Topic 02 著名人物-2025年初中英语中考传统文化阅读与写作专练（话题解读+文化拓展+文化拓展）
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| 名称 | Topic 02 著名人物-2025年初中英语中考传统文化阅读与写作专练（话题解读+文化拓展+文化拓展） |  | |
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2025年初中英语中考传统文化阅读与写作专练
Topic 02 著名人物
话题解读
文化
早知道
在中华民族发展的历史长河中，涌现出许许多多杰出人物。他们通常在科技、文化、教育、艺术等领域取得了卓越的成绩，为国家和社会发展作出了突出贡献。他们常常作为学习的榜样，出现在教科书或试卷中。
考情
早知道
近年来，中考中比较注重近现代著名人物的考查，尤其是感动中国人物、对科技进步作出突出贡献的人物等。对古代著名人物的考查虽然还会出现，但考查频次有所减少。
该类文章一般会有两种考查形式，一种是一篇文章同时列举多位著名人物的事迹，对比学习；另外一种是一篇文章只介绍一位著名人物的事迹。文中著名人物的事迹一般包含励志故事、主要成就与贡献等。例如，2024年重庆中考A卷的任务型阅读介绍了梁启超、钱学森和袁隆平的故事与成就。
Passage 1
完形填空
(清代女科学家王贞仪)
Have you ever heard of Wang Zhenyi (1768-1797)? Perhaps many of us didn't know this great name until she was 1 in a CCTV program.
Wang Zhenyi was a great Chinese 2 .She was born in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, girls were not allowed to go to school. 3 her father and grandfather thought girls should share the same chance with boys. They 4 her to read the books in their home library. Wang Zhenyi educated 5 and read a lot about astronomy(天文学)，maths, geography as well as medicine. Later, she decided to focus on(专注于) 6 .
In her time, many people expected the stars to tell what was going to happen. They thought of 7 events in the sky, such as lunar eclipses(月食)，as a symbol of bad luck. But Wang Zhenyi thought 8 . She believed in facts. In order to explain those "strange" events, she did some experiments(实验)。In one, she used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the Sun and a mirror as the Moon. She moved them around to show what actually 9 during a lunar eclipse: when the Earth is passing directly between the Sun and the Moon, the sunlight cannot reach the Moon and the Moon “disappears”.
Throughout her short life, Wang Zhenyi wrote many articles about her research. In her articles, she explained difficult ideas in 10 ways so that people could understand science more easily. She helped make science available to more people.
1 A. introduced
B. visited
C. named
D. invited
2 A. doctor
B. scientist
C. actress
D. artist
3 A. Or
B. And
C. So
D. But
4 A. warned
B. needed
C. followed
D. encouraged
5 A. himself
B. herself
C. themselves
D. ourselves
6 A. maths
B. geography
C. astronomy
D. medicine
7 A .famous
B. unusual
C. important
D. dangerous
8 A. differently
B. silently
C. quickly
D. easily
9 A. changes
B. happens
C. works
D. moves
10 A. simple
B. polite
C. actual
D. traditional
文化拓展
风靡国外的清朝女科学家
《国家宝藏》第三季第一期讲述了金嵌珍珠天球仪的前世传奇，同时也向观众“安利”了一位清朝女科学家王贞仪。
王贞仪是清朝出了名的才女，生活在乾隆年间。虽然在国内鲜为人知，但在国外，她却有着很高的知名度。1994年，国际天文学联合会以王贞仪的名字命名了金星上新发现的环形山；2016年，王贞仪的名字在美国畅销书《勇往直前：50位杰出女科学家改变世界的故事》中被提及，同样出现在书中的还有世界知名科学家居里夫人；2018年，国际知名的期刊《自然》（Nature)网站在关于年度“激励科学与创新科学研究奖”提名的宣传片中，同样把王贞仪列为科学发展奠定基础的女科学家。
王贞仪在天文学方面有着不菲的成就，不但尊崇地圆说，还对日月食的成因进行科学的解释。通过多年的实验和自学，王贞仪留下了《岁差日至辨疑》《黄赤二道辩》《地圆论》《月食解》等著作。她在《月食解》中对月食形成的说明，是世界上第一份完备的日月食成因解释，和现代的天文学阐述毫无二致。
语篇解读
王贞仪是清朝著名的女科学家。她自幼受祖父及父亲的熏陶，博览群书，不仅对数学、地理、医学感兴趣，对科学更充满好奇，尤其钟情天文学。在她短暂的一生中，著作甚丰。
答案详析
1.A 根据空前一句可知，王贞仪出生于1768年，不是现代人，故推测此处指也许她在央视的一个电视节目中被介绍后，我们中的很多人才知道这个伟大的名字。introduce“介绍”，符合语境。
2.B 根据第三段可知，王贞仪通过做实验，成功解开了月食之谜；再根据最后一段最后一句可知，她帮助更多的人了解科学。由此可推测，她是一位科学家。
3.D 空后的“她的父亲和祖父认为女孩应该和男孩有同样的机会”和空前一句“那时，女孩是不允许上学的”构成转折关系，故选But.
4.D 根据空前一句可知，王贞仪的父亲和祖父认为女孩应该和男孩有同样的机会，也就是说，他们支持王贞仪读书。由此可推知，他们鼓励王贞仪在家里的书房读书。encourage“鼓励”，符合语境。
5.B 根据上文可知，王贞仪的父亲和祖父让她在家里的书房读书。由此可推知，王贞仪在家里自学了很多知识。educate oneself“自学”，为固定用法；王贞仪是一位女士，故选herself.
6.C 根据空前一句可知，王贞仪学习了很多关于天文学、数学、地理和医学的知识；再结合下文对王贞仪研究天文现象的介绍可推知，她决定专攻天文学。
7.B 根据空后的such as lunar eclipses可知，月食是天空中不常见的现象。unusual“不同寻常的”，符合语境。8空后的“strange” events也是提示信息。
8.A 根据空前一句可知，许多人将月食视为不幸的象征；再根据空前的But和空后一句“She believed in facts.”可推知，王贞仪与他们想法不同。differently“不同地”，符合语境。
9.B 空后的“when the Earth is passing directly between... the Moon' disappears'”解释了月食的成因：当地球直接从太阳和月球之间经过时，阳光无法照射到月球，月球就“消失”了。这是王贞仪通过做实验得出的结论。也就是说，王贞仪通过做实验展示了月食时到底发生了什么。happen“发生”，符合语境。
10.A 根据空前的she explained difficult ideas和空后的＂so that people could understand science more easily”可知，她的方式可以帮助人们更容易地理解科学。由此可推知，她用简单的方式来解释难懂的概念。simple“简单的”，符合语境。
Passage 2
阅读理解
(核电先驱彭士禄)
Peng Shilu was born in a family in Haifeng, Guangdong in 1925. When he was less than five years old, his parents died. The young boy was taken care of and protected by the poor, and he moved between different families and lived a difficult life. But the people's kindness influenced(影响)him deeply at his early age.
In 1940,Peng Shilu was sent to study in Yan'an. In 1951, he went abroad to learn chemical engineering. When he completed his studies, he got an excellent grade.
In 1956, Peng Shilu was asked,“Are you willing to change your research field?”“Of course, as long as the motherland has a need!" he answered.
