期中复习之七选五15篇
(江苏期中真题)
基础语篇巩固练
（23-24高一下·江苏连云港·期中）Do you really need a new phone every 2 years
If you’re looking to replace or upgrade your smartphone in the coming year, think it over. 1 Do you simply have the desire to get the new, shiny tech There are some issues to consider besides the new device’s affordability.
Our desire to always have the newest smartphone comes at a high environmental cost. According to Swappie, which repairs and resells iPhones, 1.4 billion new smartphones forecast to be shipped this year will generate 146 million tons of planet-warming emissions. 2
What can you do
Resist the desire to upgrade. If your phone still works, get as much life as you can out of it. “The greenest smart-phone is the one you already own,” Stratton said.
Get it fixed. If your phone breaks, get it repaired directly by the manufacturer or take it to a store to repair your phone brand. 3
Sell it instead of throwing it. You can sell your used smartphone to specialized repairing companies like Swappie to give it a second life. 4 This is because of the materials used to produce them.
5 If your phone is completely broken and cannot be sold, you can still recycle it. You just need to do a little bit of research into how and where to correctly recycle it.
A．Make it functioned.
B．Recycle it properly.
C．Do you really need a new phone
D．Broken phones can still be valuable.
E．Where can you get a new smartphone
F．83% of them come from producing, shipping and first-year usage.
G．A broken or out-of-order phone can often be fixed through easy repairs.
（23-24高一下·江苏镇江·期中）In many ways, life has become far more comfortable and convenient in the past few decades. 1 Here, we look at three of the most serious environmental problems we are currently facing.
Air Pollution
The main cause of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels by vehicles and power plants. Other human activities, such as construction and the burning of waste, also contribute to air pollution. The effects on our health can be very serious.
You can easily contribute to reducing air pollution by only using a car to make journeys when it’s absolutely necessary. 2
Global Warming
Global warming is the increase in the temperature of the Earth’s near-surface air and oceans. It’s caused by the build-up of carbon dioxide and other pollutants in the atmosphere. These trap the Sun’s heat and warm up the planet.
Global warming has already caused a wide range of problems. 3 Countries around the world have faced extreme weather conditions, such as hurricanes, floods and heat waves.
Overflowing Landfills
Landfills are used for waste disposal (处理) in many countries around the world. However, these landfills are now nearing their limit. When this happens, the chances of dangerous chemicals in the waste entering our water supply increase.
The amount of waste in landfills in China has risen sharply over the last ten years. 4 Some cities, such as Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai, among others, are leading the way and have promised to send “zero waste to landfill!”.
5 They believe that, although recycling waste is effective, the most effective way of solving the problem of overflowing landfills is to encourage people to take responsibility for reducing the waste they produce themselves.
A．If it isn’t, try using public transport instead.
B．Sea levels are rising due to the melting of polar ice sheets.
C．However, this has come at a huge cost to the environment.
D．This resulted in the flooding of the River Po near Turin in Italy.
E．For instance, that in Hong Kong is likely to reduce within a few years.
F．Thus, the government is now trying to find alternative waste disposal methods.
G．Apart from the three Rs, some experts have called for the fourth R—Responsibility.
（23-24高一下·江苏泰州·期中）Food waste is a major issue in agriculture and in homes. If you grow your own food, the last thing you want is to let your hard work go to waste. 1 It begins with the plants you choose, and goes right through to preservation (保存) of your harvests. Here are some tips for you.
When planning a food-producing garden, it’s very important to choose the right plants for the right places. Waste is far more likely to happen if you are growing plants that are not suited to the climate, soil, and growing conditions. 2 Make sure they do not just provide food today, but can also adapt to the changing climate. If you make the right plant choices, you are likely to get a good harvest.
Sometimes cooperation is key. People may often have more seeds (种子) than they really need, particularly in small gardens. However, seeds are usually only viable (能存活的) for a certain length of time. 3 And you can also share skills and knowledge with each other.
4 You might, for example, grow some strawberries inside a greenhouse, with others outdoors. Those grown under cover will typically be ready to harvest a little earlier. Or you can grow different varieties of plants.
Once you have grown your crops, it is important to be ready to preserve what needs to be preserved. This can happen in a range of different ways. You can freeze, pickle (腌制), or can a wide range of garden produce. 5
A．Communities can come together to harvest crops.
B．Many common weeds or flowers can be sources of food.
C．Preventing food waste in the garden is a long term process.
D．So think about how you can create good systems in your garden.
E．Sharing them between households can avoid wasting their potential.
F．Make sure you know how to do so properly when harvest time comes.
G．Scheduling different harvest periods for certain crops can help avoid waste.
（23-24高一下·江苏南京·期中）On an Arctic island, an enormous vault（保险库）has been built deep underground. Like any bank vault, it holds treasures. 1 This vault holds seeds from food crops around the world.
The Svalbard Global Seed Vault is in Norway. It is a seed bank, a place to store and protect seeds. More than 800 thousand different seed samples rest here. All are dried and kept in temperature- and moisture-controlled conditions. 2
Many nations have their own seed banks, too. One main purpose is to make sure that even if crops fail, there will still be seeds for farmers to plant.
3 Loss of diversity can cause problems. That was made clear in Ireland in the 1840s. People grew and ate just one kind of potato, which had no defense when a disease struck. The potato crops failed, and one million people died as a result.
Seeds hold information for scientists. 4 They might grow into plants that can resist pests and disease. They might grow where other plants can't. Even the seeds of an invasive plant like kudzu are saved in seed banks. Perhaps scientists will find out their use someday.
A nation commonly has more than one seed bank. Still, a backup plan is a good idea. Floods, fires, war, and other disasters can destroy storehouses of precious seeds. 5 The seeds come from all over the world, and they belong to everyone, not just one nation.
A．But you won't find precious jewels or metals here.
B．That's why the Svalbard Global Seed Vault was created.
C．Another main purpose of seed banks is to protect diversity.
D．The seeds of plants that are no longer farmed may be useful.
E．They will still have seeds to plant, crops to grow, and food to eat.
F．The Svalbard Global Seed Vault is nicknamed the Doomsday Vault.
G．This means the air in the vault stays dry and the temperature is always the same.
（21-22高一下·江苏南京·期中）How to Be a Successful Team Leader
Every well-organized team needs to have an outstanding leader with specific skills. Sometimes the leader’s abilities can come to affect the whole team. Although you students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills.
A team consists of both leaders and followers. 1 What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. Meanwhile, everyone on a team also desires personal success, so a balance can be hard to strike. A leader should have fierce determination. 2
What’s more, a successful and charming leader ought to be able to handle interpersonal relationships well. They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial（公正的）when it comes to both rewards and punishments. 3 And in so being, the working atmosphere will only come to be improved.
4 Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. If you find it hard to express your ideas clearly to those who you cooperate with, it may be rather difficult for you to be a good leader. Positive thinking will make it easier for leaders to become effective speakers and communicators. Listening and observing carefully is also of great importance, and a good leader knows how to listen effectively when communicating with others.
It’s a well-known fact that, whatever field you wish to work in, leadership skills are necessary for anyone who desires to have a successful career. 5
A．These kinds of leaders are trustworthy.
B．Followers, are different from leaders, though
C．Leaders still-need someone to guide them along the way.
D．So it’s never too early to train yourselves as promising future leaders.
E．Neither side can exist and work effectively without the other.
F．Otherwise the followers will lose their confidence and things will not be done well.
G．To be a leader you should take the initiative in connecting with your followers.
（21-22高一下·江苏南京·期中）A lot of health care are connected with being around trees. 1 According to one 2015 study, a walk in the woods can make you feel seven years younger.
They also do a great deal of good for the environment by reducing air pollution and taking in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. 2 A new study by researchers at University College London found that the trees in the London Borough (自治市) of Camden store as much carbon per hectare (公顷) as rainforests.
A tree’s ability to take in carbon dioxide is especially useful when the tree.is in cities or towns, where there are too many industrial activities. For the study, the researchers used laser scanning methods to take their own carbon readings of trees from the ground as well as the air. 3 They were able to know there are about 85,000 trees in Camden, where the university is based.
They determined that Camden had a median carton density (浓度) of around 55 tons of carbon per hectare (t/ha). Greener areas of the borough, like Highgate Cemetery, had a carbon density of 380 t/ha — levels that are typically seen in rainforests. 4
So what exactly does this mean Trees could help cool the atmosphere by removing carbon dioxide from the air. However, some climate scientists argue that it’s more complicated (复杂的) than that. 5 Still, with all of the other benefits trees offer, planting a seed or two couldn’t hurt.
A．We need to protect the ones we already have.
B．Global warming is happening at a faster rate than ever.
C．These benefits aren’t just felt in the countryside, either.
D．For comparison, major cities in the US have a carbon density of 7.7.
E．They have been known to reduce people’s stress and improve overall mental health.
F．Then they compared their findings with the data from the UK Environment Agency.
G．They think the impact of tree-planting activities today may not be seen for many years.
（21-22高一下·江苏南京·期中）As humans, we’re meant to be social creatures. Being socially connected is key to our mental and emotional health. 1 When it comes to shyness and social awkwardness, the things we tell ourselves make a huge difference.
People aren’t thinking about you — at least not to the degree that you think. 2 Just like you’re spending their time judging you, so stop wasting time worrying about what others think of you.
3 When you’re socially anxious, it can seem as though everyone else is outgoing and confident. 4 Some people are better at hiding it than others, but there are many people out there struggling with the same self-doubts as you are. The next person you speak to is just as likely to be worried about what you think of him or her!
People are much more tolerant than you think. In your mind, the very idea of doing or saying something embarrassing in public is frightening. You’re sure that everyone will judge you. But in reality, it’s very unlikely that people are going to make a big deal over a social faux pas (失礼). 5
A．But that’s not the case.
B．We should learn to self-evaluate (自我评估) our social awkwardness.
C．Everyone makes mistakes; it’s part of being human.
D．Yet many of us are shy and socially introverted (内向的).
E．Most people are caught up in their own lives and concerns.
F．Many other people feel just as awkward and nervous as you do.
G．Everyone has done it at some point so most will just ignore it and move on.
（21-22高一下·江苏南京·期中）It’s normal to wake briefly during the night. 1 But if you’re waking up during the night and having trouble falling back asleep, the following tips may help.
Stay out of your head. The key to getting back to sleep is continuing to prepare your body for sleep, so remain in bed in a relaxed position. Hard as it may be, try not to stress over the fact that you’re awake, because that very stress and anxiety encourage your body to stay awake. 2
3 If you are finding it hard to fall back asleep, try a relaxation technique such as visualization (想象), or deep breathing, which can be done without even getting out of bed. Remind yourself that although they’re not a replacement for sleep, rest and relaxation still help refresh your body.
