Topic 01 人文地理-2025年初中英语中考传统文化阅读与写作专练

2025年初中英语中考传统文化阅读与写作专练
Topic 01 人文地理
话题解读
文化
早知道
中国的人文地理特征丰富多样，每个地方都有其独特之处。北部地区的平原和历史遗迹、东部地区的经济和文化、南部地区的水乡和民俗、西南部地区的山川和民族文化，都是中国人文地理的瑰宝。这些特征不仅展示了中国的历史和文化底蕴，也吸引着无数游客和研究者前来探寻。
考情
早知道
中考对于人文地理的考查主要体现在自然风光、自然景观、人文景观、民族风情、城市历史与发展等方面，旨在考查学生对地理知识的理解和应用能力。例如，2024年福建中考的短文填空介绍了中国的古城西安，2023年吉林中考的阅读理解介绍了一些少数民族的风俗习惯。
Passage 1
完形填空
(壶口瀑布)
Hukou Waterfall: Water Falls from the Sky
Hukou Waterfall is the largest yellow waterfall in the world. It is also the second largest waterfall in China.
From its headwaters in Qinghai Province, the Yellow River runs all the way to the east and 1 to the Bohai Sea. As it flows to Hukou Village, the river sharply narrows(变窄)from 300 meters 2 to only about 30 meters. The calm water suddenly falls down into a deep pool. As a result, a wonderful 3 appears. It seems that the water pours down from a big teapot, so it has the name Hukou-meaning the 4 of a teapot in Chinese.
The falling water brings huge smoke and clouds, with color 5 from yellow to grey, grey to blue. People call this heart-shaking sight "smoke from the river". There is also a stone under the waterfall. It 6 up and down with the falling water. It is not seen all the time as the water is always changing.
Over history, lots of poets and painters once traveled here. They enjoyed the 7 view(景色)， and left numerous works about the great waterfall. 8 them, Li Bai's Invitation to Wine(《将进酒》)may be the best-known. The 9 says,“ Do you not see the Yellow River come from the sky, rushing into the sea, and never come back?”
There are two best periods(时期)to 10 Hukou Waterfall. One is April to May; the other is September to November. Why? Because the water is full!
1 A. quickly
B. finally
C. easily
D. quietly
2 A. long
B. high
C. wide
D. deep
3 A. stone
B. pool
C. teapot
D. waterfall
4 A. mouth
B. shape
C. bottom
D. cover
5 A. facing
B. turning
C. drawing
D. shaking
6 A. climbs
B. shouts
C. moves
D. starts
7 A. lifeless
B. uncomfortable
C. awful
D. excellent
8 A. With
B. Opposite
C. Among
D. Across
9 A. painting
B. poem
C. song
D. music
10 A. build
B. visit
C. read
D. check
文化拓展
壶口瀑布：千里黄河一壶收
黄河壶口瀑布是黄河河道上第一大瀑布。它飞流直泻，巨浪滔天，气吞山河，涛声震天，两岸残崖峭壁，蔚为天下奇观。排山倒海般的瀑布冲击岩石发出“谷涧响雷”的轰鸣；巨涛激起数十米高的浪花，远看成“水里冒烟”的景观，阳光下引导出“彩虹通天”的美景。瀑布左下方有流水侵蚀出地下石廊可仰望瀑布“黄河之水天上来”的壮丽景色。
壶口瀑布的形成与当地的地层、构造、气候、水文等自然地理因素条件有关。壶口一带出露的基岩主要是三叠系纸坊组(群)(距今约2亿年左右)，上部为紫红色、紫灰色和灰绿色细砂岩与泥质岩类互层，下部为厚层砂岩、薄层砂岩、泥岩类岩石，页岩比较发育，因而河谷中的岩层软硬交替，使流水的侵蚀作用得以加剧。