With the strong belief, Peng Shilu began to study nuclear power(核能)at once. In the early 1960s,China was weak in the development of nuclear submarines(核潜艇)．Peng Shilu and other scientists kept learning, exploring and practicing. In 1970, China's first nuclear submarine was launched(使下水)．In 1974,it entered Navy service, making China the fifth country in the world to have a nuclear submarine.
Peng Shilu worked very hard. He spent all his life on nuclear power.“I have only done two things in my life. One is building nuclear submarines and the other is building nuclear power stations,” said Peng Shilu.
Peng Shilu died on March 22,2021,at the age of 96. As a pioneer(先驱)in nuclear power, he would be forever remembered by the people and the country.
1 What influenced Peng Shilu deeply when he was very young?
A. The scientists' spirit.
B. The people's kindness.
C. The teachers' words.
D. The family's encouragement.
2 Why did Peng Shilu change his research field?
A. The new field was easier.
B. He wanted to be famous.
C. The motherland had a need.
D. He was more interested in the new field.
3 The passage is mainly organized
A. in time order
B. in space order
C. from the whole to the parts
D. from the parts to the whole
4 Which of the following can best describe Peng Shilu?
A. Honest and polite.
B. Humorous and friendly.
C. Selfless and hard-working.
D. Clever and kind-hearted.
文化拓展
“中国核潜艇之父”－彭士禄
“历经磨难，初心不改。在深山中倾听，于花甲年重启。两代人为理想澎湃，一辈子为国家深潜。你，如同你的作品，无声无息，但蕴含巨大的威力。”这是《感动中国》组委会授予彭士禄的颁奖词，也是彭士禄一生的写照。他是中国核潜艇首任总设计师，革命烈士彭湃之子，年仅4岁就成了孤儿。他历经磨难，入狱、流浪、乞讨······后几经辗转被接到延安。从苏联留学归来后，他隐姓埋名数十年，投身祖国核动力事业，造核潜艇、建核电站。
作为我国核动力领域的开拓者和奠基者之一，彭士禄主持了我国潜艇核动力装置的论证、设计、装备、试验以及运行的全过程，参加指挥了我国第一代核潜艇的调试和试航工作。改革开放后，他负责我国第一座百万千瓦级核电站－大亚湾核电站的引进、总体设计和前期工作，组织自主设计建造秦山核电站二期，为我国核事业发展做出了开创性的贡献。
语篇解读
本文主要介绍了中国的核电先驱－彭士禄。“深潜”一生的他说一辈子只做了两件事：一是造核潜艇，二是建核电站。
答案详析
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But the people's kindness influenced him deeply at his early age.”可知，在彭士禄很小的时候，人们的善良就深深地影响了他。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，当被问及是否愿意转变自己的研究领域时，彭士禄回答：“当然，只要祖国需要！”由此可知，彭士禄是由于祖国的需要才转变了自己的研究领域。
3.A 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了彭士禄从出生到去世的生平事迹：他于1925年出生；1940年，他被送到延安学习；1951年，他出国学习；1956年，他转变了自己的研究领域；1970年，在彭士禄和其他科学家的努力下，中国第一艘核潜艇下水；2021年，这位伟大的科学家去世。由此可推知，本文是按照时间顺序进行叙述的。
4.C 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，当被问及是否愿意转变自己的研究领域时，彭士禄回答：“当然，只要祖国需要！”由此可推知，他以国家利益为重，是一个无私的人；根据倒数第二段内容可知，他工作很努力，一生都在研究核能，由此推知他很勤奋。
Passage 3
阅读理解
(“东方哥伦布”-郑和)
Zheng He, the Columbus of the East, was an amazing man. He is a well-known Chinese explorer(探险家)。
He was born in Yunnan Province in 1371. When he was young, he met Zhu Di and the two became close friends. In 1402, Zhu Di became the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty and he asked Zheng He to join him.
The emperor wanted to show other countries his power. He ordered people to build many new ships and made Zheng He the leader of the fleet(船队)．Zheng He first set sail in 1405, with 27,800 men, 62 ships and over 200 boats. Between 1405 and 1433, he went on seven trips and travelled to different parts of the world. Each trip lasted between two and four years. It is believed he sailed more than 50,000 km during the years of his travels.
On these trips Zheng He brought many Chinese goods like silk and medicine to give to foreign emperors or in exchange for(以换取)local goods. He returned from each trip with many things that were seen in his country for the first time, such as a giraffe from Africa. Besides developing trade, the trips also encouraged the exchange of cultures and technologies.
After Zheng He died in 1433, the new emperor, who believed these trips cost too much, stopped the travel to the West. All of Zheng He's ships were broken along with most of the records of the seven trips. It is in the recent years that historians have begun to carefully study Zheng He and his wonderful adventures.
1 Why did Zhu Di want Zheng He to sail to many different countries?
A. To bring other countries under the control of his country.
B. To show the world how powerful his country was.
C. To receive gifts from the emperors of other countries.
D. To discover unusual animals and bring them back.
2 What do we know about Zheng He from the passage?
A. He travelled over 500,000 km in total.
B. He died at the age of 62.
C. Each of his trips lasted about two years.
D. He was a successful businessman.
3 What's the right order of the following events?
a. A giraffe was introduced.
b. Zhu Di became the emperor.
c. Zheng He first led his fleet on a trip.
d. The sea travel to the West was stopped.
e. Zhu Di ordered people to build new ships.
A.b,e,c,a,d
B.b,d,a,c,e
C.e,b,d,c,a
D.e,b,c,a,
4 What's the best title for the passage?
A. The Well-Known Ships
B. The Great Emperor: Zhu Di
C. The Trade Around the World
D. The Famous Explorer: Zheng He
文化拓展
郑和七下西洋
郑和是中国明朝初期的航海家。他本姓马，回族，云南昆阳（今属昆明晋宁)人。郑和受到明成祖朱棣的器重，永乐二年（1404)赐姓郑，从此名郑和。永乐三年（1405)至宣德八年（1433)的28年间，他先后七次奉命率大规模船队出使西洋。船队由苏、浙、闽沿海南下，历南洋群岛至非洲东岸凡30余国和地区，航程10万余里。其规模之大、航次之多、航程之远和所到地区之广，在当时世界上是绝无仅有的。郑和的航行加强了中国与亚非各国的友好关系和贸易往来。
郑和下西洋的航海实践丰富和发展了中国古代在海图绘制、针路测定、天文航海、气象水文等方面的航海技术，并为后人留下了珍贵的《郑和航海图》。随航者马欢所著《瀛涯胜览》、费信所著《星槎胜览》、巩珍所著《西洋番国志》等书，都记述了各次远航的事迹和见闻，为后世留下了重要的中西交通史料。
语篇解读
你听说过郑和吗？他是中国古代伟大的探险家，曾经七下西洋，将中国商品和文化带向世界，有“东方哥伦布”之称。
答案详析
1.B 细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“The emperor wanted to show other countries his power...made Zheng He the leader of the fleet.”可知，朱棣想向其他国家展示他的影响力，命人造新船并任命郑和为船队统帅。也就是说，他让郑和航行到许多不同的国家是为了向世界展示他的国家有多强大。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“He was born in Yunnan Province in 1371.”可知，郑和出生于1371年；根据最后一段第一句中的“Zheng He died in 1433”可知，他于1433年去世。由此可知，郑和去世时62岁。
3.A 细节理解题。通读全文可知，1402年，朱棣即位；之后他命人建造了很多新船，并任命郑和为船队统帅；1405年，郑和（率船队）首次起航；每次航行回来，郑和都会带回很多自己国家不曾见过的东西，比如长颈鹿；郑和去世后，新皇帝认为海上航行耗费巨大，于是作出了停止远航他国的决定。由此可知，A项正确。
4.D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了明朝著名探险家郑和的生平，他七下西洋，促进了中西方物质和文化的交流。因此，D项“一位著名的探险家：郑和”最适合作本文标题。
Passage 4
阅读理解
(昆曲大师王芳)
Wang Fang, a woman from Suzhou, puts her whole heart into Kunqu Opera.