Do a quiet, non-stimulating activity. If you’ve been awake for more than 15minutes, try getting out of bed and doing a quiet, non-stimulating activity, such as reading a book. Keep the lights dim so as not to think that it’s time to wake up. 4 What’s more, a light snack might relax you, but be careful not to eat so much that your body begins to expect a meal at that time of the day.
5 If you wake during the night feeling anxious about something, make a brief note of it on paper and delay worrying about it until the next day when you are fresh and it will be easier to resolve.
A．Put off worries and troubles.
B．Make relaxation your goal, not sleep.
C．In fact, a good sleeper won’t even remember it.
D．Use a flashlight to go to the bathroom at night.
E．You should also be much more productive and creative after a good night’s rest.
F．Also avoid screens of any kind-computers, TVs, cell phones, iPads.
G．A good way to stay out of your head is to focus on the feeling in your body.
（22-23高一下·江苏·期末）Whether you’re trying to lose weight or simply feel better,a good fitness routine is key. 1 How many times have you committed to a program only to find yourself drifting back into your old habits Fortunately, there are some easy methods for keeping yourself on track toward your health and fitness goals.
Clear Your Head
The first step is to fine-tune your mindset. It’s not enough to simply want something. 2 Some people mistakenly believe that this type of mental toughness can only be achieved by people with natural self-control and willpower. Luckily, you can train yourself to be mentally strong by practicing some key behaviors daily.
Write It Down
Another effective tool is to put them in writing. Set specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound targets for yourself. For example, instead of saying, “I want to start running,” you might define your goal as, “Within six months, I will be able to run a 5K.” 3
Phone a Friend
4 Tell this person what you’re aiming for. When you’re feeling unmotivated, give them a call and ask them to remind you why you started down this path. If the person you share your home with can work toward similar health goals, all the better.
Make It Fun
Getting fit and healthy shouldn’t feel like punishment. Find activities and foods that you actually enjoy. If you hate carrot, don’t force yourself to eat it. Find an alternative like potato, let go of the guilt, and enjoy. 5 If you hate running, step off it and into something more enjoyable like dancing or cycling.
Taking responsibility for your own physical fitness is the foundation of a healthy lifestyle. Set goals that are right for you, hold yourself responsible for achieving them, and celebrate each small victory along the way to success.
A．The same goes for exercise.
B．Record your daily progress you make.
C．But sticking to one can be a challenge.
D．If you miss a workout, it doesn’t mean all is lost.
E．You have to focus your mental energies on success.
F．To keep yourself responsible for the goals you set, have a partner.
G．Note down the milestones you’ll meet on the road to achieving your goal.
重难语篇拔高练
（22-23高一下·江苏宿迁·期中）Taking an online course for the first time Based on research and best practices from our community, here are some tips for learning online.
Set daily goals for studying
Ask yourself what you hope to accomplish in your course each day. Setting a clear goal can help you stay focused. 1 And don’t forget to praise yourself when you make progress towards your goal!
Have your learning space
It’s easier to recall information if you’ re in the same place where you first learned it, so having your learning space at home to take online courses can make your learning more effective. 2 If possible, make it separate from your bed or sofa. A clear distinction between where you study and where you take breaks can help you focus.
Join the discussion
Course discussion forums are a great place to ask questions about tasks, discuss topics, share resources, and make friends. Our research shows that learners who take part in the discussion forums are 37% more likely to complete a course. 3
Do one thing at a time
Doing several things at the same time is less efficient than focusing on a single task at a time. Researchers found that people who multitask all the time cannot pay attention, recall information, or switch from one job to another as well as those who complete one task at a time. 4 You’ll absorb more information and complete tasks with greater ease than if you were trying to do many things at once.
Take breaks
5 If you find yourself working on a challenging problem without much progress for an hour, take a break. Walking outside, taking a shower, or talking with a friend can lift your spirits and even give you new ideas on how to deal with that problem.
A．So make a post today!
B．Stay focused on one thing at a time.
C．So take action to prepare for the course.
D．It should be specific and easy to measure.
E．Resting your brain is key to good performance.
F．It is necessary to keep your brain active all the way.
G．Remove anything that takes your attention away from the space.
（22-23高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Food waste contributes to ever-growing landfills (垃圾堆). 1 If you want to help the environment in your own way, you can start by reducing, or better yet, completely erasing food waste in your home. To give you an idea of where to start, here are some tips:
Don’t buy too much food whenever you go grocery shopping. 2 However, if your family cannot eat all the food before it goes bad, then it just adds to food waste. Taking several short grocery shopping trips every week instead of one long trip may help keep you from buying too much food, thereby cutting back on food waste.
Always make a shopping list. 3 That’s because you already know what things you need. Moreover, a list will prevent you from buying food items that you already have at home, which can help reduce the amount of potential food waste.
4 For meats, you have to keep them in the freezer while fruits and vegetables should be stored in the crisper compartment (保鲜室). Although these tips may seem simple, they can help greatly reduce the amount of food waste that your family produces.
Use the “First-In-First-Out” method. For example, placing the newly bought foods at the back of the fridge or cupboard will encourage people to use the ones that are in the front row. This will ensure that you know what you have and reduce food waste. 5
A．It can help keep your grocery trips short.
B．Having a fully filled fridge may look nice.
C．Your fridge may be too crowded to function well.
D．It is a waste of your money, as well as your effort.
E．Some people like to store up food for emergencies.
F．Foods need proper storage to prevent them going bad.
G．If you can’t see what foods you have, you’ll forget them.
（22-23高一下·江苏泰州·期中）Flash fiction is a fictional short story. If you are willing to write flash fiction on your own, here are some tips.
Select a genre(体裁)for your writing.
To begin with, decide your genre first. 1 Your genre can be science fiction, horror，thriller(惊险小说), or romance, depending on what you like and on readers’demand.
Choose an interesting name for your title.
A title is something that attracts readers. 2 Therefore, as a writer, you should know how to play with words and create unique titles. The title should hold the attention of a more significant number of people.
3
With flash fiction, you don’t have time for lengthy explanations, character introductions, and setting descriptions. You need to go straight into what is happening in order to get everything you want in the story.
Be closely related.
When writing flash fiction, you should know what you’re writing about. Understand what your characters are feeling and experiencing. Pretend you’re a director and see each of your scenes slowly.
Focus on one moment at a time.
Describing one moment at a time. Don’t rush into a new character or scene. 4 This way, with the limited word count, you get to bring light to every aspect of flash fiction.
Use strong imagery.
Using strong imagery can help readers better form a picture in their minds. It’ll bring alive the scenes and the characters. 5 Good flash fiction has vivid(逼真的)imagery described in every part of the story
Create a surprise.
Ending the story with a surprise leaves readers thinking about the story. Your purpose for writing is halfway done when you leave readers guessing what else could have happened.
A．Jump into the action.
B．Explore the scenes fully.
C．Concentrate on a particular part of the story.
D．A wide variety of genres are quite popular these days.
E．It should increase curiosity and make more readers want to read.
F．Through the actions, readers can pull some ideas about the characters.
G．Therefore,having a picturesque description makes the writing feel realistic.
（22-23高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Humans like exploring the world. Throughout history, we have gone to afar- off places to see how people in other areas leave. That urge (欲望) hasn’t disappeared, despite increasing awareness of the carbon footprint associated with travel. Nor should it—there’re great benefits from seeing the broader world. 1 Consider the following tips to reduce your influence when traveling.
● 2
Not only does it save money, but travelers will avoid lines and crowds. And the damage to the sites is less. The climate benefit is real, too. Traveling during this time means better options for direct flights, which are more fuel-efficient. Planes burn up to 25% of their fuel supply when taking off and climbing, so fewer stopovers (中途停留) mean less fuel used.
● Use public transport
Instead of hiring a private vehicle, you can consider using public means of transport. Carrying lots of people, they cut down the carbon emissions (排放) that would otherwise be given out by many private vehicles. 3
● Pack a “Capsule Travel Bag”
The heavier a plane is, the more fuel it requires to fly. Therefore, packing little is one simple way to reduce your impact. 4 Finnair, Finland’s biggest airline, has calculated that if each passenger were to cut down the weight of their luggage by 5 kilograms, the total reduction could save almost 17,000 toms of CO2 emissions.
● Bring your waste-free tools
A zero-waste routine or creating as little waste as possible is also important when you’re away. To often, though, people use as an excuse to let their waste-reduction efforts fail. 5 In order to reduce your impact on the environment, you need to carry reusable items. For instance, carry reusable shopping bags or reusable water bottles.
A．Travel during the off-season.
B．Explore the less well-known destinations.
C．In case you’re doubtful, there’re related statistics to prove it.
D．That is unfair to the locals of whatever place you are visiting.
E．The pressure on the environment could then be reduced greatly.
F．The popularity of traveling by air makes it hard to cut down the carbon footprint.
G．Fortunately, some aspects of travel can be done in ways gentler to the planet.
（22-23高一下·江苏盐城·期中）Chou doufu is a fermented (发酵的) tofu with a strong smell but good flavour. The street snack is usually sold at night, served out of a small bowl and toothpicks (牙签) to pick it up. 1 .
Chou dou fu was invented by a man named Wang Zhihe during the Qing Dynasty. He studied to become a local officer, but tried and failed many times. Every time he left his hometown to take the exam in the capital city, he would end up using all of his money for travelling and be left with nothing to buy food. 2 , Wang Zhihe decided to make a living in the capital city while preparing for the next year’s exam.
His family back home was wealthy from their tofu factory business. 3 . He bought some simple tools to make it in order to sell it on the street. During that time, the summer heat was causing the fresh tofu that he didn’t sell to become moldy (发霉). 4 . He decided to cut the tofu into smaller pieces, dry them in the sun and then pickle (腌渍) them with salt. They were stored in a jar until autumn came. The moment he opened the jar, he was hit with the special smell of fermented tofu that had become grey. 5 , so he sent them to the neighbors who found that they enjoyed the dish, too. From then on, chou doufu has become a famous street snack.
A．To earn much more money
B．He wanted to buy it immediately
C．To save himself the travelling cost and the time
D．There he learned how to make tofu at a young age
E．Here is a story about the beginning of chou doufu
F．He tried one and didn’t think its taste was terrible
G．He didn’t want to waste his food so he came up with a way to keep it
（22-23高一下·江苏泰州·期中）When my children haven’t played outside enough, I can tell their energy levels will go up and the noise will increase in the house. I feel upset, so I tell them it’s time to go outside. Usually, they complain and come up with reasons why staying in is better, but I insist. Within minutes, they’re out and running around. Sometimes I give them a minimum time limit, say 20 minutes, before they could come back inside. 1
Kids need consistent outdoor play. There are many benefits, and I’d like to share some of them.
