专题14 阅读理解 考点4 议论文（第02期）
（2024·北京·中考真题）
Almost everyone has experienced the feeling of discomfort when their actions do not agree with their inner values. A man, for example, values work-life balance yet works 80 hours every week, caring little about his own health and family. Another example is a boy who holds his parents’ love dear but gets angry at them in a moment of stress; or a woman who hopes to live healthily but gives in to the attraction of fast food during moments of weakness.
This disagreement can lead to serious results, such as worsening relationships, limited personal growth, and self-doubt. The emotional effects of feeling out of control and unable to live up to our own standards can also be deeply harmful. The shame and upset that go along with these feelings often force us into silence, resulting in more self-doubt. One reason for this silence might be that admitting (承认) to these behaviors can feel like showing a weakness or mistake that society tells us should be kept hidden. What’s more, recognizing this disagreement requires coming face to face with uncomfortable truths about ourselves—a process that is as discouraging as it is necessary for growth.
Recognizing and addressing these behaviors can provide a possibility of change. By looking into the causes of our behaviors, we can begin to understand our actions more easily and work toward sticking to our beliefs. Research supports the idea that recognizing this disagreement, together with mindfulness and open communication, can help with this process. These methods help us slow down, reflect (反思), and choose behaviors that follow our values more closely, even in the face of old habits or immediate needs.
The key to dealing with this disagreement lies in compassion (同情) for ourselves and others. By developing a culture of openness and by understanding the challenges of aligning behaviors with beliefs, we can begin to break down what prevents us from having conversation and change. Admitting that this disagreement is a shared part of the human experience can enable us to speak openly, find support, and take necessary steps toward the agreement between our inner world and our actions.
While the disagreement between our inner values and actions may be common, through reflection, understanding and purposeful practice, we can bridge the divide and set out on a journey of self-discovery.
1．Why does the writer use the examples in Paragraph 1
A．To stress an unavoidable need. B．To show a result of the wrong values.
C．To describe a common human experience. D．To introduce a change in people’s relationships.
2．What does the word “aligning” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean
A．Matching. B．Comparing. C．Mixing. D．Confusing.
3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with
A．Discomfort forces us to give up our beliefs.
B．Our behaviors weaken our understandings of life.
C．Open communication makes it possible for us to change.
D．Keeping silent allows us time to live up to our standards.
4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To encourage people to stay true to their beliefs.
B．To prove the importance of having the right values.
C．To compare different ways to deal with discomfort.
D．To discuss the influence of people’s improper actions.
（2024·内蒙古包头·中考真题）
In China, more and more people read at community reading rooms. For example, Luyang district of Hefei has built more than 100 reading rooms in recent years, so people can enjoy the fun of reading at their doorsteps. In the UK, 3,718 libraries provide different kinds of services, including lending out books and offering a free, warm and safe space for people to go to. Some libraries make it easier to borrow books: for example, by delivering books to library users’ doorsteps.
Libraries do more than house books. They provide people with other services and tools, such as computers, and create a sense of community. However, many libraries in the UK are at risk of closing because they can’t afford the cost of operating. Library fines (罚款) are carried out when people don’t return books on time.
Many people in the UK believe that fines are needed because they help libraries improve services, and prevent people from returning books late. Without fines, people might be more relaxed and many more books could be returned late. After all, some books are so popular that there can be a waiting list for people who want to read it next. Libraries only work if people borrowing books return them on time, ready for other library users to enjoy.
However, one third of Britain’s libraries are fine-free now. This means some library users who don’t return books by the date agreed are not charged (收费). Besides, people who don’t have much money really depend on libraries to help them save some money, not spend it. Many libraries have got rid of fines all together, which makes libraries more welcoming environments.
So, should libraries stop fining people See what we find in other countries.
5．What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A．Libraries are facing more challenges. B．Libraries are popular with young readers.
C．It’s convenient for people to read nowadays. D．It’s not easy to find a place to relax after work.
6．Why are many libraries in the UK at risk of closing
A．Some people break the library rules. B．They can’t afford the cost of operating.
C．They are short of books and computers. D．More community libraries have been built.
7．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Library fines can be stressful to readers. B．Libraries need money to improve services.
