Beenard's Canopy
Access to clean and affordable drinking water is still not a universal reality, particularly in South Sudan. Team A Squared from Beijing designed the Beenard's Canopy. Inspired by the Namib Beetle, Moloch Lizard, and the Desert Rattlesnake, their device gathers the dew in the air, channels the collected water through a filter (过滤器) , and stores the water in a container for drinking purpose. The idea addresses the problem of lack of access to clean water by providing an economically practical solution.
Rain Net
In recent years, extreme weather has caused severe flooding in California, and yet, for most of this team's life, California has been in a drought. Addressing both problems at once, the team designed a rain catchment device, Rain Net. Inspired by how plants move water and the patterns of leaf veins, the Rain Net has got inspiration from the xylem (木质部) in plants, in its design of tubes that guide, collect, and filter rainwater. The invention could be adapted to fit various roofs and the design makes it possible to connect various “nets，” allowing for more than one drainage (排水) system.
21．What problem did Team Design Matter intend to solve
A．Coral reef damage.
B．Microplastic pollution.
C．Marine diversity loss.
D．Low oyster production.
22．What inspired the solution to urban flooding
A．Desert creatures.
B．The shapes of leaves.
C．Water movement in plants.
D．The network of plant roots.
23．What is the purpose of the passage
A．To promote YDC program.
B．To introduce the 2024 YDC winners and their designs.
C．To advertise nature-inspired designs.
D．To explain the concept of biomimicry.
B
When Charlotte Liebling was in college, she volunteered at a store that sold secondhand goods. She observed that people brought items to donate, including stuffed toys (毛绒玩具). Liebling could tell that the toys held great emotional value for their owners. So she felt sad when the toys were sold very cheaply, put in the dog-toy section, or thrown away.
One night, when Liebling got home from work, she started doing some research. She realized that it wasn't happening only in her town. Worldwide, she learned, millions of toys end up in landfills every year. “If we can change the view that the stuffed toys lose their value once they've been loved，” she recalls, “then we can show people that they have so much left in them, and give them to others.” That's how the Loved Before, a toy-adoption agency, began.
The process starts when someone donates a soft toy. The original owner writes down the name of the toy and a story about it. Liebling and her team believe that sharing what makes the toy unique helps potential new owners understand its value.
Next, the toy is cleaned, photographed, and packaged with its name and story. Every Monday, toys are posted for adoption on the Loved Before website. The company makes a charitable donation of at least half of the profit from the sale of each toy.
Since its creation in 2019, Loved Before has sold more than 50，000 stuffed toys. “But the company's goal is more than just trying to save some toys from landfills，” Liebling says. “We are trying to change people's views on a really wide level.” She explains that Loved Before hopes to teach kids “about the value of loving secondhand things again, in the hope that it will go far beyond the idea of teddy bears”. Loved Before is writing a new chapter in the life cycle of toys.
24．Why did Liebling feel sad about secondhand stuffed toys as a volunteer
A．They were not appreciated.
B．They were priced quite high.
C．They had no emotional value.
D．Their owners couldn't find them.
25．What does Liebling think is the key to saving used stuffed toys
A．Encouraging people to claim their lost toys.
B．Persuading the original owners to keep them.
C.Preventing them from being thrown into landfills.
D.Making people realize their value can be passed on.
26．How does Loved Before highlight its toys
A．By offering appealing discounts.
B．By including the toys' history.
C．By making up stories for them.
D．By changing the toys' appearance.
27．Which of the following can best describe Liebling
A．Ambitious and critical.
B．Intelligent and firm.
C．Innovative and caring.
D．Adaptable and modest.
C
Located at the western end of the Himalayas and the northern tip of Pakistan, the region of Gilgit-Baltistan is one of the world's most inaccessible natural places. It also has “an extraordinarily rich cultural landscape”， says Sam Dalrymple in Condé Nast Traveller, having often resisted conquest (征服) by neighbouring empires, while absorbing their influence over the thousands of years along with the other benefits of Silk Road trade. Known to ancient Chinese geographers as the Xizang of the Apricots, it is a splendid land of snow leopards and brown bears. It is dotted with old palaces and ancient temples. It has often been closed to outsiders in recent decades, but it is now open to visitors once more.
Many locals claim that their inclusive and open society of this region inspired the lost city of Shangri-La in James Hilton's popular 1933 novel Lost Horizon. The district of Hunza, for instance, is the best in education in Pakistan, with a relatively high level of women's empowerment. Indeed an all-female team of woodworkers and designers helped restore the Serena Altit Fort Residence, a 1，000-year-old building that is one of three beautiful palace hotels that belong to the Serena group in Gilgit-Baltistan. It overlooks the old walled city of Karimabad, Hunza's capital, in a beautiful valley where the fresh air is combined with the flavor of jasmine blossom (茉莉花) and most new houses are still built in the traditional, wooden-framed style.