Outdoor play is good for kids’ physical health. 2 Movements like rolling and jumping also stimulate a child’s vestibular system. It’s the organizer for other senses and affects things like balance and space awareness. Children need to stimulate it regularly, and outdoor play allows this to happen naturally.
Outdoor play is beneficial mentally. It makes kids happy. You will see it when they come inside, tired but satisfied. It also gives children a chance to be in a space without fixed rules. There are no requirements to be quiet or stay clean. 3 It helps result in imaginative play and a creative flow state.
4 There’s so much active learning that goes on outdoors. When kids get outdoors, they take the information they’ve heard in the classroom and apply it to real life. For example, building a bridge across a hole that will support the weight or getting the right consistency of mud by mixing dirt and water. They’ll also do better in school after spending more time outside.
Outdoor play is of great importance, so encourage your kids to take part in it. 5 You can also take them to beautiful parks and forests on weekends. Your kids will get hours of enjoyment, and the benefits are far-reaching.
A．It also has educational value.
B．Make your yard more interesting for them.
C．Don’t ask them to follow too many restrictions.
D．It connects physical exercise with better education, too.
E．So kids are free to do almost anything that entertains them.
F．But often they forget about it once they’re wrapped up in a game.
G．It helps build up strength and reduces the likelihood of overweight.期中复习之七选五15篇
(江苏期中真题)
基础语篇巩固练
（23-24高一下·江苏连云港·期中）Do you really need a new phone every 2 years
If you’re looking to replace or upgrade your smartphone in the coming year, think it over. 1 Do you simply have the desire to get the new, shiny tech There are some issues to consider besides the new device’s affordability.
Our desire to always have the newest smartphone comes at a high environmental cost. According to Swappie, which repairs and resells iPhones, 1.4 billion new smartphones forecast to be shipped this year will generate 146 million tons of planet-warming emissions. 2
What can you do
Resist the desire to upgrade. If your phone still works, get as much life as you can out of it. “The greenest smart-phone is the one you already own,” Stratton said.
Get it fixed. If your phone breaks, get it repaired directly by the manufacturer or take it to a store to repair your phone brand. 3
Sell it instead of throwing it. You can sell your used smartphone to specialized repairing companies like Swappie to give it a second life. 4 This is because of the materials used to produce them.
5 If your phone is completely broken and cannot be sold, you can still recycle it. You just need to do a little bit of research into how and where to correctly recycle it.
A．Make it functioned.
B．Recycle it properly.
C．Do you really need a new phone
D．Broken phones can still be valuable.
E．Where can you get a new smartphone
F．83% of them come from producing, shipping and first-year usage.
G．A broken or out-of-order phone can often be fixed through easy repairs.
【答案】1．C 2．F 3．G 4．D 5．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了更换手机时需要考虑的因素及旧手机的处理方式。
1．上文“If you’re looking to replace or upgrade your smartphone in the coming year, think it over.(如果您打算在未来一年内更换或升级智能手机，请三思而行)”说明要谨慎更换手机，下文“Do you simply have the desire to get the new, shiny tech There are some issues to consider besides the new device’s affordability.(你只是想获得新的、闪亮的技术吗？除了新设备的可负担性之外还有一些问题需要考虑)”说明换手机时你还要考虑其他的因素，C项“你真的需要新手机吗？”承上启下，提出的问题与下文问题呼应，符合语境。故选C项。
2．上文“Our desire to always have the newest smartphone comes at a high environmental cost. According to Swappie, which repairs and resells iPhones, 1.4 billion new smartphones forecast to be shipped this year will generate 146 million tons of planet-warming emissions.(我们总是想拥有最新的智能手机，但这需要付出高昂的环保成本。据维修和转售iPhone的Swappie公司称，预计今年将有14亿部新智能手机出货，这将产生1.46亿吨的全球变暖排放)”说明了换手机的环保成本很大，F项“其中83%来自生产、运输和第一年的使用。”承接上文，选项中them指代上文的planet-warming emissions，符合语境。故选F项。
3．上文“Get it fixed. If your phone breaks, get it repaired directly by the manufacturer or take it to a store to repair your phone brand.(把它修好。如果你的手机坏了，可以直接由制造商修理，或者带到商店修理你的手机品牌)”说明手机坏了可以修理，G项“坏掉的或失灵的手机通常可以通过简单的维修来修复。”承接上文，符合语境。故选G项。
4．上文“Sell it instead of throwing it. You can sell your used smartphone to specialized repairing companies like Swappie to give it a second life.(把它卖掉，而不是扔掉。你可以把你用过的智能手机卖给像Swappie这样的专业维修公司，让它重获新生)”说明处理手机的另一种方式——卖掉，下文“This is because of the materials used to produce them.(这是因为生产它们所用的材料)”说明可以卖掉手机的原因，D项“坏掉的手机仍然有价值。”承上启下，符合语境。故选D项。
5．下文“If your phone is completely broken and cannot be sold, you can still recycle it. You just need to do a little bit of research into how and where to correctly recycle it.(如果你的手机已经完全坏了，无法出售，你仍然可以回收它。你只需要研究一下如何以及在哪里正确回收它)”说明破旧的手机可以回收，空处应概括段落大意，B项“正确回收”符合语境。故选B项。
（23-24高一下·江苏镇江·期中）In many ways, life has become far more comfortable and convenient in the past few decades. 1 Here, we look at three of the most serious environmental problems we are currently facing.
Air Pollution
The main cause of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels by vehicles and power plants. Other human activities, such as construction and the burning of waste, also contribute to air pollution. The effects on our health can be very serious.
You can easily contribute to reducing air pollution by only using a car to make journeys when it’s absolutely necessary. 2
Global Warming
Global warming is the increase in the temperature of the Earth’s near-surface air and oceans. It’s caused by the build-up of carbon dioxide and other pollutants in the atmosphere. These trap the Sun’s heat and warm up the planet.
Global warming has already caused a wide range of problems. 3 Countries around the world have faced extreme weather conditions, such as hurricanes, floods and heat waves.
Overflowing Landfills
Landfills are used for waste disposal (处理) in many countries around the world. However, these landfills are now nearing their limit. When this happens, the chances of dangerous chemicals in the waste entering our water supply increase.
The amount of waste in landfills in China has risen sharply over the last ten years. 4 Some cities, such as Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai, among others, are leading the way and have promised to send “zero waste to landfill!”.
5 They believe that, although recycling waste is effective, the most effective way of solving the problem of overflowing landfills is to encourage people to take responsibility for reducing the waste they produce themselves.
A．If it isn’t, try using public transport instead.
B．Sea levels are rising due to the melting of polar ice sheets.
C．However, this has come at a huge cost to the environment.
D．This resulted in the flooding of the River Po near Turin in Italy.
E．For instance, that in Hong Kong is likely to reduce within a few years.
F．Thus, the government is now trying to find alternative waste disposal methods.
G．Apart from the three Rs, some experts have called for the fourth R—Responsibility.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．F 5．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类目前面临的三个最严重的环境问题：空气污染、全球变暖和漫溢的垃圾填埋场。
1．上文“In many ways, life has become far more comfortable and convenient in the past few decades. (在过去的几十年里，生活在许多方面变得更加舒适和方便)”讲随着世界的发展人们的生活在许多方面变得更加舒适和方便，下文“Here, we look at three of the most serious environmental problems we are currently facing. (在这里，我们来看一下我们目前面临的三个最严重的环境问题)”讲人类面临着三个最严重的环境问题，该空必须与上文形成转折关系，讲明生活的舒适和方便是以牺牲环境为代价实现的，才能顺理成章引出下文讲三个最严重的环境问题，C选项“然而，这对环境造成了巨大的损失。”切合语境。故选C项。
2．上文“You can easily contribute to reducing air pollution by only using a car to make journeys when it’s absolutely necessary. (只要在绝对必要的时候开车出行，你就可以很容易地为减少空气污染做出贡献)”讲为减少空气污染做出贡献的一种策略，本段就两句话，所表达内涵要一致，该空也应讲为减少空气污染做出贡献的另一种策略，A选项“如果没有，试着使用公共交通工具。”切合语境。故选A项。
3．该空应承接上文“Global warming has already caused a wide range of problems. (全球变暖已经造成了一系列问题)”讲全球变暖造成的问题，再结合下文“Countries around the world have faced extreme weather conditions, such as hurricanes, floods and heat waves. (世界各国都面临着飓风、洪水和热浪等极端天气条件)”和常识可知，海平面上升是全球变暖造成的问题之一，B选项“由于极地冰盖的融化，海平面正在上升。”切合语境。故选B项。
4．上文“The amount of waste in landfills in China has risen sharply over the last ten years. (在过去的十年里，中国垃圾填埋场的垃圾量急剧上升)”讲中国垃圾填埋场垃圾越来越多，下文“Some cities, such as Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai, among others, are leading the way and have promised to send “zero waste to landfill!”. (北京、深圳和上海等一些城市正在引领潮流，并承诺“零垃圾填埋”)”讲中国一些一线城市正在采取措施应对垃圾过多的问题，F选项“因此，政府现正设法寻找其他废物处理方法。”正好与上文形成因果关系，上文现象的出现导致相关应对策略的产生，才能引出下文用具体实例讲垃圾应对策略——零垃圾填埋。故选F项。
5．由下文“They believe that, although recycling waste is effective, the most effective way of solving the problem of overflowing landfills is to encourage people to take responsibility for reducing the waste they produce themselves. (他们认为，尽管回收废物是有效的，但解决垃圾填埋场满溢问题的最有效方法是鼓励人们承担起减少自己产生的废物的责任)”可知，下文讲应对垃圾满溢的最有效方法是人们要承担减少自己产生垃圾的责任，G选项“除了三个R之外，一些专家还呼吁第四个R——责任。”中“Responsibility”与下文相呼应。故选G项。
（23-24高一下·江苏泰州·期中）Food waste is a major issue in agriculture and in homes. If you grow your own food, the last thing you want is to let your hard work go to waste. 1 It begins with the plants you choose, and goes right through to preservation (保存) of your harvests. Here are some tips for you.
When planning a food-producing garden, it’s very important to choose the right plants for the right places. Waste is far more likely to happen if you are growing plants that are not suited to the climate, soil, and growing conditions. 2 Make sure they do not just provide food today, but can also adapt to the changing climate. If you make the right plant choices, you are likely to get a good harvest.