She started to learn the traditional art form from a young age. Born with a sweet voice, Wang loved to sing and dance. And the Suzhou Kunqu Opera Troupe(SKOT,苏昆剧团)chose her when she was in middle school. However, her parents refused the troupe's invitation, saying that her studies were more important. After members of the troupe visited her parents again and again, they finally agreed.
Learning the traditional art form was never easy. She started to learn how to pronounce and sing words, and how to make proper movements. She got wet through when practicing movements in summer, while in winter she often had chilblains(冻疮)on her hands. “No matter how difficult, I always got up early the next morning to practice," Wang says.
Wang says she was confused at first because she couldn't make sure if she liked Kunqu or not. But in her early 20s,when she watched the show by Zhang Jiqing, a master(大师)of the art form, it clicked(豁然开朗)。“Her every movement was full of beauty. Each of her words and songs was perfect. I was touched by the beauty of Kunqu for the first time, and I decided to stay with it all my life,” says Wang.
Wang once said in a talk, "First you must be a dreamer, then a doer, and only then can you be a master."Now, Wang is a master of Kunqu. People of different ages love her shows and she helps the art form become more popular with young people.
1 Why did Wang's parents finally allow her to join the SKOT?
A. Because she showed great interest in art.
B. Because learning Kunqu Opera was easy.
C. Because she promised not to give up her studies.
D. Because the troupe members touched them.
2 What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. Wang worked hard in learning Kunqu.
B. Wang was talented in learning Kunqu.
C. Wang learned skills from different teachers.
D. Wang's family members helped her with her practice.
3 What does the underlined word “confused” probably mean?
A. Unable to sing well.
B. Unable to become famous.
C. Unable to think clearly.
D. Unable to move quickly.
4 What can we know about Wang's shows?
A. They are old-fashioned but wonderful.
B. They are similar to Zhang Jiqing's.
C. They are not welcomed by the elderly.
D. They interest more and more young people.
5 Which of the following might Wang agree with?
A. Love me, love my dog.
B. First think and then speak.
C. Where there is a will, there is a way.
D. It's never too old to learn.
文化拓展
王芳：唱着昆曲，走过人生沉浮
从1977年初遇昆曲，至今已有四十余年。褪去华服，洗尽铅华之后，王芳在戏曲舞台下付出的艰辛是旁人无法看到的。入学初始家人反对，练功过度导致“倒嗓”，昆曲艺术遭受市场冲击，面对这些曲折，王芳用“坚守”二字表达了对于昆曲的热爱，以及传承传统文化的责任感。
1995年，王芳凭借昆剧《寻梦》《思凡》和苏剧《醉归》，一举摘得戏曲界最高奖“梅花奖”；2005年，凭借在昆剧《长生殿》中的出色表现，王芳“梅开二度”，获得第二十二届中国戏剧梅花奖。
“江南有幽兰，生长姑苏间。《牡丹亭》中恨，《长生殿》里缘。舞低虎丘月，歌尽水磨弦。妙传《霓裳》曲，清香动人寰。”戏迷创作的这首诗，是对王芳艺术人生的生动写照。在数十年的坚持与守望中，王芳见证了昆曲艺术的衰微、复苏与再度繁荣。
语篇解读
本文讲述了王芳从初遇昆曲到成为昆曲大师的故事。
答案详析
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“After members of the troupe visited her parents again and again, they finally agreed.”可知，在剧团成员一而再、再而三地拜访王芳的父母后，他们终于同意了。由此可推知，剧团成员的坚持感动了王芳的父母。
2.A 段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段描述了王芳学习昆曲时的刻苦：她在夏天练习动作时全身湿透；在冬天，她的手上经常长冻疮；无论多么困难，她总是第二天一大早就起床练习。
3.C 词义猜测题。画线词后的“because she couldn't make sure if she liked Kunqu or not”给出了原因：她无法确定她是否喜欢昆曲；再结合下文内容可知，王芳看完昆曲大师张继青的表演之后，豁然开朗，决定一生与昆曲为伴。由此可推知，王芳之前是迷茫的。故推测confused意为“困惑的”，与C项意义相近。
4.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Now, Wang is a master...she helps the art form become more popular with young people.”可知，王芳表演的昆曲老少都喜欢，在她的帮助下，昆曲越来越受年轻人欢迎。由此可知，越来越多的年轻人对王芳的表演感兴趣。
5.C 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，王芳练习昆曲非常刻苦；再结合最后一段王芳说的话可知，王芳认为，人必须先是一个梦想家，然后是一个实干家，只有这样才能成为一个大师。由此可推知，她最有可能认同C项“有志者事竟成”。A项意为“爱屋及乌”；B项意为“先想后说”；D项意为“活到老学到老”。
Passage 5
任务型阅读
(走近钱锺书)
Qian Zhongshu was one of the most famous writers in China. He was born on November 21, 1910 in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. He was brought up by his uncle, and grew up with his cousins.
Qian had a surprising memory. 1 He showed his good memory at an early age. When he was a small boy, his uncle often took him to teahouses. 2 When they returned home, he could repeat(重复)the stories to his cousins.
3 Although his math was poor, he was able to enter this top university with excellent grades in Chinese and English. In Tsinghua University he met his wife Yang Jiang, who was one year younger than him and a famous writer, too. 4 Two years later, their daughter Qian Yuan was born.
Qian died on December 19, 1998 in Beijing. He left many works to the world. 5 It has been translated(翻译)into more than six foreign languages. He devoted(奉献)himself to the study of Chinese and Western literature and made great achievements.