Driving southwards past the city of Gilgit, you entered into the Indus Gorge and the green valleys give way to a “dry moonscape”. To the east lies Baltistan, a rough region where there are few smooth roads and an ancient language of Tibetan is spoken and yak (牦牛) meat is widely served. It is here that Serena's other two palace hotels are to be found, in Khaplu and Shigar, not far from K2, the world's second-highest peak.
28．Which aspect of Gilgit-Baltistan is unmentioned in Paragraph 1
A．History. B．Location.
C．Industry. D．Landscape.
29．Why is Lost Horizon mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．To promote the book.
B．To prove an old legend.
C．To offer more background.
D．To express a sense of pride.
30．What does the last paragraph tell us about the Indus Gorge
A．It seldom rains.
B．It is green everywhere.
C．It features smooth roads.
D．It is to the north of Gilgit.
31．In which section of the Internet can this text be found
A．Sports. B．Travel.
C．Science. D．History.
D
A cohort is a group of people who share a particular characteristic. Typically, the shared characteristic is a life event that took place in a particular time period, like birth or high school graduation. Cohorts often consist of people who have experienced significant life events in the same period, such as starting college the same year or experiencing a natural disaster.
The impact of the characteristics of a cohort on the results of a research study is called a cohort effect. Cohort effects influence research results because the shared experiences of a cohort can impact research results. Once a research was done to see how easily people learned to play a mobile game featuring AI. The participants ranged from 20 to 80 years old. The finding showed that compared with the younger participants, the older participants had much more difficulty in learning how to play the game. However, the research finding could also be the result of cohort effects in that older participants would have far less exposure to mobile devices than younger participants, making it more difficult for them to learn how to play the new game. Thus, it is important to take cohort effects into account in research.
Cohort effects are a particular issue in studies that use cross-sectional (横断面) methods. In cross-sectional studies, researchers collect and compare data from participants in two or more age-related cohorts at a single point in time. Cross-sectional studies are more efficient but more likely to be affected by cohort effects.
Meanwhile, longitudinal (纵向) studies which collect data from the same participants over time, can better guard against cohort effects. These studies observe changes directly, and eliminate cohort effect concerns. However, they are costly and time-consuming.
In conclusion, understanding cohort effects is crucial for interpreting research findings accurately. While longitudinal studies offer a solution, their practical limitations leave cross sectional studies as the more common but potentially cohort-influenced method.
32．What does a cohort typically feature
A．The same gender.
B．The identical college.
C．Some consistent ideal.
D．Some shared experience.
33．How does the author explain cohort effects in Paragraph 2
A．By conducting a research.
B．By presenting an example.
C．By proposing a suggestion.
D．By playing a mobile game.
34．What does the underlined word “eliminate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Remove. B．Consider.
C．Raise. D．Increase.
35．What is the text mainly about
A．Ways to improve cohort-influenced researches.
B.The development of science research methods.
C．The impact of cohort effects on research findings.
D．Comparisons of cross-sectional and longitudinal methods.
第二节(共5小题； 每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文， 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It's believed that health and happiness are two basics that make up a good life. And the two turn out to be more closely related than we might think. The question of whether one causes the other or if the two are correlated is difficult to figure out. __36__
It's difficult to distinguish the relationship between health and happiness. __37__ Does dealing with a chronic (慢性的) illness consistently worsen mood Researchers try to answer these questions, but the relationship will always be challenging to say for certain.
Happiness is associated with a series of physical health benefits, such as lower blood pressure, reduced risk of heart disease, a stronger immune (免疫的) system, and even a longer life. Positive emotions are also linked to good health in older adults and a reduced risk of injury in young adults. __38__ People who report feeling a stronger sense of happiness and well-being live longer, on average, than those who report weaker feelings, and the effect exists for both men and women.
__39__ Some research suggests that when people take better care of themselves, they come to feel happier. Some research suggests that people who are healthier just have a more positive attitude to life and the world. Still another research suggests that an essential factor such as genetics or personality contributes to both.
Exercise stimulates the body to produce certain chemicals such as hormones (荷尔蒙). __40__ Exercise also shifts our focus away from current concerns and damaging self-talk and leads us to spend time outside or with others.
A．Do certain foods boost happiness
B．Does a happy person also have better health
C．Meanwhile, happiness is related with a longer life.
D．However, there's no doubt that a strong connection exists.
E．The exercise we do and the diseases we face all play a role.
F．There are various theories for why health may lead to happiness.
G．These chemicals are responsible for the feeling of a “runner's high”．
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was lucky enough to have a lot of great teachers, but one in particular __41__ the person I am today: Lin Robbins.