Sometimes cooperation is key. People may often have more seeds (种子) than they really need, particularly in small gardens. However, seeds are usually only viable (能存活的) for a certain length of time. 3 And you can also share skills and knowledge with each other.
4 You might, for example, grow some strawberries inside a greenhouse, with others outdoors. Those grown under cover will typically be ready to harvest a little earlier. Or you can grow different varieties of plants.
Once you have grown your crops, it is important to be ready to preserve what needs to be preserved. This can happen in a range of different ways. You can freeze, pickle (腌制), or can a wide range of garden produce. 5
A．Communities can come together to harvest crops.
B．Many common weeds or flowers can be sources of food.
C．Preventing food waste in the garden is a long term process.
D．So think about how you can create good systems in your garden.
E．Sharing them between households can avoid wasting their potential.
F．Make sure you know how to do so properly when harvest time comes.
G．Scheduling different harvest periods for certain crops can help avoid waste.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．E 4．G 5．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了在种植过程中避免食物浪费的建议。
1．根据上文“If you grow your own food, the last thing you want is to let your hard work go to waste.(如果你自己种食物，你最不想要的就是让你的辛勤劳动付诸东流)”可知，自己种植食物时不想要食物浪费，结合下文“It begins with the plants you choose, and goes right through to preservation (保存) of your harvests.(它从你选择的植物开始，一直到保存你的收成)”可知，防止食物浪费是一个长期的过程，C项“防止菜园里的食物浪费是一个长期的过程”符合语境，故选C。
2．上文“Waste is far more likely to happen if you are growing plants that are not suited to the climate, soil, and growing conditions.(如果你种植的植物不适合当地的气候、土壤和生长条件，那么浪费就更有可能发生)”提到容易发生食物浪费的情况，结合下文“Make sure they do not just provide food today, but can also adapt to the changing climate.(确保它们不仅能提供食物，还能适应不断变化的气候)”可知，空处以及下文应是关于防止发生食物浪费的情况，D项“所以想想如何在你的花园中创建好的系统”符合语境，下文they指代选项中的systems。故选D。
3．上文“People may often have more seeds (种子) than they really need, particularly in small gardens. However, seeds are usually only viable (能存活的) for a certain length of time.(人们可能经常拥有比他们真正需要的更多的种子，特别是在小花园里。然而，种子通常只能存活一段时间)”提到，种子数量多且存活时间短的问题，结合下文“And you can also share skills and knowledge with each other.(你们也可以互相分享技能和知识)”中的关键提示“also share”可知，空处是关于分享多出的种子，E项“在家庭之间共享它们可以避免浪费它们的潜力”符合语境，故选E。
4．根据本段内容“You might, for example, grow some strawberries inside a greenhouse, with others outdoors. Those grown under cover will typically be ready to harvest a little earlier. Or you can grow different varieties of plants.(例如，你可以在温室里种一些草莓，在室外种一些。那些在掩蔽下生长的植物通常会提前一点准备好收获。或者你可以种植不同种类的植物)”可知，本段主要讲想办法让植物的收获时间不一样，通过这样的方式来避免浪费，G项“为某些作物安排不同的收获期可以帮助避免浪费”符合语境，故选G。
5．根据本段首句“Once you have grown your crops, it is important to be ready to preserve what needs to be preserved.(一旦你种植了作物，重要的是要准备好保存需要保存的东西)”以及空前“You can freeze, pickle (腌制), or can a wide range of garden produce.(你可以冷冻，腌制，或者可以制作各种各样的菜园产品)”可知，本段是说收获后要好好保存，空前提到了一些保存的方法，F项“当收获季节到来的时候，确保你知道如何正确地这样做”符合语境，故选F。
（23-24高一下·江苏南京·期中）On an Arctic island, an enormous vault（保险库）has been built deep underground. Like any bank vault, it holds treasures. 1 This vault holds seeds from food crops around the world.
The Svalbard Global Seed Vault is in Norway. It is a seed bank, a place to store and protect seeds. More than 800 thousand different seed samples rest here. All are dried and kept in temperature- and moisture-controlled conditions. 2
Many nations have their own seed banks, too. One main purpose is to make sure that even if crops fail, there will still be seeds for farmers to plant.
3 Loss of diversity can cause problems. That was made clear in Ireland in the 1840s. People grew and ate just one kind of potato, which had no defense when a disease struck. The potato crops failed, and one million people died as a result.
Seeds hold information for scientists. 4 They might grow into plants that can resist pests and disease. They might grow where other plants can't. Even the seeds of an invasive plant like kudzu are saved in seed banks. Perhaps scientists will find out their use someday.
A nation commonly has more than one seed bank. Still, a backup plan is a good idea. Floods, fires, war, and other disasters can destroy storehouses of precious seeds. 5 The seeds come from all over the world, and they belong to everyone, not just one nation.
A．But you won't find precious jewels or metals here.
B．That's why the Svalbard Global Seed Vault was created.
C．Another main purpose of seed banks is to protect diversity.
D．The seeds of plants that are no longer farmed may be useful.
E．They will still have seeds to plant, crops to grow, and food to eat.
F．The Svalbard Global Seed Vault is nicknamed the Doomsday Vault.
G．This means the air in the vault stays dry and the temperature is always the same.
【答案】1．A 2．G 3．C 4．D 5．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了在北极的一个岛屿上的保险库中存放着世界各地粮食作物的种子。
1．根据上文“Like any bank vault, it holds treasures”（ 就像任何银行保险库一样，这里存放着宝藏）根据下文“This vault holds seeds from food crops around the world. ”（这个地窖存放着世界各地粮食作物的种子）可知，保险库里没有珍贵的珠宝或金属，而是种子。故A选项“但你不会在这里找到珍贵的珠宝或金属”切题。故选A项。
2．根据上文“All are dried and kept in temperature- and moisture-controlled conditions.”（ 所有的都被干燥并保存在温度和湿度控制的条件下）可知，选项承接上文说明温度和湿度的问题，进一步解释上文。故G选项“这意味着地窖里的空气保持干燥，温度始终保持不变”切题。故选G项。
3．根据下文“Loss of diversity can cause problems.”（多样性的丧失会带来问题）可知，保险库的目的之一就是保护种子的多样性。故C选项“种子库的另一个主要目的是保护多样性”切题。故选C项。
4．根据下文“They might grow into plants that can resist pests and disease. They might grow where other plants can't.”（ 它们可能会长成能够抵抗病虫害的植物。它们可以生长在其他植物不能生长的地方。）可知，选项承接下文说明不再耕种的种子的作用。故D选项“不再耕种的植物的种子可能有用”切题。故选D项。
5．根据上文“Floods, fires, war, and other disasters can destroy storehouses of precious seeds.”（ 洪水、火灾、战争和其他灾难会摧毁储存珍贵种子的仓库）可知，这就是斯瓦尔巴群岛全球种子库建立的原因。故B选项“这就是斯瓦尔巴群岛全球种子库建立的原因”切题。故选B项。
（21-22高一下·江苏南京·期中）How to Be a Successful Team Leader
Every well-organized team needs to have an outstanding leader with specific skills. Sometimes the leader’s abilities can come to affect the whole team. Although you students are still young, it’s never too early to cultivate leadership skills.
A team consists of both leaders and followers. 1 What is essential to the role of leader is the ability to unite the whole team. A great leader enables their team to achieve a common goal through the giving of clear directions and support. Meanwhile, everyone on a team also desires personal success, so a balance can be hard to strike. A leader should have fierce determination. 2
What’s more, a successful and charming leader ought to be able to handle interpersonal relationships well. They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial（公正的）when it comes to both rewards and punishments. 3 And in so being, the working atmosphere will only come to be improved.
4 Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader. If you find it hard to express your ideas clearly to those who you cooperate with, it may be rather difficult for you to be a good leader. Positive thinking will make it easier for leaders to become effective speakers and communicators. Listening and observing carefully is also of great importance, and a good leader knows how to listen effectively when communicating with others.
It’s a well-known fact that, whatever field you wish to work in, leadership skills are necessary for anyone who desires to have a successful career. 5
A．These kinds of leaders are trustworthy.
B．Followers, are different from leaders, though
C．Leaders still-need someone to guide them along the way.
D．So it’s never too early to train yourselves as promising future leaders.
E．Neither side can exist and work effectively without the other.
F．Otherwise the followers will lose their confidence and things will not be done well.
G．To be a leader you should take the initiative in connecting with your followers.
【答案】1．E 2．F 3．A 4．G 5．D
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了成为一个成功的团队领导者的方法。
1．根据设空前的“A team consists of both leaders and followers.(团队由领导者和追随者组成)”可知，此处想要表达的是“领导者与跟随者缺一不可”。由此可知，E项“没有对方，任何一方都无法生存和有效工作。”符合题意。故选E项。
2．根据设空前“A leader should have fierce determination.(领导者应该有坚定的决心)”可知，这里要说的是领导的决心对于团队的影响。由此可知，F项“否则，追随者就会失去信心，事情也不会做好。”能够承接上文，符合题意。故选F项。
3．根据上文“What's more, a successful and charming leader ought to be able to handle interpersonal relationships well. They should be honest, fair, objective and impartial (公正的) when it comes to both rewards and punishments.(此外，一个成功而有魅力的领导者应该能够很好地处理人际关系。他们应该诚实、公平、客观和公正当涉及奖惩时)”可知，这里提到的是领导的特质。由此可知，A项“这种领导是值得信赖的。”中的these kinds of leaders指的就是上文中提到的能很好处理人际关系，能公平、客观、公正对的领导，符合题意。故选A项。
4．根据下文“Good communication skills allow people to build good relationships, which is an essential part of being a good leader.(良好的沟通技巧可以让人们建立良好的关系，这是成为一名优秀领导者的重要组成部分)”可知，本段主要说的是沟通技巧。由此可知，G项“要成为一名领导者，你应该主动与同学沟通。”适合作本段主题句，符合题意。故选G项。
5．根据上文“It's a well-known fact that, whatever field you wish to work in, leadership skills are necessary for anyone who desires to have a successful career.(众所周知，无论你想在哪一个领域工作，领导技能对于任何想要事业成功的人来说都是必不可少的)”可知，这里说的是领导技能很必要，所以要好好培养领导能力。由此可知，D项“因此，把自己培养成有前途的未来领导者永远都不为时尚早。”能够承接上文，符合题意。故选D项。
（21-22高一下·江苏南京·期中）A lot of health care are connected with being around trees. 1 According to one 2015 study, a walk in the woods can make you feel seven years younger.
They also do a great deal of good for the environment by reducing air pollution and taking in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. 2 A new study by researchers at University College London found that the trees in the London Borough (自治市) of Camden store as much carbon per hectare (公顷) as rainforests.