根据短文内容，从选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
A. They got married in 1935.
B. Qian went to Tsinghua University in 1929.
C. He liked reading storybooks in the teahouses.
D. Do you want to know more about Qian Zhongshu?
E. He only needed to read something once before learning it by heart.
F. His most famous novel, Fortress Besieged(《围城》)，came out in 1947.
1_________ 2_________ 3_________ 4_________ 5_________
文化拓展
钱锺书“百科全书式的脑子”是怎么炼成的？
钱锺书有着过目不忘的记忆力，被大家称为“移动的图书馆”。黄永玉翻遍《辞源》《辞海》《佛学大辞典》，找不到“凤凰涅槃”典故的出处。钱锺书告诉他：“你去翻翻中文本简明大不列颠全书，在第三本里可以找得到。”
这种“百科全书式的脑子”是怎么炼成的呢？杨绛写过一篇《钱锺书是怎样做读书笔记的》：“锺书做一遍笔记的时间，约莫是读这本书的一倍。他说，一本书，第二遍再读，总会发现读第一遍时会有很多疏忽。最精彩的句子，要读几遍后才能发现。”
鲁迅先生有句名言：“哪里有天才，我是把别人喝咖啡的时间都用在写作上了。”即便是最聪明的人，在读书方面，也只能用最笨的办法。只有多看书、做笔记、反复看，这样才会将书中的内容牢牢记在脑子里。
语篇解读
钱锺书是我国著名的作家，他的代表作《围城》几乎家喻户晓。本文主要介绍了这位中国著名作家的生平。
答案详析
1.E 根据空前一句可知，钱锺书有惊人的记忆力；再结合空后对他记忆力好的描述可知，空处应与钱锺书的记忆力好有关，故E项“他只需要读一遍就能背下来”可承上启下，符合语境。
2.C 根据空前一句可知，在钱锺书小时候，他的伯父经常带他去茶馆；再根据空后一句可知，回家后，他能够将故事复述给他的堂兄弟（姐妹）。由此可知，空处内容应与他在茶馆里做的事情有关，故C项“他喜欢在茶馆里读故事书”可承上启下，符合语境。
3.B 根据空后一句可知，虽然钱锺书的数学不好，但是他还是以优异的语文和英语成绩进人了这所顶尖大学。由此可知，空处应会提到某所大学，故B项“钱锺书于1929年进入清华大学”可引出下文，符合语境。
4.A 根据空前一句可知，钱锺书在清华大学认识了他的妻子杨绛；再根据空后一句可知，两年后，他们有了女儿钱瑗。由此可知，空处应与两人的关系进展有关，故A项“他们于1935年结婚”可承上启下，符合语境。
5.F 根据空前一句可知，钱锺书留下了许多作品；再根据空后一句可知，它被翻译成多种语言。由此可知，空处应与钱锺书的某个作品有关，故F项“他最著名的小说《围城》于1947年出版”可承上启下，符合语境。空后的It指代F项中的Fortress Besieged.
Passage 6
短文填空
(“中国电机之父”-钟兆琳)
阅读短文，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。方框中每词限用一次。
teach early about get action we word poor successful show
Have you ever been to Westward Relocation Museum(西迁博物馆)in Xi'an Jiaotong University? An old-fashioned calcuator(计算器)，a pair of glasses and other things are 1 in a window. These old things tell people 2 the story of Zhong Zhaolin, the father of electrical machinery in China.
In 1927,Mr.Zhong returned to Shanghai to 3 electricity at Jiaotong University and worked hard on electrical education. He trained thousands of talents in electricity. In the 1930s,he 4 created the first generator(发电机)in China together with his students. In 1955, the central authorities decided to move part of the Jiaotong University to Xi'an. Mr. Zhong actively supported(支持)that. At that time, his wife was in 5 health. However, in order not to break his promise, he still 6 on the train to Xi'an alone. His 7 inspired(激励)many teachers and students.
Mr. Zhong was a man of few 8 and a serious professor. He strongly believed we Chinese people could achieve things by 9 .After years of hard work, Mr. Zhong created the 10 and largest electrical laboratory in the northwest.
The spirit of Westward Relocation has become the spirit of our country and encourages young people to fight on. Zhong Zhaolin is the pride of all Chinese people.
1_________ 2_________ 3_________ 4_________ 5_________
6_________ 7_________ 8_________ 9_________ 10_________
文化拓展
钟兆琳：交通大学西迁的带头人
西安交大西迁博物馆里，一张薄薄的乘车证，记录了师生们走过的长路。乘车证的左上角是高楼和书桌的图案，右下角是一辆疾驰的列车。上方的一行字格外引人注目：“向科学进军，建设大西北！”这10个字，鲜明地揭示了西迁的主题。
1955年，党中央、国务院从国内外形势和新中国高等教育、工业建设布局等方面考虑，作出了把交通大学迁往西安的决定。被誉为“中国电机之父”的钟兆琳教授，在迁校时已50多岁。他安顿好常年卧病在床的爱人，踊跃报名，带头西迁。正是在钟兆琳等一大批爱国知识分子的积极支持下，交大才得以顺利西迁，从而改变了西部没有规模宏大的多科性工业大学的面貌。
钟兆琳教授的西迁故事是上世纪50年代6000名交大西迁前辈的缩影，他们共同铸就了“胸怀大局、无私奉献、弘扬传统、艰苦创业”的西迁精神，鼓舞着交大师生在奋斗中砥砺前行！
语篇解读
西安交通大学的西迁博物馆里陈列着一个老式计算器、一副眼镜和其他物品，它们向人们述说着“中国电机之父”钟兆琳的故事······
答案详析
1.shown 根据上一句可知，空前描述的是西迁博物馆里的物品；再根据空后的in a window可推知，此处指一个老式计算器、一副眼镜和其他物品在一个橱窗里展出，故show“展览”，符合语境。主语和show之间为被动关系，空前已有are,故填show的过去分词shown.
2.about 根据语境可知，这些旧物品向人们讲述着关于钟兆琳的故事。tell sb. about sth.意为“向某人讲述关于某物的事情”，为固定用法，故填about.
3.teach 根据空后的“worked hard on electrical education”可推知，钟兆琳是位老师，故此处指他在交通大学教电力学。空前的不定式符号to提示此处应用动词原形，故填teach.
4.successfully 根据2空后的“Zhong Zhaolin, the father of electrical machinery in China”可知，钟兆琳是“中国电机之父”，故此处指他和他的学生在20世纪30年代成功发明出了中国的第一台发电机。空处作状语，故填successful的副词形式successfully.
5.poor 根据空前两句可知，1955年，中央决定将部分交通大学迁往西安，钟兆琳对此积极支持；再根据空后的副词However和to Xi'an alone可推知，那时他的妻子身体不好。in poor health“身体不好”，为固定用法，故填poor.
6.got 然而，为了不违背自己的承诺，钟兆琳独自坐上了去往西安的火车。get on“上（车、飞机、船等）”，为固定搭配；此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填get的过去式got.
7.action 根据上文可知，钟兆琳积极支持交大西迁一事，尽管妻子身体不好，他依然只身前往西安。由此可知，他的行为激励了很多老师和学生。
8.words 根据空后的a serious professor可知，钟兆琳很严肃。由此可推知，他不善言辞。word意为“话语”时为可数名词，且空前有few修饰，故填其复数形式words.
9.ourselves 钟兆琳坚信我们中国人可以靠自己取得成就。by oneself"自己；独自”，为固定搭配；空处指“我们自己”，故填ourselves.
10.earliest 根据语境并结合备选词可知，经过多年的努力，钟兆琳创建了西北最早、规模最大的电机实验室。early“早的”，符合语境；空处和空后的largest并列，应用最高级，故填earliest.
Passage 7
书面表达
(我最想学习的一位伟人)
在中国的历史上，有很多伟人值得我们学习。他们身上的闪光点常常带给我们满满的正能量。请根据下列提示，以“The Great Person I Should Learn From”为题，写一篇英语短文介绍一个你最想学习的伟人。
内容包括：
1.你最想向谁学习；
2.他（她)的事迹；
3.他（她)对你的影响。
注意：
1.词数100左右（标题已给出，不计入总词数)；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.不能出现自己的真实信息。
The Great Person I Should Learn From
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参考范文:
The Great Person I Should Learn From
As is known to us, there are lots of great people in China. For me, Qian Xuesen, one of the most famous scientists in China, is the person I should learn from.
When he was young, he was very hard-working and studied in several famous universities in the world. He was limited by the US for more than five years before coming back to China. He won many big prizes and made many famous discoveries. He is known as the “Father of Space Technology” and “King of Rocketry”。
Although he has passed away, his spirit encourages me all the time. I will learn from him and work hard to make a contribution to our motherland.