语篇解读
壶口瀑布被称为“世界第一大黄色瀑布”，同时，它也是中国第二大瀑布。本文主要介绍了壶口瀑布形成的原因、名字的由来以及壮观的景色。
答案详析
1.B 根据空前的From its headwaters、“runs all the way to the east”和空后的to the Bohai Sea并结合常识可知，此处介绍了黄河的起点和终点：它发源于青海省，最终注人渤海。
2.C 根据空前的narrows from 300 meters和空后的“only about 30 meters”可知，当黄河流至壶口村时，河流迅速从300米宽变窄到只有大约30米宽。
3.D 根据标题中的Hukou Waterfall和下一句中的“it has the name Hukou”可知，空前内容讲述的是壶口瀑布的形成过程，故此处指结果，一条奇妙的瀑布出现了。
4.A 根据空前的“it has the name Hukou”和空后的a teapot in Chinese可知，此处是在解释“壶口”在汉语中的意思，即茶壶的嘴。
5.B 根据空后的“from yellow to grey, grey to blue”可知，此处指颜色由黄变为灰，由灰变为蓝。
6.C 根据上一句“There is also a stone under the waterfall.”可知，在瀑布的下方有一块石头；根据下一句“It is not seen all the time as the water is always changing."可知，由于水流一直在变化，所以并不是时时刻刻都能看到它（石头）。由此推测，此处指它（石头）随着落下的水上下移动。
7.D 上文描述了壶口瀑布奇妙的景色；再根据空后的“left numerous works about the great waterfall”可知，诗人和画家留下了许多关于这一瀑布的作品，故此处指他们欣赏这绝妙的景色。
8.C 根据上一句可知，很多诗人和画家留下了许多关于这一瀑布的作品，故此处指在这些作品中，李白的《将进酒》可能是最有名的。among“在三者或三者以上之间”，符合语境。
9.B 根据常识可知，《将进酒》是李白的诗；结合语境可知，此处指这首诗说到：“君不见，黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回？”poem“诗”，符合语境。
10.B 根据空后的“One is April to May; the other is September to November. Why? Because the water is full!”可知，空后解释了为什么4月～5月和9月～11月是参观壶口瀑布的最佳时期。
Passage 2
阅读理解
(茶卡盐湖:“中国的天空之境”)
Chaka Salt Lake is n Qinghai Province. It sits at an altitude(海拔)of 3,059 meters and covers an area of about 105 square kilometers. It is rich in salt with a thick salt bed close to the lake surface. That makes the lake a main source(来源)of salt in our country. When the weather is clear, the lake provides beautiful reflections(映像)of the blue sky. That is why people call it “Sky Mirror":
Because of its amazing views, people see the lake as one of the must-go places in China. The best time to visit it would be from July to August. It is believed that breathing in salt-rich air there is especially good for the lungs(肺)。
If you want to go on a trip to the lake, the following tips may be helpful.
★Don't eat the salt in the lake directly.
★Wear sunglasses and a hat because of the ultraviolet rays(紫外线)。
★Prepare some medicine for the weak and the elderly to deal with altitude sickness.
Traveling to such a beautiful world of salt surrounded by snowy mountains and green grasslands, you will feel like you are in a wonderland.
If you have a chance, why not go there and enjoy the amazing views?