C．There are different views on library fines in Britain. D．People prefer reading in community reading rooms.
8．What might the author continue talking about
A．Library rules in the UK. B．Good reading habits around the UK.
C．Designs for libraries in Asia and Europe. D．Facts about library fines in other countries.
（2024·河北·中考真题）
At an early age, we start learning how to manage money by watching our parents’ spending habits. Don’t worry if we haven’t learned well how to save or spend money. The following life lessons about money can help us form good spending habits.
Money doesn’t grow on trees. As kids, we don’t often think about where money comes from. We need to know that our parents work hard to make money, and that it may be used up one day. Going to their workplaces to watch how they work is a great way to understand money is not that easy to make.
We shouldn’t spend all our money in one go. It’s important for us to have a budget (预算) . In other words, we need to think about how much money we have and what we really want to spend it on. Realizing that our pocket money can’t cover everything we want, we should make smart spending choices.
We should set a clear goal and watch our money grow. If we wish to own a new bicycle but can’t afford it, we can save our pocket money. How Write down how much money we have in a notebook and watch it grow. After we have enough, we can buy that wonderful bicycle we’ve dreamed about! Reaching our goal will greatly satiate us.
We can talk with our parents about how money is used and where money goes. Do you know what a bank account (账户) is If not, communicate with our parents. We can also go to the supermarket with our parents to experience how money is spent in the real world.
Without doubt, we should treat money in a right way. Actually, learning about money isn’t a hard job. From these lessons, we can get a sense of money management and right money values step by step!
9．Where does money come from according to the text
A．Parents’ hard work. B．Kids’ life lessons.
C．Good spending habits. D．The bank account.
10．What does the writer want kids to do by giving the example of buying a bicycle
A．Buy a wonderful notebook. B．Make a free spending choice.
C．Set a goal of saving money. D．Have an experience of shopping.
11．What does the underlined word “satiate” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Relax. B．Interest. C．Surprise. D．Satisfy.
12．Which of the following will the writer probably agree with
A．Adults can make money grow more.
B．Kids should have a money spending plan.
C．Parents may give kids lots of pocket money.
D．Supermarkets will be places to change money.
13．What is the best title for the text
A．Causes of Spending Money B．Ways of Managing Money
C．Purposes of Treating Money D．Conditions of Saving Money
（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）
Friends are important in our lives, but we sometimes have to separate from our friends. “A Farewell (告别) Song” is about saying goodbye to a friend. It is a famous poem by Wang Wei, a great poet, who lived in Tang Dynasty. He is good at writing poems and drawing. When talking about Wang Wei, people often say there are pictures in his poems and there are poems in his pictures. His poems are full of beauty and imagination.
“No dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain”, “The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green”, a picture of silence and peace gets into our eyes. After a morning rain in spring, the road, the willows (柳树) and the hotel are completely different. The hotel looks green. The willows look fresh. Everything is nice, gentle and silent. Willow branches are considered as a typical symbol of farewell in China. In ancient times, Chinese people often used them as gifts when they said goodbye to their friends.
“I invite you to drink a cup of wine again” is the poet’s warm and real way of not wanting to say goodbye to his friend. Having another drink together is like a symbol of their goodbye. Lastly, “West of the sunny pass no more friends will be seen” shows the feeling of being alone and missing someone. It also shows his sincere love and care for his friend.
“A Farewell Song” creates a feeling of quiet sadness. It mixes beautiful pictures and human feelings to deeply express the common experience of saying goodbye.
14．Who is the writer of this poem
A．李白 B．王维 C．杜甫
15．When did Wang Wei’s friend leave in the poem
A．In spring. B．In summer. C．In autumn.
16．What is considered as a typical symbol of farewell in China
A．A morning rain. B．A hotel. C．A willow branch.
17．Which of the following rhymes (押韵) are RIGHT for this poem
A．aa-bb. B．ab-ab. C．ab-cd.
18．What does Wang Wei want to show in this poem
A．To show his excitement after seeing his old friend.
B．To show his joy before separating from his friend.
C．To show a feeling of quiet sadness before farewell.