Topic 02 著名人物
话题解读
文化
早知道
在中华民族发展的历史长河中，涌现出许许多多杰出人物。他们通常在科技、文化、教育、艺术等领域取得了卓越的成绩，为国家和社会发展作出了突出贡献。他们常常作为学习的榜样，出现在教科书或试卷中。
考情
早知道
近年来，中考中比较注重近现代著名人物的考查，尤其是感动中国人物、对科技进步作出突出贡献的人物等。对古代著名人物的考查虽然还会出现，但考查频次有所减少。
该类文章一般会有两种考查形式，一种是一篇文章同时列举多位著名人物的事迹，对比学习；另外一种是一篇文章只介绍一位著名人物的事迹。文中著名人物的事迹一般包含励志故事、主要成就与贡献等。例如，2024年重庆中考A卷的任务型阅读介绍了梁启超、钱学森和袁隆平的故事与成就。
Passage 1
完形填空
(清代女科学家王贞仪)
Have you ever heard of Wang Zhenyi (1768-1797)? Perhaps many of us didn't know this great name until she was 1 in a CCTV program.
Wang Zhenyi was a great Chinese 2 .She was born in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, girls were not allowed to go to school. 3 her father and grandfather thought girls should share the same chance with boys. They 4 her to read the books in their home library. Wang Zhenyi educated 5 and read a lot about astronomy(天文学)，maths, geography as well as medicine. Later, she decided to focus on(专注于) 6 .
In her time, many people expected the stars to tell what was going to happen. They thought of 7 events in the sky, such as lunar eclipses(月食)，as a symbol of bad luck. But Wang Zhenyi thought 8 . She believed in facts. In order to explain those "strange" events, she did some experiments(实验)。In one, she used a round table as the Earth, a lamp as the Sun and a mirror as the Moon. She moved them around to show what actually 9 during a lunar eclipse: when the Earth is passing directly between the Sun and the Moon, the sunlight cannot reach the Moon and the Moon “disappears”.
Throughout her short life, Wang Zhenyi wrote many articles about her research. In her articles, she explained difficult ideas in 10 ways so that people could understand science more easily. She helped make science available to more people.
1 A. introduced
B. visited
C. named
D. invited
2 A. doctor
B. scientist
C. actress
D. artist
3 A. Or
B. And
C. So
D. But
4 A. warned
B. needed
C. followed
D. encouraged
5 A. himself
B. herself
C. themselves
D. ourselves
6 A. maths
B. geography
C. astronomy
D. medicine
7 A .famous
B. unusual
C. important
D. dangerous
8 A. differently
B. silently
C. quickly
D. easily
9 A. changes
B. happens
C. works
D. moves
10 A. simple
B. polite
C. actual
D. traditional
文化拓展
风靡国外的清朝女科学家
《国家宝藏》第三季第一期讲述了金嵌珍珠天球仪的前世传奇，同时也向观众“安利”了一位清朝女科学家王贞仪。
王贞仪是清朝出了名的才女，生活在乾隆年间。虽然在国内鲜为人知，但在国外，她却有着很高的知名度。1994年，国际天文学联合会以王贞仪的名字命名了金星上新发现的环形山；2016年，王贞仪的名字在美国畅销书《勇往直前：50位杰出女科学家改变世界的故事》中被提及，同样出现在书中的还有世界知名科学家居里夫人；2018年，国际知名的期刊《自然》（Nature)网站在关于年度“激励科学与创新科学研究奖”提名的宣传片中，同样把王贞仪列为科学发展奠定基础的女科学家。
王贞仪在天文学方面有着不菲的成就，不但尊崇地圆说，还对日月食的成因进行科学的解释。通过多年的实验和自学，王贞仪留下了《岁差日至辨疑》《黄赤二道辩》《地圆论》《月食解》等著作。她在《月食解》中对月食形成的说明，是世界上第一份完备的日月食成因解释，和现代的天文学阐述毫无二致。
语篇解读
王贞仪是清朝著名的女科学家。她自幼受祖父及父亲的熏陶，博览群书，不仅对数学、地理、医学感兴趣，对科学更充满好奇，尤其钟情天文学。在她短暂的一生中，著作甚丰。
答案详析
1.A 根据空前一句可知，王贞仪出生于1768年，不是现代人，故推测此处指也许她在央视的一个电视节目中被介绍后，我们中的很多人才知道这个伟大的名字。introduce“介绍”，符合语境。
2.B 根据第三段可知，王贞仪通过做实验，成功解开了月食之谜；再根据最后一段最后一句可知，她帮助更多的人了解科学。由此可推测，她是一位科学家。
3.D 空后的“她的父亲和祖父认为女孩应该和男孩有同样的机会”和空前一句“那时，女孩是不允许上学的”构成转折关系，故选But.
4.D 根据空前一句可知，王贞仪的父亲和祖父认为女孩应该和男孩有同样的机会，也就是说，他们支持王贞仪读书。由此可推知，他们鼓励王贞仪在家里的书房读书。encourage“鼓励”，符合语境。
5.B 根据上文可知，王贞仪的父亲和祖父让她在家里的书房读书。由此可推知，王贞仪在家里自学了很多知识。educate oneself“自学”，为固定用法；王贞仪是一位女士，故选herself.
6.C 根据空前一句可知，王贞仪学习了很多关于天文学、数学、地理和医学的知识；再结合下文对王贞仪研究天文现象的介绍可推知，她决定专攻天文学。
7.B 根据空后的such as lunar eclipses可知，月食是天空中不常见的现象。unusual“不同寻常的”，符合语境。8空后的“strange” events也是提示信息。
8.A 根据空前一句可知，许多人将月食视为不幸的象征；再根据空前的But和空后一句“She believed in facts.”可推知，王贞仪与他们想法不同。differently“不同地”，符合语境。
9.B 空后的“when the Earth is passing directly between... the Moon' disappears'”解释了月食的成因：当地球直接从太阳和月球之间经过时，阳光无法照射到月球，月球就“消失”了。这是王贞仪通过做实验得出的结论。也就是说，王贞仪通过做实验展示了月食时到底发生了什么。happen“发生”，符合语境。
10.A 根据空前的she explained difficult ideas和空后的＂so that people could understand science more easily”可知，她的方式可以帮助人们更容易地理解科学。由此可推知，她用简单的方式来解释难懂的概念。simple“简单的”，符合语境。
Passage 2
阅读理解
(核电先驱彭士禄)
Peng Shilu was born in a family in Haifeng, Guangdong in 1925. When he was less than five years old, his parents died. The young boy was taken care of and protected by the poor, and he moved between different families and lived a difficult life. But the people's kindness influenced(影响)him deeply at his early age.
In 1940,Peng Shilu was sent to study in Yan'an. In 1951, he went abroad to learn chemical engineering. When he completed his studies, he got an excellent grade.
In 1956, Peng Shilu was asked,“Are you willing to change your research field?”“Of course, as long as the motherland has a need!" he answered.
With the strong belief, Peng Shilu began to study nuclear power(核能)at once. In the early 1960s,China was weak in the development of nuclear submarines(核潜艇)．Peng Shilu and other scientists kept learning, exploring and practicing. In 1970, China's first nuclear submarine was launched(使下水)．In 1974,it entered Navy service, making China the fifth country in the world to have a nuclear submarine.