1 What makes the lake a main source of salt in China?
A. The wide area of the lake.
B. The high altitude of the lake.
C. The warm weather of the lake.
D. The thick salt bed of the lake.
2 Why do people call Chaka Salt Lake “Sky Mirror”？
A. Because it has rich salt.
B. Because it has salt-rich air.
C. Because the ultraviolet rays there are strong.
D. Because it can reflect the beautiful blue sky.
3 Which of the following is the writer's advice?
A. Wear sunglasses.
B. Taste the salt in the lake.
C. Prepare all kinds of medicine.
D. Bring the old people to the lake.
4 What can we learn from the passage?
A. Chaka Salt Lake has a warm winter.
B. Chaka Salt Lake is a big lake in South China.
C. The best season to visit Chaka Salt Lake is summer.
D. Visitors can't enjoy snowy mountains around Chaka Salt Lake.
5 Who is most probably interested in this passage?
A. Jane, who likes to travel very much.
B. Lily, who loves indoor activities.
C. Jim, who is crazy about basketball.
D. Tom, who has interest in space.
文化拓展
茶卡盐湖：湖水融化蓝天里
茶卡盐湖景区，位于青海省海西州乌兰县茶卡镇，湖面面积约105平方千米，游览面积30平方千米，是柴达木盆地的东大门。“茶卡”是藏语，意即盐池，蒙古语“达布逊淖尔”，也就是青盐的海。这里历史悠久，文韵悠长，是中国盐文化发源地之一，自古称为西宫咸池。
茶卡盐湖是固液并存的卤水湖，镶嵌在雪山草地间，盐湖水域宽广，银波粼粼，蓝天白云、雪山映入湖中，如诗如画。置身于盐的世界，漫步湖面如行走云端之上，水映天、天接地、人在湖间走，宛如画中游。茶卡盐湖因此被誉为“中国的天空之镜”，更被国家旅游地理杂志评为“人一生要去的55个地方”之一。
语篇解读
被誉为“天空之镜”的茶卡盐湖吸引了无数人神往。本文主要介绍了茶卡盐湖的地理概况，并给出了三条去那里旅游的建议。
答案详析
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It is rich in salt with a thick salt bed close...of salt i our country.”可知，茶卡盐湖富含盐分，厚厚的盐层接近湖面，这使得该湖成为我国盐的主要来源。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“When the weather is clear, the lake provides...why people call it ＇Sky Mirror'.”可知，当天气晴朗时，湖面会映射出蓝天美丽的倒影，这就是为什么人们叫它“天空之镜”。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第二条建议“Wear sunglasses and a hat because of the ultraviolet rays.”可知，作者建议戴太阳镜。
4.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The best time to visit it would be from July to August.”可知，去茶卡盐湖旅游的最佳时间是7月至8月，故去那里旅游的最佳季节是夏季。
5.A 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了青海省茶卡盐湖的概况并给出了一些去那里旅游的建议，故推测非常爱旅游的Jane可能对本文最感兴趣。
Passage 3
阅读理解
(魅力太行山)
You must have heard of the legend(传说)of Yu Gong, who tried to move two mountains. It was said that the Taihang Mountain was one of the two mountains.
The Taihang Mountain passes through the areas of Hebei, Shanxi, Henan and Beijing. It is about 400 kilometers long. It is one of the largest mountain ranges in North China, and it was called "the backbone(脊梁)of China" in ancient times.
Many legends about the beginning of human civilization(文明)come from the Taihang area. For example, Nvwa used stones to repair the sky to make sure that humans would have a better future; Houyi protected everyone by shooting the suns.
The Taihang area is not only a place where the ancient stories happened, but also a place where tens of thousands of fossils(化石)were found. These fossils show how the earth has changed over time. At the same time, we can also learn about how ancient humans lived from the discoveries around the area.
Nowadays, there are natural forests around the area with beautiful colors in four seasons. In spring, the trees in the Taihang Mountain grow green leaves. In summer, the trees grow luxuriant and leaves go deep green. In autumn, the trees are tall and leaves turn yellow. In winter, the trees are covered with snow, like wearing a thick white coat. You can go there whenever you want because the scenery(风景)is beautiful all year round.
If you want to learn different things about history, culture and other important knowledge, you can come to the Taihang Mountain and feel its greatness.
1 How does the writer introduce the topic of the passage?
A. By mentioning a legend.
B. By asking a question.
C. By giving numbers.
D. By comparing facts.
2 The Taihang Mountain was once called“___________”.
A. the fossil of China
B. the fossil of the world
C. the backbone of China
D. the backbone of the world
3 What can show how humans lived around the Taihang area in ancient times?
A. Natural forests.
B. The fossils.
C. Many legends.
D. Huge mountains.
4 What does the passage tell us about the Taihang Mountain?
① Its location.
②Its scenery.
③ Its height.
④ Its length.