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)专题14 阅读理解 考点4 议论文（第02期）
（2024·北京·中考真题）
Almost everyone has experienced the feeling of discomfort when their actions do not agree with their inner values. A man, for example, values work-life balance yet works 80 hours every week, caring little about his own health and family. Another example is a boy who holds his parents’ love dear but gets angry at them in a moment of stress; or a woman who hopes to live healthily but gives in to the attraction of fast food during moments of weakness.
This disagreement can lead to serious results, such as worsening relationships, limited personal growth, and self-doubt. The emotional effects of feeling out of control and unable to live up to our own standards can also be deeply harmful. The shame and upset that go along with these feelings often force us into silence, resulting in more self-doubt. One reason for this silence might be that admitting (承认) to these behaviors can feel like showing a weakness or mistake that society tells us should be kept hidden. What’s more, recognizing this disagreement requires coming face to face with uncomfortable truths about ourselves—a process that is as discouraging as it is necessary for growth.
Recognizing and addressing these behaviors can provide a possibility of change. By looking into the causes of our behaviors, we can begin to understand our actions more easily and work toward sticking to our beliefs. Research supports the idea that recognizing this disagreement, together with mindfulness and open communication, can help with this process. These methods help us slow down, reflect (反思), and choose behaviors that follow our values more closely, even in the face of old habits or immediate needs.
The key to dealing with this disagreement lies in compassion (同情) for ourselves and others. By developing a culture of openness and by understanding the challenges of aligning behaviors with beliefs, we can begin to break down what prevents us from having conversation and change. Admitting that this disagreement is a shared part of the human experience can enable us to speak openly, find support, and take necessary steps toward the agreement between our inner world and our actions.
While the disagreement between our inner values and actions may be common, through reflection, understanding and purposeful practice, we can bridge the divide and set out on a journey of self-discovery.
1．Why does the writer use the examples in Paragraph 1
A．To stress an unavoidable need. B．To show a result of the wrong values.
C．To describe a common human experience. D．To introduce a change in people’s relationships.
2．What does the word “aligning” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean
A．Matching. B．Comparing. C．Mixing. D．Confusing.
3．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with
A．Discomfort forces us to give up our beliefs.
B．Our behaviors weaken our understandings of life.
C．Open communication makes it possible for us to change.
D．Keeping silent allows us time to live up to our standards.
4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage
A．To encourage people to stay true to their beliefs.
B．To prove the importance of having the right values.
C．To compare different ways to deal with discomfort.
D．To discuss the influence of people’s improper actions.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．A
【导语】本文介绍了人们在生活中会遇到很多实际行动违背自己内心价值观的情况，这会让我们感到不舒服，甚至带来严重后果，但只要通过反思、理解和有目的的实践，我们就可以弥合这种分歧，踏上自我发现之旅。
1．推理判断题。通读第一段可知，本段第一句提出了一个观点：几乎每个人都会经历实际行动违背内心价值观带来的不适感，下文列举了三个具体的例子。由此可推知，作者在第一段中举例子是为了具体描述这种普遍的人类经历。故选C。
2．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“By developing a culture of openness and by understanding the challenges of aligning behaviors with beliefs, we can begin to break down what prevents us from having conversation and change.”可知，这里指通过发展一种开放的文化，通过理解使行为与信念保持一致的挑战，人们能够开始突破那些不利于我们进行对话和改变的障碍。上文一直在说行为与信念的“不一致”，由此可推知，此处的“挑战”应指使行为与信念保持一致。画线词应意为“使一致”，与A项意思相近。故选A。
3．推理判断题。通读第三段尤其是第三句“Research supports the idea that recognizing this disagreement, together with mindfulness and open communication, can help with this process.”可知，作者认为意识到这种分歧，再加上保持警觉，进行坦诚的沟通，可以使人们发生改变。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了人们在生活中会遇到很多实际行动违背内心价值观的情况，这会让我们感到不舒服，甚至带来严重后果，但只要通过反思、理解和有目的的实践，我们就可以弥合这种分歧，踏上自我发现之旅。由此可推知，作者写本文的目的是鼓励人们忠于自己的信仰，坚守本心。故选A。
（2024·内蒙古包头·中考真题）
In China, more and more people read at community reading rooms. For example, Luyang district of Hefei has built more than 100 reading rooms in recent years, so people can enjoy the fun of reading at their doorsteps. In the UK, 3,718 libraries provide different kinds of services, including lending out books and offering a free, warm and safe space for people to go to. Some libraries make it easier to borrow books: for example, by delivering books to library users’ doorsteps.