Peng Shilu worked very hard. He spent all his life on nuclear power.“I have only done two things in my life. One is building nuclear submarines and the other is building nuclear power stations,” said Peng Shilu.
Peng Shilu died on March 22,2021,at the age of 96. As a pioneer(先驱)in nuclear power, he would be forever remembered by the people and the country.
1 What influenced Peng Shilu deeply when he was very young?
A. The scientists' spirit.
B. The people's kindness.
C. The teachers' words.
D. The family's encouragement.
2 Why did Peng Shilu change his research field?
A. The new field was easier.
B. He wanted to be famous.
C. The motherland had a need.
D. He was more interested in the new field.
3 The passage is mainly organized
A. in time order
B. in space order
C. from the whole to the parts
D. from the parts to the whole
4 Which of the following can best describe Peng Shilu?
A. Honest and polite.
B. Humorous and friendly.
C. Selfless and hard-working.
D. Clever and kind-hearted.
文化拓展
“中国核潜艇之父”－彭士禄
“历经磨难，初心不改。在深山中倾听，于花甲年重启。两代人为理想澎湃，一辈子为国家深潜。你，如同你的作品，无声无息，但蕴含巨大的威力。”这是《感动中国》组委会授予彭士禄的颁奖词，也是彭士禄一生的写照。他是中国核潜艇首任总设计师，革命烈士彭湃之子，年仅4岁就成了孤儿。他历经磨难，入狱、流浪、乞讨······后几经辗转被接到延安。从苏联留学归来后，他隐姓埋名数十年，投身祖国核动力事业，造核潜艇、建核电站。
作为我国核动力领域的开拓者和奠基者之一，彭士禄主持了我国潜艇核动力装置的论证、设计、装备、试验以及运行的全过程，参加指挥了我国第一代核潜艇的调试和试航工作。改革开放后，他负责我国第一座百万千瓦级核电站－大亚湾核电站的引进、总体设计和前期工作，组织自主设计建造秦山核电站二期，为我国核事业发展做出了开创性的贡献。
语篇解读
本文主要介绍了中国的核电先驱－彭士禄。“深潜”一生的他说一辈子只做了两件事：一是造核潜艇，二是建核电站。
答案详析
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But the people's kindness influenced him deeply at his early age.”可知，在彭士禄很小的时候，人们的善良就深深地影响了他。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，当被问及是否愿意转变自己的研究领域时，彭士禄回答：“当然，只要祖国需要！”由此可知，彭士禄是由于祖国的需要才转变了自己的研究领域。
3.A 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了彭士禄从出生到去世的生平事迹：他于1925年出生；1940年，他被送到延安学习；1951年，他出国学习；1956年，他转变了自己的研究领域；1970年，在彭士禄和其他科学家的努力下，中国第一艘核潜艇下水；2021年，这位伟大的科学家去世。由此可推知，本文是按照时间顺序进行叙述的。
4.C 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，当被问及是否愿意转变自己的研究领域时，彭士禄回答：“当然，只要祖国需要！”由此可推知，他以国家利益为重，是一个无私的人；根据倒数第二段内容可知，他工作很努力，一生都在研究核能，由此推知他很勤奋。
Passage 3
阅读理解
(“东方哥伦布”-郑和)
Zheng He, the Columbus of the East, was an amazing man. He is a well-known Chinese explorer(探险家)。
He was born in Yunnan Province in 1371. When he was young, he met Zhu Di and the two became close friends. In 1402, Zhu Di became the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty and he asked Zheng He to join him.
The emperor wanted to show other countries his power. He ordered people to build many new ships and made Zheng He the leader of the fleet(船队)．Zheng He first set sail in 1405, with 27,800 men, 62 ships and over 200 boats. Between 1405 and 1433, he went on seven trips and travelled to different parts of the world. Each trip lasted between two and four years. It is believed he sailed more than 50,000 km during the years of his travels.
On these trips Zheng He brought many Chinese goods like silk and medicine to give to foreign emperors or in exchange for(以换取)local goods. He returned from each trip with many things that were seen in his country for the first time, such as a giraffe from Africa. Besides developing trade, the trips also encouraged the exchange of cultures and technologies.
After Zheng He died in 1433, the new emperor, who believed these trips cost too much, stopped the travel to the West. All of Zheng He's ships were broken along with most of the records of the seven trips. It is in the recent years that historians have begun to carefully study Zheng He and his wonderful adventures.
1 Why did Zhu Di want Zheng He to sail to many different countries?
A. To bring other countries under the control of his country.
B. To show the world how powerful his country was.
C. To receive gifts from the emperors of other countries.
D. To discover unusual animals and bring them back.
2 What do we know about Zheng He from the passage?
A. He travelled over 500,000 km in total.
B. He died at the age of 62.
C. Each of his trips lasted about two years.
D. He was a successful businessman.
3 What's the right order of the following events?
a. A giraffe was introduced.
b. Zhu Di became the emperor.
c. Zheng He first led his fleet on a trip.
d. The sea travel to the West was stopped.
e. Zhu Di ordered people to build new ships.
A.b,e,c,a,d
B.b,d,a,c,e
C.e,b,d,c,a
D.e,b,c,a,
4 What's the best title for the passage?
A. The Well-Known Ships
B. The Great Emperor: Zhu Di
C. The Trade Around the World
D. The Famous Explorer: Zheng He
文化拓展
郑和七下西洋
郑和是中国明朝初期的航海家。他本姓马，回族，云南昆阳（今属昆明晋宁)人。郑和受到明成祖朱棣的器重，永乐二年（1404)赐姓郑，从此名郑和。永乐三年（1405)至宣德八年（1433)的28年间，他先后七次奉命率大规模船队出使西洋。船队由苏、浙、闽沿海南下，历南洋群岛至非洲东岸凡30余国和地区，航程10万余里。其规模之大、航次之多、航程之远和所到地区之广，在当时世界上是绝无仅有的。郑和的航行加强了中国与亚非各国的友好关系和贸易往来。
郑和下西洋的航海实践丰富和发展了中国古代在海图绘制、针路测定、天文航海、气象水文等方面的航海技术，并为后人留下了珍贵的《郑和航海图》。随航者马欢所著《瀛涯胜览》、费信所著《星槎胜览》、巩珍所著《西洋番国志》等书，都记述了各次远航的事迹和见闻，为后世留下了重要的中西交通史料。
语篇解读
你听说过郑和吗？他是中国古代伟大的探险家，曾经七下西洋，将中国商品和文化带向世界，有“东方哥伦布”之称。
答案详析
1.B 细节理解题。根据第三段前两句“The emperor wanted to show other countries his power...made Zheng He the leader of the fleet.”可知，朱棣想向其他国家展示他的影响力，命人造新船并任命郑和为船队统帅。也就是说，他让郑和航行到许多不同的国家是为了向世界展示他的国家有多强大。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“He was born in Yunnan Province in 1371.”可知，郑和出生于1371年；根据最后一段第一句中的“Zheng He died in 1433”可知，他于1433年去世。由此可知，郑和去世时62岁。
3.A 细节理解题。通读全文可知，1402年，朱棣即位；之后他命人建造了很多新船，并任命郑和为船队统帅；1405年，郑和（率船队）首次起航；每次航行回来，郑和都会带回很多自己国家不曾见过的东西，比如长颈鹿；郑和去世后，新皇帝认为海上航行耗费巨大，于是作出了停止远航他国的决定。由此可知，A项正确。
4.D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了明朝著名探险家郑和的生平，他七下西洋，促进了中西方物质和文化的交流。因此，D项“一位著名的探险家：郑和”最适合作本文标题。
Passage 4
阅读理解
(昆曲大师王芳)
Wang Fang, a woman from Suzhou, puts her whole heart into Kunqu Opera.