A tree’s ability to take in carbon dioxide is especially useful when the tree.is in cities or towns, where there are too many industrial activities. For the study, the researchers used laser scanning methods to take their own carbon readings of trees from the ground as well as the air. 3 They were able to know there are about 85,000 trees in Camden, where the university is based.
They determined that Camden had a median carton density (浓度) of around 55 tons of carbon per hectare (t/ha). Greener areas of the borough, like Highgate Cemetery, had a carbon density of 380 t/ha — levels that are typically seen in rainforests. 4
So what exactly does this mean Trees could help cool the atmosphere by removing carbon dioxide from the air. However, some climate scientists argue that it’s more complicated (复杂的) than that. 5 Still, with all of the other benefits trees offer, planting a seed or two couldn’t hurt.
A．We need to protect the ones we already have.
B．Global warming is happening at a faster rate than ever.
C．These benefits aren’t just felt in the countryside, either.
D．For comparison, major cities in the US have a carbon density of 7.7.
E．They have been known to reduce people’s stress and improve overall mental health.
F．Then they compared their findings with the data from the UK Environment Agency.
G．They think the impact of tree-planting activities today may not be seen for many years.
【答案】1．E 2．C 3．F 4．D 5．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍树木的保健和空气净化的作用，呼吁人们种树。
1．根据上文“A lot of health care are connected with being around trees. (许多医疗保健都与树木有关。)”，可推知设空处应描述树木会有怎样的保健作用，E选项“众所周知，它们可以减轻人们的压力，改善整体心理健康。”符合题意，并且下文“According to one 2015 study, a walk in the woods can make you feel seven years younger. (根据2015年的一项研究，在树林里散步可以让你感觉年轻七岁。)”是进一步用数据来说明树木的保健作用，故选E。
2．根据上文“They also do a great deal of good for the environment by reducing air pollution and taking in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. (它们还通过减少空气污染和从大气中吸收二氧化碳对环境有很大的好处。)”以及下文“A new study by researchers at University College London found that the trees in the London Borough (自治市) of Camden store as much carbon per hectare (公顷) as rainforests. (伦敦大学学院研究人员的一项新研究发现，伦敦卡姆登区的树木每公顷储存的碳与热带雨林一样多。)”可知设空处应是关于这些好处出现的地方，C选项“这些好处也不仅仅体现在农村地区。”符合题意，并且承上启下，故选C。
3．根据上文“For the study, the researchers used laser scanning methods to take their own carbon readings of trees from the ground as well as the air. (研究人员使用激光扫描方法从地面和空气中获取树木的碳含量。)”和下文“They were able to know there are about 85,000 trees in Camden, where the university is based. (他们能够知道在大学所在地卡姆登大约有85000棵树。)”可推知设空处应该是关于研究过程的，F选项“然后他们将他们的发现与英国环境署的数据进行了比较。”符合题意，可知是通过比较得出了在大学所在地卡姆登大约有85000棵树，故选F。
4．根据上文“They determined that Camden had a median carton density (浓度) of around 55 tons of carbon per hectare (t/ha). Greener areas of the borough, like Highgate Cemetery, had a carbon density of 380 t/ha — levels that are typically seen in rainforests. (他们确定卡姆登的纸箱密度中位数约为每公顷55吨碳(t/ha)。该区的绿色区域，如海格特公墓，碳密度为380吨/公顷，这是热带雨林的典型水平。)” 可知本段主要讲述各地区的碳密度，D选项“相比之下，美国主要城市的碳密度为7.7。”符合本段题意，并且紧密承接上文，故选D。
5．根据上文“So what exactly does this mean Trees could help cool the atmosphere by removing carbon dioxide from the air. However, some climate scientists argue that it’s more complicated (复杂的) than that. (那么这到底是什么意思呢 树木可以通过去除空气中的二氧化碳来帮助大气降温。然而，一些气候科学家认为情况比这更复杂。)”和下文“Still, with all of the other benefits trees offer, planting a seed or two couldn’t hurt. (尽管如此，考虑到树木提供的所有其他好处，种上一两颗种子也无妨。)”可知推断设空处意思是种树不会很快看到效果，G选项“他们认为今天植树活动的影响可能很多年都看不到。”符合题意，和下文构成转折关系，故选G。
（21-22高一下·江苏南京·期中）As humans, we’re meant to be social creatures. Being socially connected is key to our mental and emotional health. 1 When it comes to shyness and social awkwardness, the things we tell ourselves make a huge difference.
People aren’t thinking about you — at least not to the degree that you think. 2 Just like you’re spending their time judging you, so stop wasting time worrying about what others think of you.
3 When you’re socially anxious, it can seem as though everyone else is outgoing and confident. 4 Some people are better at hiding it than others, but there are many people out there struggling with the same self-doubts as you are. The next person you speak to is just as likely to be worried about what you think of him or her!
People are much more tolerant than you think. In your mind, the very idea of doing or saying something embarrassing in public is frightening. You’re sure that everyone will judge you. But in reality, it’s very unlikely that people are going to make a big deal over a social faux pas (失礼). 5
A．But that’s not the case.
B．We should learn to self-evaluate (自我评估) our social awkwardness.
C．Everyone makes mistakes; it’s part of being human.
D．Yet many of us are shy and socially introverted (内向的).
E．Most people are caught up in their own lives and concerns.
F．Many other people feel just as awkward and nervous as you do.
G．Everyone has done it at some point so most will just ignore it and move on.
【答案】1．D 2．E 3．F 4．A 5．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文，很多人会有社交焦虑，文章介绍了有助于克服社交焦虑的一些想法。
1．上文“Being socially connected is key to our mental and emotional health.(保持社会联系是我们心理和情感健康的关键)”提到保持社会联系是我们心理和情感健康的关键，下文“When it comes to shyness and social awkwardness, the things we tell ourselves make a huge difference.(当谈到害羞和社交尴尬时，我们告诉自己的一些事情会产生巨大的影响)”提到害羞和内向，故空处应是和上文是转折关系，保持社会联系是我们心理和情感健康的关键，但是很多人在社交方面会害羞，D项“然而，我们中的许多人都很害羞，在社交方面内向”符合语境，故选D。
2．根据上文“People aren’t thinking about you — at least not to the degree that you think.(人们并没有想到你——至少没有想到你想的那么严重)”可知，别人并没有那么在意你，E项“大多数人都沉浸在自己的生活和担忧中”与上文形成因果关系，别人并没那么在意你，因为他们是沉浸在自己的生活和和担忧中，故选E。
3．根据本段中“Some people are better at hiding it than others, but there are many people out there struggling with the same self-doubts as you are.(有些人比其他人更善于隐藏，但也有很多人和你一样在与自我怀疑作斗争)”可知，本段是说有些人善于隐藏，其实他们和你一样在社交时感到焦虑，F项“许多其他人和你一样感到尴尬和紧张”符合语境，故选F。
4．上文“When you’re socially anxious, it can seem as though everyone else is outgoing and confident.(当你感到社交焦虑时，似乎其他人都很外向和自信)”提到，你感到社交焦虑，其他人似乎外向又自信，结合下文“Some people are better at hiding it than others, but there are many people out there struggling with the same self-doubts as you are.(有些人比其他人更善于隐藏，但也有很多人和你一样在与自我怀疑作斗争)”可知，其他人只是善于隐藏，其实他们和你一样会有社交焦虑，A项“但事实并非如此”符合上下文逻辑，故选A。
5．根据上文“But in reality, it’s very unlikely that people are going to make a big deal over a social faux pas (失礼).(但在现实中，人们不太可能因为社交失礼而小题大做)”可知，现实中人们不太可能因为社交失礼而小题大做，即他们会忽略这些失礼继续社交活动，G项“每个人都在某个时候做过，所以大多数人会忽略它，继续下去”符合语境，故选G。
（21-22高一下·江苏南京·期中）It’s normal to wake briefly during the night. 1 But if you’re waking up during the night and having trouble falling back asleep, the following tips may help.
Stay out of your head. The key to getting back to sleep is continuing to prepare your body for sleep, so remain in bed in a relaxed position. Hard as it may be, try not to stress over the fact that you’re awake, because that very stress and anxiety encourage your body to stay awake. 2
3 If you are finding it hard to fall back asleep, try a relaxation technique such as visualization (想象), or deep breathing, which can be done without even getting out of bed. Remind yourself that although they’re not a replacement for sleep, rest and relaxation still help refresh your body.
Do a quiet, non-stimulating activity. If you’ve been awake for more than 15minutes, try getting out of bed and doing a quiet, non-stimulating activity, such as reading a book. Keep the lights dim so as not to think that it’s time to wake up. 4 What’s more, a light snack might relax you, but be careful not to eat so much that your body begins to expect a meal at that time of the day.
5 If you wake during the night feeling anxious about something, make a brief note of it on paper and delay worrying about it until the next day when you are fresh and it will be easier to resolve.
A．Put off worries and troubles.
B．Make relaxation your goal, not sleep.
C．In fact, a good sleeper won’t even remember it.
D．Use a flashlight to go to the bathroom at night.
E．You should also be much more productive and creative after a good night’s rest.
F．Also avoid screens of any kind-computers, TVs, cell phones, iPads.
G．A good way to stay out of your head is to focus on the feeling in your body.