Libraries do more than house books. They provide people with other services and tools, such as computers, and create a sense of community. However, many libraries in the UK are at risk of closing because they can’t afford the cost of operating. Library fines (罚款) are carried out when people don’t return books on time.
Many people in the UK believe that fines are needed because they help libraries improve services, and prevent people from returning books late. Without fines, people might be more relaxed and many more books could be returned late. After all, some books are so popular that there can be a waiting list for people who want to read it next. Libraries only work if people borrowing books return them on time, ready for other library users to enjoy.
However, one third of Britain’s libraries are fine-free now. This means some library users who don’t return books by the date agreed are not charged (收费). Besides, people who don’t have much money really depend on libraries to help them save some money, not spend it. Many libraries have got rid of fines all together, which makes libraries more welcoming environments.
So, should libraries stop fining people See what we find in other countries.
5．What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A．Libraries are facing more challenges. B．Libraries are popular with young readers.
C．It’s convenient for people to read nowadays. D．It’s not easy to find a place to relax after work.
6．Why are many libraries in the UK at risk of closing
A．Some people break the library rules. B．They can’t afford the cost of operating.
C．They are short of books and computers. D．More community libraries have been built.
7．What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Library fines can be stressful to readers. B．Libraries need money to improve services.
C．There are different views on library fines in Britain. D．People prefer reading in community reading rooms.
8．What might the author continue talking about
A．Library rules in the UK. B．Good reading habits around the UK.
C．Designs for libraries in Asia and Europe. D．Facts about library fines in other countries.
【答案】5．C 6．B 7．C 8．D
【导语】本文主要讨论了英国图书馆的罚款问题，以及这个问题在英国社会中的不同观点。
5．段落大意题。根据第一段“so people can enjoy the fun of reading at their doorsteps…Some libraries make it easier to borrow books…”可知，文章第一段以中国和英国的一些图书馆为例，介绍了现如今人们阅读非常方便。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, many libraries in the UK are at risk of closing because they can’t afford the cost of operating.”可知，许多英国的图书馆面临关闭的风险，是因为它们无法承担运营成本。故选B。
7．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Many people in the UK believe that fines are needed”及第四段“Many libraries have got rid of fines all together, which makes libraries more welcoming environments.”及全文可知，全文主要讨论了英国图书馆的罚款问题，以及这个问题在英国社会中的不同观点。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So, should libraries stop fining people See what we find in other countries.”可知，作者可能会继续讨论其他国家的图书馆罚款情况。故选D。
（2024·河北·中考真题）
At an early age, we start learning how to manage money by watching our parents’ spending habits. Don’t worry if we haven’t learned well how to save or spend money. The following life lessons about money can help us form good spending habits.
Money doesn’t grow on trees. As kids, we don’t often think about where money comes from. We need to know that our parents work hard to make money, and that it may be used up one day. Going to their workplaces to watch how they work is a great way to understand money is not that easy to make.
We shouldn’t spend all our money in one go. It’s important for us to have a budget (预算) . In other words, we need to think about how much money we have and what we really want to spend it on. Realizing that our pocket money can’t cover everything we want, we should make smart spending choices.
We should set a clear goal and watch our money grow. If we wish to own a new bicycle but can’t afford it, we can save our pocket money. How Write down how much money we have in a notebook and watch it grow. After we have enough, we can buy that wonderful bicycle we’ve dreamed about! Reaching our goal will greatly satiate us.
We can talk with our parents about how money is used and where money goes. Do you know what a bank account (账户) is If not, communicate with our parents. We can also go to the supermarket with our parents to experience how money is spent in the real world.
Without doubt, we should treat money in a right way. Actually, learning about money isn’t a hard job. From these lessons, we can get a sense of money management and right money values step by step!
9．Where does money come from according to the text
A．Parents’ hard work. B．Kids’ life lessons.
C．Good spending habits. D．The bank account.
10．What does the writer want kids to do by giving the example of buying a bicycle
A．Buy a wonderful notebook. B．Make a free spending choice.