A.①②③
B.①③④
C.②③④
D.①②④
5 Why does the writer write the passage?
A. To tell people how to take a trip to the Taihang Mountain.
B. To introduce some discoveries around the Taihang area.
C. To show the Taihang Mountain is a wonderful place to visit.
D. To encourage people to learn more about ancient history.
文化拓展
太行山：中国自然与精神的脊梁之山
太行山，又名五行山、王母山、女娲山，位于山西省与华北平原之间，纵跨北京、河北、山西、河南四个省市。太行山是我国第二和第三级阶梯的分界线，是我国重要地形单元的分界线，太行山以东是华北平原，以西是黄土高原。
太行山巍巍雄伟，历史悠久，积淀着中华民族优秀文化的丰富内涵。祖祖辈辈在这里用勤劳和智慧创
造了光辉灿烂的文化。许多耳熟能详的神话故事传说也起源于太行山，例如“精卫填海”“女娲补天”“羿射九
日”“神农尝百草”“愚公移山”等，让太行山增添了几分神秘魅力。由于太行山重要的地理位置和地形地貌特点，在抗日战争时期成为革命根据地，铸造了中华民族刚烈强悍、无私无畏的民族性格和勇敢顽强、不怕牺牲的太行精神。
语篇解读
据说太行山是“愚公移山”这个传说故事中的山。本文主要介绍了太行山的地理概况、文化底蕴及四季美景。
答案详析
1.A 推理判断题。文章首段第一句提到了愚公移山的传说，第二句“据说太行山就是这两座山之一”引出“太行山”这一主题。由此可推知，作者是通过提及一个传说来引入主题的。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“it was called 'the backbone of China' in ancient times”可知，太行山在古代被称为“中国的脊梁”。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“These fossils show...how ancient humans lived from the discoveries around the area.”可知，我们可以从该地区周围的（化石）发现中了解古代人类的生活方式。
4.D 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“The Taihang Mountain...Hebei, Shanxi, Henan and Beijing. It is about 400 kilometers long.”可知，太行山穿过河北、山西、河南和北京，它长约400千米－这是在介绍太行山的位置和长度。通读倒数第二段可知，本段介绍了太行山的四季美景－这是在介绍太行山的景色。文章没有提到太行山的高度，故选①②④.
5.C 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了太行山的地理概况、文化底蕴及四季美景；结合文章最后一段可知，作者呼吁人们来太行山感受它的伟大。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章是为了表明太行山是值得游览的好地方。
Passage 4
阅读理解
(屹立千余年的乐山大佛)
Near the hometown of pandas-Chengdu in Sichuan, China, sits the Leshan Giant Buddha, which is one of the most popular places for tourists. Here are some facts about the giant Buddha.
The construction of the giant Buddha started in 713. At that time, floods(洪水)often happened in Leshan area where Min River, Qingyi River and Dadu River joined. Chinese monk Haitong decided to lead people to build a Buddha statue to calm the turbulent water that did harm to the boats traveling down the rivers. It was a super project at that time, which needed lots of money.
Haitong went to many places to raise money, and after years, he finally raised enough money to start the construction. When he got back to Leshan, the greedy officials wanted Haitong to hand in the money. Haitong refused even though the officials sent soldiers many times. He gouged out(挖出)his own eyes to show his piety(虔诚)，scaring the soldiers away.
In the year 713,Haitong started the construction of the Buddha, but he passed away when the giant Buddha was built to shoulders. Because of the death of Haitong, the construction of the giant Buddha had to be suspended. Later, with great difficulties, it was finally completed in 803. It took 90 years to complete this world's largest stone Buddha under the hard work by three generations(代)of craftsmen. Till now, it has sat on the river bank of Leshan over 1,200 years.
The stone Buddha is the tallest Buddha sculpture in the world with a height of 71 meters. It became a UNESCO World Heritage site together with Mount Emei Scenic Area in 1996.