【答案】1．C 2．G 3．B 4．F 5．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个解决夜里醒来后难以再入睡的小窍门。
1．由下文“But if you’re waking up during the night and having trouble falling back asleep, the following tips may help.(但是，如果你在晚上醒来时难以入睡，以下提示可能会有所帮助。)”可知，这里主要介绍几个解决夜里醒来后难以再入睡的小窍门，而C项In fact, a good sleeper won’t even remember it.(事实上，一个好的睡眠者甚至不会记得它。)符合句意，其中it代指上文wake briefly during the night，而a good sleeper 与下文having trouble falling back asleep形成对比，所以C项有承上启下作用。故选C项。
2．由上文“Stay out of your head. The key to getting back to sleep is continuing to prepare your body for sleep, so remain in bed in a relaxed position. Hard as it may be, try not to stress over the fact that you’re awake, because that very stress and anxiety encourage your body to stay awake.(别胡思乱想。恢复睡眠的关键是继续为睡眠做好准备，所以要以放松的姿势躺在床上。尽管这可能很难，但尽量不要因为你醒着而感到压力，因为这种压力和焦虑会促使你的身体保持清醒。)”可知，这里主要讲睡觉时别胡思乱想，而G项A good way to stay out of your head is to focus on the feeling in your body.(一个别胡思乱想的好方法是专注于你身体的感觉。)符合语境，其中stay out of your head与段首呼应。故选G项。
3．由下文“If you are finding it hard to fall back asleep, try a relaxation technique such as visualization (想象), or deep breathing, which can be done without even getting out of bed. Remind yourself that although they’re not a replacement for sleep, rest and relaxation still help refresh your body.(如果你发现很难入睡，可以尝试一种放松技巧，如可视化或深呼吸，这甚至可以在不起床的情况下完成。提醒自己，尽管它们不能代替睡眠，但休息和放松仍然有助于提神醒脑。)”可知，这里主要讲通过放松的方式而不是睡眠的方式来提神醒脑，所以B项Make relaxation your goal, not sleep.(把放松作为你的目标，而不是睡觉。)符合语境，对下文有总括作用。故选B项。
4．由上文“Do a quiet, non-stimulating activity. If you’ve been awake for more than 15minutes, try getting out of bed and doing a quiet, non-stimulating activity, such as reading a book. Keep the lights dim so as not to think that it’s time to wake up. (做一项安静、无刺激的活动。如果你醒着的时间超过15分钟，试着起床做一些安静、无刺激的活动，比如看书。把灯调暗，以免以为该起床了。)”可知，这里主要讲如果睡不着，可以做一项安静、无刺激的活动，而F项Also avoid screens of any kind-computers, TVs, cell phones, iPads.(还要避免使用任何类型的屏幕——电脑、电视、手机、iPad。)符合语境，其中avoid screens 与上文 Keep the lights dim对应，本句也与段首non-stimulating activity对应，有承上作用。故选F项。
5．由下文“If you wake during the night feeling anxious about something, make a brief note of it on paper and delay worrying about it until the next day when you are fresh and it will be easier to resolve.(如果你在晚上醒来时对某事感到焦虑，请在纸上写下简短的笔记，并将担忧推迟到第二天，当你恢复健康时，它会更容易解决。)”可知，这里主要讲把担忧的事情写下，推迟到第二天解决，而A项Put off worries and troubles.(推迟忧虑和烦恼。)符合语境，对下文由总括作用，其中Put off worries 与下文delay worrying about it until the next day对应。故选A项。
（22-23高一下·江苏·期末）Whether you’re trying to lose weight or simply feel better,a good fitness routine is key. 1 How many times have you committed to a program only to find yourself drifting back into your old habits Fortunately, there are some easy methods for keeping yourself on track toward your health and fitness goals.
Clear Your Head
The first step is to fine-tune your mindset. It’s not enough to simply want something. 2 Some people mistakenly believe that this type of mental toughness can only be achieved by people with natural self-control and willpower. Luckily, you can train yourself to be mentally strong by practicing some key behaviors daily.
Write It Down
Another effective tool is to put them in writing. Set specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound targets for yourself. For example, instead of saying, “I want to start running,” you might define your goal as, “Within six months, I will be able to run a 5K.” 3
Phone a Friend
4 Tell this person what you’re aiming for. When you’re feeling unmotivated, give them a call and ask them to remind you why you started down this path. If the person you share your home with can work toward similar health goals, all the better.
Make It Fun
Getting fit and healthy shouldn’t feel like punishment. Find activities and foods that you actually enjoy. If you hate carrot, don’t force yourself to eat it. Find an alternative like potato, let go of the guilt, and enjoy. 5 If you hate running, step off it and into something more enjoyable like dancing or cycling.
Taking responsibility for your own physical fitness is the foundation of a healthy lifestyle. Set goals that are right for you, hold yourself responsible for achieving them, and celebrate each small victory along the way to success.
A．The same goes for exercise.
B．Record your daily progress you make.
C．But sticking to one can be a challenge.
D．If you miss a workout, it doesn’t mean all is lost.
E．You have to focus your mental energies on success.
F．To keep yourself responsible for the goals you set, have a partner.
G．Note down the milestones you’ll meet on the road to achieving your goal.
【答案】1．C 2．E 3．G 4．F 5．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些简单的方法可以让你朝着健康和健身的目标前进。
1．根据后文“How many times have you committed to a program only to find yourself drifting back into your old habits ( 有多少次你承诺了一个计划，却发现自己又回到了旧习惯？)”可知，很多次都想要坚持一个计划减肥或者有一个好的健身计划，可知最终都没有坚持下来，故设空处应该强调是一种挑战。C选项“But sticking to one can be a challenge.(但坚持一种可能是一个挑战。)”引起下文，符合语境。故选C。
2．根据前文“The first step is to fine-tune your mindset. It’s not enough to simply want something.(第一步是调整你的心态。仅仅想要什么是不够的。)”可知，第一步是调整你的心态。仅仅想要什么是不够的。后面应该强调其他重要的内容。E选项“You have to focus your mental energies on success.(你必须把精力集中在成功上。)”指出，仅仅想要什么是不够的同时更重要的是必须把精力集中在成功上。故选E。
3．根据本段段旨“Write It Down(把它写下来)”以及前文中“Within six months, I will be able to run a 5K.(在六个月内，我将能够跑5公里。)”可知，此处强调写下自己要实现的目标。G选项“Note down the milestones you’ll meet on the road to achieving your goal.( 记下你在实现目标的路上会遇到的里程碑。)”符合语境。故选G。
4．根据前文“Tell this person what you’re aiming for. When you’re feeling unmotivated, give them a call and ask them to remind you why you started down this path.(告诉这个人你的目标。当你感到没有动力时，给他们打个电话，让他们提醒你为什么要走这条路。)”可知，此处强调当自己不能坚持下去的时候可以找朋友告知自己要坚持的目标是什么。F选项“To keep yourself responsible for the goals you set, have a partner.(为了让自己对自己设定的目标负责，找一个伙伴。)”引起下文，符合语境。故选F。
5．根据前文“Getting fit and healthy shouldn’t feel like punishment. Find activities and foods that you actually enjoy. If you hate carrot, don’t force yourself to eat it. Find an alternative like potato, let go of the guilt, and enjoy.(健身和健康不应该让人觉得是一种惩罚。寻找你真正喜欢的活动和食物。如果你讨厌胡萝卜，就不要强迫自己吃。找一个替代品，比如土豆，放下罪恶感，尽情享受吧。)”可知，健身和健康不应该让人觉得是一种惩罚。寻找你真正喜欢的活动和食物。后文应该指出健身锻炼也是一样，找到自己喜欢的活动。A选项“The same goes for exercise.(锻炼也是如此。)”与前文呼应。故选A。
重难语篇拔高练
（22-23高一下·江苏宿迁·期中）Taking an online course for the first time Based on research and best practices from our community, here are some tips for learning online.
Set daily goals for studying
Ask yourself what you hope to accomplish in your course each day. Setting a clear goal can help you stay focused. 1 And don’t forget to praise yourself when you make progress towards your goal!
Have your learning space
It’s easier to recall information if you’ re in the same place where you first learned it, so having your learning space at home to take online courses can make your learning more effective. 2 If possible, make it separate from your bed or sofa. A clear distinction between where you study and where you take breaks can help you focus.
Join the discussion
Course discussion forums are a great place to ask questions about tasks, discuss topics, share resources, and make friends. Our research shows that learners who take part in the discussion forums are 37% more likely to complete a course. 3
Do one thing at a time
Doing several things at the same time is less efficient than focusing on a single task at a time. Researchers found that people who multitask all the time cannot pay attention, recall information, or switch from one job to another as well as those who complete one task at a time. 4 You’ll absorb more information and complete tasks with greater ease than if you were trying to do many things at once.
Take breaks
5 If you find yourself working on a challenging problem without much progress for an hour, take a break. Walking outside, taking a shower, or talking with a friend can lift your spirits and even give you new ideas on how to deal with that problem.
A．So make a post today!
B．Stay focused on one thing at a time.
C．So take action to prepare for the course.
D．It should be specific and easy to measure.
E．Resting your brain is key to good performance.
F．It is necessary to keep your brain active all the way.
G．Remove anything that takes your attention away from the space.
【答案】1．D 2．G 3．A 4．B 5．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些在线学习的建议。
1．根据上文“Ask yourself what you hope to accomplish in your course each day. Setting a clear goal can help you stay focused.(每天问自己希望在课程中完成什么。设定一个明确的目标可以帮助你保持专注)”可知，此处指要设置具体明确的目标。由此可知，D. It should be specific and easy to measure.(它应该是具体的和易于测量的)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选D。
2．根据下文“If possible, make it separate from your bed or sofa. A clear distinction between where you study and where you take breaks can help you focus.(如果可能的话，把它和你的床或沙发分开。明确区分学习地点和休息地点可以帮助你集中注意力)”可知，此处指要有一个专门的有利于集中注意力的学习空间，移除分散注意力的东西。由此可知，G. Remove anything that takes your attention away from the space.(移除任何会分散你注意力的东西)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选G。
3．根据上文“Course discussion forums are a great place to ask questions about tasks, discuss topics, share resources, and make friends. Our research shows that learners who take part in the discussion forums are 37% more likely to complete a course.(课程讨论论坛是一个关于任务提问、讨论主题、共享资源和交朋友的好地方。我们的研究表明，参加论坛的学习者完成课程的可能性要高37%)”可知，此处指参加课堂讨论论坛有助于提高学习效率。由此可知，A. So make a post today!(所以今天就发个帖子吧)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选A。
4．根据小段标题“Do one thing at a time(一次只做一件事)”及上文“Doing several things at the same time is less efficient than focusing on a single task at a time.Researchers found that people who multitask all the time cannot pay attention, recall information, or switch from one job to another as well as those who complete one task at a time.(同时做几件事比一次专注于一项任务效率低。研究人员发现，与那些一次只完成一项任务的人相比，同时处理多项任务的人无法集中注意力、回忆信息或从一项工作切换到另一项工作)”可知，本段讲述的是一次只做一件事，效率会更高。由此可知，B. Stay focused on one thing at a time.(一次只专注一件事)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选B。
5．根据小段标题“Take breaks(休息)”及下文“If you find yourself working on a challenging problem without much progress for an hour, take a break. Walking outside, taking a shower, or talking with a friend can lift your spirits and even give you new ideas on how to deal with that problem.(如果你发现自己在一个具有挑战性的问题上工作了一个小时却没有取得任何进展，那就休息一下。出去走走，洗个澡，或者和朋友聊聊天都能让你精神振奋，甚至能给你解决问题的新思路)”可知，本段讲述的是及时让大脑得以休息，能让你精神振奋，甚至能给你解决问题的新思路。由此可知，E. Resting your brain is key to good performance.(让大脑休息是取得好成绩的关键)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选E。
（22-23高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Food waste contributes to ever-growing landfills (垃圾堆). 1 If you want to help the environment in your own way, you can start by reducing, or better yet, completely erasing food waste in your home. To give you an idea of where to start, here are some tips:
Don’t buy too much food whenever you go grocery shopping. 2 However, if your family cannot eat all the food before it goes bad, then it just adds to food waste. Taking several short grocery shopping trips every week instead of one long trip may help keep you from buying too much food, thereby cutting back on food waste.