C．Set a goal of saving money. D．Have an experience of shopping.
11．What does the underlined word “satiate” mean in Paragraph 4
A．Relax. B．Interest. C．Surprise. D．Satisfy.
12．Which of the following will the writer probably agree with
A．Adults can make money grow more.
B．Kids should have a money spending plan.
C．Parents may give kids lots of pocket money.
D．Supermarkets will be places to change money.
13．What is the best title for the text
A．Causes of Spending Money B．Ways of Managing Money
C．Purposes of Treating Money D．Conditions of Saving Money
【答案】9．A 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了关于金钱管理的一些生活经验和建议，强调了金钱的来之不易，需要合理规划和使用，以及设定目标进行储蓄等观点。
9．细节理解题。根据“We need to know that our parents work hard to make money”可知，金钱来自于父母的辛勤工作。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据“If we wish to own a new bicycle but can’t afford it, we can save our pocket money.”可知，如果我们想拥有一辆新自行车，但买不起，我们可以省下零花钱，作者希望孩子们通过购买自行车的例子设定一个储蓄的目标。故选C。
11．词句猜测题。根据“After we have enough, we can buy that wonderful bicycle we’ve dreamed about!”可知，划线部分单词意为“满足”，与Satisfy意思相近。故选D。
12．细节理解题。根据“We shouldn’t spend all our money in one go. It’s important for us to have a budget (预算) .”可知，我们不应该一次花光所有的钱，预算对我们来说很重要。因此作者认为孩子们应该有一个花钱的计划。故选B。
13．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了我们应该如何理解和管理金钱，以及如何形成良好的消费习惯，所以最佳标题应该是“管理金钱的方式”。故选B。
（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）
Friends are important in our lives, but we sometimes have to separate from our friends. “A Farewell (告别) Song” is about saying goodbye to a friend. It is a famous poem by Wang Wei, a great poet, who lived in Tang Dynasty. He is good at writing poems and drawing. When talking about Wang Wei, people often say there are pictures in his poems and there are poems in his pictures. His poems are full of beauty and imagination.
“No dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain”, “The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green”, a picture of silence and peace gets into our eyes. After a morning rain in spring, the road, the willows (柳树) and the hotel are completely different. The hotel looks green. The willows look fresh. Everything is nice, gentle and silent. Willow branches are considered as a typical symbol of farewell in China. In ancient times, Chinese people often used them as gifts when they said goodbye to their friends.
“I invite you to drink a cup of wine again” is the poet’s warm and real way of not wanting to say goodbye to his friend. Having another drink together is like a symbol of their goodbye. Lastly, “West of the sunny pass no more friends will be seen” shows the feeling of being alone and missing someone. It also shows his sincere love and care for his friend.
“A Farewell Song” creates a feeling of quiet sadness. It mixes beautiful pictures and human feelings to deeply express the common experience of saying goodbye.
14．Who is the writer of this poem
A．李白 B．王维 C．杜甫
15．When did Wang Wei’s friend leave in the poem
A．In spring. B．In summer. C．In autumn.
16．What is considered as a typical symbol of farewell in China
A．A morning rain. B．A hotel. C．A willow branch.
17．Which of the following rhymes (押韵) are RIGHT for this poem
A．aa-bb. B．ab-ab. C．ab-cd.
18．What does Wang Wei want to show in this poem
A．To show his excitement after seeing his old friend.
B．To show his joy before separating from his friend.
C．To show a feeling of quiet sadness before farewell.
【答案】14．B 15．A 16．C 17．B 18．C
【导语】本文是鉴赏王维《送元二使安西》这首诗。
14．细节理解题。根据“It is a famous poem by Wang Wei”可知，这是王维写的诗，故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据“After a morning rain in spring…Chinese people often used them as gifts when they said goodbye to their friends”可知，朋友是在春天离开，故选A。
16．细节理解题。根据“Willow branches are considered as a typical symbol of farewell in China.”可知，柳枝在中国被认为是告别的典型象征，故选C。
17．推理判断题。根据整首诗的特点可知，这是ab-ab韵，故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据“is the poet’s warm and real way of not wanting to say goodbye to his friend”以及“creates a feeling of quiet sadness”可知，想表达的是在告别前的一种悲伤，故选C。
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