1 Why did Haitong decide to build the Buddha statue at first?
A. He needed a lot of money.
B. To protect the people from the floods.
C. To make more people interested in Leshan.
D. Officials wanted him to build the Buddha.
2 What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?
A. The difficulties Haiton faced.
B. The harm to the boats on the rivers.
C. What caused the death of Haitong.
D. How long it took to build the Buddha.
3 What does the underlined part “be suspended”mean in the passage?
A. Be stopped.
B. Be broken.
C. Be completed.
D. Be opened.
4 What do we know about the Leshan Giant Buddha?
A. Haitong built it by himself.
B. Haitong used his own money to build it.
C. It has a history of more than 1,200 years.
D. It is the tallest wooden Buddha in the world.
5 What's the structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2...)
A
B
C
D
文化拓展
乐山大佛一世界奇观弥勒道场
乐山大佛开凿于唐玄宗开元初年(公元713年)，由凌云寺海通禅师发起修凿，竣工于唐德宗贞元十九年(公元803年)，前后历时90年。大佛通高71米，头高14.7米，头宽10米，发髻1051个。从膝盖到脚背28米，脚背宽8.5米，脚面可围坐百人以上。大佛屹立于岷江、大渡河、青衣江三江交汇处，伟岸雄壮，超凡脱俗，是世界最高最大的古代石刻弥勒佛像。
乐山大佛造像艺术与文化内涵深厚。在大佛左右两侧沿江崖壁上，还有两尊身高10余米，手持戈戟、身着战袍的护法武士石刻，数百龛上千尊石刻造像，形成了庞大的佛教石刻艺术群。乐山大佛是中国唐代弥勒信仰的代表，是象征光明和幸福的未来佛。开凿乐山大佛平息水患的愿望和弥勒慈悲、平和、包容的人文精神是一脉相通的。
语篇解读
本文主要介绍了四川乐山大佛的相关事实。乐山大佛是世界上最高的石刻佛像。1996年，峨眉山一乐山大佛景区被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。
答案详析
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At that time, floods often happened... Chinese monk Haitong...the boats traveling down the rivers.”可知，当时，乐山地区经常发生洪水。中国僧人海通决定带领人们建造一尊佛像，以平息湍急的河水，避免对沿河航行的船只造成伤害。由此可知，海通一开始决定建造佛像是为了保护人们免受洪水的侵袭。
2.A 段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段主要介绍了海通建造佛像时面临的困难：海通辗转多地筹够了建造佛像的钱，但乐山当地贪婪的官员却想让海通把钱交给他们。他们多次派兵，最后海通挖出自己的眼睛才吓跑了那些士兵。
3.A 词义猜测题。根据画线部分前的内容可知，海通决定带领人们建造一尊佛像，他千辛万苦筹够了建造资金，于公元713年开始建造佛像。当大佛修建到肩部时，他就去世了。结合画线部分前的“Because of the death of Haitong”和选项可推知，海通的去世使大佛的修建不得不暂停。由此推测，画线部分与A项意义相近。
4.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Till now, it has sat on the river bank of Leshan over 1,200 years.”可知，至今，大佛已在乐山河畔屹立了1200多年，故乐山大佛有1200多年的历史。
5.C 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段总领全文，最后一句“Here are some facts about the giant Buddha."点明文章主旨。第二段至第四段介绍了建造乐山大佛的原因及过程；最后一段介绍了乐山大佛的世界地位。故C项符合本文结构。
Passage 5
任务型阅读
(人间仙境-神龙架)
Thousands of years ago, Shennong, who had an ox head and a human body, lived in the south of China. Seeing that many local people were badly ill, he decided to search for medicinal plants. He built ladders(梯子)to climb the high mountains and discovered many medicinal plants by tasting them in person. 1
This story has made Shennongjia in Hubei an inviting place for tourists. 2 You can enjoy the natural beauty from all four seasons at different altitudes(海拔)。“When the bottom of the mountain is summer, the top is spring and while the bottom is autumn, the top is covered with ice," local people say of the special climate(气候) of Shennongjia.
Shennongjia is also home to more than 5,000 kinds of animals and plants. 3 For example, the golden monkey, the clouded leopard and the Asian black bear live in the area.
One interesting and special thing about Shennongjia is the legend(传说)of“ wild man”. Some people said that they saw huge footprints or large man-like wild animals. 4 Some said they were just bears.