Always make a shopping list. 3 That’s because you already know what things you need. Moreover, a list will prevent you from buying food items that you already have at home, which can help reduce the amount of potential food waste.
4 For meats, you have to keep them in the freezer while fruits and vegetables should be stored in the crisper compartment (保鲜室). Although these tips may seem simple, they can help greatly reduce the amount of food waste that your family produces.
Use the “First-In-First-Out” method. For example, placing the newly bought foods at the back of the fridge or cupboard will encourage people to use the ones that are in the front row. This will ensure that you know what you have and reduce food waste. 5
A．It can help keep your grocery trips short.
B．Having a fully filled fridge may look nice.
C．Your fridge may be too crowded to function well.
D．It is a waste of your money, as well as your effort.
E．Some people like to store up food for emergencies.
F．Foods need proper storage to prevent them going bad.
G．If you can’t see what foods you have, you’ll forget them.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．F 5．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何减少或者完全消除家里的食物浪费提了几条建议。
1．根据空格前的句子“Food waste contributes to ever-growing landfills（食物浪费导致垃圾填埋场不断增加）”可知，浪费掉的食物都被扔进了垃圾场，购买这些食物同样需要花费金钱和精力，所以，这是金钱和精力的浪费。所以D项“It is a waste of your money, as well as your effort.（这是在浪费你的钱，也是在浪费你的精力）”符合题意，和上一句是顺接关系。故选D项。
2．根据空格后的句子“However, if your family cannot eat all the food before it goes bad, then it just adds to food waste.（然而，如果你的家人不能在食物变质之前吃完所有的食物，那么这只会增加食物浪费）”可知，空格处的句子一定提到家里储存大量的食物。所以B项“Having a fully filled fridge may look nice.（一个装满食物的冰箱看起来不错）”符合题意，与上文形成明显的转折关系。故选B项。
3．空格前的句子“Always make a shopping list.（总是列一个购物清单）”建议列购物清单。空格处的句子应该提到这样做的好处。所以A项“It can help keep your grocery trips short.（它可以帮助你缩短购物之旅）”符合题意，A项中的it就是指上一句中的a shopping list。故选A项。
4．空格处的句子是该部分的主题句。空格后的句子“For meats, you have to keep them in the freezer while fruits and vegetables should be stored in the crisper compartment (保鲜室). Although these tips may seem simple, they can help greatly reduce the amount of food waste that your family produces.（对于肉类，你必须把它们放在冰箱里，而水果和蔬菜应该存放在保鲜盒里。虽然这些建议看起来很简单，但它们可以帮助你大大减少家庭产生的食物浪费）”指出不同的食物要用不同的储存方式，所以空格处的句子一定是建议“妥善储存食物”，所以F项“Foods need proper storage to prevent them going bad.（食物需要妥善储存以防止变质）”符合题意。故选F项。
5．空格前的句子“For example, placing the newly bought foods at the back of the fridge or cupboard will encourage people to use the ones that are in the front row. This will ensure that you know what you have and reduce food waste.（例如，把新买的食物放在冰箱或橱柜的后面会鼓励人们使用前排的食物。这将确保你知道你有什么，减少食物浪费）”解释为什么应该把新买的食物放在冰箱或橱柜的后面，空格处的句子应该接着说如果不这样做的弊端。所以G项“If you can’t see what foods you have, you’ll forget them.（如果你看不到你有什么食物，你就会忘记它们）”符合题意。故选G项。
（22-23高一下·江苏泰州·期中）Flash fiction is a fictional short story. If you are willing to write flash fiction on your own, here are some tips.
Select a genre(体裁)for your writing.
To begin with, decide your genre first. 1 Your genre can be science fiction, horror，thriller(惊险小说), or romance, depending on what you like and on readers’demand.
Choose an interesting name for your title.
A title is something that attracts readers. 2 Therefore, as a writer, you should know how to play with words and create unique titles. The title should hold the attention of a more significant number of people.
3
With flash fiction, you don’t have time for lengthy explanations, character introductions, and setting descriptions. You need to go straight into what is happening in order to get everything you want in the story.
Be closely related.
When writing flash fiction, you should know what you’re writing about. Understand what your characters are feeling and experiencing. Pretend you’re a director and see each of your scenes slowly.
Focus on one moment at a time.
Describing one moment at a time. Don’t rush into a new character or scene. 4 This way, with the limited word count, you get to bring light to every aspect of flash fiction.
Use strong imagery.
Using strong imagery can help readers better form a picture in their minds. It’ll bring alive the scenes and the characters. 5 Good flash fiction has vivid(逼真的)imagery described in every part of the story
Create a surprise.
Ending the story with a surprise leaves readers thinking about the story. Your purpose for writing is halfway done when you leave readers guessing what else could have happened.
A．Jump into the action.
B．Explore the scenes fully.
C．Concentrate on a particular part of the story.
D．A wide variety of genres are quite popular these days.
E．It should increase curiosity and make more readers want to read.
F．Through the actions, readers can pull some ideas about the characters.
G．Therefore,having a picturesque description makes the writing feel realistic.
【答案】1．D 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Flash fiction是一种虚构的短篇小说。如果你愿意自己写flash小说，这里有一些建议。
1．上文“To begin with, decide your genre first.”（首先，决定你的类型。）引出话题，提到类型。下文“Your genre can be science fiction, horror, thriller(惊险小说), or romance, depending on what you like and on readers’ demand.”（你的类型可以是科幻小说、恐怖小说、惊悚小说或言情小说，这取决于你的喜好和读者的需求。）说明电影类型。可推知空格处内容为与电影类型相关。结合选项D项A wide variety of genres are quite popular these days.（现在各种类型的电影都很受欢迎。）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
2．上文“A title is something that attracts readers.”（标题是吸引读者的东西。）提到标题可以吸引读者。下文“Therefore, as a writer, you should know how to play with words and create unique titles.”（因此，作为一名作家，你应该知道如何玩弄文字，创造独特的标题。）故可推断空格处内容为吸引读者的原因。结合选项E项It should increase curiosity and make more readers want to read.（它应该会增加好奇心，让更多的读者想要阅读。）符合此推断，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
3．由该题为段落小标题可知，为总结该段内容。该段下文“With flash fiction, you don’t have time for lengthy explanations, character introductions, and setting descriptions. You need to go straight into what is happening in order to get everything you want in the story.”（对于flash小说，你没有时间进行冗长的解释、人物介绍和背景描述。为了在故事中得到你想要的一切，你需要直接进入正在发生的事情。）可知，讲的是立即开始行动。结合选项A项Jump into the action.（立即行动起来。）意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选A项。
4．上文“Don’t rush into a new character or scene.”（不要急于进入一个新的角色或场景。）下文“This way, with the limited word count, you get to bring light to every aspect of flash fiction.”（通过这种方式，在字数有限的情况下，你可以为flash小说的各个方面带来光明。）结合选项C项Concentrate on a particular part of the story.（把注意力集中在故事的特定部分。）为上文的语意递进，同时也引出下文，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
5．上文“Using strong imagery can help readers better form a picture in their minds. It’ll bring alive the scenes and the characters.”（使用强烈的意象可以帮助读者更好地在他们的脑海中形成一幅图画。它会使场景和人物栩栩如生。）说明强烈的意象的好处。结合选项G项Therefore, having a picturesque description makes the writing feel realistic.（因此，有一个生动的描述使写作具有现实感。）和上文内容相关，为上文内容的总结。故选G项。
（22-23高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Humans like exploring the world. Throughout history, we have gone to afar- off places to see how people in other areas leave. That urge (欲望) hasn’t disappeared, despite increasing awareness of the carbon footprint associated with travel. Nor should it—there’re great benefits from seeing the broader world. 1 Consider the following tips to reduce your influence when traveling.
● 2
Not only does it save money, but travelers will avoid lines and crowds. And the damage to the sites is less. The climate benefit is real, too. Traveling during this time means better options for direct flights, which are more fuel-efficient. Planes burn up to 25% of their fuel supply when taking off and climbing, so fewer stopovers (中途停留) mean less fuel used.
● Use public transport
Instead of hiring a private vehicle, you can consider using public means of transport. Carrying lots of people, they cut down the carbon emissions (排放) that would otherwise be given out by many private vehicles. 3
● Pack a “Capsule Travel Bag”
The heavier a plane is, the more fuel it requires to fly. Therefore, packing little is one simple way to reduce your impact. 4 Finnair, Finland’s biggest airline, has calculated that if each passenger were to cut down the weight of their luggage by 5 kilograms, the total reduction could save almost 17,000 toms of CO2 emissions.
● Bring your waste-free tools
A zero-waste routine or creating as little waste as possible is also important when you’re away. To often, though, people use as an excuse to let their waste-reduction efforts fail. 5 In order to reduce your impact on the environment, you need to carry reusable items. For instance, carry reusable shopping bags or reusable water bottles.
A．Travel during the off-season.
B．Explore the less well-known destinations.
C．In case you’re doubtful, there’re related statistics to prove it.
D．That is unfair to the locals of whatever place you are visiting.
E．The pressure on the environment could then be reduced greatly.
F．The popularity of traveling by air makes it hard to cut down the carbon footprint.
G．Fortunately, some aspects of travel can be done in ways gentler to the planet.