Miss Robbins' enthusiasm was infectious. From the first day of class, she was always smiling and had limitless __42__. In her class, she was no taskmaster and there was no tough love, just __43__ about what she could teach us. But it never felt like she was teaching, it was as if she wanted to __44__ this really cool thing with you.
One day Miss Robbins gave me a copy of The Catcher In The Rye. I couldn't tell what Miss Robbins __45__ in me—why I was given extra __46__ and care. But looking back, I know it's __47__ that I was the only one. She had a library at the back of her classroom with a(n) __48__ policy around borrowing books. She wasn't shy about sharing her passion for __49__. She just gave it to me and said, “I think you'll really __50__ it.” It turned out that she was __51__. There was something about the leading character of the novel that I immediately connected with.
This __52__ inspired me to start writing, and I haven't __53__ since. Tough as it is, I know I have to keep writing. And I also know who I'm __54__ on any podium (领奖台). Miss Robbins. I'm grateful that she saw whatever it is she saw in me, and that she gave me the __55__ I needed to become a writer.
41．A.changed B．shaped
C．respected D．trusted
42．A.creativity B．energy
C．devotion D．knowledge
43．A.excitement B．confusion
C．anxiety D．confidence
44．A.check B．recall
C．share D．exchange
45．A.wanted B．built
C．saw D．awoke
46．A.attention B．patience
C．sympathy D．comfort
47．A.impossible B．unbelievable
C．strange D．surprising
48．A.open B．famous
C．sound D．informal
49．A.teaching B．writing
C．science D．literature
50．A.notice B．deserve
C．like D．make
51．A.right B．proud
C．honest D．kind
52．A.gift B．love
C．story D．connection
53．A.stopped B．won
C．tried D．practiced
54．A.missing B．thanking
C．helping D．contacting
55．A.nudge B．pressure
C．chance D．method
第二节(共10小题； 每小题1.5分， 满分15分)
阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Located in the Beixiangfeng Hutong nearby Qianmen Avenue, the over 20-year-old restaurant truly explains the old saying “good wine needs no bush”. Liqun Roast Duck 56.________ (receive) many foreign leaders, 57.________ can be seen from photos in the restaurant.
In the hole-in-the-wall restaurant, group photos of chefs and foreign leaders 58.________ (hang) on the walls on both sides of a narrow passage. After turning left and then right along the passage, you will arrive at a modest quadrangle (方院) with 59.________ (elegance) rooms for guests 60.________ (enjoy) meals. As there's no table 61.________ (reserve) in advance, you can choose your seat at will.
Roast duck is of course the must-order dish, and mixed vegetable salad can help to cleanse the smell of duck meat. In a short ten minutes 62.________ your order has been taken, well-sliced roast duck will be presented on your table. Pancakes are offered with moderate thickness, soybean paste (甜酱) is fragrant but not too sweet, 63.________ duck meat is fat but not greasy (油腻的), with crisp skins.
However, duck feet with mustard, shall be one of the most surprising 64.________ (dish). The duck feet are put in vinegar beforehand, with bones removed. With mustard, it tastes fresh and 65.________ (flavor) especially in the summer.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华。你的美国朋友Selena发来电子邮件，说暑期要来中国旅游，让你推荐一个地方。请你用英语给她写一封回复邮件，内容包括：
1．推荐的地方；
2．简要介绍；
3．推荐理由。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Selena，
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Eleven-year-old Jack was selling balloons in a park one day over a long holiday weekend when he stepped upon a wallet. After picking it up, he searched the wallet to identify the owner and found some $100 notes, some loose change and a key card inside. He didn't hesitate to do the right thing: according to the sign on the key card, he found where the owner lived.
Seventeen-year-old Chase had lost his wallet earlier that day while out fishing with his friends. He had searched and searched, but in vain. Eventually, Chase returned home and found his wallet sent back in the gate house of the community. But the one who sent the wallet had left without leaving his name or address.When the family were talking about the story later that day, they decided that they wanted to do something to pay back the finder's kindness. But what could they do They didn't know who the finder was, not to mention his address. Could they find him
It was when they were at a loss that a good idea occurred to Chase's mother, Michelle: they could check the monitor recording of the gate house. Luckily, they got a picture of the boy. She quickly made a Facebook post using the photo, describing the boy's honest act and expressing how the family were hoping to meet him to convey their thanks in person.
In no time at all, some people in the community recognised Jack and informed Michelle. When Michelle and her family got contact with Jack, they were surprised to learn just what Jack's family had been going through.
Jack's father had recently recovered from a disease but was still suffering from the after effects. He had difficulty breathing and wasn't allowed to return to his job at a meat packing plant. So that was the reason why the boy had to sell balloons to help support the family.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Chase and his mother decided to help.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The response online was great._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