5 On July 17th, 2016,the Shennongjia Forestry District was added to the World Heritage List(《世界遗产名录》)as a natural site.
根据短文内容，从选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
A. Many valuable animals live there.
B. Traveling there is an unusual experience.
C. But scientists haven't made sure if it's true.
D. This beautiful place got a valuable title(称号)。
E. To remember him, people named the place Shennongjia.
1__________ 2__________ 3__________ 4__________ 5__________
文化拓展
人间仙境－神农架
神农架现存有1000余种树种，570种野生动物，其中还有少见的白化动物如白熊、白蛇、白鹿、白猴，因此被誉为“华中林海”和“天然动植物园”。相传这里曾是远古时代神农氏(炎帝)定居耕田，遍尝百草，采药治病的地方。因山高壁陡，神通广大的神农氏也只好搭架而上，因此得名“神农架”。这里旅游资源丰富；雄峰幽谷，色彩神秘，引人探胜；珍稀动物，花海药园，无与伦比；奇洞怪石，飞瀑流云，美不胜收。
2016年7月17日，在第40届世界遗产大会上，湖北神农架获“世界自然遗产地”称号。至此，湖北神农架成为中国首个获得联合国教科文组织人和生物圈保护区、世界地质公园、世界遗产三大保护制度共同录入的“三冠王”名录遗产地。
语篇解读
神农架的传说让神农架成为一个充满神秘的地方，你可以在那里欣赏不同海拔的美景。
答案详析
1.E 空前内容讲述了有关神农的故事；再根据第二段第一句可知，这个故事使湖北神农架成为一个吸引游客的地方。由此可推知，空处内容应与神农和神农架有关，故E项“为了纪念他，人们把这个地方命名为神农架”可承上启下，符合语境。
2.B 根据空前一句可知，这个故事使湖北神农架成为一个吸引游客的地方；再根据空后一句可知，你可以在不同的海拔欣赏四季的自然美景。由此可推知，空处内容应与游览神农架有关，故B项“去那里旅行是一次不同寻常的体验”可承上启下，符合语境。
3.A 根据空前一句可知，神农架也是5000多种动植物的家园；空后一句列举了一些珍稀动物－金丝猴、云豹和亚洲黑熊。由此可推知，空处内容应与神农架的珍稀动物有关，故A项“许多珍稀动物生活在那里”可承上启下，符合语境。
4.C 根据空前两句可知，神农架的一个有趣而特别的地方是它的“野人”传说，有人说他们看到了巨大的脚印或大型类人野生动物；再根据空后一句可知，有人说它们只是熊。由此可推知，空处内容应与人们对该传说的态度有关，故C项“但科学家尚未确定这是否属实”可承上启下，符合语境。
5.D 根据空后一句可知，2016年7月17日，神农架林区被列入《世界遗产名录》，此处是在说神农架获得的称号，故D项“这个美丽的地方获得了一个珍贵的称号”可引出下文，符合语境。
Passage 6
短文填空
(古城西安之旅)
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
This summer vacation, I went to Shaanxi. It is a province with both a 1 1 history and a rich culture. The provincial capital of Shaanxi, Xi'an, was once the capital of 13 dynasties. It has seen the r 2 and fall of times. This has made Xi'an an interesting place for t 3 from home and abroad.
Seeing the amazing Terracotta Warriors(兵马俑)in person in the Emperor Qinshihuang's Mausoleum Site Museum was the best part of this trip. They have all kinds of d 4 postures(姿势)．Some are sitting or kneeling, and o 5 are standing. They wear armor with weapons (武器)．There are even a few horses! I was s 6 to find that those Terracotta Warriors were once painted with bright colors.
I also s 7 many relics(文物)in my textbook. For example, I got to see the relic on the cover of our Grade 7 history textbook: the Bronze Chariots and Horses. They're f 8 as the “crown of bronze(青铜之冠)”。
The ancient relics show the smart and old traditions of Chinese people. The most exciting thing for me is that I can connect the simple words in my textbook to w 9 I saw during this trip. L 10 about history and getting new ways to see things make this trip really special and something I'll always remember!