【答案】1．G 2．A 3．E 4．C 5．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了减少人们旅行时产生的碳足迹的一些方法。
1．上文“That urge (欲望) hasn’t disappeared, despite increasing awareness of the carbon footprint associated with travel. Nor should it—there’re great benefits from seeing the broader world(这种冲动并没有消失，尽管人们越来越意识到旅行的碳足印。它也不应该消失——因为看到更广阔的世界会带来巨大的好处)”可知，人们旅行会有碳足迹，但是旅行不应该消失，因为它有好处，下文“Consider the following tips to reduce your influence when traveling.(考虑下面的建议，以减少您在旅行带来的影响。)”提到有一些办法来减少人们了旅行的碳足迹，由此可知，空处引起下文，同时和上文是转折关系，指出有办法应对人们旅行时产生的碳足迹，G项“幸运的是，旅行的某些方面可以通过更温和的方式来实现。”符合，故选G。
2．此处是本段小标题。下文“Not only does it save money, but travelers will avoid lines and crowds. And the damage to the sites is less. The climate benefit is real, too. Traveling during this time means better options for direct flights, which are more fuel-efficient. Planes burn up to 25% of their fuel supply when taking off and climbing, so fewer stopovers (中途停留) mean less fuel used.(这不仅省钱，而且旅行者可以避免排队和拥挤。对遗址的破坏也更小。气候变化带来的好处也是真实存在的。这段时间的旅行意味着更好的直航选择，因为直航更省油。飞机在起飞和爬升过程中燃烧了25% 的燃料，所以更少的中途停留意味着更少的燃料消耗。)”是在讲淡季旅行带来的好处。A项“在淡季旅行。”符合，故选A。
3．上文“Instead of hiring a private vehicle, you can consider using public means of transport. Carrying lots of people, they cut down the carbon emissions (排放) that would otherwise be given out by many private vehicles.(你可以考虑使用公共交通工具，而不是租用私家车。它们载着大量的人，减少了许多私家车排放的二氧化碳。)”可知，乘坐公交能减少许多私家车排放的二氧化碳，空处承接上文，继续描述乘坐公交带来的好处，E项“这样可以大大减轻对环境的压力。”符合，故选E。
4．上文“The heavier a plane is, the more fuel it requires to fly. Therefore, packing little is one simple way to reduce your impact. (飞机越重，飞行所需的燃料就越多。因此，少带包装是一个简单的方法，以减少您的影响。)”可知，坐飞机时少带行李能减少飞机所消耗的燃料，下文“Finnair, Finland’s biggest airline, has calculated that if each passenger were to cut down the weight of their luggage by 5 kilograms, the total reduction could save almost 17,000 toms of CO2 emissions.(芬兰最大的航空公司芬兰航空计算出，如果每位乘客的行李重量减少5公斤，总共可以减少近1.7万吨的二氧化碳排放量。)”用数据表明坐飞机时少带行李能减少飞机所消耗的燃料，由此可知，空处引起下文，C项“如果你有疑问，有相关的统计数据可以证明。”符合，“related statistics”和下文“by 5 kilograms”“17,000 toms of CO2 emissions”相呼应，故选C。
5．上文“To often, though, people use as an excuse to let their waste-reduction efforts fail.(然而，人们常常以此为借口，让他们的减排失败。)”指出人们在旅行时，常常找借口，以至于减排失败，下文“In order to reduce your impact on the environment, you need to carry reusable items.(为了减少对环境的影响，您需要携带可重用的物品。)”指出要如何做能达到减排，由此可知，空处应该承接上文，指出人们减排失败造成的不好影响，D项“不管你去什么地方，这对当地人都是不公平的。”符合，故选D。
（22-23高一下·江苏盐城·期中）Chou doufu is a fermented (发酵的) tofu with a strong smell but good flavour. The street snack is usually sold at night, served out of a small bowl and toothpicks (牙签) to pick it up. 1 .
Chou dou fu was invented by a man named Wang Zhihe during the Qing Dynasty. He studied to become a local officer, but tried and failed many times. Every time he left his hometown to take the exam in the capital city, he would end up using all of his money for travelling and be left with nothing to buy food. 2 , Wang Zhihe decided to make a living in the capital city while preparing for the next year’s exam.
His family back home was wealthy from their tofu factory business. 3 . He bought some simple tools to make it in order to sell it on the street. During that time, the summer heat was causing the fresh tofu that he didn’t sell to become moldy (发霉). 4 . He decided to cut the tofu into smaller pieces, dry them in the sun and then pickle (腌渍) them with salt. They were stored in a jar until autumn came. The moment he opened the jar, he was hit with the special smell of fermented tofu that had become grey. 5 , so he sent them to the neighbors who found that they enjoyed the dish, too. From then on, chou doufu has become a famous street snack.
A．To earn much more money
B．He wanted to buy it immediately
C．To save himself the travelling cost and the time
D．There he learned how to make tofu at a young age
E．Here is a story about the beginning of chou doufu
F．He tried one and didn’t think its taste was terrible
G．He didn’t want to waste his food so he came up with a way to keep it
【答案】1．E 2．C 3．D 4．G 5．F
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了王致和的臭豆腐的来历。
1．上文“Chou doufu is a fermented (发酵的) tofu with a strong smell but good flavour. The street snack is usually sold at night, served out of a small bowl and toothpicks (牙签) to pick it up. (臭豆腐是一种发酵的豆腐，气味很重，但味道很好。这种街头小吃通常在晚上出售，盛在一个小碗里，用牙签捡起来。)”，上文描述了街头小吃臭豆腐，E项“Here is a story about the beginning of chou doufu (这里有一个关于臭豆腐起源的故事)”承接上文话题，为总领句；下文“Chou dou fu was invented by a man named Wang Zhihe during the Qing Dynasty. (臭豆腐是清朝时期一个叫王致和的人发明的。)”，下文顺接上文，开始讲述相关故事，上下文衔接连贯。故选E项。
2．上文“Every time he left his hometown to take the exam in the capital city, he would end up using all of his money for travelling and be left with nothing to buy food. (每次他离开家乡去京城参加考试，他最后都会把所有的钱都花在旅行上，没有钱买食物。)”，此处为下文埋下伏笔，说明王致和如何打理自己的钱财，解决三餐问题，C项“To save himself the travelling cost and the time (为了节省自己的旅费和时间)”表目的，下文“Wang Zhihe decided to make a living in the capital city while preparing for the next year’s exam. (王致和决定一边准备明年的考试，一边在首都北京谋生。)”可知，王致和不再往返家乡，而是留在京城，免去了旅行的费用，并做点生意，维持自己的生活。上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选C项。
3．上文“His family back home was wealthy from their tofu factory business. (他的家人在家乡靠经营豆腐工厂发家的。)”，说明了王致和的家庭背景，D项“There he learned how to make tofu at a young age (在那里，他很小就学会了如何做豆腐)”，与上文为顺接关系，下文“He bought some simple tools to make it in order to sell it on the street. (为了在街上卖豆腐，他买了一些简单的工具来制作它。)”，此处呼应上一段的“Wang Zhihe decided to make a living in the capital city while preparing for the next year’s exam. (王致和决定一边准备明年的考试，一边在首都北京谋生。)”，此处上下文阐述了当时王致和在京城时利用自己熟悉的家族生意来谋生，上下文衔接连贯，故选D项。
4．上文“During that time, the summer heat was causing the fresh tofu that he didn’t sell to become moldy (发霉). (在那段时间里，夏天的炎热导致他没有卖出去的新鲜豆腐发霉了)”，可知，下文将提及王致和如何解决这个豆腐发霉的问题，G项“He didn’t want to waste his food so he came up with a way to keep it (他不想浪费他的食物，所以他想出了一个保存豆腐的方法)”，下文“He decided to cut the tofu into smaller pieces, dry them in the sun and then pickle (腌渍) them with salt. They were stored in a jar until autumn came. (他决定把豆腐切成小块，在太阳下晒干，然后用盐腌渍。它们被储存在一个罐子里，直到秋天来临。)”下文为王致和想到的可操作的办法，上下文衔接连贯，故选G项。
5．上文“The moment he opened the jar, he was hit with the special smell of fermented tofu that had become grey. (他一打开罐子，就闻到一股腐乳的特殊气味，腐乳已经变成了灰色。)”为当时王致和打开罐头时的场景，F项“He tried one and didn’t think its taste was terrible (他尝了一口，觉得味道还不错)”，此处提及口感，下文“so he sent them to the neighbors who found that they enjoyed the dish, too. (于是他把它们送到邻居那里，邻居们发现他们也很喜欢这道菜。)”，顺接上文，为因果关系，最终臭豆腐为邻居喜欢。故选F项。
（22-23高一下·江苏泰州·期中）When my children haven’t played outside enough, I can tell their energy levels will go up and the noise will increase in the house. I feel upset, so I tell them it’s time to go outside. Usually, they complain and come up with reasons why staying in is better, but I insist. Within minutes, they’re out and running around. Sometimes I give them a minimum time limit, say 20 minutes, before they could come back inside. 1
Kids need consistent outdoor play. There are many benefits, and I’d like to share some of them.
Outdoor play is good for kids’ physical health. 2 Movements like rolling and jumping also stimulate a child’s vestibular system. It’s the organizer for other senses and affects things like balance and space awareness. Children need to stimulate it regularly, and outdoor play allows this to happen naturally.
Outdoor play is beneficial mentally. It makes kids happy. You will see it when they come inside, tired but satisfied. It also gives children a chance to be in a space without fixed rules. There are no requirements to be quiet or stay clean. 3 It helps result in imaginative play and a creative flow state.
4 There’s so much active learning that goes on outdoors. When kids get outdoors, they take the information they’ve heard in the classroom and apply it to real life. For example, building a bridge across a hole that will support the weight or getting the right consistency of mud by mixing dirt and water. They’ll also do better in school after spending more time outside.
Outdoor play is of great importance, so encourage your kids to take part in it. 5 You can also take them to beautiful parks and forests on weekends. Your kids will get hours of enjoyment, and the benefits are far-reaching.
A．It also has educational value.
B．Make your yard more interesting for them.
C．Don’t ask them to follow too many restrictions.
D．It connects physical exercise with better education, too.
E．So kids are free to do almost anything that entertains them.
F．But often they forget about it once they’re wrapped up in a game.
G．It helps build up strength and reduces the likelihood of overweight.
【答案】1．F 2．G 3．E 4．A 5．B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了户外玩耍对孩子的好处。
1．根据空前“Sometimes I give them a minimum time limit, say 20 minutes, before they could come back inside.(有时我会给他们最低时间限制，比如说，20分钟之后才能进家里面去)”可知，空前提到作者将孩子们叫去户外玩耍，并给他们最低时间限制，故F项“但他们总是会因为玩一个游戏而忘记了时间限制”符合题意，F项的it指代空前的20 minutes，故选F项。
2．根据主旨句“Outdoor play is good for kids’ physical health.(户外玩耍对孩子的身体健康有好处)”可知，空处陈述内容与户外运动对身体有好处有关。G项“它有助于增强体力，并减少超重的可能性。”符合题意，是空前的顺义承接。故选G项。
3．根据空前“There are no requirements to be quiet or stay clean.(他们不需要保持安静或者整洁)”可知，空前提到孩子在户外玩耍不用顾忌安静或者保持整洁，故E项“他们可以自由地做任何他们喜欢做的事情”是前文的结果，与前文构成因果关系，故选E项。
4．空处为本段主旨句。根据空后“There’s so much active learning that goes on outdoors. When kids get outdoors, they take the information they’ve heard in the classroom an