She started to learn the traditional art form from a young age. Born with a sweet voice, Wang loved to sing and dance. And the Suzhou Kunqu Opera Troupe(SKOT,苏昆剧团)chose her when she was in middle school. However, her parents refused the troupe's invitation, saying that her studies were more important. After members of the troupe visited her parents again and again, they finally agreed.
Learning the traditional art form was never easy. She started to learn how to pronounce and sing words, and how to make proper movements. She got wet through when practicing movements in summer, while in winter she often had chilblains(冻疮)on her hands. “No matter how difficult, I always got up early the next morning to practice," Wang says.
Wang says she was confused at first because she couldn't make sure if she liked Kunqu or not. But in her early 20s,when she watched the show by Zhang Jiqing, a master(大师)of the art form, it clicked(豁然开朗)。“Her every movement was full of beauty. Each of her words and songs was perfect. I was touched by the beauty of Kunqu for the first time, and I decided to stay with it all my life,” says Wang.
Wang once said in a talk, "First you must be a dreamer, then a doer, and only then can you be a master."Now, Wang is a master of Kunqu. People of different ages love her shows and she helps the art form become more popular with young people.
1 Why did Wang's parents finally allow her to join the SKOT?
A. Because she showed great interest in art.
B. Because learning Kunqu Opera was easy.
C. Because she promised not to give up her studies.
D. Because the troupe members touched them.
2 What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. Wang worked hard in learning Kunqu.
B. Wang was talented in learning Kunqu.
C. Wang learned skills from different teachers.
D. Wang's family members helped her with her practice.
3 What does the underlined word “confused” probably mean?
A. Unable to sing well.
B. Unable to become famous.
C. Unable to think clearly.
D. Unable to move quickly.
4 What can we know about Wang's shows?
A. They are old-fashioned but wonderful.
B. They are similar to Zhang Jiqing's.
C. They are not welcomed by the elderly.
D. They interest more and more young people.
5 Which of the following might Wang agree with?
A. Love me, love my dog.
B. First think and then speak.
C. Where there is a will, there is a way.
D. It's never too old to learn.
文化拓展
王芳：唱着昆曲，走过人生沉浮
从1977年初遇昆曲，至今已有四十余年。褪去华服，洗尽铅华之后，王芳在戏曲舞台下付出的艰辛是旁人无法看到的。入学初始家人反对，练功过度导致“倒嗓”，昆曲艺术遭受市场冲击，面对这些曲折，王芳用“坚守”二字表达了对于昆曲的热爱，以及传承传统文化的责任感。
1995年，王芳凭借昆剧《寻梦》《思凡》和苏剧《醉归》，一举摘得戏曲界最高奖“梅花奖”；2005年，凭借在昆剧《长生殿》中的出色表现，王芳“梅开二度”，获得第二十二届中国戏剧梅花奖。
“江南有幽兰，生长姑苏间。《牡丹亭》中恨，《长生殿》里缘。舞低虎丘月，歌尽水磨弦。妙传《霓裳》曲，清香动人寰。”戏迷创作的这首诗，是对王芳艺术人生的生动写照。在数十年的坚持与守望中，王芳见证了昆曲艺术的衰微、复苏与再度繁荣。
语篇解读
本文讲述了王芳从初遇昆曲到成为昆曲大师的故事。
答案详析
1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“After members of the troupe visited her parents again and again, they finally agreed.”可知，在剧团成员一而再、再而三地拜访王芳的父母后，他们终于同意了。由此可推知，剧团成员的坚持感动了王芳的父母。
2.A 段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段描述了王芳学习昆曲时的刻苦：她在夏天练习动作时全身湿透；在冬天，她的手上经常长冻疮；无论多么困难，她总是第二天一大早就起床练习。
3.C 词义猜测题。画线词后的“because she couldn't make sure if she liked Kunqu or not”给出了原因：她无法确定她是否喜欢昆曲；再结合下文内容可知，王芳看完昆曲大师张继青的表演之后，豁然开朗，决定一生与昆曲为伴。由此可推知，王芳之前是迷茫的。故推测confused意为“困惑的”，与C项意义相近。
4.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Now, Wang is a master...she helps the art form become more popular with young people.”可知，王芳表演的昆曲老少都喜欢，在她的帮助下，昆曲越来越受年轻人欢迎。由此可知，越来越多的年轻人对王芳的表演感兴趣。
5.C 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，王芳练习昆曲非常刻苦；再结合最后一段王芳说的话可知，王芳认为，人必须先是一个梦想家，然后是一个实干家，只有这样才能成为一个大师。由此可推知，她最有可能认同C项“有志者事竟成”。A项意为“爱屋及乌”；B项意为“先想后说”；D项意为“活到老学到老”。
Passage 5
任务型阅读
(走近钱锺书)
Qian Zhongshu was one of the most famous writers in China. He was born on November 21, 1910 in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. He was brought up by his uncle, and grew up with his cousins.
Qian had a surprising memory. 1 He showed his good memory at an early age. When he was a small boy, his uncle often took him to teahouses. 2 When they returned home, he could repeat(重复)the stories to his cousins.
3 Although his math was poor, he was able to enter this top university with excellent grades in Chinese and English. In Tsinghua University he met his wife Yang Jiang, who was one year younger than him and a famous writer, too. 4 Two years later, their daughter Qian Yuan was born.
Qian died on December 19, 1998 in Beijing. He left many works to the world. 5 It has been translated(翻译)into more than six foreign languages. He devoted(奉献)himself to the study of Chinese and Western literature and made great achievements.