1__________ 2__________ 3__________ 4__________ 5__________
6__________ 7__________ 8__________ 9__________ 10__________
文化拓展
秦兵马俑知多少
兵马俑坑位于秦始皇帝陵东侧1.5千米处西杨村南，是秦始皇帝陵的陪葬坑。至今已发现三座，分别编为一、二、三号兵马俑坑。三座俑坑占地面积达2万多平方米，内有和真人、真马大小相似的陶俑、陶马近8000件。兵马俑从身份上区分，主要有士兵与军吏两大类，军吏又有低级、中级、高级之别。一般士兵不戴冠，而军吏戴冠，普通军吏的冠与将军的冠又不相同，甚至铠甲也有区别。其中的兵俑包括步兵、骑兵、车兵三类。根据实战需要，不同兵种的武士装备各异。陶俑的形象各不相同，神态生动，是中国古代雕塑艺术史上的一颗明珠，被誉为“世界第八大奇迹”“二十世纪考古史上的伟大发现之一”。
语篇解读
作者暑假去了陕西西安旅行。本文主要介绍了作者参观秦始皇帝陵博物院的经历以及感悟。
答案详析
1.long 空前的It指代上一句中的Shaanxi;根据下一句“陕西的省会西安曾经是13个朝代的都城”可推知，此处指这是一个既有悠久历史又有丰富文化的省份。故填long.
2.rise 根据上一句可知，陕西的省会西安曾经是13个朝代的都城；结合空后的and fall of times以及首字母提示可知，它见证了时代的兴衰。
3.tourists 根据空前的“This has made Xi'an an interesting place”和空后的from home and abroad可推知，此处指这使得西安成为国内外游客感兴趣的地方。tourist“游客”，是可数名词，空前无限定词修饰，故填其复数形式tourists.
4.different 根据下一句可知，兵马俑有的坐着，有的跪着，有的站着。由此可知，此处指它们有各种不同的姿势，故填different.
5.others 根据空前的“Some are sitting or kneeling”可知，兵马俑有的坐着，有的跪着；再根据首字母提示及空后的are standing可知，此处指还有的站着。some...others...意为“一些·······另一些·····”，故填others.
6.surprised 根据空后的“find that those Terracotta Warriors were once painted with bright colors”可知，作者发现那些兵马俑曾经被涂上了鲜艳的色彩；结合常识可知，现在的兵马俑已经褪色了，所以推测当作者了解它们曾是彩色时，应该是感到惊讶的。故填surprised.
7.saw 根据下文中的“I got to see the relic...Horses”可知，此处指作者还看到了许多课本里的文物。空处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填see的过去式saw
8.famous 根据空后的crown of bronze并结合首字母提示可推知它们作为“青铜之冠”而闻名。be famous as...“作为······而闻名”，是固定短语，故填famous.
9.what 分析句子结构可知，空处缺少宾语从句的引导词，且在从句中作宾语，结合首字母可推知，空处应填what.
10.Learning 根据上文可知，对作者来说最令人兴奋的是可以将课本上简单的文字与在这次旅行中的所见所闻联系起来。由此可推知，此处指了解历史以及获得看待事物的新方式，让这次旅行变得特别，作者将永远记住。learn about“了解”；根据空后的getting可知，此处应用动词－ing形式，故填Learning.单词位于句首，注意首字母大写。
Passage 7
书面表达
(推荐中国的旅游胜地)
近日，某英文公众号正在做关于“走遍中国”系列的推送，现就“最受欢迎的旅游景点”这一话题收集素材。假如你是李华，请你用英语给该公众号留言，推荐一个国内值得一去的旅游胜地。
内容包括：
1.这个旅游胜地是哪里；
2.介绍一下这个旅游胜地；
3.推荐这个旅游胜地的理由。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.不能出现自己的真实信息。
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参考范文:
China has lots of famous attractions. I believe the Great Wall is a must-see place.
As we all know, the Great Wall is one of the greatest wonders in the world. It has a history of more than 2,000 years and it is over 20,000 kilometers long. Chinese people built it by hand and it took many years of hard work. Standing on the Great Wall, we can enjoy the beauty of trees, flowers and mountains. I choose this place because we can not only enjoy the scenery, but learn about the history of China. The Great Wall shows the wisdom of the Chinese people.
All in all, the Great Wall is a place worth a visit.