根据短文内容，从选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
A. They got married in 1935.
B. Qian went to Tsinghua University in 1929.
C. He liked reading storybooks in the teahouses.
D. Do you want to know more about Qian Zhongshu?
E. He only needed to read something once before learning it by heart.
F. His most famous novel, Fortress Besieged(《围城》)，came out in 1947.
1_________ 2_________ 3_________ 4_________ 5_________
文化拓展
钱锺书“百科全书式的脑子”是怎么炼成的？
钱锺书有着过目不忘的记忆力，被大家称为“移动的图书馆”。黄永玉翻遍《辞源》《辞海》《佛学大辞典》，找不到“凤凰涅槃”典故的出处。钱锺书告诉他：“你去翻翻中文本简明大不列颠全书，在第三本里可以找得到。”
这种“百科全书式的脑子”是怎么炼成的呢？杨绛写过一篇《钱锺书是怎样做读书笔记的》：“锺书做一遍笔记的时间，约莫是读这本书的一倍。他说，一本书，第二遍再读，总会发现读第一遍时会有很多疏忽。最精彩的句子，要读几遍后才能发现。”
鲁迅先生有句名言：“哪里有天才，我是把别人喝咖啡的时间都用在写作上了。”即便是最聪明的人，在读书方面，也只能用最笨的办法。只有多看书、做笔记、反复看，这样才会将书中的内容牢牢记在脑子里。
语篇解读
钱锺书是我国著名的作家，他的代表作《围城》几乎家喻户晓。本文主要介绍了这位中国著名作家的生平。
答案详析
1.E 根据空前一句可知，钱锺书有惊人的记忆力；再结合空后对他记忆力好的描述可知，空处应与钱锺书的记忆力好有关，故E项“他只需要读一遍就能背下来”可承上启下，符合语境。
2.C 根据空前一句可知，在钱锺书小时候，他的伯父经常带他去茶馆；再根据空后一句可知，回家后，他能够将故事复述给他的堂兄弟（姐妹）。由此可知，空处内容应与他在茶馆里做的事情有关，故C项“他喜欢在茶馆里读故事书”可承上启下，符合语境。
3.B 根据空后一句可知，虽然钱锺书的数学不好，但是他还是以优异的语文和英语成绩进人了这所顶尖大学。由此可知，空处应会提到某所大学，故B项“钱锺书于1929年进入清华大学”可引出下文，符合语境。
4.A 根据空前一句可知，钱锺书在清华大学认识了他的妻子杨绛；再根据空后一句可知，两年后，他们有了女儿钱瑗。由此可知，空处应与两人的关系进展有关，故A项“他们于1935年结婚”可承上启下，符合语境。
5.F 根据空前一句可知，钱锺书留下了许多作品；再根据空后一句可知，它被翻译成多种语言。由此可知，空处应与钱锺书的某个作品有关，故F项“他最著名的小说《围城》于1947年出版”可承上启下，符合语境。空后的It指代F项中的Fortress Besieged.
Passage 6
短文填空
(“中国电机之父”-钟兆琳)
阅读短文，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。方框中每词限用一次。
teach early about get action we word poor successful show
Have you ever been to Westward Relocation Museum(西迁博物馆)in Xi'an Jiaotong University? An old-fashioned calcuator(计算器)，a pair of glasses and other things are 1 in a window. These old things tell people 2 the story of Zhong Zhaolin, the father of electrical machinery in China.
In 1927,Mr.Zhong returned to Shanghai to 3 electricity at Jiaotong University and worked hard on electrical education. He trained thousands of talents in electricity. In the 1930s,he 4 created the first generator(发电机)in China together with his students. In 1955, the central authorities decided to move part of the Jiaotong University to Xi'an. Mr. Zhong actively supported(支持)that. At that time, his wife was in 5 health. However, in order not to break his promise, he still 6 on the train to Xi'an alone. His 7 inspired(激励)many teachers and students.
Mr. Zhong was a man of few 8 and a serious professor. He strongly believed we Chinese people could achieve things by 9 .After years of hard work, Mr. Zhong created the 10 and largest electrical laboratory in the northwest.
The spirit of Westward Relocation has become the spirit of our country and encourages young people to fight on. Zhong Zhaolin is the pride of all Chinese people.
1_________ 2_________ 3_________ 4_________ 5_________
6_________ 7_________ 8_________ 9_________ 10_________
文化拓展
钟兆琳：交通大学西迁的带头人
西安交大西迁博物馆里，一张薄薄的乘车证，记录了师生们走过的长路。乘车证的左上角是高楼和书桌的图案，右下角是一辆疾驰的列车。上方的一行字格外引人注目：“向科学进军，建设大西北！”这10个字，鲜明地揭示了西迁的主题。
1955年，党中央、国务院从国内外形势和新中国高等教育、工业建设布局等方面考虑，作出了把交通大学迁往西安的决定。被誉为“中国电机之父”的钟兆琳教授，在迁校时已50多岁。他安顿好常年卧病在床的爱人，踊跃报名，带头西迁。正是在钟兆琳等一大批爱国知识分子的积极支持下，交大才得以顺利西迁，从而改变了西部没有规模宏大的多科性工业大学的面貌。
钟兆琳教授的西迁故事是上世纪50年代6000名交大西迁前辈的缩影，他们共同铸就了“胸怀大局、无私奉献、弘扬传统、艰苦创业”的西迁精神，鼓舞着交大师生在奋斗中砥砺前行！
语篇解读
西安交通大学的西迁博物馆里陈列着一个老式计算器、一副眼镜和其他物品，它们向人们述说着“中国电机之父”钟兆琳的故事······
答案详析
1.shown 根据上一句可知，空前描述的是西迁博物馆里的物品；再根据空后的in a window可推知，此处指一个老式计算器、一副眼镜和其他物品在一个橱窗里展出，故show“展览”，符合语境。主语和show之间为被动关系，空前已有are,故填show的过去分词shown.
2.about 根据语境可知，这些旧物品向人们讲述着关于钟兆琳的故事。tell sb. about sth.意为“向某人讲述关于某物的事情”，为固定用法，故填about.
3.teach 根据空后的“worked hard on electrical education”可推知，钟兆琳是位老师，故此处指他在交通大学教电力学。空前的不定式符号to提示此处应用动词原形，故填teach.
4.successfully 根据2空后的“Zhong Zhaolin, the father of electrical machinery in China”可知，钟兆琳是“中国电机之父”，故此处指他和他的学生在20世纪30年代成功发明出了中国的第一台发电机。空处作状语，故填successful的副词形式successfully.
5.poor 根据空前两句可知，1955年，中央决定将部分交通大学迁往西安，钟兆琳对此积极支持；再根据空后的副词However和to Xi'an alone可推知，那时他的妻子身体不好。in poor health“身体不好”，为固定用法，故填poor.
6.got 然而，为了不违背自己的承诺，钟兆琳独自坐上了去往西安的火车。get on“上（车、飞机、船等）”，为固定搭配；此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填get的过去式got.
7.action 根据上文可知，钟兆琳积极支持交大西迁一事，尽管妻子身体不好，他依然只身前往西安。由此可知，他的行为激励了很多老师和学生。
8.words 根据空后的a serious professor可知，钟兆琳很严肃。由此可推知，他不善言辞。word意为“话语”时为可数名词，且空前有few修饰，故填其复数形式words.
9.ourselves 钟兆琳坚信我们中国人可以靠自己取得成就。by oneself"自己；独自”，为固定搭配；空处指“我们自己”，故填ourselves.
10.earliest 根据语境并结合备选词可知，经过多年的努力，钟兆琳创建了西北最早、规模最大的电机实验室。early“早的”，符合语境；空处和空后的largest并列，应用最高级，故填earliest.
Passage 7
书面表达
(我最想学习的一位伟人)
在中国的历史上，有很多伟人值得我们学习。他们身上的闪光点常常带给我们满满的正能量。请根据下列提示，以“The Great Person I Should Learn From”为题，写一篇英语短文介绍一个你最想学习的伟人。
内容包括：
1.你最想向谁学习；
2.他（她)的事迹；
3.他（她)对你的影响。
注意：
1.词数100左右（标题已给出，不计入总词数)；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.不能出现自己的真实信息。
The Great Person I Should Learn From
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参考范文:
The Great Person I Should Learn From
As is known to us, there are lots of great people in China. For me, Qian Xuesen, one of the most famous scientists in China, is the person I should learn from.
When he was young, he was very hard-working and studied in several famous universities in the world. He was limited by the US for more than five years before coming back to China. He won many big prizes and made many famous discoveries. He is known as the “Father of Space Technology” and “King of Rocketry”。
Although he has passed away, his spirit encourages me all the time. I will learn from him and work hard to make a contribution to our motherland.